Oracle America, Inc. v. Google Inc.

Filing 32

GOOGLE INC.'S ANSWER to Complaint with Jury Demand, COUNTERCLAIM against Oracle America, Inc. byGoogle Inc.. (Zimmer, Donald) (Filed on 10/4/2010)

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DONALD F. ZIMMER, JR. (SBN 112279) [e-mail] CHERYL A. SABNIS (SBN 224323) [e-mail] KING & SPALDING LLP 101 Second Street ­ Suite 2300 San Francisco, CA 94105 Telephone: [phone] Facsimile: [phone] SCOTT T. WEINGAERTNER (Pro Hac Vice) [e-mail] ROBERT F. PERRY [e-mail] BRUCE W. BABER (Pro Hac Vice Pending) [e-mail] KING & SPALDING LLP 1185 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036-4003 Telephone: [phone] Facsimile: [phone] Attorneys for Defendant GOOGLE INC. UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO DIVISION ORACLE AMERICA, INC. Plaintiff, v. GOOGLE INC. Defendant. Case No. 3:10-cv-03561-WHA Honorable Judge William H. Alsup GOOGLE INC.'S ANSWER TO PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIMS JURY TRIAL DEMANDED

GOOGLE INC.'S ANSWER TO PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIMS CIVIL ACTION NO. CV 10-03561

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GOOGLE INC.'S ANSWER TO PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIMS Defendant Google Inc. ("Google") answers the Complaint of Oracle America, Inc.

4 ("Oracle") as follows: 5 6 7 8 9 10 1. The Parties Google is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the

truth of the allegations of paragraph 1, and therefore denies them. 2. Google admits that it is a corporation organized under the laws of the State of

Delaware with a principal place of business at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California 94043. Google admits that it does business in the Northern District of California.

11 Google denies any remaining allegations of paragraph 2. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 2
GOOGLE INC.'S ANSWER TO PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIMS CIVIL ACTION NO. CV 10-03561

Jurisdiction and Venue 3. Google admits that this action purports to invoke the patent and copyright laws of

the United States, Titles 35 and 17, United States Code. Google admits that 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1338(a) confer jurisdiction as to claims arising under the patent laws and claims arising under the laws of the United States upon this Court. Google denies any remaining allegations of paragraph 3. 4. Google admits that venue is proper in the Northern District of California. Google

denies any remaining allegations of paragraph 4. 5. Google admits that this Court has personal jurisdiction over it. Google admits

that it has conducted and does conduct business within the State of California and within the Northern District of California. Google denies any remaining allegations of paragraph 5. 6. Google admits that it, directly or through intermediaries, makes, distributes, offers

for sale or license, sells or licenses, and/or advertises its products and services in the United States, in the State of California, and the Northern District of California. Google denies any remaining allegations of paragraph 6.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 8. 7. Intradistrict Assignment Google admits the allegations of paragraph 7. Background Google is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the

truth of the allegations of paragraph 8, and therefore denies them. 9. Google is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the

truth of the allegations of paragraph 9, and therefore denies them. 10. Google admits that what appear to be copies of U.S. patents numbers 6,125,447,

6,192,476, 5,966,702, 7,426,720, RE38,104, 6,910,205 and 6,061,520 are attached to Oracle's complaint as exhibits A through G. Google is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of the remaining allegations of paragraph 10, and therefore denies

13 them. 14 11. Google admits that what appear to be copies of certificates of registration

15 numbers TX 6-196-514, TX 6-066-538 and TX 6-143-306 issued by the U.S. Copyright Office 16 are attached to Oracle's complaint as exhibit H. Google is without knowledge or information 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 3
GOOGLE INC.'S ANSWER TO PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIMS CIVIL ACTION NO. CV 10-03561

sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of the remaining allegations of paragraph 11, and therefore denies them. 12. Google admits that the Android Platform is an open-source software stack for

mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and applications, and that a feature of Android is the Dalvik virtual machine ("VM"), which executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format, and can run classes compiled by a Java language compiler that have been converted into the .dex format by the "dx" tool included with Android. Google admits that the Open Handset Alliance, a group of 78 technology and mobile companies, which includes Google, makes the information and source code for Android, including the Dalvik VM and the Android software development kit ("SDK"), openly and freely available for download at

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http://source.android.com and http://developer.android.com. allegations of paragraph 12. 13.

Google denies any remaining

Google denies the allegations of paragraph 13, and specifically denies that Google

has infringed or is liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of the patents identified in paragraph 13. 14. 15. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 14. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 15, and specifically denies Google has

infringed or is liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of any patents asserted in this action by Oracle. Count I (Alleged Infringement of the `447 Patent) 16. Google incorporates by reference its responses to the allegations of paragraphs 1

though 15 above as its response to paragraph 16 of Oracle's complaint. 17. Google admits that U.S. Patent No. 6,125,447 ("the `447 patent"), on its face, is

entitled "Protection Domains To Provide Security In A Computer System" and bears an issuance date of September 26, 2000. Google further admits that what appears to be a copy of the `447 patent was attached to Oracle's complaint as Exhibit A. Google is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of any remaining allegations of paragraph 17, and therefore denies them. 18. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 18, and specifically denies that Google

has infringed or is liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of the `447 patent. Count II (Alleged Infringement of the `476 Patent) 19. Google incorporates by reference its responses to the allegations of paragraphs 1

though 15 above as its response to paragraph 19 of Oracle's complaint.

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20.

Google admits that U.S. Patent No. 6,192,476 ("the `476 patent"), on its face, is

entitled "Controlling Access To A Resource." Google denies that the `476 patent bears an issuance date of February 20, 2000, and states that the `476 patent bears an issuance date of February 20, 2001. Google further admits that what appears to be a copy of the `476 patent was attached to Oracle's complaint as Exhibit B. Google is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of any remaining allegations of paragraph 20, and therefore denies them. 21. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 21, and specifically denies that Google

has infringed or is liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of the `476 patent. Count III (Alleged Infringement of the `702 Patent) 22. Google incorporates by reference its responses to the allegations of paragraphs 1

though 15 above as its response to paragraph 22 of Oracle's complaint. 23. Google admits that U.S. Patent No. 5,966,702 ("the `702 patent"), on its face, is

entitled "Method And Apparatus For Preprocessing And Packaging Class Files" and bears an issuance date of October 12, 1999. Google further admits that what appears to be a copy of the `702 patent was attached to Oracle's complaint as Exhibit C. Google is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of any remaining allegations of paragraph 23, and therefore denies them. 24. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 24, and specifically denies that Google

has infringed or is liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of the `702 patent. Count IV (Alleged Infringement of the `720 Patent) 25. Google incorporates by reference its responses to the allegations of paragraphs 1

though 15 above as its response to paragraph 25 of Oracle's complaint.

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26.

Google admits that U.S. Patent No. 7,426,720 ("the `720 patent"), on its face, is

entitled "System And Method For Dynamic Preloading Of Classes Through Memory Space Cloning Of A Master Runtime Process" and bears an issuance date of September 16, 2008. Google further admits that what appears to be a copy of the `720 patent was attached to Oracle's complaint as Exhibit D. Google is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of any remaining allegations of paragraph 26, and therefore denies them. 27. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 27, and specifically denies that Google

has infringed or is liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of the `720 patent. Count V (Alleged Infringement of the `104 Reissue Patent) 28. Google incorporates by reference its responses to the allegations of paragraphs 1

though 15 above as its response to paragraph 28 of Oracle's complaint. 29. Google denies that U.S. Patent No. RE38,104 ("the `104 reissue patent") is

entitled "Method And Apparatus For Resolving Data References In Generate Code." Google admits that the `104 reissue patent, on its face, is entitled "Method And Apparatus For Resolving Data References In Generated Code" and bears an issuance date of April 29, 2003. Google further admits that what appears to be a copy of the `104 reissue patent was attached to Oracle's complaint as Exhibit E. Google is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of any remaining allegations of paragraph 29, and therefore denies them. 30. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 30, and specifically denies that Google

has infringed or is liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of the `104 reissue patent. Count VI (Alleged Infringement of the `205 Patent) 31. Google incorporates by reference its responses to the allegations of paragraphs 1

though 15 above as its response to paragraph 31 of Oracle's complaint.

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32.

Google admits that U.S. Patent No. 6,910,205 ("the `205 patent"), on its face, is

entitled "Interpreting Functions Utilizing A Hybrid Of Virtual And Native Machine Instructions" and bears an issuance date of June 21, 2005. Google further admits that what appears to be a copy of the `205 patent was attached to Oracle's complaint as Exhibit F. Google is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of any remaining allegations of paragraph 32, and therefore denies them. 33. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 33, and specifically denies that Google

has infringed or is liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of the `205 patent. Count VII (Alleged Infringement of the `520 Patent) 34. Google incorporates by reference its responses to the allegations of paragraphs 1

though 15 above as its response to paragraph 34 of Oracle's complaint. 35. Google admits that U.S. Patent No. 6,061,520 ("the `520 patent"), on its face, is

entitled "Method And System For Performing Static Initialization" and bears an issuance date of May 9, 2000. Google further admits that what appears to be a copy of the `520 patent was attached to Oracle's complaint as Exhibit G. Google is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of any remaining allegations of paragraph 35, and therefore denies them. 36. Google denies the allegations of paragraph 36, and specifically denies that Google

has infringed or is liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of the `520 patent. Count VIII (Alleged Copyright Infringement) 37-46. Google has filed, concurrently herewith, a motion under Rule 12(b)(6) to dismiss Count VIII of Oracle's complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted and, in the alternative, for a more definite statement. In accordance with Rule 12(a)(4) of the

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Federal Rules, Google is not required to respond to Count VIII until after disposition of the motion to dismiss and motion for more definite statement. Prayer For Relief These paragraphs set forth the statement of relief requested by Oracle to which no response is required. Google denies that Oracle is entitled to any of the requested relief and denies any allegations contained in the Prayer For Relief to which a response is required. Google denies each and every allegation of Oracle's complaint not specifically admitted

8 or otherwise responded to above. Google specifically denies that Google has infringed or is 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 2. 1. liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable patents of Oracle. Google further

specifically denies that Oracle is entitled to any relief whatsoever of any kind against Google as a result of any act of Google or any person or entity acting on behalf of Google. Defenses First Defense ­ No Patent Infringement Google does not infringe, has not infringed (directly, contributorily, or by

inducement) and is not liable for infringement of any valid and enforceable claim of U.S. Reissue Patent No. RE38,104 ("the `104 reissue patent"), and U.S. Patent Nos. 5,966,702 ("the `702 patent"), 6,061,520 ("the `520 patent"), 6,125,447 ("the `447 patent"), 6,192,476 ("the `476 patent"), 6,910,205 ("the `205 patent"), and 7,426,720 ("the `720 patent") (collectively "the Patents-in-Suit"). Second Defense ­ Patent Invalidity The claims of the Patents-in-Suit are invalid for failure to satisfy one or more of

the requirements of Sections 100 et seq., 101, 102, 103, 112, 251, and/or 252 of Title 35 of the

23 United States Code. 24 25 3. Third Defense ­ Patent Unenforceability The claims of the Patents-in-Suit are unenforceable, in whole or in part, by the

26 doctrines of laches, waiver and/or estoppel, including prosecution history estoppel. 27 28 8
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Fourth Defense ­ Substantial Non-Infringing Uses Any and all products or actions accused of infringement have substantial uses that

do not infringe and do not induce or contribute to the alleged infringement of the asserted claims of the Patents-in-Suit. Fifth Defense ­ Dedication To The Public The owner of the Patents-in-Suit has dedicated to the public all methods,

apparatus, and products disclosed in the Patents-in-Suit, but not literally claimed therein, and is estopped from claiming infringement by any such public domain methods, apparatus, or products. Sixth Defense ­ Limitation On Patent Damages Oracle's claim for damages, if any, against Google for alleged infringement of the

Patents-in-Suit are limited by 35 U.S.C. §§ 286, 287 and 288. Seventh Defense ­ Misuse Oracle's claims against Google for alleged infringement of the Patents-in-Suit are

barred by the doctrine of misuse. Eighth Defense ­ Exceptional Case This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285, and accordingly, Google is

entitled to its attorneys' fees incurred in defending against Counts I through VII of Oracle's complaint. Ninth Defense ­ Use By The United States To the extent that the alleged invention has been used or manufactured by or for

the United States, the claims for relief are barred by 28 U.S.C. § 1498. Tenth Defense ­ No Injunctive Relief Oracle is not entitled to injunctive relief as it, at a minimum, has not suffered any

25 alleged irreparable injury and has an adequate remedy at law. 26 27 28 9
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1. 13. unclean hands. 12. 11.

Eleventh Defense ­ License Upon information and belief, users of the Android Platform, including, without

limitation, manufacturers and software developers, are licensed to use the Patents-in-Suit. Twelfth Defense ­ Implied License Oracle's claims of patent infringement are barred because Google has an implied

license to the Patents-in-Suit. Thirteenth Defense ­ Unclean Hands All of Oracle's claims are barred because Oracle has come to this Court with

COUNTERCLAIMS The Parties Google Inc. ("Google") is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of

the State of Delaware, with its principal place of business at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California 94043. 2. Upon information and belief, Oracle America, Inc. ("Oracle") is a corporation

organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with its principal place of business at 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City, California 94065. Upon information and belief, Oracle is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Oracle Corporation ("Oracle Corp."), a corporation

19 organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with its principal place of 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 10
GOOGLE INC.'S ANSWER TO PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIMS CIVIL ACTION NO. CV 10-03561

business at 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City, California 94065. Jurisdiction and Venue 3. Subject to Google's defenses and denials, Google alleges that this Court has

jurisdiction over the subject matter of these Counterclaims under, without limitation, 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331, 1338(a), 1367, 2201, and 2202, and venue for these Counterclaims is proper in this district. 4. This Court has personal jurisdiction over Oracle.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 A.

Factual Background The Java Platform and Programming Language 1. Upon information and belief, the Java programming language and the Java

platform ­ a software platform that includes a runtime environment that enables programs written in the Java programming language to execute ­ were developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. ("Sun") in the mid-1990s. While they are distinct elements, the term "Java" is commonly used to refer to the programming language, the runtime environment, as well as the platform. 2. The Java programming language was designed to use a similar syntax as well-

known, existing object-oriented languages at the time, such as C++. Instead of compiling programs into machine-executable code that could only be run on a particular computer system, the Java platform implemented a well-known technique wherein programs written in the Java programming language were compiled into intermediate instructions called "bytecode" that could only be executed on a computer that implements a Java "virtual machine." The virtual machine, typically a program, receives the bytecode and can convert it into instructions appropriate for the particular computer upon which the virtual machine was running, and then execute those instructions on that computer. So long as there is a Java virtual machine available for a given computer system, any program compiled from the Java programming language into Java bytecode could theoretically run on the Java virtual machine for that computer. Sun's Java virtual machines implement a stack-oriented architecture, where data and parameters are loaded onto data structures in the computer's memory called "stacks," and instructions are then executed using the data and parameters from the stack. 3. Upon information and belief, the Java platform comprises many different

components, including utilities to assist with the development of source code written in the Java programming language, a Java compiler that converts Java programming language statements to Java bytecode, a Java runtime environment consisting of Java virtual machines written to operate on a number of different computer platforms and a set of standard class libraries that can be

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accessed and reused by Java platform applications to perform common software functions, such as writing to files or sorting data. 4. Upon information and belief, Sun developed and distributed the Java Standard

Edition ("Java SE"), along with other editions of the Java platform. Each of these editions of the Java platform contain a development environment, a Java compiler, Java virtual machine, a set of standard class libraries, and documentation files describing the functionality and operation of the specific Java platform edition. Though there are many similarities between each of these editions, one of the significant differences is that each edition provides a different set of standard class libraries based on the types of applications and environment at which each edition is targeted. 5. Upon information and belief, in response to the urging of open-source advocates

and in the hopes of increasing the number of Java users, Sun officially announced that Java would become open-source. In 2006 and 2007, Sun released some but not all of the source code for Java SE (as well as the other editions of the Java Platform) under the terms of the GNU Public License, version 2 ("GPLv2") open source license. This open-source aspect of Java contributed to its widespread acceptance among software developers. 6. Upon information and belief, Sun also released the specifications for Sun's Java

platform, including Sun's Java virtual machine, under a free-of-charge license that can be found at http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/third_edition/html/jcopyright.html and http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jvms/second_edition/html/Copyright.doc.html, respectively. The license allows developers to create "clean room" implementations of Sun's Java specifications. If those implementations demonstrate compatibility with the Java specification, then Sun would provide a license for any of its intellectual property needed to practice the specification, including patent rights and copyrights. One example of a "clean room" implementation of Sun's Java is Apache Harmony, developed by the Apache Software Foundation. The only way to demonstrate compatibility with the Java specification is by meeting all of the requirements of

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Sun's Technology Compatibility Kit ("TCK") for a particular edition of Sun's Java. Importantly, however, TCKs were only available from Sun, initially not available as open source, were provided solely at Sun's discretion, and included several restrictions, such as additional licensing terms and fees. In essence, although developers were free to develop a competing Java virtual machine, they could not openly obtain an important component needed to freely benefit from Sun's purported open-sourcing of Java. 7. Sun came under significant criticism from members of the open source

community, including Oracle Corp., for its refusal to fully open source Java. For example, in August of 2006, the Apache Software Foundation ("ASF"), a not-for-profit corporation that provides organizational, legal, and financial support for open source software projects, attempted to obtain a TCK from Sun to verify Apache Harmony's compatibility with Java. Although Sun eventually offered to open source the TCK for Java SE, Sun included field of use ("FOU") restrictions that limited the circumstances under which Apache Harmony users could use the software that the ASF created, such as preventing the TCK from being executed on mobile devices. In April of 2007, the ASF wrote an open letter to Sun asking for either a TCK license without FOU restrictions, or an explanation as to why Sun was "protect[ing] portions of Sun's

17 commercial Java business at the expense of ASF's open software" and violating "Sun's public 18 promise that any Sun-led specification [such as Java] would be fully implementable and 19 distributable as open source/free software." However, Sun continued to refuse the ASF's 20 requests. 21 8. Oracle Corp., as a member of the Executive Committee ("EC") of the Java

22 Community Process ("JCP"), the organization tasked with managing Java standards, voiced the 23 same concerns regarding Sun's refusal to fully open source the Java platform. Later that year, in 24 December of 2007, during a JCP EC meeting, Oracle Corp. proposed that the JCP should provide 25 "a new, simplified IPR [intellectual property rights] Policy that permits the broadest number of 26 27 28 13
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implementations." At that same meeting, BEA Systems ­ which at the time was in negotiations

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that resulted in Oracle Corp. purchasing BEA ­ proposed a resolution that TCK licenses would be "offered without field of use restrictions . . . enabling the TCK to be used by organizations including Apache." Oracle Corp. voted in favor of the resolution. 9. Just over a year later, in February of 2009, Oracle Corp. reiterated its position on

the open-source community's expectation of a fully open Java platform when it supported a motion that "TCK licenses must not be used to discriminate against or restrict compatible implementations of Java specifications by including field of use restrictions on the tested implementations or otherwise. Licenses containing such limitations do not meet the requirements of the JSPA, the agreement under which the JCP operates, and violate the expectations of the Java community that JCP specs can be openly implemented." 10. Only a couple of months later, in April of 2009, Oracle Corp. announced that it

would be acquiring Sun (renamed Oracle America after the acquisition was completed in January of 2010). Since that time, and directly contrary to Oracle Corp.'s public actions and statements, as well as its own proposals as an executive member of the JCP, Oracle Corp. and Sun (now Oracle America) have ignored the open source community's requests to fully open-source the Java platform. B. The Open Handset Alliance and Development of the Android Platform 11. The Android Platform ("Android") is a freely-distributed, open-source software

stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key mobile applications. Android was released in 2007 by a group of seventy-eight technology and mobile companies known as the Open Handset Alliance ("OHA") who have come together to accelerate innovation in mobile devices and offer consumers a richer, less expensive, and better mobile experience. The members of the OHA, which include Google, mobile operators, handset manufacturers, semiconductor companies, software companies and commercialization companies, are each strongly committed to greater openness in the mobile ecosystem.

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12.

The OHA believes that an open platform ­ a platform that provides equal access

to any who would choose to develop software for the platform ­ is essential to allow wireless carriers, handset manufacturers, software developers and others to more rapidly bring innovative ideas to the marketplace and to better respond to consumers' demands. An open platform also ensures that there is no threat of a central point of failure, so that no single industry player can

6 restrict or control the innovations of any other. The objective of Android is an open and shared 7 product that each contributor can freely tailor and customize. The members of the OHA, 8 including Google, have invested heavily in Android by contributing significant intellectual 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 15
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property as well as economic and engineering resources to the development and maintenance of Android. 13. The Android platform includes, among other things, the Android Software

Development Kit ("SDK") and the Dalvik Virtual Machine ("VM"). The Dalvik VM relies on a version of the Linux kernel for core system services such as security, memory management, process management, network stack, and driver model, and as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the rest of the software stack. The core class libraries of the Dalvik VM incorporate a subset of Apache Harmony, a clean room, open source implementation of Java from the Apache Software Foundation. Other than the Harmony libraries, the Android platform, including, without limitation, the Dalvik VM, was independently developed by the OHA. 14. The Android Open Source Project ("AOSP") is tasked with the maintenance and

further development of Android, including incorporating code and submissions from the community of developers who contribute to Android and the tens of thousands of developers who create applications for Android. The goal of the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is to ensure that the open-source Android software is implemented as widely and consistently as possible, to the benefit of the developer and user communities, and others involved in Android. Google, along with several corporate partners and volunteer technology enthusiasts, contributes resources, including engineers and financial support, to the AOSP.

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15.

The information and source code for the Android Platform is openly and freely

available for developers, manufacturers, or any member of the general public to download at http://source.android.com and http://developer.android.com. The majority of the Android software is made available under the permissive open source license terms of the Apache Software License, 2.0 ("Apache 2.0"). Certain aspects of Android, for example, the Linux kernel patches, are made available under the GPLv2 license. 16. Developers are free to modify the source code of the Android platform to fit their

particular purpose. Android's permissive open-source license allows a developer to adopt the Android platform and freely build software and enhancements on top of the platform, while maintaining the flexibility to release the software and enhancements to the public under either an open source license, or alternatively under a commercial license, which would protect the developer's proprietary investment in Android. 17. Google does not receive any payment, fee, royalty, or other remuneration for its

contributions to the Android Platform. C. Android and the Java Programming Language 18. Developers for Android can create software applications for Android-based

mobile devices using various programming languages, including the Java programming language. For use on the Android platform, these software applications are converted into a set of intermediate instructions ­ i.e., Dalvik "bytecode," typically stored in files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format ­ with the "dx" tool included with the Android platform. These .dex files can be executed on any mobile device with a Dalvik VM. The Dalvik VM implements a register-based architecture (distinct from a stack-oriented architecture), where data and parameters are loaded directly into virtual machine registers. The Dalvik VM and .dex format are optimized for battery-powered mobile devices that are more limited in terms of computing and memory resources than desktop computers.

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19.

Although software applications for the Android platform may be written in the

Java programming language, the Dalvik bytecode is distinct and different from Java bytecode. The Dalvik VM is not a Java VM. 20. The Android Platform has been a success in the mobile handset industry.

Although Android was a latecomer to the smartphone market ­ first becoming generally available in late 2008 ­ there are currently approximately ninety different Android-based mobile devices made by over twenty different manufacturers available for purchase in dozens of countries. Indeed, approximately 200,000 Android-based handsets are activated every day on over fifty different wireless carriers. Android Market ­ a store where developers can sell applications ("apps") that they create for Android-based devices ­ has over 80,000 apps available for download. 21. Android's popularity has proven to be a catalyst for the Java open source

community and the increased use of the Java programming language. Indeed, when Android was first released in November of 2007, Sun CEO Jonathan Schwartz confirmed this fact, congratulating Android and stating that "needless to say, Google and the Open Handset Alliance just strapped another set of rockets to the community's momentum ­ and to the vision defining opportunity across our (and other) planets." 22. The success of the Android platform is due in large part to its open nature, which

benefits the entire open source community of consumers, developers, manufacturers, and mobile operators. Android's permissive open source license allows developers and manufacturers to innovate rapidly under their own terms while simultaneously protecting their proprietary intellectual property, if so desired. Because Android provides open and comprehensive access to handset capabilities and developer tools, developers experience increased productivity and are better able to optimize their Android applications. Mobile operators and handset manufacturers benefit from the innovation, and have great flexibility to customize Android to differentiate their product lines. Handset manufacturers also benefit from lower software costs and faster time-to-

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GOOGLE INC.'S ANSWER TO PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIMS CIVIL ACTION NO. CV 10-03561

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market for handsets. Finally, and consistent with the mission of the Open Handset Alliance, all of the benefits to developers, manufacturers, and mobile operators are passed on to consumers who receive more innovative and cost-effective mobile devices and services, and a rich portfolio of applications, that more rapidly respond to their needs and demands. E. Oracle's Complaint 23. In its Complaint, Oracle asserts that Google, by way of the Android Platform and

certain of its components, infringes U.S. Reissue Patent No. RE38,104 ("the `104 reissue patent"), and U.S. Patent Nos. 5,966,702 ("the `702 patent"), 6,061,520 ("the `520 patent"), 6,125,447 ("the `447 patent"), 6,192,476 ("the `476 patent"), 6,910,205 ("the `205 patent"), and 7,426,720 ("the `720 patent") (collectively "the Patents-in-Suit"). Oracle also asserts that Google infringes and induces Android users and developers to infringe certain copyrights that are attached to Oracle's Complaint as Exhibit H ("the Asserted Copyrights"). 24. Google does not infringe any valid and enforceable claim of the Patents-in-Suit,

either directly or indirectly. 25. patents-in-suit. COUNT ONE Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement of U.S. Reissue Patent No. RE 38,104 26. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1-25 of Consequently, there is an actual case and controversy between the parties over the

20 its Counterclaims. 21 27. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the

22 `104 reissue patent is infringed by Google. 23 28. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain

24 its rights regarding the `104 reissue patent. 25 29. Google has not infringed and does not infringe, directly or indirectly, any valid

26 and enforceable claim of the `104 reissue patent. 27 28 18
GOOGLE INC.'S ANSWER TO PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIMS CIVIL ACTION NO. CV 10-03561

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30.

This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its

Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim. COUNT TWO Declaratory Judgment of Invalidity of U.S. Reissue Patent No. RE 38,104 31. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1­30

6 of its Counterclaims. 7 32. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the

8 `104 reissue patent is invalid. 9 33. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain

10 its rights as to whether the `104 reissue patent is invalid. 11 34. The claims of the `104 reissue patent are invalid under one or more of 35 U.S.C.

12 §§ 100 et seq., 101, 102, 103, and 112. 13 35. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its

14 Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19
GOOGLE INC.'S ANSWER TO PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIMS CIVIL ACTION NO. CV 10-03561

COUNT THREE Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement of U.S. Patent No. 5,966,702 36. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1-35 of

its Counterclaims. 37. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the

`702 patent is infringed by Google. 38. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain

its rights regarding the `702 patent. 39. Google has not infringed and does not infringe, directly or indirectly, any valid

and enforceable claim of the `702 patent. 40. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its

Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim.

1 2 3 41.

COUNT FOUR Declaratory Judgment of Invalidity of U.S. Patent No. 5,966,702 Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1­40

4 of its Counterclaims. 5 42. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the

6 `702 patent is invalid. 7 43. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain

8 its rights as to whether the `702 patent is invalid. 9 44. The claims of the `702 patent are invalid under one or more of 35 U.S.C. §§ 100

10 et seq., 101, 102, 103, and 112. 11 45. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its

12 Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20
GOOGLE INC.'S ANSWER TO PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIMS CIVIL ACTION NO. CV 10-03561

COUNT FIVE Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement of U.S. Patent No. 6,061,520 46. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1-45 of

its Counterclaims. 47. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the

`520 patent is infringed by Google. 48. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain

its rights regarding the `520 patent. 49. Google has not infringed and does not infringe, directly or indirectly, any valid

and enforceable claim of the `520 patent. 50. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its

Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim.

1 2 3 51.

COUNT SIX Declaratory Judgment of Invalidity of U.S. Patent No. 6,061,520 Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1­50

4 of its Counterclaims. 5 52. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the

6 `520 patent is invalid. 7 53. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain

8 its rights as to whether the `520 patent is invalid. 9 54. The claims of the `520 patent are invalid under one or more of 35 U.S.C. §§ 100

10 et seq., 101, 102, 103, and 112. 11 55. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its

12 Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 21
GOOGLE INC.'S ANSWER TO PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIMS CIVIL ACTION NO. CV 10-03561

COUNT SEVEN Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement of U.S. Patent No. 6,125,447 56. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1-55 of

its Counterclaims. 57. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the

`447 patent is infringed by Google. 58. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain

its rights regarding the `447 patent. 59. Google has not infringed and does not infringe, directly or indirectly, any valid

and enforceable claim of the `447 patent. 60. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its

Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim.

1 2 3 61.

COUNT EIGHT Declaratory Judgment of Invalidity of U.S. Patent No. 6,125,447 Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1­60

4 of its Counterclaims. 5 62. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the

6 `447 patent is invalid. 7 63. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain

8 its rights as to whether the `447 patent is invalid. 9 64. The claims of the `447 patent are invalid under one or more of 35 U.S.C. §§ 100

10 et seq., 101, 102, 103, and 112. 11 65. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its

12 Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 22
GOOGLE INC.'S ANSWER TO PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIMS CIVIL ACTION NO. CV 10-03561

COUNT NINE Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement of U.S. Patent No. 6,192,476 66. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1-65 of

its Counterclaims. 67. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the

`476 patent is infringed by Google. 68. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain

its rights regarding the `476 patent. 69. Google has not infringed and does not infringe, directly or indirectly, any valid

and enforceable claim of the `476 patent. 70. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its

Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim.

1 2 3 71.

COUNT TEN Declaratory Judgment of Invalidity of U.S. Patent No. 6,192,476 Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1­70

4 of its Counterclaims. 5 72. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the

6 `476 patent is invalid. 7 73. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain

8 its rights as to whether the `476 patent is invalid. 9 74. The claims of the `476 patent are invalid under one or more of 35 U.S.C. §§ 100

10 et seq., 101, 102, 103, and 112. 11 75. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its

12 Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 23
GOOGLE INC.'S ANSWER TO PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIMS CIVIL ACTION NO. CV 10-03561

COUNT ELEVEN Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement of U.S. Patent No. 6,910,205 76. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1-75 of

its Counterclaims. 77. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the

`205 patent is infringed by Google. 78. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain

its rights regarding the `205 patent. 79. Google has not infringed and does not infringe, directly or indirectly, any valid

and enforceable claim of the `205 patent. 80. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its

Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim.

1 2 3 81.

COUNT TWELVE Declaratory Judgment of Invalidity of U.S. Patent No. 6,910,205 Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1­80

4 of its Counterclaims. 5 82. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the

6 `205 patent is invalid. 7 83. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain

8 its rights as to whether the `205 patent is invalid. 9 84. The claims of the `205 patent are invalid under one or more of 35 U.S.C. §§ 100

10 et seq., 101, 102, 103, and 112. 11 85. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its

12 Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 24
GOOGLE INC.'S ANSWER TO PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIMS CIVIL ACTION NO. CV 10-03561

COUNT THIRTEEN Declaratory Judgment of Non-Infringement of U.S. Patent No. 7,426,720 86. Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1-85 of

its Counterclaims. 87. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the

`720 patent is infringed by Google. 88. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain

its rights regarding the `720 patent. 89. Google has not infringed and does not infringe, directly or indirectly, any valid

and enforceable claim of the `720 patent. 90. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its

Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim.

1 2 3 91.

COUNT FOURTEEN Declaratory Judgment of Invalidity of U.S. Patent No. 7,426,720 Google restates and incorporates by reference its allegations in paragraphs 1­90

4 of its Counterclaims. 5 92. An actual case or controversy exists between Google and Oracle as to whether the

6 `720 patent is invalid. 7 93. A judicial declaration is necessary and appropriate so that Google may ascertain

8 its rights as to whether the `720 patent is invalid. 9 94. The claims of the `720 patent are invalid under one or more of 35 U.S.C. §§ 100

10 et seq., 101, 102, 103, and 112. 11 95. This is an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 because Oracle filed its

12 Complaint with knowledge of the facts stated in this Counterclaim. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 25
GOOGLE INC.'S ANSWER TO PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIMS CIVIL ACTION NO. CV 10-03561

Prayer for Relief WHEREFORE, Google prays for judgment as follows: a. b. c. A judgment dismissing Oracle's Complaint against Google with prejudice; A judgment in favor of Google on all of its Counterclaims; A declaration that Google has not infringed, contributed to the infringement of, or induced others to infringe, either directly or indirectly, any valid and enforceable claims of the Patents-in-Suit; d. e. A declaration that the Patents-in-Suit are invalid; A declaration that Oracle's claims are barred by the doctrines of laches, equitable estoppel, and/or waiver; f. g. A declaration that the Oracle's claims are barred by the doctrine of unclean hands; A declaration that this case is exceptional and an award to Google of its reasonable costs and expenses of litigation, including attorneys' fees and expert witness fees; and

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h.

Such other and further relief as this Court may deem just and proper. Jury Demand

Oracle's demand that all issues be determined by a jury trial does not state any allegation, and Google is not required to respond. To the extent that any allegations are included in the demand, Google denies these allegations. DATED: October 4, 2010 KING & SPALDING LLP

By: /s/ Donald F. Zimmer, Jr. SCOTT T. WEINGAERTNER (Pro Hac Vice) [e-mail] ROBERT F. PERRY [e-mail] BRUCE W. BABER (Pro Hac Vice Pending) [e-mail] 1185 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036-4003 Telephone: [phone] Facsimile: [phone] DONALD F. ZIMMER, JR. (SBN 112279) [e-mail] CHERYL A. SABNIS (SBN 224323) [e-mail] KING & SPALDING LLP 101 Second Street ­ Suite 2300 San Francisco, CA 94105 Telephone: [phone] Facsimile: [phone] ATTORNEYS FOR DEFENDANT GOOGLE INC.

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GOOGLE INC.'S ANSWER TO PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIMS CIVIL ACTION NO. CV 10-03561

1 2 3 4 5 6 DATED: October 4, 2010 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL In accordance with Rule 38 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and Civil L.R. 3-6(a), Google Inc. respectfully demands a jury trial of all issues triable to a jury in this action.

KING & SPALDING LLP

By: /s/ Donald F. Zimmer, Jr. SCOTT T. WEINGAERTNER (Pro Hac Vice) [e-mail] ROBERT F. PERRY [e-mail] BRUCE W. BABER (Pro Hac Vice Pending) [e-mail] 1185 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036-4003 Telephone: [phone] Facsimile: [phone] DONALD F. ZIMMER, JR. (SBN 112279) [e-mail] CHERYL A. SABNIS (SBN 224323) [e-mail] KING & SPALDING LLP 101 Second Street ­ Suite 2300 San Francisco, CA 94105 Telephone: [phone] Facsimile: [phone] ATTORNEYS FOR DEFENDANT GOOGLE INC.

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GOOGLE INC.'S ANSWER TO PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIMS CIVIL ACTION NO. CV 10-03561