United States of America v. Real Property and Improvements Located at 2366 San Pablo Avenue, Berkeley, California

Filing 124

Amended Discovery Order re: Dkt. Nos. 91, 115 (corrected error in caption - no substantive changes). Signed by Judge Maria-Elena James on 6/6/2014. (cdnS, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 6/6/2014)

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

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NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Case No. 13-cv-02027-JST (MEJ)

Plaintiff,
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AMENDED ORDER GRANTING
MOTION TO QUASH SUBPOENA

v.
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REAL PROPERTY AND
IMPROVEMENTS LOCATED AT 2366
SAN PABLO AVENUE, BERKELEY,
CALIFORNIA,

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United States District Court
Northern District of California

Re: Dkt. No. 91

Defendant.

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INTRODUCTION
By the present joint letter, Claimant Berkeley Patient’s Group (“BPG”) moves to quash a

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subpoena that was served by plaintiff United States (the “Government”) on the California State

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Board of Equalization (“BOE”). Jt. Ltr., Dkt. No. 91. For the reasons discussed below, the Court

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GRANTS BPG’s request.

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BACKGROUND
This is an in rem action for forfeiture of real property pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 881(a)(7).

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The United States alleges that since May 2012, BPG has operated a medicinal marijuana

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dispensary on the real property located at 2366 San Pablo Avenue, in Berkeley, California, in

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violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 846 and 856. Jt. Ltr., at 5. The United States commenced this action

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against the defendant real property on May 2, 2013. Id. Thereafter, BPG, filed claims asserting an

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interest in the property and contesting the forfeiture. Dkt. No. 12.

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On November 18, 2013, the Government issued a subpoena to the BOE seeking production

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of all records pertaining to BPG. Dkt. No. 69. On January 13, 2014, this Court quashed the

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subpoena because the Government failed to demonstrate a compelling need for the documents

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“without first exhausting other available discovery mechanisms to obtain the information it seeks

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in the tax records.” Order, Dkt. No. 75, at 2.

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Thereafter, the Government served a Request for Production (“RFP”) on BPG, seeking

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production of all tax documents, including tax returns, from January 1, 1999 to the present. Jt.

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Ltr., Ex. 2 at 3. BPG objected to the request on the basis of relevance, taxpayer privilege and right

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to privacy, public policy against disclosure of tax documents, and the Fifth Amendment. Id. at 4.

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The RFP also sought production of “all documents that reflect BPG’s cannabis-related sales at the

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defendant real property.” Id. at 6. BPG objected to the request on the basis of relevance, and on

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the grounds that the request violated the right to privacy of third parties, including the right to

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patient privacy under federal and state laws. Id. at 7. BPG also objected to this RFP based on the

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United States District Court
Northern District of California

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Fifth Amendment. Id.
Thereafter, on February 25, 2014, the Government served a third subpoena seeking

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production of “all records” pertaining to BPG. Id. at 3. On March 3, 2014, the BOE partially

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objected to the subpoena and advised that “it was prepared to produce documents ‘other than

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document related to the Board’s Offers in Compromise Program,’ unless it received a motion to

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quash” filed by BPG. Id. On March 13, 2014, BPG filed a motion to quash the subpoena. Id.

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The parties met and conferred on March 7, 2014. Id. At that session, BPG advised the

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Government that it would provide BPG’s total sales figures, but not its “marijuana sales” figures,

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if asked in interrogatory form. Id. BPG maintains that these figures would provide the same

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information as the Government seeks from the BOE, as the BOE does not break down a taxpayer’s

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sales figures into the types of products sold. Id., fn 2.

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DISCUSSION
The Government argues that it has demonstrated a compelling need for the tax returns

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because it cannot get the information it seeks from any other source, and thus the subpoena should

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not be quashed. Id. at 5. Specifically, the Government states that prior to serving the subpoena on

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the BOE, it attempted to get this information directly from BPG via three targeted RFPs seeking

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(1) “All documents that reflect marijuana (aka cannabis) related sales at the defendant real

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property”; (2) “All documents that reflect marijuana (aka cannabis) related purchases from

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‘vendors,’ customers, and patients by BPG at the defendant real property”; in addition to a focused
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request for BOE tax records related to the sales reported to BOE, which the Government believes

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will identify the products that BPG is authorized to sell. Id. The Government does not address

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BPG’s offer to provide alternate information via interrogatories, or whether the BOE records

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actually contain the more detailed information it seeks.

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BPG argues that even though it declined to produce any alternative documents, the

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subpoena should be quashed because it can supply the Government with the information it

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requires by providing BPG’s total sales figures if asked to do so in an interrogatory. Id. at 3. BPG

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further argues that the Government has not established that it could obtain BPG’s marijuana sales

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figures from their tax returns because it has not shown that BOE records contain a breakdown of

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United States District Court
Northern District of California

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the types of products a business sells. Id., fn 2.
“Tax returns do not enjoy an absolute privilege from discovery.” Premium Service Corp.

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v. Sperry & Hutchinson Co., 511 F.2d 225, 229 (9th Cir. 1975). Nevertheless, there is a public

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policy against the unnecessary public disclosure of tax records. Id. “Accordingly, the Court may

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only order the production of [a party’s] tax returns if they are relevant and when there is a

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compelling need for them because the information sought is not otherwise available.” Aliotti v.

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Vessel Senora, 217 F.R.D. 496, 497–98 (N.D. Cal. 2003). “The party seeking production [of the

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tax returns] ‘has the burden of showing relevancy, and once that burden is met, the burden shifts to

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the party opposing production to show that other sources exist from which the information is

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readily obtainable.’” A. Farber and Partners, Inc. v. Garber, 234 F.R.D. 186, 191 (C.D. Cal.

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2006) (quoting Hilt v. SFC, Inc., 170 F.R.D. 182, 189 (D. Kan. 1997)).

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Considering the parties’ arguments against this standard, the Court finds that even

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assuming the Government has made a sufficient showing that the documents are relevant, BPG

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has demonstrated that the information sought is readily available from another source. At the time

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of the joint letter, BPG averred that it was willing to provide its total sales figures at the defendant

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property if the Government served an interrogatory seeking that information. Jt. Ltr. at 3. BPG

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explained that it could not provide this information through the Government’s document requests

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due to several privilege issues, including the Fifth Amendment and the right to patient privacy. Id.

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at 4. Further, BPG maintains that its total sales figures will provide the same information as the
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tax records, which do not provide a breakdown of BPG’s sales by type. Id. at 3. Under these

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circumstances, the Court finds that the Government is again seeking tax documents relating to

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BPG without first exhausting other available discovery mechanisms to obtain the information it

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seeks in the tax records. The established public policy protecting tax records from unnecessary

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public disclosure requires the Government to utilize and exhaust other less intrusive discovery

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avenues before it is entitled to obtain the documents.
CONCLUSION

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Based on the analysis above, the Court GRANTS BPG’s request to quash the subpoena
served on the BOE at this juncture. The Court makes no finding as to whether the materials
sought in the subpoena are relevant, and this ruling does not preclude the Government from re-

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United States District Court
Northern District of California

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serving the subpoena at a later time if it cannot obtain the information from BPG through an

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interrogatory requesting BPG’s total and projected sales figures for the relevant time periods.

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IT IS SO ORDERED.

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Dated: June 6, 2014
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MARIA-ELENA JAMES
United States Magistrate Judge

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