Pacific Bell Telephone Company et al v. 88 Connection Corporation et al
Filing
17
ORDER granting plaintiffs' ex parte application for order authorizing alternative service of process. Signed by Judge Laurel Beeler on 3/14/2016. (lblc1S, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 3/14/2016)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
10
San Francisco Division
United States District Court
Northern District of California
11
PACIFIC BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY,
et al.,
12
Case No. 15-cv-04554-LB
Plaintiffs,
13
v.
14
15
88 CONNECTION CORPORATION, et al.,
Defendants.
16
ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFFS' EX
PARTE APPLICATION FOR ORDER
AUTHORIZING ALTERNATIVE
SERVICE OF PROCESS
Re: ECF No. 15
17
18
INTRODUCTION
19
The plaintiffs, Pacific Bell Telephone Company, et al. (“Pacific Bell”), sued the defendants, 88
20
Connection Corporation (“88 Connection”) and Gang Zhao, also known as Charlie Zhao (“Zhao”)
21
for violation of federal tariffs relating to long-distance telephone access charges. (Complaint, ECF
22
No. 1.1) Pacific Bell unsuccessfully tried to effect service on 88 Connection and Mr. Zhao on
23
numerous occasions. (Application, ECF No. 15 at 2-3.) Pacific Bell seeks to serve the defendants
24
by alternative methods including email, publication, and through the California Secretary of State.
25
(Id. at 5-8.) The court finds the matter suitable for determination without oral argument under
26
Civil Local Rule 7-1(b). The court grants Pacific Bell’s application to serve the defendants by
27
1
28
Citations are to the Electronic Case File (“ECF”); pin cites are to the ECF-generated page
numbers at the tops of documents.
ORDER (No. 15-cv-04554-LB)
1
email and through the Secretary of State because these methods are reasonably calculated to
2
apprise the parties of the pendency of the action, considering Pacific Bell’s inability to serve the
3
defendants personally.
STATEMENT
4
5
Pacific Bell filed the complaint on October 2, 2015, (Complaint, ECF No. 1.) and issued
6
summons on October 5, 2015. (Summons, ECF No. 7.) A substantial investigation conducted by
7
Pacific Bell’s in-house counsel ascertained the addresses listed on the summons for 88 Connection
8
and Mr. Zhao. (Selin Decl., ECF No. 15-1 at 2, ¶ 2.) Pacific Bell successfully served Mr. Zhao in a
9
debtor judgment proceeding before this court at his home address at 501 Beale St., Apt. 1C, San
Francisco, CA 94105, and Mr. Zhao appeared before the court in that matter on September 23,
11
United States District Court
Northern District of California
10
2015. (Id. at 2-3, ¶ 2.) Process servers also monitored the business address for 88 Connection at
12
2525 Van Ness Ave. #221, San Francisco, CA 94109, but determined that the corporation moved
13
out from that address in April 2015. (Id. at 3-5, ¶¶ 5, 6, 8-9; id. at 7.)
14
The effort of multiple professional process servers was unsuccessful throughout the period of
15
October 2015 to February 2016. (Id.) The servers attempted process on eighteen different days in
16
October 2015. (See id. at 10-11.) Except for one attempt on October 12, when a man claiming to
17
be Mr. Zhao’s nephew answered the door and said that Mr. Zhao was not at home, the server did
18
not observe anyone at the home address during all of October. (Id. at 10-12.) Pacific Bell
19
broadened their search for Mr. Zhao and attempted service at three additional addresses in San
20
Francisco on November 10, 2015, in addition to numerous additional attempts at the Beale St.
21
address. (Id. at 17.) The On November 19, 2015, the server spoke with a security guard at Mr.
22
Zhao’s home address, who told him that Mr. Zhao was “still paying rent” but that he had not seen
23
Mr. Zhao in three weeks. (Id. at 4, ¶ 6; id. at 17.) Many of the attempts to serve Mr. Zhao at his
24
Beale St. address in November were “stakeouts” where the process server waited for hours at a
25
time. (Id.) The servers made further attempts at service in December 2015 and January and
26
February 2016. (Id. at 22.) On February 24, 2016, a guard told the server that she had not seen Mr.
27
Zhao “in months.” (Id.)
28
Mr. Zhao admitted under oath in another proceeding to using two email addresses in
ORDER (No. 15-cv-04554-LB)
2
1
connection with 88 Connection: charliezhao88@gmail.com and Charlie@88card.com. (Id. at 31.)
2
Mr. Zhao admitted to using the latter of those two addresses primarily for his business. (Id.)
3
On February 25, 2016, Pacific Bell filed this ex parte application seeking an extension of the
4
period for service, a continuance of the initial case management conference, and alternative
5
methods of service, including by email, publication, and through the California Secretary of State.
6
(See Application, ECF No. 15.)
7
On February 29, 2016, the court granted a 90-day extension for service of summons and
8
complaint for good cause under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m) and continued the initial
9
case management conference to July 14, 2016. (Order, ECF No. 16.)
ANALYSIS
10
United States District Court
Northern District of California
11
Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(e), a plaintiff may serve an individual defendant
12
under any method permitted by the law of the state in which the district court is located or in
13
which service is affected. California law allows for five basic methods of service: 1) personal
14
delivery to the party, see Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 415.10; 2) delivery to someone else at the party’s
15
usual residence or place of business with mailing after (known as “substitute service”), see id. §
16
415.20; 3) service by mail with acknowledgment of receipt, see id. § 415.30; 4) service on persons
17
outside the state by certified or registered mail with a return receipt requested, see id. § 415.40;
18
and 5) service by publication, see id. § 415.50. Here, Pacific Bell tried to serve Mr. Zhao dozens
19
of times by a number of methods, including stakeouts and private investigation.
20
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(h)(1)(A) allows service of process to corporations and other
21
business entities in the same ways permitted by Rule 4(e), including all methods allowed by state
22
law. Under California law, a court may order that service be made on a corporation by hand-
23
delivery of process and the order authorizing such service to the Secretary of State. Cal. Corp.
24
Code § 1702(a). The plaintiff must show by affidavit that process against a domestic corporation
25
cannot be served with reasonable diligence pursuant to California Code of Civil Procedure §
26
416.10 and California Corporations Code § 1701. Id. The issue now is whether substitute service
27
to Mr. Zhao by email and/or publication and to 88 Connection by the Secretary of State is
28
appropriate.
ORDER (No. 15-cv-04554-LB)
3
1
California Code of Civil Procedure § 413.30 provides that a court “may direct that summons
2
be served in a manner which is reasonably calculated to give actual notice to the party served.” To
3
comport with due process, the method of service must be “reasonably calculated, under all the
4
circumstances, to apprise interested parties of the pendency of the action and afford them an
5
opportunity to present their objections.” Rio Props., Inc. v. Rio Intern. Interlink, 284 F.3d 1007,
6
1016 (9th Cir. 2002) (quoting Mullane v. Cent. Hanover Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306, 314
7
(1950)).
8
1. Email service
9
Courts have authorized service of process by email on domestic litigants in similar cases. In
Facebook, Inc. v. Banana Ads, LLC, the court authorized email service as a reasonably calculated
11
United States District Court
Northern District of California
10
method to effect service of process. 2012 WL 1038752, *3 (N.D. Cal. March 27, 2012). There, the
12
defendants were “involved in commercial internet activities, . . . registered internet domain names
13
. . . for commercial purposes, [and] rel[ied] on email as a means of communication.” Id. The
14
plaintiff there unsuccessfully attempted to “locate and contact [the defendants] by postal mail and
15
telephone.” Id. Under the circumstances, email service was “the best method for providing actual
16
notice to [the defendants].” Id.
17
In a similar case in which the defendant evaded service, the court also authorized email
18
service. See Aevoe Corp. v. Pace, Case C 11-3215, 2011 WL 3904133 at *2 (N.D. Cal September
19
6, 2011). In Aevoe, the plaintiff attempted to serve the defendant by personal service, certified
20
mail, emailing a cease-and-desist letter, calling the defendant on the phone, and hiring a private
21
investigator. Id. The court there found that, through these methods, the plaintiff “made reasonable
22
and diligent attempts to serve [the defendant] by both personal and substitute service.” Id.
23
Here, service by email is reasonably calculated to give actual notice to Mr. Zhao. Mr. Zhao
24
stated in a deposition that he uses the charliezhao88@gmail.com address for personal matters.
25
(Selin Decl. at 31.) Mr. Zhao also stated that he used the Charlie@88card.com address for
26
business matters. (Id.) Pacific Bell has, moreover, made reasonably diligent efforts to serve Mr.
27
Zhao by attempting personal service on many occasions, following leads at other addresses,
28
conducting stakeouts, and hiring a private investigator. (Id. at 3-5, ¶¶ 5-6, 8.) Methods of
ORDER (No. 15-cv-04554-LB)
4
1
attempted service used in other cases, such as certified mail, would not be effective here because
2
Pacific Bell determined through their investigation that Mr. Zhao was not physically present at his
3
home or business addresses. (See id. at 4, ¶¶ 8-9.) Because Mr. Zhao has acknowledged use of
4
these email addresses but continues to evade Pacific Bell’s efforts at service, email service is
5
reasonably calculated to give notice of the proceeding.
6
By running a free online search, the court determines that the internet domain 88card.com may
no longer be owned by Mr. Zhao. Because this puts into doubt the effectiveness of service sent to
8
one of the two email addresses Mr. Zhao admitted to using, the court orders Pacific Bell to serve
9
process to Mr. Zhao by email to a number of addresses found in the record of the judgment debtor
10
proceeding. Sending emails to multiple addresses does not increase the amount of effort necessary
11
United States District Court
Northern District of California
7
to effect service by email. Pacific Bell should serve Mr. Zhao by emailing the summons and
12
complaint to the following email addresses: charliezhao88@gmail.com; Charlie@88card.com;
13
charlie@fasttone.com; zhaogang@pacbell.net; and charles_zhao@hotmail.com.
14
2. Service by publication
15
Service by publication is acceptable under California law “only as a last resort.” Donel, Inc. v.
16
Badalian, 87 Cal. App. 3d 327, 333 (1978). It should occur only when “the party . . . cannot with
17
reasonable diligence be served in another manner . . . .” Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 415.50(a). Because
18
the court is permitting service by email, service to Mr. Zhao by publication is not necessary here.
19
3. Service through Secretary of State
20
Pacific Bell seeks to serve 88 Connection through the California Secretary of State. The court
21
finds that Pacific Bell has asserted reasonable diligence in trying to give 88 Connection actual
22
notice of the pendency of the action. California Corporations Code § 1702(a) requires an affidavit
23
stating that the corporation cannot be served with reasonable diligence. Pacific Bell fulfilled this
24
requirement. Similar to their attempts to serve Mr. Zhao in his individual capacity, Pacific Bell
25
conducted stakeouts, attempted personal service at the business address on record, and followed
26
leads by their private investigator to find Mr. Zhao, who is the sole agent on record with the
27
Secretary of State’s business registration for 88 Connection. (Selin Decl., Exh. E at 27.) Pacific
28
Bell may serve 88 Connection by hand-delivering the summons and complaint and a copy of this
ORDER (No. 15-cv-04554-LB)
5
1
order to the California Secretary of State. See Cal. Corp. Code § 1702(a). “Service in this manner
2
is deemed complete on the 10th day after delivery of the process to the Secretary of State.” Id.
CONCLUSION
3
4
The court grants Pacific Bell’s application for alternative service of process by email and
5
through the Secretary of State. Pacific Bell may use the five email addresses listed above to serve
6
process on Mr. Zhao in his individual capacity and serve process on 88 Connection through the
7
California Secretary of State.
8
IT IS SO ORDERED.
9
Dated: March 14, 2016
10
______________________________________
LAUREL BEELER
United States Magistrate Judge
United States District Court
Northern District of California
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
ORDER (No. 15-cv-04554-LB)
6
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.
Why Is My Information Online?