In re HIV Antitrust Litigation

Filing 1898

ORDER re Verdict Form. See Docket Nos. #1890 , #1891 . Signed by Judge Edward M. Chen on 5/24/2023. (emclc2, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 5/24/2023)

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

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NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

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IN RE HIV ANTITRUST LITIGATION.

Case No. 19-cv-02573-EMC

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ORDER RE VERDICT FORM

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Docket Nos. 1890-91

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United States District Court
Northern District of California

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The Court has received and reviewed the parties’ comments regarding the verdict form.

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The Court rejects Defendants’ proposal that the Court include an interrogatory asking the

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jury to specify the dates when generic versions of Truvada and Atripla would have launched.
The Court also rejects Plaintiffs’ proposal that the Court should revert back to just one
question on an antitrust violation.
Plaintiffs’ argument that the Court should have only one question for the first step of the

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rule of reason arguably presents a closer call. However, the first step of the rule of reason has the

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most instructions, and it will likely help the jury to call its attention back to the component parts of

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the first step. That there may be some overlap between market power and reverse payment does

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not mean that there should not be separate questions. The Court also keeps the market power

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question first and the reverse payment question second. In addition, the Court continues to use

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“within the relevant market(s)” for the market power question because, as the Court has held, the

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issue is whether there are significant anticompetitive effects within the relevant market.

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As to Plaintiffs’ proposal that the question on step three of the rule of reason be modified –
i.e., that the procompetitive effects claimed by defendants were pretextual or otherwise

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insufficient, see Epic Games, Inc. v. Apple, Inc., Nos. 21-16506, 21-16695, 2023 U.S. App. LEXIS

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9775, at *58 (9th Cir. Apr. 24, 2023) (stating that “[a] procompetitive rationale is ‘a [1]

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nonpretextual claim that [the defendant's] conduct is [2] indeed a form of competition on the

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merits because it involves, for example, greater efficiency or enhanced consumer appeal’”)

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(brackets in original), the Court agrees in principle that there should be a modification. However,

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the Court shall reframe the question so that it hews to the language used in the jury instructions

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(i.e., using the term “rebut”). The Court shall revise Question 4 so that it reads as follows:

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4.

At step three of the rule of reason, did the plaintiffs do at least one of the following:

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(a)

rebut the procompetitive effects claimed by the defendants;

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(b)

prove that the procompetitive effects claimed by the defendants could have
been reasonably achieved in a substantially less restrictive manner; or

United States District Court
Northern District of California

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(c)

prove that the anticompetitive effects of the defendants’ conduct

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substantially outweighed the procompetitive benefits claimed by the

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defendants.

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Finally, the Court rejects Plaintiffs’ suggestion that Question 5 be modified because the
language of “causation” should be incorporated.

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IT IS SO ORDERED.

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Dated: May 24, 2023

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______________________________________
EDWARD M. CHEN
United States District Judge

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COURT’S PROPOSED VERDICT FORM

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Element (1): Anticompetitive Conduct

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1.

At step one of the rule of reason, did the plaintiffs prove that Gilead had market power

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within the relevant market(s) that included Truvada and/or Atripla?

6

a.

Truvada

Yes _______

No _______

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b.

Atripla

Yes _______

No _______

8

If you answered “yes” to either of the above, proceed to Question 2. If you answered

9

“no” to both of the above, skip the remaining questions, and sign and date the form.

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United States District Court
Northern District of California

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2.

At step one of the rule of reason, did the plaintiffs prove that the April 25, 2014, patent

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settlement agreement between Gilead and Teva included a “reverse payment” from Gilead

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to Teva so that Teva would delay its entry into the market and Gilead could thereby avoid

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the risk of generic competition?

15

Yes _______

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If you answered “yes” to the above, proceed to Question 3. If you answered “no,” skip

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the remaining questions, and sign and date the form.

No _______

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3.

At step two of the rule of reason, did the defendants come forward with evidence that their

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conduct had procompetitive effects?

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Yes _______

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If you answered “yes” to the above, proceed to Question 4. If you answered “no,” skip

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Question 4 and proceed to Question 5.

No _______

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4.

At step three of the rule of reason, did the plaintiffs do at least one of the following:

26

(a)

rebut the procompetitive effects claimed by the defendants;

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(b)

prove that the procompetitive effects claimed by the defendants could have been

28

reasonably achieved in a substantially less restrictive manner; or
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(c)

1

prove that the anticompetitive effects of the defendants’ conduct substantially
outweighed the procompetitive benefits claimed by the defendants.

2
3

Yes _______

No _______

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If you answered “yes” to the above, proceed to Question 5. If you answered “no,” skip

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the remaining questions, and sign and date the form.

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Element (2): Antitrust Injury

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5.

United States District Court
Northern District of California

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Did the plaintiffs prove that the defendants’ conduct caused entry of generic Truvada or
generic Atripla to be delayed, thereby causing any one or more of the below plaintiffs to

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pay some amount more for the drug than they would have paid if generic entry had not

11

been delayed?

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a.

Direct Purchaser Classes (DPPs)

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Truvada

Yes _______

No _______

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Atripla

Yes _______

No _______

15
16

b.

Walgreen (Retailer)

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Truvada

Yes _______

No _______

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Atripla

Yes _______

No _______

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c.

Kroger (Retailer)

21

Truvada

Yes _______

No _______

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Atripla

Yes _______

No _______

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24

d.

HEB (Retailer)

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Truvada

Yes _______

No _______

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Atripla

Yes _______

No _______

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e.

Albertsons (Retailer)
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1

Truvada

Yes _______

No _______

2

Atripla

Yes _______

No _______

3
4

f.

CVS Pharmacy (Retailer)

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Truvada

Yes _______

No _______

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Atripla

Yes _______

No _______

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8

g.

Rite Aid (Retailer)

9

Truvada

Yes _______

No _______

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Atripla

Yes _______

No _______

United States District Court
Northern District of California

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12

h.

United

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Truvada

Yes _______

No _______

14

Atripla

Yes _______

No _______

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i.

End-Payor Purchaser Classes (EPPs)

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Truvada

Yes _______

No _______

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Atripla

Yes _______

No _______

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j.

Florida Blue (IHPP)

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Truvada

Yes _______

No _______

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Atripla

Yes _______

No _______

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k.

Centene (IHPP)

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Truvada

Yes _______

No _______

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Atripla

Yes _______

No _______

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l.

HCSC (IHPP)
5

1

Truvada

Yes _______

No _______

2

Atripla

Yes _______

No _______

3
m.

4

Triple-S Salud (IHPP)

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Truvada

Yes _______

No _______

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Atripla

Yes _______

No _______

7
n.

8

Kaiser (IHPP)

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Truvada

Yes _______

No _______

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Atripla

Yes _______

No _______

United States District Court
Northern District of California

11
o.

12

Blue KC (IHPP)

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Truvada

Yes _______

No _______

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Atripla

Yes _______

No _______

15
p.

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Humana (IHPP)

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Truvada

Yes _______

No _______

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Atripla

Yes _______

No _______

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If you answered “yes” to one or more of the above, then for those plaintiffs/drugs for

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which you answered “yes” proceed to Question 6 below. If you answered “no” for all the

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plaintiffs and all the drugs above, skip the remaining questions, and sign and date the

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form.

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6.

Please indicate the amount of overcharges for those plaintiffs/drugs for which you

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answered “yes” above. Do not fill in the below for any plaintiffs/drugs that you answered

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“no” to above.

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a.

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Direct Purchaser Classes (DPPs)
Truvada

$____________________
6

Atripla

1

$____________________

2
3

b.

Walgreen (Retailer)

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Truvada

$____________________

5

Atripla

$____________________

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7

c.

Kroger (Retailer)

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Truvada

$____________________

9

Atripla

$____________________

10

United States District Court
Northern District of California

11

d.

HEB (Retailer)

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Truvada

$____________________

13

Atripla

$____________________

14
15

e.

Albertsons (Retailer)

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Truvada

$____________________

17

Atripla

$____________________

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f.

CVS Pharmacy (Retailer)

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Truvada

$____________________

21

Atripla

$____________________

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g.

Rite Aid (Retailer)

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Truvada

$____________________

25

Atripla

$____________________

26
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h.

United
Truvada

$____________________
7

Atripla

1

$____________________

2
3

i.

End-Payor Purchaser Classes (EPPs)

United States District Court
Northern District of California

4

Truvada

Atripla

5

Alabama

$____________________

$____________________

6

Arizona

$____________________

$____________________

7

California

$____________________

$____________________

8

Connecticut

$____________________

$____________________

9

District of Columbia $____________________

$____________________

10

Florida

$____________________

$____________________

11

Hawaii

$____________________

$____________________

12

Iowa

$____________________

$____________________

13

Kansas

$____________________

$____________________

14

Maine

$____________________

$____________________

15

Maryland

$____________________

$____________________

16

Massachusetts

$____________________

$____________________

17

Michigan

$____________________

$____________________

18

Minnesota

$____________________

$____________________

19

Mississippi

$____________________

$____________________

20

Missouri

$____________________

$____________________

21

Nebraska

$____________________

$____________________

22

Nevada

$____________________

$____________________

23

New Hampshire

$____________________

$____________________

24

New Mexico

$____________________

$____________________

25

New York

$____________________

$____________________

26

North Carolina

$____________________

$____________________

27

North Dakota

$____________________

$____________________

28

Oregon

$____________________

$____________________

8

1

Rhode Island

$____________________

$____________________

2

South Dakota

$____________________

$____________________

3

Tennessee

$____________________

$____________________

4

Utah

$____________________

$____________________

5

Vermont

$____________________

$____________________

6

West Virginia

$____________________

$____________________

7

Wisconsin

$____________________

$____________________

$____________________

$____________________

Truvada

Atripla

TOTAL:

8
9
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j.

Florida Blue (IHPP)

United States District Court
Northern District of California

11
12

Alabama

$____________________

$____________________

13

Arizona

$____________________

$____________________

14

California

$____________________

$____________________

15

Connecticut

$____________________

$____________________

16

District of Columbia $____________________

N/A

17

Florida

$____________________

$____________________

18

Hawaii

$____________________

N/A

19

Illinois

$____________________

$____________________

20

Iowa

$____________________

$____________________

21

Kansas

$____________________

N/A

22

Louisiana

$____________________

$____________________

23

Maine

$____________________

$____________________

24

Maryland

$____________________

N/A

25

Massachusetts

$____________________

N/A

26

Michigan

$____________________

$____________________

27

Minnesota

$____________________

N/A

28

Mississippi

$____________________

N/A

9

United States District Court
Northern District of California

1

Missouri

$____________________

N/A

2

Montana

N/A

$____________________

3

Nebraska

$____________________

$____________________

4

Nevada

$____________________

$____________________

5

New Hampshire

$____________________

N/A

6

New Mexico

$____________________

N/A

7

New York

$____________________

$____________________

8

North Carolina

$____________________

$____________________

9

Oregon

$____________________

N/A

10

Rhode Island

$____________________

N/A

11

South Carolina

$____________________

$____________________

12

South Dakota

$____________________

N/A

13

Tennessee

$____________________

$____________________

14

Utah

$____________________

N/A

15

Vermont

$____________________

N/A

16

Wisconsin

$____________________

$____________________

$____________________

$____________________

Truvada

Atripla

TOTAL:

17
18
19

k.

Centene (IHPP)

20
21

Alabama

$____________________

$____________________

22

Arizona

$____________________

$____________________

23

California

$____________________

$____________________

24

Connecticut

$____________________

$____________________

25

District of Columbia $____________________

$____________________

26

Florida

$____________________

$____________________

27

Hawaii

$____________________

$____________________

28

Illinois

$____________________

$____________________

10

United States District Court
Northern District of California

1

Iowa

$____________________

$____________________

2

Kansas

$____________________

$____________________

3

Louisiana

$____________________

$____________________

4

Maine

$____________________

$____________________

5

Maryland

$____________________

$____________________

6

Michigan

$____________________

$____________________

7

Minnesota

$____________________

$____________________

8

Mississippi

$____________________

$____________________

9

Missouri

$____________________

$____________________

10

Montana

$____________________

$____________________

11

Nebraska

$____________________

$____________________

12

Nevada

$____________________

$____________________

13

New Hampshire

$____________________

$____________________

14

New Mexico

$____________________

$____________________

15

New York

$____________________

$____________________

16

North Carolina

$____________________

$____________________

17

North Dakota

$____________________

$____________________

18

Oregon

$____________________

$____________________

19

Rhode Island

$____________________

$____________________

20

South Carolina

$____________________

$____________________

21

South Dakota

$____________________

N/A

22

Tennessee

$____________________

$____________________

23

Utah

$____________________

$____________________

24

Vermont

$____________________

$____________________

25

West Virginia

$____________________

$____________________

26

Wisconsin

$____________________

$____________________

$____________________

$____________________

27

TOTAL:

28
11

1

l.

HCSC (IHPP)

United States District Court
Northern District of California

2

Truvada

Atripla

3

Alabama

$____________________

$____________________

4

Arizona

$____________________

$____________________

5

California

$____________________

$____________________

6

Connecticut

$____________________

N/A

7

District of Columbia $____________________

$____________________

8

Florida

$____________________

$____________________

9

Hawaii

$____________________

$____________________

10

Illinois

$____________________

$____________________

11

Iowa

$____________________

$____________________

12

Kansas

$____________________

$____________________

13

Louisiana

$____________________

$____________________

14

Maine

$____________________

$____________________

15

Maryland

$____________________

$____________________

16

Massachusetts

$____________________

N/A

17

Michigan

$____________________

$____________________

18

Minnesota

$____________________

$____________________

19

Mississippi

$____________________

$____________________

20

Missouri

$____________________

$____________________

21

Montana

$____________________

$____________________

22

Nebraska

$____________________

$____________________

23

Nevada

$____________________

$____________________

24

New Hampshire

$____________________

N/A

25

New Mexico

$____________________

$____________________

26

New York

$____________________

$____________________

27

North Carolina

$____________________

$____________________

28

North Dakota

$____________________

N/A

12

1

Oregon

$____________________

$____________________

2

Rhode Island

$____________________

$____________________

3

South Carolina

$____________________

$____________________

4

South Dakota

$____________________

$____________________

5

Tennessee

$____________________

$____________________

6

Utah

$____________________

$____________________

7

Vermont

$____________________

N/A

8

West Virginia

$____________________

$____________________

9

Wisconsin

$____________________

$____________________

$____________________

$____________________

TOTAL:

10

United States District Court
Northern District of California

11
12

m.

Triple-S Salud (IHPP)

13

Truvada

Atripla

14

Connecticut

$____________________

N/A

15

Illinois

$____________________

N/A

16

New York

$____________________

N/A

17

North Carolina

$____________________

N/A

$____________________

N/A

Truvada

Atripla

TOTAL:

18
19
20

n.

Kaiser (IHPP)

21
22

California

$____________________

$____________________

23

District of Columbia $____________________

$____________________

24

Hawaii

$____________________

$____________________

25

Maryland

$____________________

$____________________

26

Oregon

$____________________

$____________________

$____________________

$____________________

27

TOTAL:

28
13

1

o.

Blue KC (IHPP)

United States District Court
Northern District of California

2

Truvada

Atripla

3

Alabama

$____________________

$____________________

4

Arizona

$____________________

$____________________

5

California

$____________________

$____________________

6

Connecticut

$____________________

N/A

7

District of Columbia $____________________

N/A

8

Florida

$____________________

$____________________

9

Hawaii

$____________________

N/A

10

Illinois

$____________________

$____________________

11

Iowa

$____________________

N/A

12

Kansas

$____________________

$____________________

13

Louisiana

$____________________

N/A

14

Maryland

$____________________

N/A

15

Massachusetts

$____________________

N/A

16

Michigan

$____________________

N/A

17

Minnesota

$____________________

N/A

18

Missouri

$____________________

$____________________

19

Nebraska

$____________________

N/A

20

Nevada

$____________________

$____________________

21

New York

$____________________

N/A

22

North Carolina

$____________________

N/A

23

Oregon

$____________________

N/A

24

South Carolina

$____________________

N/A

25

Tennessee

$____________________

$____________________

26

Utah

$____________________

N/A

27

Wisconsin

$____________________

N/A

$____________________

$____________________

28

TOTAL:

14

1
2

p.

Humana (IHPP)

United States District Court
Northern District of California

3

Truvada

Atripla

4

Alabama

$____________________

$____________________

5

Arizona

$____________________

$____________________

6

California

$____________________

$____________________

7

Connecticut

$____________________

$____________________

8

District of Columbia $____________________

$____________________

9

Florida

$____________________

$____________________

10

Hawaii

$____________________

$____________________

11

Illinois

$____________________

$____________________

12

Iowa

$____________________

$____________________

13

Kansas

$____________________

$____________________

14

Louisiana

$____________________

$____________________

15

Maine

$____________________

$____________________

16

Maryland

$____________________

$____________________

17

Michigan

$____________________

$____________________

18

Minnesota

$____________________

$____________________

19

Mississippi

$____________________

$____________________

20

Missouri

$____________________

$____________________

21

Montana

$____________________

$____________________

22

Nebraska

$____________________

$____________________

23

Nevada

$____________________

$____________________

24

New Hampshire

$____________________

$____________________

25

New Mexico

$____________________

$____________________

26

New York

$____________________

$____________________

27

North Carolina

$____________________

$____________________

28

North Dakota

$____________________

$____________________

15

1

Oregon

$____________________

$____________________

2

Rhode Island

$____________________

$____________________

3

South Carolina

$____________________

$____________________

4

South Dakota

$____________________

$____________________

5

Tennessee

$____________________

$____________________

6

Utah

$____________________

$____________________

7

Vermont

$____________________

$____________________

8

West Virginia

$____________________

$____________________

9

Wisconsin

$____________________

$____________________

$____________________

$____________________

TOTAL:

10

Proceed to Question 7 below.

United States District Court
Northern District of California

11
12
13

7.

Was the defendants’ antitrust violation(s) that you found flagrant?

14

Yes _______

No _______

15

Proceed to Question 8 below.

16
17

8.

Was the defendants’ antitrust violation(s) that you found willful?

18

Yes _______

No _______

19

Please sign and date the form.

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_________________________
Presiding Juror

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24

_________________________
Date

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