McKeen-Chaplin v. Franklin American Mortgage Company
Filing
52
ORDER by Judge ARMSTRONG denying 13 Motion to Dismiss; denying 26 Motion to Dismiss (lrc, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 9/13/2011)
1
2
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
3
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
4
OAKLAND DIVISION
5
6 GINA MCKEEN-CHAPLIN, individually
and on behalf of herself and all others
7 similarly situated,
Case No: C 10-5243 SBA
ORDER DENYING DEFENDANT’S
MOTION TO DISMISS
Plaintiff,
8
Docket 13, 26
vs.
9
10 FRANKLIN AMERICAN MORTGAGE
COMPANY and DOES 1-50, inclusive
11
Defendants.
12
13
Plaintiff Gina McKeen-Chaplin, individually, and on behalf of those similarly
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
situated, brings the instant action against Defendant Franklin American Mortgage Company
(“Defendant”), asserting, inter alia, a claim under the Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”),
29 U.S.C. § 207. The parties are presently before the Court on Defendant’s motion to
dismiss, pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). Dkt. 13, 26.1 Having read
and considered the papers filed in connection with this matter and being fully informed, for
the reasons set forth below, the Court hereby DENIES the motion. The Court, in its
discretion, finds this matter suitable for resolution without oral argument. See Fed. R. Civ.
P. 78(b); N.D. Cal. L.R. 7-1(b).
I.
BACKGROUND
Defendant is a mortgage company which employs mortgage underwriters who
review the mortgage loan applications to ensure that they meet the Defendant’s policies and
guidelines. Dkt. 24, ¶¶ 1, 5, 15. Defendant has office locations in California, Tennessee,
27
1
28
Docket 13 is Defendant’s motion to dismiss the original complaint. As the FAC
supersedes that pleading, Docket 13 is moot and should be terminated as such by the Clerk.
1
Texas and Massachusetts. Id. ¶ 12. From February 2009 through October 2010, Plaintiff
2
worked for Defendant as a mortgage underwriter in its Concord, California office. Id. ¶¶ 5,
3
14. Prior to January 2010, Defendant classified Plaintiff, as well as other similarly situated
4
mortgage underwriters, as “exempt,” and failed her to pay her overtime wages. Id. ¶¶ 5, 14.
5
In or about January 2010, Defendant reclassified Plaintiff and other mortgage underwriters
6
to non-exempt and began paying overtime. Id. ¶¶ 5, 14, 15.
7
On November 18, 2010, Plaintiff commenced the instant action in this Court, and
8
thereafter filed a First Amended Complaint (“FAC”) on January 12, 2011. Dkt. 1, 24. The
9
FAC alleges the following claims against Defendant: (1) failure to pay overtime in
10
violation of the FLSA, 29 U.S.C. § 201; (2) failure to pay overtime in violation of
11
California Labor Code §§ 510, 1194 and 1198; (3) failure to pay waiting time penalties in
12
violation of California Labor Code §§ 201, 202, 203; (4) failure to provide itemized wage
13
statements in violation of California Labor Code §§ 226; (5) failure to provide and/or
14
authorize meal and rest periods in violation of California Labor Code § 226.7; and
15
(6) violation of California’s Unfair Competition Law, Cal. and Bus. and Prof. Code
16
§ 17200. Id. With regard to the collective action claim under the FLSA, Plaintiff alleges
17
that the collective action members consists of all persons employed by Defendant as
18
mortgage underwriters within the United States at any time within three years before the
19
filing of the action until the January 2010 reclassification. Id. ¶ 25. The class for state law
20
purposes consists of all persons employed by Defendant in California at any time within
21
four years before the filing of the action until the January 2010 reclassification. Id. ¶ 30.
22
Defendant now moves to dismiss the FAC for failure to state a claim under Rule
23
12(b)(6). Plaintiff subsequently filed a motion for conditional class certification of her
24
FLSA collective action claim, wherein she requested that the Court certify the collective
25
and authorize her to distribute judicial notice to potential members of the collective so that
26
they could opt-in to the action. Dkt. 34. On June 17, 2011, the Court issued an Order
27
Holding Motion in Abeyance pending resolution of the instant motion. Dkt. 50. The
28
motion to dismiss has been fully briefed and is now ripe for adjudication.
-2-
1
II.
2
LEGAL STANDARDS
A complaint may be dismissed under Rule 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim if the
3
plaintiff fails to state a cognizable legal theory, or has not alleged sufficient facts to support
4
a cognizable legal theory. Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 699 (9th Cir.
5
1990). Under Rule 8(a)(2), a complaint must contain a “short and plain statement of the
6
claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 8(a)(2). The complaint
7
must “give the defendant fair notice of what the claim is and the grounds upon which it
8
rests.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007) (internal quotations omitted).
9
While a complaint need not allege detailed factual allegations, it “must contain sufficient
10
factual matter, accepted as true, to “‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’”
11
Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 1949 (2009) (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555, 557).
12
On a motion to dismiss, the Court is to “accept as true all well-pleaded allegations of
13
material fact, and construe[s] them in the light most favorable to the non-moving party.”
14
Daniels-Hall v. Nat’l Educ. Ass’n, 629 F.3d 992, 998 (9th Cir. 2010). Although a court
15
generally is confined to the pleadings on a motion to dismiss, “[a] court may, however,
16
consider certain materials—documents attached to the complaint, documents incorporated
17
by reference in the complaint, or matters of judicial notice—without converting the motion
18
to dismiss into a motion for summary judgment.” United States v. Ritchie, 342 F.3d 903,
19
908 (9th Cir. 2003). “If a complaint is dismissed for failure to state a claim, leave to amend
20
should be granted unless the court determines that the allegation of other facts consistent
21
with the challenged pleading could not possibly cure the deficiency.” Schreiber Distrib.
22
Co. v. Serv-Well Furniture Co., Inc., 806 F.2d 1393, 1401 (9th Cir. 1986).
23
III.
24
DISCUSSION
The FLSA was enacted “to protect all covered workers from substandard wages and
25
oppressive working hours.” Barrentine v. Arkansas-Best Freight System, Inc., 450 U.S.
26
728, 739 (1981). The Act regulates minimum wage, overtime pay, equal pay, and child
27
labor, and prohibits employers from retaliating against employees who exercise their rights
28
under the Act. Section 7 of the FLSA provides that no employer “shall employ any of his
-3-
1
employees who in a workweek is engaged in commerce . . . or is employed in an enterprise
2
engaged in commerce . . . for a workweek longer than forty hours unless such employee
3
receives compensation” for hours worked beyond the forty hour floor “at a rate not less
4
than one and one half times” the rate at which he or she is regularly employed. 29 U.S.C.
5
§ 207(a)(1). California law provides similar protections. See Armenta v. Osmose, Inc.,
6
135 Cal.App.4th 314, 324 (2005) (“California courts have long recognized that California’s
7
wage laws are patterned on federal statutes . . . .”).
8
9
To establish a claim for failure to pay overtime under the FLSA, the plaintiff must
aver that: “(1) defendant was plaintiff’s employer; (2) plaintiff worked more than forty
10
hours in a week; and (3) plaintiff did not receive compensation for his employment in
11
excess of the forty hours.” Acho v. Cort, No. C 09-00157 MHP, 2009 WL 3562472, at *2
12
(N.D. Cal. Oct. 27, 2009). In her FAC, Plaintiff properly alleges that Defendant was her
13
employer, that she worked in its Concord, California office from February 2009 through
14
October 2010, and specific examples where she worked more than forty hours per week but
15
did not receive overtime compensation. Id. ¶¶ 5, 15, 16, 18-21. These allegations are
16
sufficient to afford the Defendant with fair notice of the claims being alleged against it.
17
See Toy v. TriWire Eng’g Solutions, Inc., No. C 10-1929 SI, 2011 WL 221832, at *3 (N.D.
18
Cal. Jan. 24, 2011) (finding plaintiff’s examples of defendant’s wage and hour violations
19
were sufficient to a survive motion to dismiss).
20
Finally, Defendant contends that Plaintiff should not be allowed to proceed on a
21
claim for injunctive relief because the prayer to the FAC seeks equitable, as opposed to
22
injunctive, relief. Def.’s Mot. at 7. This argument elevates form over substance, as an
23
injunction is a form of equitable relief. See S.E.C. v. Ross, 504 F.3d 1130, 1133 (9th Cir.
24
2007). In any event, Plaintiff expressly requests “injunctive relief” in her FAC. See FAC
25
¶ 4. The Court also is not persuaded by Defendant’s ancillary argument that injunctive
26
relief is unnecessary in light of Defendant’s decision to reclassify mortgage underwriters as
27
hourly employees. Def.’s Mot. at 7. Though Defendant contends that “there is no
28
-4-
1
reasonable probability” that the acts underlying the instant action will be repeated, the
2
Court finds that it is premature to make such a determination at the pleading stage.
3
IV.
CONCLUSION
4
For the reasons set forth above,
5
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT:
6
1.
Defendant’s motion to dismiss is DENIED.
7
2.
This Order terminates Docket 13 and 26.
8
IT IS SO ORDERED.
9
Dated: September 12, 2011
______________________________
SAUNDRA BROWN ARMSTRONG
United States District Judge
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
-5-
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.
Why Is My Information Online?