Digital Envoy Inc., v. Google Inc.,

Filing 6

Digital Envoy Inc., v. Google Inc.,

Doc. 6

Case 5:04-cv-01497-RS

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1 P. CRAIG CARDON, Cal. Bar No. 168646 3 Four Embarcadero Center, 17th Floor 4 Telephone: 5

2 KENDALL M. BURTON, Cal. Bar No. 228720
San Francisco, California 94111-4106 415-434-9100 Facsimile: 415-434-3947

BRIAN R. BLACKMAN, Cal. Bar No. 196996

SHEPPARD, MULLIN, RICHTER & HAMPTON LLP

6 TIMOTHY H. KRATZ (Pro Hac Vice To Be Applied For) 7 MCGUIRE WOODS, L.L.P 8 Atlanta, Georgia 30309 9 Facsimile: 404.443.5751 11 12 13 14 GOOGLE, INC., 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
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LUKE ANDERSON (Pro Hac Vice To Be Applied For) 1170 Peachtree Street, N.E., Suite 2100 Telephone: [phone]

10 Attorneys for DIGITAL ENVOY, INC.
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA SAN JOSE DIVISION Case No. C 04 01497 VRW (RS) Plaintiff, v. ANSWER AND COUNTERCLAIMS OF DIGITAL ENVOY, INC. [DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL]

17 DIGITAL ENVOY, INC.,
Defendant. DIGITAL ENVOY, INC., Counterclaimant, v. GOOGLE, INC., Counterdefendant.

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Digital Envoy, Inc. ("Digital Envoy") answers the complaint filed by Google, Inc.

2 ("Google") as follows:
1. In response to paragraph 1 of the Complaint, Digital Envoy states that the first two

4 sentences of the paragraph describe Google's requested relief and do not require a response except 5 that Digital Envoy denies Google is entitled to any relief. Digital Envoy denies the allegations 6
contained in the third and final sentence of the paragraph. 2.

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Digital Envoy admits the allegations contained in paragraph 2 of the Complaint on

information and belief. 3. 4. Digital Envoy admits the allegations contained in paragraph 3 of the Complaint. In response to paragraph 4 of the Complaint, Digital Envoy admits there is

diversity jurisdiction, but states that the Court should decline jurisdiction in light of the earlier filed action between the same parties addressing the same operative facts. 5. In response to paragraph 5 of the Complaint, Digital Envoy admits the allegations

contained in first sentence of the paragraph and denies the second sentence. Accordingly, Digital Envoy admits that this District is an appropriate venue for this action. 6. In response to paragraph 6 of the Complaint, Digital Envoy denies the description

of Google's business is comprehensive of all of the businesses of Google, but otherwise admits the allegations contained in this paragraph. 7. In response to paragraph 7 of the Complaint, Digital Envoy denies that there are

several companies offering technology capable of providing the information provided by Digital Envoy. Digital Envoy further denies the implication that Digital Envoy's technology only provides the geographic information noted or that the information only can be used to tailor content of websites, to the extent such allegations are implied by this paragraph. Digital Envoy otherwise admits the allegations contained in this paragraph. 8. In response to paragraph 8 of the Complaint, Digital Envoy denies Google's

characterization of the Contract contained in the first sentence and accordingly denies the

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1 allegations contained in the first sentence. Digital Envoy admits the allegations contained in 2 second sentence of this paragraph. 3
9. In response to paragraph 9 of the Complaint, Digital Envoy denies Google's

4 characterization of the Contract contained in the first sentence and accordingly denies the 5 allegations contained in the first sentence. In response to the second sentence, Digital Envoy 6 admits that Google's monthly payments to Digital Envoy under the Contract were originally 7 $3,000 and by amendment was raised to $8,000. 8 10
10. In response to paragraph 10 of the Complaint, Digital Envoy denies Google's

9 characterization of the Contract and accordingly denies the allegations contained in this paragraph.
11. In response to paragraph 11 of the Complaint, Digital Envoy admits that Google

11 has met its payment obligations under the Contract, but otherwise denies the allegations contained 12 in this paragraph. 13 14 15 16 18 20 21
12. 13. 14. 15. Digital Envoy denies the allegations contained in paragraph 12 of the Complaint. Digital Envoy denies the allegations contained in paragraph 13 of the Complaint. Digital Envoy denies the allegations contained in paragraph 14 of the Complaint. Digital Envoy denies the allegations contained in paragraph 15 of the Complaint,

17 except that it admits filing a lawsuit against Google on March 29, 2004.
16. In response to paragraph 16 of the Complaint, Digital Envoy incorporates its

19 responses to paragraphs 1 through 15 of the Complaint.
17. 18. Digital Envoy admits the allegations contained in paragraph 17 of the Complaint. In response to paragraph 18 of the Complaint, Digital Envoy admits that Google

22 has met its payment obligations under the Contract, but otherwise denies the allegations contained 23 in this paragraph. 24 25 26 28
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19. 20. 21.

Digital Envoy denies the allegations contained in paragraph 19 of the Complaint. Digital Envoy denies the allegations contained in paragraph 20 of the Complaint. In response to paragraph 21 of the Complaint, Digital Envoy incorporates its

27 responses to paragraphs 1 through 20 of the Complaint. -3ANSWER AND COUNTERCLAIM JURY TRIAL DEMAND Case No. C 04 01497 RS

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22.

In response to paragraph 22 of the Complaint, Digital Envoy denies the allegations

2 contained in the first two sentences of the paragraph and admits the allegations contained in the 3 last two sentences. 4
23. In response to paragraph 23 of the Complaint, Digital Envoy states that the

5 paragraph describes Google's requested relief and does not require a response except that Digital 6 Envoy denied Google is entitled to any relief. 7 8 10
24. AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES First Affirmative Defense Some or all of plaintiff's claims for relief fail to state a

9 claim upon which relief can be granted.
25. Second Affirmative Defense: Under the comity doctrine, this Court should defer

11 to the jurisdiction of the Northern Distric t of Georgia where the issues raised in the complaint are 12 properly before that district in an earlier filed civil action. Accordingly, this action should be 13 dismissed or stayed, pending determination ruling by the Northern District of Georgia on Google's 14 venue motion. 15 17 19 21 23 25 26
31. 26. Third Affirmative Defense: Some or all of plaintiff's claims for relief are barred

16 by waiver.
27. Fourth Affirmative Defense: Some or all of plaintiff's claims for relief are barred

18 by estoppel.
28. Fifth Affirmative Defense: Some or all of plaintiff's claims for relief are barred

20 by laches.
29. Sixth Affirmative Defense: Some or all of plaintiff's claims for relief are barred

22 by the doctrine of unclean hands.
30. Seventh Affirmative Defense: Some or all of plaintiff's claims are barred by

24 plaintiff's failure to mitigate its damages.
PRAYER WHEREFORE, Digital Envoy respectfully prays that the Court stay or dismiss this

27 action, or in the alternative enter judgment in favor of Digital Envoy and against Google, for its 28 costs and for such other relief as deemed just and proper. -4W02-SF:5BB\61412723.1

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1.

COUNTERCLAIMS The following counterclaim is identical in substance to the Complaint filed by

3 Digital Envoy in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia on March 4 29, 2004. By asserting this counterclaim, Digital Envoy intends only to preserve that claim. 5 Digital Envoy does not waive its right to proceed with its earlier filed action in the forum of its 6 choice. 7 8
2. I. SUMMARY OF COMPLAINT Digital Envoy brings this counterclaim because Google is using Digital Envoy's

9 technology in non-permitted ways. Digital Envoy seeks to recover for Google's wrongful use of 10 Digital Envoy's technology which helped grow Google's business at a phenomenal rate without 11 Google properly compensating Digital Envoy. Digital Envoy is the inventor and market leader in 12 IP Intelligence technology which enables the determination of the geographic location of any 13 computer hooked to the Internet by reliably and rapidly tracking protocol addresses. 14
3. In November 2000, Digital Envoy and Google entered into an agreement

15 permitting Google to use Digital Envoy's technology for limited uses. At the beginning of this 16 business relationship, Google properly used the technology on its search site for a variety of 17 purposes, including selling what is referred to by Google as "paid links" (or links directly related 18 to a user search on Google.com which are paid for by third parties who want to highlight their 19 products to users and are highlighted as such on Google.com). 20
4. Later, Google expanded its business model and began to service non-search related

21 advertising on third party sites and sell geographically targeted advertising on those sites -- using 22 Digital Envoy's technology outside the scope of the license and without compensating Digital 23 Envoy. From this wrongful conduct, Google has built a vast and profitable online advertising 24 business (which is a $7.2 billion/year industry and growing), and Digital Envoy has lost 25 substantial income opportunities. Digital Envoy brings this action to recover its lost income, to 26 disgorge Google from its wrongful income, to prevent Google from further wrongful conduct, and 27 to recover additional damages as provided by law. 28
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5.

II.

JURISDICTION

Digital Envoy is a Georgia corporation with its principal place of business in

3 Norcross, Georgia. The company was formed in October 1999 by the inventors of the technology 4 which is the subject of this action and others. 5 7
6. Google, Inc. is a Delaware corporation with its principal place of business at its

6 "Googleplex" in Mountain View, California.
7. Digital Envoy contends that this Court should decline jurisdiction over the matter

8 in deference to the earlier filed Civil Action. Otherwise, this Court has jurisdiction over this 9 dispute under 28 U.S.C. § 1332 in that the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of 10 $75,000 exclusive of interest and costs and is between citizens of different States. Digital Envoy 11 is a citizen of the State of Georgia and Google is a citizen of the State of California. 12
8. This District and Division is one of the districts and divisions in which venue

13 properly lays under 28 U.S.C. § 1391 in that a substantial part of the events or omissions giving 14 rise to the claim occurred in this district and division. 15 16 A. 17
9. III. FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS Digital Envoy and its Technology Digital Envoy invented and developed technology ("IP Intelligence") which

18 essentially delivers specific information about a visitor to a website, including: geographic 19 location down to the closest city, connection speed and, in some cases, the industry in which the 20 visitor works. 21
10. IP Intelligence represents a substantial breakthrough in Internet technology. The

22 Internet contains more than 4 billion IP addresses, which incorporate no geographical information. 23 Furthermore, IP addresses are assigned in random order, providing no logical associations based 24 on the numbers. Digital Envoy's proprietary technology essentially maps the Internet's ever 25 changing topology and overlays a geographical map which allows the technology to tie an IP 26 address to a geographic location. Digital Envoy has applied for a patent covering certain aspects 27 of its technology and has received favorable indication from the Patent and Trademark Office. 28
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11.

Digital Envoy delivers the information obtained through IP Intelligence with

2 industry- leading reliability and virtually instantaneous speed which is essential for the practical 3 uses of this information. 4
12. Digital Envoy's customers benefit from this information in a variety of ways, such

5 as permitting the assemblage of basic market data, enabling the website to publish its content in 6 the visitor's language, enhancing security and enabling geographically targeted advertising. 7
13. IP Intelligence also provides a superior manner of collecting this basic information,

8 which otherwise would be obtained through the use of privacy-invading "cookies" or intrusive 9 user questionnaires, either of which are more susceptible to abuse. 10
14. Digital Envoy's simple business model is predicated upon receiving payment for its

11 customers' fair use of this limited information. Accordingly, its customers are restricted in their 12 use of this information, such that it is not readily made available to third parties, except when 13 expressly permitted in an agreement which fairly compensates Digital Envoy. These restrictions 14 are necessary to not foreclose Digital Envoy's business opportunities (either directly or indirectly) 15 to do business with third party web sites directly. 16
15. Digital Envoy's proprietary technology has significant and independent economic

17 value to Digital Envoy because it is unique, and not generally known to, or readily ascertainable 18 by proper means, by other persons who could obtain economic value from the use or disclosure of 19 this technology. Furthermore, since the value of Digital Envoy's IP Intelligence technology is the 20 delivery of information, the company takes reasonable measures to protect the unauthorized 21 distribution of this information. Specifically, without limitation, Digital Envoy restricts its 22 customers for specific licensed uses and transmits the information (known as Digital Envoy's 23 "Database Library") in encrypted binary format. 24
16. One of the most profitable uses of Digital Envoy's IP Intelligence technology is to

25 enable its users to geographically target advertising on their website. By instantaneously 26 obtaining the geogr aphical location of a visitor down to the closest city, the customer can target 27 specific advertising relevant to the visitor. 28
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17.

The ability to target advertising in this matter is attractive to advertisers reluctant to

2 buy Internet advertising which would otherwise be sent all over the world. Digital Envoy's 3 customers can thus sell more advertising, and the advertising is more successful and thereby more 4 profitable to the customer since Internet advertising is often paid on a click-through basis, 5 meaning the advertiser pays when a computer user actually clicks on the advertisement. Since 6 geographically targeted advertising is more relevant to the customer's visitors, the "click-through 7 rate" (or whatever other measure of success of the ad is employed) is often higher than un-targeted 8 advertising. 9 11 B. 12
18. By filling this niche, Digital Envoy has developed into a small but profitable and

10 growing business.
Google Background 19. Google is an Internet search engine company formed in September 1998. Through

13 excellent technological innovations and strong financial backing, Google became the world's 14 largest search engine in mid-2000. 15
20. Google is a play on the word "googol" which refers to the number represented by

16 the number 1 followed by 100 zeros. Google's use of the term reflects the company's mission to 17 organize the immense, seemingly infinite amount of information available on the web. 18
21. Google portrays itself as having started with a couple of students with an

19 innovative idea who opened its door in an office attached to a garage of a friend. The Googleplex, 20 as Google's present world headquarters is known, is (or was) complete with lava lamps, roving 21 large dogs, a chef who is a Dead-head (a fan of the musical group, the Grateful Dead), and room in 22 the parking lot for twice-weekly roller hockey games. Google claims it is working on offering 23 searches in the fictional Klingon language from the television show StarTrek. 24
22. At the same time, Google is backed by funding from two leading venture capital

25 firms and has a management team, board of directors and technical advisory council that rivals any 26 company in the world for business and financial acumen. Its two founders have also just joined 27 Forbes' billionaire club. Google also exceeded $1 billion in revenue in 2003, mostly from 28 advertising, and the company is valued at more than $15 billion. -8W02-SF:5BB\61412723.1

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23.

As with many Internet-based companies, Google did not make a profit in its first

2 three years. Google's principal source of income originally came from marketing its search 3 technology to other Internet-based companies. At the same time, Google offered limited "paid 4 link" opportunities on its website. However, as described below, Google soon began to expand 5 its business from pure search into advertising and the company soon thereafter achieved elusive 6 profitability. 7 C. 8
The Agreement between Google and Digital Envoy 24. Google's "paid link" program began in mid-2000 and was originally centered on

9 the ability to offer paid links or relevant information tied to a user's search request. Thus on its 10 site, through keyword targeting or "paid links", only those users who are actively conducting a 11 web search and requesting information related to a third party's product are shown that third 12 party's message. The third party pays Google for its placement of its "paid link" on Google.com. 13
25. Google recognized that one factor in the relevance of paid links is geography.

14 Accordingly, shortly after it began its paid link program, Google was attracted to Digital Envoy's 15 technology which would permit paid link results which was geographically targeted to its 16 audience. 17
26. In November 2000, Google and Digital Envoy began to negotiate a license

18 agreement whereby Google would have use of Digital Envoy's IP Technology to obtain the 19 geographic location of visitors to its website, presumably to publish Google's site text in the 20 visitor's language without prompt and to sell geographically targeted "paid links" on its website. 21 23
27. On November 30, 2000, Google and Digital Envoy entered into a Product and

22 Electronic Database Evaluation and License Agreement (the "Agreement").
28. Under the Agreement, Google obtained a strictly limited, non-exclusive right to use

24 Digital Envoy's IP Intelligence technology and Database Libraries only in Google's bus iness of 25 producing and maintaining information search technology and for no other business purpose 26 (emphasis added). Additionally, Google is expressly prohibited from selling, licensing, 27 distributing, sharing or otherwise giving, in any form, the Database Libraries to any other party or 28 using it outside of Google's site.
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29.

Under the Agreement, Digital Envoy retained all ownership of the Database

2 Libraries, including any patents, copyrights or trade secrets associated with the Database Libraries 3 of its IP Intelligence technology. Google is also obligated under this Section to hold all of Digital 4 Envoy's product information in strict confidence and is prohibited from sharing such information 5 with any third parties, and from distributing, disclosing or otherwise making available the 6 Database Libraries, or any information contained therein to any other party whatsoever. 7 9
30. Google is also obligated under the Agreement to promptly notify Digital Envoy of

8 any possible infringement of Digital Envoy's rights in the Database Libraries.
31. For the use of Digital Envoy's IP Intelligence technology, including the Database

10 Libraries, Google pays to Digital Envoy a flat monthly fee, originally $3,000 during the evaluation 11 period and currently $8,000 per month. 12 D. 13
Google's use of Digital Envoy's technology 32. Google used Digital Envoy's IP Intelligence technology to enable geographically

14 targeted paid links, solely in conjunction with a user search, on its information search technology 15 website. Such targeting fit well with Google's business program and was incorporated into 16 Google's promotional materials directed to potential third party paid link purchasers on its 17 website. 18
33. Google's paid link program as well as its third party ad network program, as it is

19 directed to outside companies on Google's search site, is called "AdWords" by Google. Google 20 also has a Premium Sponsorship program for large participants to negotiate a specific agreement 21 with Google. Companies signing up to use paid links through the AdWords program pay Google 22 based on cost-per-click such that Google benefits financially when advertisements placed by 23 Google are "clicked" on by the visitor to the site. 24
34. To enhance the "click through rate", companies signing to obtain paid links and to

25 participate in the Google Ad Network through the AdWords program are offered the option to 26 geographically target their link. In fact, the first of the four steps required to sign up for the 27 Google AdWords program requests the advertiser to choose its geographic targets, which, unless 28 "All Countries" and "All Languages" are chosen, requires use of Digital Envoy's technology. -10W02-SF:5BB\61412723.1

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35.

The Premium Sponsorship paid link and ad network program is also based on the

2 success of the paid link or advertisement, measured by the click through rate or some other 3 measure, and also permits geographic targeting. 4
36. At the time of the Agreement, Google had just begun to sign agreements with other

5 Internet companies to power search services on those companies' sites. However, Google did not 6 supply advertising services to third party web sites at that time, had not contemplated providing 7 such services and did not disclose to Digital Envoy its intention to enter into this business. Instead 8 Google's business at the time was solely related to information search. 9
37. On the strength of Google's targeted paid link program, which included Regional

10 Targeting using Digital Envoy's IP Intelligence, Google had signed up more than 350 Premium 11 Sponsorships and thousands of AdWords participants by mid-2001. Due to Google's targeted 12 paid link program on Google.com, its click through rates at that time were four to five times 13 higher than click through rates for traditional advertisement programs. 14 E. 15
Google's misuse of Digital Envoy's technology 38. By August 2002, Google began to enter into agreements to provide Google

16 advertisements (including advertisements developed under its AdWords program) on third party 17 websites to which it was providing search services. 18
39. In February ­ March, 2003, Google began to syndicate advertisements to major

19 advertising networks supporting nearly 24,000 websites. Google announced that it entered into 20 this arrangement as part of a test of a new service to place text ads on pages selected for their 21 relevance to a marketer's products or services. Thus, for the first time, Google announced plans to 22 place cost-per-click listings on content-targeted websites, rather than search-related pages. Google 23 advertisers, including the more than 100,000 active advertisers in its Google AdWords program, 24 would thereafter have the option to appear on websites unrelated to search. Google's business 25 thus was expanding outside of information search. 26
40. In May ­ June 2003, Google launched a new program which it called "Google

27 AdSense" wherein Google would supply advertisements to any content-based website which 28 signed up. Google announced that the program was designed to maximize the revenue potential -11W02-SF:5BB\61412723.1

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1 of a website by serving highly relevant ads specific to the content of the page. Under this 2 program, Google and the AdSense client share in revenue paid by the advertisers, typically on a 3 per click basis or some other measure of the success of the advertisement on the AdSense client's 4 website. Google's initial clients in the AdSense program inc luded ABC.com, HowStuffWorks, 5 Internet Broadcasting Systems, Inc., Lycos Europe, New York Post Online Edition, Reed Business 6 Information and U.S. News & World Report. Google refers to third party web sites in its AdSense 7 program and the delivery of advertisements on such sites, as the "Google Ad Network." 8
41. As part of the service it provides to its clients, Google uses Digital Envoy's IP

9 Intelligence technology and Database Libraries to provide geographically targeted, non10 information search related, advertisements on those third party websites in the "Google Ad 11 Network". Such use is beyond the scope of the Agreement between Google and Digital Envoy. 12 Google did not obtain authorization from Digital Envoy to make such use and did not, in fact, tell 13 Digital Envoy that it was doing so. 14
42. Due in large part to the strength of its AdSense program, Google more than

15 doubled its revenues from 2002 to 2003, and the trend continues upward in 2004. Google 16 specifically makes substantial income and profit from the placement of geographically targeted, 17 non- information search related, advertisements on its client's websites in the Google ad network. 18
43. At the same time, Digital Envoy has received no income from Google's

19 unauthorized use of Digital Envoy's proprietary technology, but instead has lost significant 20 licensing opportunities. 21
44. In February 2004, Digital Envoy notified Google that it considered Google's use of

22 Digital Envoy's IP Intelligence technology and Database Libraries to provide geographically 23 targeted advertising on third party websites to be unauthorized under the Agreement. Google 24 admitted to its conduct but refused to stop. Instead, in response to Digital Envoy's inquiry, 25 Google offered to increase its payment under the Agreement to $12,000 per month. Digital Envoy 26 rejected this offer because it fell woefully short of the income enjoyed by Google and the lost 27 income to Digital Envoy as a result of Google's unauthorized conduct. 28
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45.

COUNT I (Misappropriation of Trade Secrets) (Cal. Civ. Code § 3426 et seq., O.C.G.A. § 10-1-760 et seq., and Georgia Common Law) Digital Envoy incorporates its allegations contained in paragraphs 1 through 44 as

5 if fully stated herein.
46. Digital Envoy's IP Intelligence and its Database Libraries are trade secrets,

7 protected by law.
47. Although acquired by lawful means, Google's misuse of Digital Envoy's trade

9 secrets constitutes a misappropriation in that it was acquired under circumstances giving rise to a 10 duty to maintain its secrecy and limit its use and that Google used Digital Envoy's trade secrets 11 through improper means, including failing to limit its use of the trade secrets. 12 14 16 18
48. Google's misappropriation of Digital Envoy's trade secrets have damaged Digital

13 Envoy through lost income, licensing and other business opportunities.
49. Google's misappropriation of Digital Envoy's trade secrets have also unjustly

15 enriched Google.
50. Digital Envoy is entitled to recover damages against Google in amounts to be

17 proved at trial.
51. Google's actions have been willful and malicious. Accordingly, Digital Envoy is

19 entitled to recover punitive or exemplary damages, including those provided for in Cal. Civ. Code 20 § 3426.3(c), against Google in amounts to be determined by the jury. 21 22 23 24 26
52. COUNT II (Federal Unfair Competition) (15 U.S.C. § 1125(a)) Digital Envoy incorporates its allegations contained in paragraphs 1 through 51 as

25 if fully stated herein.
53. Google's actions, as set forth above, made in connection with services and used in

27 commerce, falsely designate the origin of its services, are misleading in their description or 28 representation of fact. Google's actions deceive others (including its AdSense and AdWords -13W02-SF:5BB\61412723.1

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1 customers) as to the origin and approval of its services and its commercial activities and Digital 2 Envoy is damaged by this conduct. Google's actions thus constitute violations of § 43(a) of the 3 Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a). 4 6 8
54. Google acted as set forth above with knowledge and in disregard of Digital

5 Envoy's rights.
55. Digital Envoy is entitled to recover its actual damages, Google's profits, treble

7 damages and its attorneys' fees.
56. In the manner set forth above, Google has also irreparably damaged Digital Envoy

9 and will continue to irreparably damage Digital Envoy unless enjoined by this Court. Digital 10 Envoy is without an adequate remedy at law. 11 12 13 14 16 18 20
57. Count III (Unfair Competition) (O.C.G.A. § 10-1-372) Digital Envoy incorporates its allegations contained in paragraphs 1 through 56 as

15 if fully stated herein.
58. As set forth above, Google has engaged, and is continuing to engage in acts of

17 unfair competition in violation of O.C.G.A. § 10-1-372.
59. Google acted as set forth above with knowledge and deceit and in disregard of

19 Digital Envoy's rights and has caused Digital Envoy actual damages.
60. In the manner set forth above, Google has irreparably damaged Digital Envoy and

21 will continue to irreparably damage Digital Envoy unless enjoined by this Court. Digital Envoy is 22 without an adequate remedy at law. 23 24 25 26 28
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61.

Digital Envoy is thereby entitled to recover its attorneys' fees from Google. COUNT IV (Georgia and California Common Law Unfair Competition)

62.

Digital Envoy incorporates its allegations contained in paragraphs 1 through 61 as

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63.

The actions of Google set forth above cons titute unfair competition in violation of

2 common law in that:
(a) the actions enable Google to obtain the benefit of, and trade on, the

4 goodwill of Digital Envoy;
(b) the actions by Google damage Digital Envoy in that Digital Envoy has no

6 control over the business of Google;
(c) the actions of Google are likely to cause, and have caused, confusion,

8 mistake or deception; and
(d) 64. the actions of Google will result in the unjust enrichment of Google. Google acted as set forth above with knowledge, in bad faith and in willful

11 disregard of Digital Envoy's rights.
65. In the manner set forth above, Google has irreparably damaged Digital Envoy and

13 will continue to irreparably damage Digital Envoy unless enjoined by this Court. Digital Envoy is 14 without an adequate remedy at law. 15 17 18 19 21 23 25 27 28
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66.

Digital Envoy is also entitled to an award of damages to be proved at trial, punitive

16 damages and attorneys' fees.
COUNT V (Georgia Common Law Unjust Enrichment) 67. Digital Envoy incorporates its allegations contained in paragraphs 1 through 66 as

20 if fully stated herein.
68. As set forth above, Google has used and continues to use Digital Envoy's

22 technology and information for purposes outside the scope of the Agreement.
69. Google and Digital Envoy had no agreement or understanding which would govern

24 the relationship of the parties for the extra-contractual use set forth above.
70. In this manner, Google has received distinct and direct benefits from Digital

26 Envoy, but without compensating Digital Envoy. Google has thereby been unjustly enriched.

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71.

Accordingly, Digital Envoy is entitled to recover from Google all monies earned in

2 connection with Google's extra-contractual use of Digital Envoy's proprietary technology and 3 information, in amounts to be proved at trial. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 DATED: May 10, 2004 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
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WHEREFORE, Counterclaimant Digital Envoy, Inc. prays for:,

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

judgment in its favor and against Counterdefendant Google, Inc. for actual damages, disgorgement of profits, recovery of monies earned, trebling of damages pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 1125, punitive damages on Counts for which such relief is available, attorneys' fees interest and costs, and for an injunction prohibiting Google, Inc. from using Digital Envoy's proprietary technology and information beyond the scope of the Agreement, specifically including supplying geographically targeted advertisements on third party websites.

SHEPPARD, MULLIN, RICHTER & HAMPTON LLP

By

-sP. CRAIG CARDON TIMOTHY H. KRATZ (Pro Hac Vice To Be Applied For) LUKE ANDERSON (Pro Hac Vice To Be Applied For) MCGUIRE WOODS, L.L.P 1170 Peachtree Street, N.E., Suite 2100 Atlanta, Georgia 30309 Telephone: [phone] Facsimile: 404.443.5751 Attorneys for DIGITAL ENVOY, INC.

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ANSWER AND COUNTERCLAIM JURY TRIAL DEMAND Case No. C 04 01497 RS

Case 5:04-cv-01497-RS

Document 6

Filed 05/10/2004

Page 17 of 17

1 2 4 5 DATED: May 10, 2004 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
W02-SF:5BB\61412723.1

JURY TRIAL DEMAND Defendant Counterclaimant Digital Envoy, Inc. demands trial by jury in this action as to all

3 issues so triable.

SHEPPARD, MULLIN, RICHTER & HAMPTON LLP

By

-sP. CRAIG CARDON TIMOTHY H. KRATZ (Pro Hac Vice To Be Applied For) LUKE ANDERSON (Pro Hac Vice To Be Applied For) MCGUIRE WOODS, L.L.P 1170 Peachtree Street, N.E., Suite 2100 Atlanta, Georgia 30309 Telephone: [phone] Facsimile: 404.443.5751 Attorneys for DIGITAL ENVOY, INC.

-17-

ANSWER AND COUNTERCLAIM JURY TRIAL DEMAND Case No. C 04 01497 RS