"The Apple iPod iTunes Anti-Trust Litigation"

Filing 133

MOTION to Compel Defendant Apple Inc.'s Production of Documents Relating to Class Certification filed by Plaintiffs. Motion Hearing set for 1/8/2008 10:00 AM in Courtroom #5, 4th Floor, San Jose. (Sweeney, Bonny) (Filed on 12/3/2007)

"The Apple iPod iTunes Anti-Trust Litigation"

Doc. 133

1 COUGHLIN STOIA GELLER RUDMAN & ROBBINS LLP 2 BONNY E. SWEENEY (176174) GREGORY S. WESTON (239944) 3 655 West Broadway, Suite 1900 San Diego, CA 92101 4 Telephone: [phone] (fax) 5 [e-mail] [e-mail] 6 THE KATRIEL LAW FIRM 7 ROY A. KATRIEL (pro hac vice) 1101 30th Street, N.W., Suite 500 8 Washington, DC 20007 Telephone: [phone] (fax) [e-mail] 10 Co-Lead Counsel for Plaintiffs 11 [Additional counsel appear on signature page.] 12 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 13 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 14 SAN JOSE DIVISION 15 THE APPLE IPOD ITUNES ANTI-TRUST ) Lead Case No. C-05-00037-JW 16 LITIGATION ) ) CLASS ACTION 17 ) ) NOTICE OF MOTION AND MOTION TO This Document Relates To: 18 ) COMPEL DEFENDANT APPLE, INC.'S ) PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS ALL ACTIONS. 19 ) RELATING TO CLASS CERTIFICATION 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 DATE: January 8, 2008 TIME: 10:00 a.m. COURTROOM: 5, 4th Floor JUDGE: Hon. Patricia V. Trumbull

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1 TO ALL PARTIES AND THEIR ATTORNEYS OF RECORD: 2 PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that on January 8, 2008, or as soon thereafter as the matter may be

3 heard, in Courtroom 5, 4th Floor, of the above-captioned Court, located at 280 South First St., San 4 Jose, California, before the Honorable Patricia V. Trumbull, Plaintiffs Melanie Tucker ("Tucker"), 5 Mariana Rosen ("Rosen") and Somtai Troy Charoensak ("Charoensak") (collectively, "Plaintiffs") 6 will and hereby do through undersigned counsel, move this Court pursuant to Federal Rules of Civil 7 Procedure, Rule 37(a), for an order compelling Apple Inc.'s ("Apple") production of a limited set of 8 documents relevant to the issue of class certification. The relevance of the documents sought is 9 described below. 10 In accordance with Local Rule 37-1(b), and as set out in the contemporaneously filed

11 Declaration of Bonny E. Sweeney in Support of Motion to Compel Production of Documents 12 ("Sweeney Decl."), Plaintiffs have made good faith efforts to confer with Apple in an attempt to 13 resolve this dispute without the need for Court intervention. However, the parties have reached an 14 impasse on the issues subject to this matter. 15 In addition to the foregoing declarations, this Motion is supported by the Memorandum of

16 Points and Authorities, the pleadings on file in this action, and on such other and further matters, 17 evidence and arguments as may be presented to the Court before or at the hearing on the Motion. 18 19 I. 20 MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES INTRODUCTION Plaintiffs contend that Apple sells online digital music files and digital video files

21 (collectively, "digital entertainment files") in a format that has been deliberately altered via Apple's 22 so-called "FairPlay" restrictions to render them portably playable only on the portable digital music 23 players sold by Apple, known as the iPod, the iPod shuffle and the iPod nano (collectively, "iPod"). 24 Plaintiffs filed their Consolidated Complaint for Violations of Sherman Antitrust Act, Clayton Act, 25 Cartwright Act, California Unfair Competition Law, Consumer Legal Remedies Act, and California 26 Common Law of Monopolization ("Complaint") on April 19, 2007. Plaintiffs allege that, given 27 Apple's 85% share of the online digital music file market and 90% share of the digital video file 28 market, Apple's actions amount to an unlawful tying arrangement in violation of §1 of the Sherman
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1 Act and monopolization or attempted monopolization of the portable player market and the online 2 digital entertainment market prohibited by §2 of the Sherman Act. Complaint, ¶¶5, 7 & Counts I, II 3 & III.1 The Court has already ruled that Plaintiffs have alleged viable federal and state antitrust 4 claims. Slattery v. Apple Computer, Inc., No. 05-00037 JW, 2005 WL 2204981, at *3 (N.D. Cal. 5 Sept. 9, 2005); Tucker v. Apple Computer, Inc., 43 F. Supp. 2d 1090 (N.D. Cal. 2006); see generally, 6 Eastman Kodak Co. v. Image Technical Servs., Inc., 504 U.S. 451, 462, 112 S. Ct. 2072, 119 L. Ed. 7 2d 265 (1992). 8 On January 18, 2007, prior to the consolidation of the Tucker and Charoensak actions,

9 Tucker served Apple with Plaintiff Melanie Tucker's First Set of Requests for Production of 10 Documents to Defendant Apple Inc. Sweeney Decl., Ex. A. On February 23, 2007, Apple 11 responded to each of Plaintiff's discovery requests with boilerplate objections, made no initial effort 12 to produce any documents, refused to present witnesses, and asserted that Plaintiff Tucker was 13 entitled to discovery relating only to class certification. See Sweeney Decl., Ex. B (Defendant's 14 Objections to Plaintiff Melanie Tucker's First Set of Requests for Production to Apple Inc.). 15 Although a number of the discovery disputes have been successfully resolved through the meet and 16 confer process, the parties have reached an impasse with respect to: (1) unredacted copies of 17 spreadsheets (including all documents used to generate these spreadsheets) already produced by 18 Apple in redacted form in the Charoensak matter before consolidation; and (2) documents showing 19 the cost of manufacture, production, and number of Apple iPod products sold and the revenue 20 generated from the sales of those products. 21 II. 22 23 24 25 26
1 Plaintiffs seek injunctive and monetary relief for these violations under the Clayton Act, 15 27 U.S.C. §§15 & 26. Complaint, ¶¶31-38. 28

REQUESTED DISCOVERY A. Plaintiff's First Set of Requests for Production of Documents

Two outstanding document requests are at issue here: Request No. 10: Full copies of the spreadsheets for which excerpts were produced to Somtai Troy Charoensak and marked APPLE CHAR 00059 through APPLE CHAR

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00066 and all Documents used in the production of these Documents, including but not limited to all Profit and Loss Statements for all iPod models. The spreadsheets responsive to Request No. 10, labeled APPLE CHAR 00059-64 are described by Apple as "redacted Profit and Loss statements for the iTunes Store" and "[c]ost, revenue, profit or loss data." Sweeney Decl., Ex. C at 1. Apple has agreed to produce "redacted information" from the statements about the number of movies, TV shows and music videos, but illogically objects to producing any financial data from the statements. Id. Further, Apple refuses to produce full and unredacted copies of the documents labeled APPLE CHAR 00065-66 because the information was similarly derived from the Profit and Loss statements. Id. Request No. 19: All Documents necessary to allow the calculation for each quarter since the introduction of the iPod for each model that iPod has [sic] sold, the number of iPods that have been purchased, Apple's total revenue from the sale of each iPod model and Apple's Cost of Manufacturing and cost of sale for each iPod model. In response to Request No. 19, Apple has agreed to produce documents sufficient to show the

13 number of iPods purchased each quarter on a per model basis, but has steadfastly refused to provide 14 the cost and revenue data similar to that required by Plaintiffs' Request No. 10. Sweeney Decl., 15 Ex. C at 1. 16 17 B. Plaintiffs' Efforts to Meet and Confer

On February 23, 2007, Apple first responded to each of Plaintiff's discovery requests with

18 boilerplate objections. See Sweeney Decl., Ex. B. In response to Apple's suggestion that discovery 19 initially be limited to class certification issues, Plaintiffs, while reserving their right to challenge any 20 discovery bifurcation, identified those requests most relevant to class certification, including 21 Plaintiffs' Requests Nos. 10 and 19. See Sweeney Decl., Ex. D at 1-2. Apple thereafter requested 22 Plaintiff Tucker to further "set forth the bases for [her] position that the discovery specified . . . 23 relates to class issues." See Sweeney Decl., Ex. E. 24 On May 24, 2007, Plaintiffs tentatively agreed to Apple's "stepped discovery" proposal. The

25 agreement required Apple to respond immediately to "class certification discovery" and Plaintiffs 26 agreed to permit Apple to defer its responses to certain discovery requests pending the filing of 27 28
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1 Apple's opposition to Plaintiffs' forthcoming motion for class certification. See Sweeney Decl., 2 Ex. F.2 Plaintiffs at that time specifically identified Request No. 19 as relevant to class certification. 3 Id. at 3. Plaintiffs also expressly confirmed Apple's agreement to produce all documents responsive 4 to Request No. 10. Id. at 2. 5 On May 31, 2007, Apple confirmed its willingness to produce the unredacted spreadsheets

6 responsive to Request No. 10, but refused to comply with the full extent of the request. See Sweeney 7 Decl., Ex. G at 2. Absent from Apple's confirmation was an affirmation that it would provide "all 8 documents used in the production" of the unredacted spreadsheets as required by Plaintiffs' Request 9 No. 10. Id. Further, Apple reiterated its objection to producing cost and revenue data responsive to 10 Request No. 19, without elaborating on its contention that such data was not relevant to class 11 certification. Id. 12 On June 8, 2007, Plaintiffs offered yet another concession to Apple by agreeing to accept

13 production of the underlying documents responsive to Request No. 10 according to either version of 14 the electronic discovery format agreement (the operative agreement in the Charoensak action or the 15 current agreement applicable to the consolidated action) or in native computer file format. See 16 Sweeney Decl., Ex. H at 2. On June 15, Apple inexplicably reversed course and informed Plaintiffs 17 that it would not produce the spreadsheets responsive to Request No. 10 without redactions. See 18 Sweeney Decl., Ex. C at 1. Apple further cemented its position that it would not provide any of the 19 financial data from the profit and loss statements responsive to either Request Nos. 10 or 19. Id. 20 On July 20, 2007, Plaintiffs sought clarification from the Court as to whether the discovery

21 bifurcation provision of the Case Management Order that governed the Charoensak action was 22 applicable to this consolidated action. In response to Plaintiffs' Motion for Administrative Relief, 23 this Court ordered the parties to respond to discovery either: (a) related to class certification; or 24 (b) "impos[ing] only a de minimis burden on either party." See Sweeney Decl., Ex. I at 1, 2. 25 Following the Court's Order specifically determining that Plaintiffs were entitled to seek discovery 26 27 At Apple's request, Plaintiffs also provided Apple with narrowed supplemental requests. Id. at 2-3. 28
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1 related to class certification, Plaintiffs reiterated their demand that Apple produce the responsive 2 revenue, profit and loss statements, and related documents and explain the basis of their 3 "confidentiality" objection. See Sweeney Decl., Ex. J at 2. 4 However, Apple has steadfastly refused. See Sweeney Decl., Ex. K; id., Ex. L at 1-2.

5 Despite Plaintiffs' continuing efforts at resolution, Apple adamantly refuses to provide the 6 outstanding documents responsive to Plaintiffs' Requests Nos. 10 and 19. Notably, Apple does not 7 contend that the data and documents Plaintiffs seek responsive to Requests Nos. 10 and 19 are 8 irrelevant. Apple contends only that such data is "merit" related discovery and is not "class" related. 9 See Sweeney Decl., Ex. L at 1 ("On Request No. 10 . . . the production of profit and loss statements 10 is not related to class certification issues . . . . We disagree that any merits-based discovery is 11 allowed simply because plaintiffs contend it is `de minimis.'"). 12 III. 13 14 LEGAL ARGUMENT A. Applicable Standard

The discovery right is a broad one, "based on the general principle that litigants have a right

15 to `every man's evidence,' and that wide access to relevant facts serves the integrity and fairness of 16 the judicial process by promoting the search for the truth." Rivera v. NIBCO, Inc. 384 F.3d 822, 824 17 (9th Cir. 2004) (citation and quotation marks omitted). In general, "[p]arties may obtain discovery 18 regarding any matter, not privileged, that is relevant to the claim or defense of any party." United 19 States ex rel. Englund v. Los Angeles, 235 F.R.D. 675,686 (E.D. Cal 2006) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 20 26(b)(1)). The Federal Rules thus set forth a standard of relevance that is "generous," and 21 "extremely broad." Condit v. Dunne, 225 F.R.D. 100, 105 (S.D.N.Y. 2004). Indeed, it is so broad 22 that, "[o]nce any possibility of relevance sufficient to warrant discovery is shown, the burden shifts 23 to the party opposing discovery to show the discovery is improper." Id. at 106 (citation and 24 quotation marks omitted). 25 Pursuant to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 37, a party may move to compel

26 discovery where another party fails to respond to a discovery request or where the party's request is 27 evasive or incomplete. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(a)(2) - (3). A motion to compel discovery pursuant to 28 Rule 37(a) is addressed to the sound discretion of the trial court. See Comty. Sav. & Loan Ass'n v.
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1 Fed. Home Loan Bank Bd., 68 F.R.D. 378, 381 (E.D. Wis. 1975). When the discovery sought 2 appears relevant on its face, the party resisting the discovery has the burden to establish the lack of 3 relevance by demonstrating that the requested discovery: (1) does not come within the broad scope 4 of relevance as defined under Rule 26(b)(1); or (2) is of such marginal relevance that the potential 5 harm the discovery may cause would outweigh the presumption in favor of broad disclosure. Soto v. 6 Concord, 162 F.R.D. 603, 609 (N.D. Cal. 1995)(citing Blakenship v. Hearst Corp., 519 F.2d 418, 7 419 (9th Cir. 1975). 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 B. The Revenue, Cost and Profit Documents Are Relevant to Class Certification

Few cases are better candidates for class-wide resolution than antitrust actions. Amchem Prods., Inc. v. Windsor, 521 U.S. 591, 625, 117 S. Ct. 2231, 138 L. Ed. 2d 689 (1997); In re Tableware Antitrust Litig., 241 F.R.D. 644, 648 (N.D. Cal. 2007) ("Class actions play a particularly vital role in the private enforcement of antitrust actions."). Courts routinely certify antitrust cases, and in particular tying cases such as the one at bar, where plaintiffs are able to proffer expert testimony which demonstrates a plausible theory whereby antitrust injury and damages may be proven on a class-wide basis. See, e.g., VISA Check/MasterMoney, 280 F.3d 124 (2d Cir. 2001) (affirming class certification in a tying case where plaintiffs' expert provided credible means of showing injury and damages class-wide); Bafus v. Aspen Realty, Inc., 236 F.R.D. 652, 658 (D. Idaho 2006) (same; class certified in tying case). C. The Limited Discovery Plaintiffs Seek Is Relevant to Class-wide Proof of Antitrust Injury

Antitrust injury is typically established for class certification purposes through expert opinion

22 that generally accepted economic methodologies are available to demonstrate such injury on a class 23 wide basis. VISA Check/MasterMoney, 280 F.3d at 133-35 (rejecting as "meritless" defendants' 24 argument that plaintiffs' expert had not submitted sound methodology for demonstrating that VISA 25 and MasterCard's tying policies injured all class members); In re Dynamic Random Access Memory 26 (DRAM) Antitrust Litigation), No. M 02-1486 PJH, 2006 WL 1530166, at *8 (N.D. Cal. June 5, 27 2006); Estate of Garrison v. Warner Bros. Inc., No. CV 95-8328 RMT, 1996 WL 407849, at *4 28
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1 (C.D. Cal. June 25, 1996); see, e.g., Bafus, 236 F.R.D. 658 (expert declaration described what 2 appeared to be a viable method for determining economic effect on a class basis). 3 The highly targeted, limited discovery requested by plaintiffs ­ revenue, cost and sales

4 information ­ is pertinent to class certification. See, e.g., VISA Check/MasterMoney, 280 F.3d at 134 5 (methodologies of plaintiffs' expert supported by reliance upon defendants' internal financial data, 6 as produced in discovery, as to specific usage of defendants' on-line and off-line debit cards); Bafus, 7 236 F.R.D. at 658 (class certified where plaintiffs' economic expert based conclusions upon analysis 8 of documentation of the conditions of sale for members of the class group). Indeed, the discovery at 9 issue here is of a variety similar to the types of evidence relied upon in other class antitrust litigation, 10 such as DRAM, where Plaintiffs' economic expert's testimony was accepted by the court as a 11 plausible methodology for proving class wide antitrust injury. The DRAM expert reached his 12 conclusions through analysis of actual market share estimates, actual sales data, and actual price data 13 which had been produced in discovery. See DRAM, 2006 WL 1530166, at *9 ("Dr. Noll's report, 14 supported by actual publication, market, and sales data produced thus far, provides an adequate 15 basis from which to conclude that the proof plaintiffs will adduce to establish defendants' conspiracy 16 to fix prices, and the resulting effect of the conspiracy on all prices paid for DRAM, would be 17 common to all class members.") (emphasis added). 18 In short, the type of discovery at issue on this motion was conducted in these other cases and

19 is clearly relevant to class here.3 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 D. The Limited Discovery Plaintiffs Seek Is Relevant to Class-wide Proof of Antitrust Damages

Once antitrust injury is established, the overall burden of proving damages is eased under both §1 and §2 of the Sherman Act. See Moore v. Jas. H. Matthews & Co., 682 F.2d 830, 836; see, e.g., DRAM, 2006 WL 1530166, at *10. Plaintiffs will likely use one or more of the three most-used methods for calculating damage on a class-wide basis: (1) the "before/after" method; (2) the
3

Moreover, academics have recognized that profit and loss information may be used to demonstrate market power in the relevant markets, an important issue here. See, e.g., Areeda & 27 Hovenkamp, Antitrust Law, ¶¶500-26 (2006 ed.) (reviewing methods of determining the 28 existence of market power).
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1 "yardstick" approach; and/or (3) the "benchmark" analysis. Each is a well-accepted method for 2 determining class-wide impact and damages in the antitrust context. Regression analysis is an 3 economic technique often used in the estimation of damages especially for determining the degree of 4 overcharge. See A.B.A. Section of Antitrust Law, Proving Antitrust Damages: Legal and Economic 5 Issues, 1996, Chapter 5 at 145ff; Daniel L. Millimet. Both the "Yardstick" model and the "before 6 and after" approach have been upheld by numerous courts. See, e.g., In re Citric Acid Antitrust 7 Litig., No. 95-1092, C-95-2963 FMS, 1996 WL 655791, at *7 (N.D. Cal. Oct. 2, 1996) (upholding 8 before/after approach); In re Linerboard Antitrust Litig., 203 F.R.D. 197, 220 (E.D. Pa. 2001) 9 (upholding the "yardstick" approach). 10 11 E. Production of the Outstanding Discovery Is Not Unduly Burdensome

Plaintiffs' showing of relevance to class certification shifts the burden to Apple to

12 demonstrate why the requested discovery should not be had. Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co. v. West, 13 748 F.2d 540 (10th Cir. 1984); Melendez v. Greiner, No. 01 Civ.07888 SAF DF, 2003 WL 14 22434101, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 23, 2003) ("[I]f the [objecting parties] wish to resist discovery on 15 the ground of burden, then they must adequately demonstrate the nature and extent of the claimed 16 burden."). But Apple has not shown that the production of documents responsive to Requests Nos. 17 10 and 19 are in any way overly burdensome. See W. Res., Inc, v. Union Pac. R.R. Co., No. 0018 2043-CM, 2002 WL 1822432, at * 4 (D. Kan. July 23, 2002) (holding party resisting discovery has 19 the obligation to detail and explain the nature of the burden in terms of time, money and procedure 20 required to produce the requested documents). Rather, Apple has maintained only that production of 21 the documents sought in Requests Nos. 10 and 19 is not warranted because such information has no 22 bearing on "class certification." See Sweeney Decl. Ex. K at 1, 2. As demonstrated above, that 23 contention is wrong. 24 Indeed, it is commonplace for courts to grant motions to compel discovery of revenue, sales

25 and cost information when relevant to the issues presented. See, e.g., In re NASDAQ Market-Makers 26 Antitrust Litig., 929 F. Supp. 723, 726 (S.D.N.Y. 1996) (motions to compel granted in antitrust 27 action; discovery allowed to pursue documents including those setting forth revenues costs, profits, 28 or losses derived from trading NASDAQ securities, reasoning that the "financial information, in
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1 particular, is relevant, in that it may show that common questions predominate for purposes of class 2 certification"); In re Folding Carton Antitrust Litig., 76 F.R.D. 420, 427 (N.D. Ill. 1977) (Motion to 3 Compel financial information by plaintiffs in price-fixing antitrust action granted where such 4 information "may help plaintiffs determine whether or not defendants enjoyed unreasonably high or 5 excessive profits.") Citicorp v. Interbank Card Ass'n, 87 F.R.D. 43, 47 (S.D.N.Y. 1980) (discovery 6 of sales and profit data against third parties Amexco and Barclay's allowed in antitrust action; 7 relevancy for discovery purposes is interpreted broadly and "it would therefore be nearly impossible 8 for the parties in this case to analyze and define the relevant market without information that only 9 Amexco can provide"); Storch v. Ipco Safety Prods. Co. of Pa., No. Civ. A. 96-7592, 1997 WL 10 401589, at *2 (E.D. Pa. Jul. 16, 1997) (motion to compel sales information granted where "such data 11 is relevant for purposes of determining the damages of the plaintiff"); Watson Indus., Inc. v. Murata 12 Mfg. Co., Ltd., No. 02-C-524-C, 2003 WL 23162874 (W.D. Wis. Dec. 4, 2003) (motion to compel 13 worldwide sales information granted); Sinco, Inc. v. B&O Mfg., Inc., No. 03-5277 (JRT/FLN), 2005 14 WL 1432202 (D. Minn. May 23, 2005) (motion to compel granted; discovery allowed included 15 number and amount of units of each product manufactured and sold, cost of manufacturing such 16 products, and documents reflecting profits generated). Confidentiality orders, such as the one 17 stipulated to and in place in this litigation, are adequate to protect against disclosure of any 18 particularly sensitive sales or revenue information. See, e.g., Citicorp, 87 F.R.D. at 46-47. 19 Moreover, motions to compel discovery of the types at issue here are routinely granted even

20 when a producing party is heard to claim that production of summary information is sufficient. See, 21 e.g., Phase Four Indus., Inc. v. Marathon Coach, Inc., No. C-04-4801 JW PVT, 2007 WL 2429448, 22 at *1-*2 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 23, 2007) (motion to compel granted in relevant part; sales information and 23 profit and loss statements relevant and production of spreadsheet that summarized sales and profit 24 and loss information was insufficient; underlying documentation must be produced including "all 25 documents showing sales and gross profits" as well as "profit and cost data in a format that is clear 26 and comprehensible"). 27 In any event, the burden on Apple to produce the requested documents is surely minimal at

28 best. Apple has already produced the spreadsheets responsive to Request No. 10 with redacted data.
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1 Apple can hardly contend that producing the documents in un-redacted form is more burdensome 2 than its redacted production. Nor can the production of sales and costs reports, no doubt routinely 3 generated and maintained by Apple, amount to undue hardship. Apple has failed to articulate the 4 time or expense involved in responding to the requested discovery is unduly burdensome. For this 5 reason, even assuming arguendo that the documents were not relevant to class certification, they 6 should be produced under this Court's Order of July 20, 2007. 7 IV. 8 CONCLUSION For the reasons stated herein, Plaintiffs respectfully request this Court to issue an Order

9 compelling Apple to produce all documents responsive to Requests Nos. 10 and 19 of Plaintiff's 10 First Set of Requests for Production of Documents to Defendant Apple Inc. 11 DATED: December 3, 2007 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
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Respectfully submitted, COUGHLIN STOIA GELLER RUDMAN & ROBBINS LLP BONNY E. SWEENEY GREGORY S. WESTON

s/BONNY E. SWEENEY BONNY E. SWEENEY 655 West Broadway, Suite 1900 San Diego, CA 92101 Telephone: [phone] (fax) THE KATRIEL LAW FIRM ROY A. KATRIEL 1101 30th Street, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20007 Telephone: [phone] (fax) Co-Lead Counsel for Plaintiffs

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S:\CasesSD\Apple Tying\MOT00047335.doc

BONNETT, FAIRBOURN, FRIEDMAN & BALINT, P.C. ANDREW S. FRIEDMAN FRANCIS J. BALINT, JR. ELAINE A. RYAN TODD D. CARPENTER 2901 N. Central Avenue, Suite 1000 Phoenix, AZ 85012 Telephone: [phone] (fax) BRAUN LAW GROUP, P.C. MICHAEL D. BRAUN 12304 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 109 Los Angeles, CA 90025 Telephone: [phone] (fax) MURRAY, FRANK & SAILER LLP BRIAN P. MURRAY JACQUELINE SAILER 275 Madison Avenue, Suite 801 New York, NY 10016 Telephone: [phone] (fax) GLANCY BINKOW & GOLDBERG LLP MICHAEL GOLDBERG 1801 Avenue of the Stars, Suite 311 Los Angeles, CA 90067 Telephone: [phone] (fax) Additional Counsel for Plaintiffs

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1 2

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that on December 3, 2007, I electronically filed the foregoing with the Clerk

3 of the Court using the CM/ECF system which will send notification of such filing to the e-mail 4 addresses denoted on the attached Electronic Mail Notice List, and I hereby certify that I have 5 mailed the foregoing document or paper via the United States Postal Service to the non-CM/ECF 6 participants indicated on the attached Manual Notice List. 7 I certify under penalty of perjury under the laws of the United States of America that the

8 foregoing is true and correct. Executed on December 3, 2007. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 s/ BONNY E. SWEENEY BONNY E. SWEENEY COUGHLIN STOIA GELLER RUDMAN & ROBBINS LLP 655 West Broadway, Suite 1900 San Diego, CA 92101-3301 Telephone: [phone] (fax) E-mail:[e-mail]

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