Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. et al
Filing
1347
Unredacted Oppostion to Apple's Supplemental Claim Construction Brief (Dkt. No. 1201) re 1256 Order on Administrative Motion to File Under Seal by Samsung Electronics America, Inc.(a New York corporation), Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung Telecommunications America, LLC(a Delaware limited liability company) (Maroulis, Victoria) (Filed on 7/25/2012) Modified text on 7/26/2012 (dhm, COURT STAFF).
1 QUINN EMANUEL URQUHART & SULLIVAN, LLP
Charles K. Verhoeven (Cal. Bar No. 170151)
2 charlesverhoeven@quinnemanuel.com
50 California Street, 22nd Floor
3 San Francisco, California 94111
Telephone: (415) 875-6600
4 Facsimile: (415) 875-6700
5 Kevin P.B. Johnson (Cal. Bar No. 177129)
kevinjohnson@quinnemanuel.com
6 Victoria F. Maroulis (Cal. Bar No. 202603)
victoriamaroulis@quinnemanuel.com
7 555 Twin Dolphin Drive 5th Floor
Redwood Shores, California 94065
8 Telephone: (650) 801-5000
Facsimile: (650) 801-5100
9
Michael T. Zeller (Cal. Bar No. 196417)
10 michaelzeller@quinnemanuel.com
865 S. Figueroa St., 10th Floor
11 Los Angeles, California 90017
Telephone: (213) 443-3000
12 Facsimile: (213) 443-3100
13 Attorneys for SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS
CO., LTD., SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS
14 AMERICA, INC. and SAMSUNG
TELECOMMUNICATIONS AMERICA, LLC
15
16
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
17
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA, SAN JOSE DIVISION
18 APPLE INC., a California corporation,
CASE NO. 11-cv-01846-LHK
19
SAMSUNG’S OPPOSITION TO APPLE’S
SUPPLEMENTAL CLAIM
CONSTRUCTION BRIEF
20
Plaintiff,
vs.
21 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD., a
Korean business entity; SAMSUNG
22 ELECTRONICS AMERICA, INC., a New
York corporation; SAMSUNG
23 TELECOMMUNICATIONS AMERICA,
LLC, a Delaware limited liability company,
24
Defendants.
25
26
27
FILED UNDER SEAL
28
Case No. 11-cv-01846-LHK
SAMSUNG’S OPPOSITION TO APPLE’S SUPPLEMENTAL CLAIM CONSTRUCTION BRIEF
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2
Page
3
4 ARGUMENT .................................................................................................................................... 1
5 I.
U.S. PATENT NO. 7,469,381 ............................................................................................... 1
6
A.
Apple’s Litigation-Inspired Construction Contradicts Its Own Position
before the ITC ........................................................................................................... 2
B.
Apple’s Proposed Construction Ignores the Court’s Construction for “Edge
of an Electronic Document” ...................................................................................... 3
9
C.
The Intrinsic Evidence Unequivocally Supports Samsung’s Construction .............. 3
10
D.
Apple’s Dictionary Evidence Offers No Support for Apple ..................................... 5
11 II.
U.S. PATENT NO. 7,864,163 ............................................................................................... 6
12
A.
"Structured Electronic Document" Refers To A Visual Depiction On The
Touch-Screen Device ................................................................................................ 7
B.
The Structured Electronic Document Need Not Contain Blocks Or Boxes
Of Content “In The Document” ................................................................................ 8
C.
A "Structured Electronic Document" Need Not Be “Formatted To
Differentiate” Regions of Content From One Another ............................................. 9
7
8
13
14
15
16
CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 10
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
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1
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
2
3
Page
Cases
4 Bicon v. Straumann,
441 F.3d 945 (Fed. Cir. 2006) ......................................................................................................9
5
Cisco Systems Inc. v. Teleconference Sys., LLC,
6
2011 WL 5913972 (N.D. Cal. Nov. 28, 2011) .............................................................................5
7 Falana v. Kent State University,
669 F.3d 1349 (Fed. Cir. 2012) ....................................................................................................5
8
Interactive Gift Exp., Inc. v. Compuserve Inc.,
9
256 F.3d 1323 (Fed. Cir. 2001) ....................................................................................................2
10 Keithley v. Homestorecom Inc.,
2007 WL 2701337 (N.D. Cal. Sep. 12, 2007) ..............................................................................5
11
Kilopass Technology Inc. v. Sidense Corp.,
12
2012 WL 1534065 (N.D. Cal., May 1, 2012) .......................................................................... 2-3
13 Primos v. Hunter’s Specialties,
451 F.3d 841 (Fed. Cir. 2006) ......................................................................................................9
14
Saunders Grp., Inc. v. Comfortrac, Inc.,
15
492 F.3d 1326 (Fed. Cir. 2007) ....................................................................................................9
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
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1
ARGUMENT
2 I.
U.S. PATENT NO. 7,469,381
3
Claim Term
4
5
Electronic
Document
6
7
8
9
10
Apple’s Proposed
Samsung’s Proposed
Construction
Construction
“a document stored in a digital “content having a defined set of
format,” with the clarification
boundaries that can be visually
that “an ‘electronic document
represented on a screen.”
could be, for example, a web
page, a digital image, a word
processing, spreadsheet or
presentation document, or a list
of items in a digital format.”
The central dispute between the parties is whether the term “electronic document” as used
11 in the ’381 patent must be a single file. Samsung’s position is that “electronic document” simply
12 refers to the visual representation that is depicted to the user of a portable electronic device. This
13 construction is fully supported by the claims and specification, which are replete with descriptions
14 of scrolling, zooming, and rotating the electronic document. In contrast, Apple asks this Court to
15 read a further limitation into the plain language by requiring the information underlying the
16 “electronic document” to be stored as a single file. Apple is proposing this limitation in a
17 transparent attempt to distinguish the Tablecloth prior art.1 Not only does Apple’s litigation18 inspired construction flatly contradict its stance before the ITC, it runs afoul of this Court’s claim
19 construction order, which held that electronic documents may include multiple files. The intrinsic
20 evidence has no discussion of file storage and even provides examples of electronic documents
21 that are made up of multiple files (e.g., webpages). Finally, even Apple’s dictionary definitions
22 of “electronic document” undermine Apple’s position and bolster Samsung’s. Thus, the Court
23 should reject Apple’s proposed construction and adopt Samsung’s.
24
25
1
Tablecloth is a program that displays multiple images which invalidates the ’381 patent
26 under two separate analyses. In one analysis the “electronic document” is a single digital image,
and in another analysis the “electronic document” is a combination of the two images. See
27 Samsung’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Dkt No. 930) at 21. Apple’s construction attempts to
exclude the two-image example.
28
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1
A.
Apple’s Litigation-Inspired Construction Contradicts Its Own Position before
the ITC.
2
Apple claims that an electronic document cannot consist of more than one file. Yet in its
3
case against HTC in the ITC, Apple explicitly stated that the HTC device below infringes the ’381
4
patent because it “displays an electronic document comprising one or more photographs”:
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
2
16 Ex. 6: Apple’s Exemplary Infringement Claim Chart for U.S. Patent No. 7,469,381 at 4, 6. Each
17 of these photographs is its own file, and there are thirteen such photographs in the “electronic
18 document” Apple defines above. Yet, when faced with the Tablecloth prior art in this litigation,
19 Apple has suddenly performed an about face, seeking to introduce its single-file limitation.
20 Because Apple has taken a position that the term “electronic document” as used in the ‘381 patent
21 can include multiple files, it should be precluded from asserting a contrary position in this action.
22 See Interactive Gift Exp., Inc. v. Compuserve Inc., 256 F.3d 1323, 1349 (Fed. Cir. 2001) (applying
23 judicial estoppel to preclude changing claim construction on appeal). Judicial estoppel applies
24 even where the other proceeding is administrative. Kilopass Technology Inc. v. Sidense Corp.,
25
26
27
28
2
As used herein, citations to “Ex. __” refer to exhibits previously attached to the
Declaration of Patrick Schmidt in Support of Samsung’s Claim Construction Brief.
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1 2012 WL 1534065 at *5 (N.D. Cal., May 1, 2012) (recognizing that estoppel may apply to claim
2 construction statements that contradict prior administrative proceedings before the PTO).
3
B.
Apple’s Proposed Construction Ignores the Court’s Construction for “Edge of
an Electronic Document.”
4
Apple’s proposed construction for “electronic document” directly contradicts the Court’s
5
construction of “edge of an electronic document.” In its claim construction order, the Court
6
“agree[d] with Samsung that an electronic document can be embedded in another electronic
7
document.” Claim Construction Order at 19. Such embedded electronic documents generally
8
consist of multiple files.
For example, webpages are often made up of multiple electronic
documents (e.g., images).
Apple offers no basis for overturning the Court’s prior decision,
9
10
because no such basis exists. As the Court has already recognized, “Apple has not offered a
11
limiting principle, rooted in the intrinsic evidence, to establish why an electronic document may
12
not be nested in another electronic document.” Id. at 20-21.
13
C.
The Intrinsic Evidence Unequivocally Supports Samsung’s Construction.
14
Apple provides no new evidence rooted in the claims or specification to support its
15
argument.
Apple repeatedly cites the examples of electronic documents listed in the ’381
16
specification – a web page, a digital image, and a word processing, spreadsheet, email or
17
presentation document3 – in support of its construction. Yet Apple does not actually explain how
18
these examples require an “electronic document” to be stored as a single file. Indeed, these
19
examples support Samsung’s construction. There is no dispute, for example, that a web page is
20
an “electronic document” and that it consists of multiple image files. This is illustrated in the
21
example webpage Apple provided in its opening brief.
As shown below, this example appears
22
to have at least six separate image files, which are outlined below in red. Each of these image
23
files are “electronic documents.”
24
25
3
Apple also cites to claim 9 to argue that a list of items is an “electronic document.” Claim
26 9 reads, “The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the electronic document
includes a list of items.” Ex. 1: ’381 patent at claim 9. To the extent the Court finds that a list of
27 items is an “electronic document,” this only bolsters Samsung’s construction, since each item in
the list may be its own file.
28
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 The fact that Apple’s own cited example of an “electronic document” consists of multiple files
4
13 further demonstrates that its proposed construction for “electronic document” is not correct.
In contrast, Samsung’s construction, that an “electronic document” is “visually represented
14
15 on the screen,” is well-grounded in the claims and specification. The ’381 patent is directed to a
16 visual snapback effect and not a method of data storage as Apple contends. For example, asserted
17 claim 19 and the other independent claims discuss the “display” of a first, second, third, and fourth
18 “portion” of an “electronic document.” The claims also describe electronic documents being
19 “translated” in a first and second direction. In both examples, the visible electronic document is
20 manipulated by the user. The patent as a whole also addresses visible content, as seen in a
21 multitude of figures. See Figs. 3, 4, 6A-D (scrolling), 8A-D (scrolling), 10A-C (zooming out),
22 12A-C (zooming in), 13A-C (zooming in), 15A-E (rotating), 16A-F (rotating). Thus, it is clear
23 that the “electronic document” is visually represented on the screen. Apple’s requirement that an
24
4
Because its own position is untenable, Apple uses a straw man to attack Samsung’s
construction, setting up a Windows desktop with three random windows and claiming that they
26 would be an “electronic document.” This is a gross distortion of Samsung’s position. An
“electronic document” has a “defined set of boundaries” such that the entire document translates
27 together in response to certain user inputs. Apple had no difficulty understanding this concept
when it accused a collection of images in HTC’s products of infringing the ’381 patent.
28
25
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1 “electronic document” must be a single file ignores this overwhelming evidence regarding the
2 visible electronic document. Under Apple’s construction, an image stored as a single file can
3 practice the ’381 patent while the exact same image stored as two separate files cannot practice the
4 patent. Apple’s construction is illogical and is inconsistent with the intrinsic evidence.
5
Finally, Apple’s alternative proposal—that the Court “instruct[] the jury using the precise
6 examples of an “electronic document” recited in the ’381 specification and dependent claims,”—
7 (Apple Br. at 3) is also improper, as “a jury could mistakenly interpret the scope of the term to be
8 narrower than intended by (1) finding the list of examples to be exhaustive; or (2) finding that the
9 term is somehow limited to a subset of the items on the list.” Keithley v. Homestorecom Inc.,
10 2007 WL 2701337 at *8 (N.D. Cal. Sep. 12, 2007) (rejecting exemplary claim construction
11 language); Cisco Systems Inc. v. Teleconference Sys., LLC, 2011 WL 5913972 at *8 (N.D. Cal.
12 Nov. 28, 2011) (rejecting unexhausted list of examples which “would not assist the jury and could
13 cause some confusion”). Similarly, the Federal Circuit has “repeatedly cautioned against limiting
14 the claimed invention to preferred embodiments or specific examples in the specification.”
15 Falana v. Kent State University, 669 F.3d 1349, 1355 (Fed. Cir. 2012) (quotations omitted). Thus
16 the Court should not adopt Apple’s proposal to recite specific examples to construe “electronic
17 document.”
18
D.
19
According to Apple, the five dictionary definitions it has offered define “electronic
Apple’s Dictionary Definitions Support Samsung.
20 document” as a single file. Yet three of these definitions apply to the wrong term, defining
21 “document” instead of “electronic document.”
The two definitions that actually define
22 “electronic document” do not support Apple’s position. First, The IBM Dictionary of Computing
23 (1994) offers the following definition of “electronic document”:
24
25
26
27
28
electronic document A document that is stored on a computer,
instead of printed on paper.
Nothing in this definition states that an “electronic document” must be stored as a single file or
otherwise limits the way in which the document is electronically stored on a computer. In fact,
this same dictionary defines “document” to include:
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document … (2) Information and the medium on which it is
recorded that generally have permanence and can be read by humans
or by machine… (Ahn Decl. Ex. 3).
1
2
3 This definition confirms that a document can be defined to encompass “information,” i.e.
4 “content,” as stated in Samsung’s construction.
5
Apple’s more recent citation, Barron’s Dictionary of Computer and Internet Terms (9th
6 Ed.) (2006) also does not limit an “electronic document” to a single file or to any particular
7 manner of storage. That definition states:
electronic document a document intended to be read as it is
displayed on a monitor.
An electronic document can use
HYPERTEXT to create an interactive environment for the reader. It
can also use special effects such as animation, sounds, and music.
Unlike with traditional printed documents, there is no extra cost for
full color. WEB PAGES are a type of electronic document; so are
catalogs, documentation, and multimedia presentations distributed
on CD-ROM. Ahn Decl. Ex. 5 (highlighting omitted text).
8
9
10
11
12
13 The non-highlighted text, which is the portion cited in Apple’s brief, does not state or remotely
14 suggest that an “electronic document” must be stored as a single file. Moreover, Apple omits the
15 highlighted text from its brief. This text identifies effects such as animation, sounds, and music,
16 all of which are distinct files that may form part of an “electronic document.” Thus, Apple’s
17 extrinsic evidence fails to support Apple, and simply bolsters Samsung’s construction.
18
The intrinsic and extrinsic evidence confirm the position taken previously by both the
19 Court and Apple: an “electronic document” is “content having a defined set of boundaries that can
20 be visually represented on the screen” and is not limited to a single file.
21 II.
U.S. PATENT NO. 7,864,163
22
23
Claim Term
24
Structured
Electronic
Document
25
26
27
28
Apple’s Proposed
Construction
“an ‘electronic document,’ as
previously defined, that is
formatted to differentiate
particular blocks or boxes of
content in the document from
one another,” with the
clarification that “a ‘structured
electronic document’ could be,
Samsung’s Proposed
Construction
“an electronic document that
includes at least one visual
structural element.”
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1
Claim Term
2
3
4
5
6
Apple’s Proposed
Construction
for example, a web page, an
HTML or XML document, or
a document in which the
blocks or boxes of content are
defined by a style sheet
language.”
Samsung’s Proposed
Construction
The parties agree in principle that the term “structured electronic document” in the ’163
7 patent should be consistent with and follow the construction of the term “electronic document” for
8 the ’381 patent. Aside from the disagreement over the meaning of “electronic document,” the
9 parties also dispute the meaning of the term “structured.” Consistent with the claim language, the
10 specification and the proper construction for “electronic document,” Samsung’s construction
11 focuses on the visual aspect of a structured electronic document.
By contrast, Apple’s
12 construction ignores the visual aspects and focuses on aspects that deviate from the plain claim
13 language and that would be confusing to the jury.
14
A.
"Structured Electronic Document" Refers To A Visual Depiction On The
Touch-Screen Device.
15
Just as was the case for the term “electronic document” in the ’381 patent, the term
16
“structured electronic document” as used in the ’163 patent refers to content that is visually
17
displayed to the user. Although Apple would like to impose limitations as to how information is
18
stored, there is absolutely no basis for such a narrowing.5 Claim 50 emphasizes the visual nature
19
of a “structured electronic document.” It describes “displaying at least a portion of a structured
20
electronic document on the touch screen display.” Ex. 7: ’163 patent at claim 50 (emphasis
21
added). It describes a portable electronic device capable of “detecting” gestures “at a location on
22
the displayed portion of the structured electronic document.” And, in response to these user
23
gestures, claim 50 describes instructions for “enlarging and translating the structured electronic
24
document.” This context explicitly contemplates that the “structured electronic document” is
25
26
5
Samsung agrees that a structured electronic document is stored in memory, but there is no
27 basis in the intrinsic or extrinsic record for limiting the particular way in which a structured
electronic document is stored.
28
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1 something that is viewed and manipulated by the user of the portable electronic device. Indeed, it
2 would make no sense to construe the term “structured electronic document” to mean information
3 stored in a specific manner because no such set of information is “enlarged and translated” in
4 response to user gestures.6 Instead, it is a visual depiction of some collection of information that
5 is “enlarged and translated” on the touch-screen display. Claim 50 simply contains no limitation
6 on how the content displayed within the “structured electronic document” must be stored in
7 memory.
8
B.
9
The Structured Electronic Document Need Not Contain Blocks Or Boxes Of
Content “In The Document.”
10
Based on its proposed construction and opening brief, it is not clear whether and to what
11 extent Apple is attempting to impose further limitations to the term “structured electronic
12 document.” But, as presently phrased, Apple’s proposed construction could prove problematic.
13 For instance, according to Apple’s construction, a “structured electronic document” must contain
14 “blocks or boxes of content in the document.” (Apple’s Opening Br. at 7 (emphasis added)).
15 Because Apple suggests that a “document” is a single file stored in memory, this limitation might
16 be read to support the mistaken view that all the content comprising a “structured electronic
17 document” derive from a single file.7
18
19
6
Although Mr. Gray describes a “structured electronic document” by reference to
20 underlying coding in his expert report, his position has always been that the term “structured
electronic document” refers to something visual on the touch-screen display. Ex. 8: Expert
21
Invalidity Report of Stephen Gray at ¶ 274 (“a ‘structured electronic document’ refers to any type
of two dimensional information space . . . . [C]oding is embedded within the content of the
22
document and specifies how elements or objects are to be arranged within the information space
23 and relative to one another.”). He has never implied that a “structured electronic document”
requires all the underlying content and coding to be contained within a single file.
7
24
In an effort to reinforce this view, Apple’s opening brief is littered with references to its
merits arguments, made in opposition to Samsung’s motion for summary judgment. For
25
example, Apple characterizes LaunchTile as “conceptually independent application tiles arranged
26 onto a grid for display,” (Apple’s Br. at 8), and a “programmatically assembled . . . display of
grids of distinct application program tiles,” (Apple’s Br. at 10). Even if Apple’s construction of
27 the claim terms were correct, Samsung disagrees with these characterizations of LaunchTile, but it
will present its arguments to the jury. Suffice it to say, Apple’s urging the Court to construe the
28
(footnote continued)
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1
Again, this position does not find support in the ’163 patent. In fact, in one detailed
2 embodiment, the ’163 patent specification discusses how a “structured electronic document” can
3 contain embedded “inline media” objects that would not necessarily be stored in the same file as
4 the rest of the content comprising the “structured electronic document.” Ex. 7: ’163 patent at col.
5 16 ll. 27-29, col. 23 ll. 13-20. According to the patent, such “inline multimedia” objects might
6 include “QuickTime content (4002-1), Windows Media content (4002-2), or Flash content (40027 3).” Id. at col. 22 ll. 41-44. A “first gesture . . . on an item of inline multimedia content”
8 enlarges the multimedia object, while other content in the structured electronic document “ceases
9 to be displayed.” Id. at col. 23 ll. 24-25, 31-37; col. 23 ll. 65 - col. 24 ll. 42; see also fig. 8.
10 Because this embodiment expressly contemplates “boxes of content” within the “structured
11 electronic document” that are not necessarily stored in one, single file, the Court should reject
12 Apple’s proposed construction. See Primos v. Hunter’s Specialties, 451 F. 3d 841, 849 (Fed. Cir.
13 2006) (a court should not normally interpret a claim term to exclude a preferred embodiment).
14
C.
A "Structured Electronic Document" Need Not Be “Formatted To
Differentiate” Regions of Content From One Another.
15
Finally, the Court should reject Apple’s proposed construction to the extent it might be
16
read to require a “structured electronic document” be “formatted” to itself differentiate “particular
17
blocks or boxes of content . . . from one another.” Although a “structured electronic document”
18
might be formatted to display visually differentiated regions, there is no requirement that any
19
formatting actively do the differentiating. In fact, because claim 50 contains a further limitation
20
“for determining a first box in the plurality of boxes at the location of the first gesture,” the Court
21
should avoid reading this very same limitation into the meaning of “structured electronic
22
document.” Bicon v. Straumann, 441 F.3d 945, 950 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (a court should avoid a
23
construction that renders terms superfluous).
24
25
26
term “structured electronic document” in a manner that would avoid the prior art is improper.
27 See Saunders Grp., Inc. v. Comfortrac, Inc., 492 F.3d 1326, 1335 (Fed. Cir. 2007) (“[T]he court’s
validity analysis cannot be used as basis for adopting a narrow construction of the claims.”).
28
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1
In short, there is no basis in the intrinsic evidence for adopting Apple’s proposed
2 limitations on the term “structured electronic document.”8 The Court should adopt Samsung’s
3 proposed construction and hold that “structured electronic document” means “content having a
4 defined set of boundaries that can be visually represented on a screen that includes at least one
5 visual structural element.”
6
CONCLUSION
7
For the forgoing reasons, the Court should adopt Samsung’s proposed construction for the
8 term “electronic document” in the ’381 patent, and Samsung’s proposed construction for the term
9 “structured electronic document” in the ’163 patent.
10
11 DATED: July 10, 2012
12
QUINN EMANUEL URQUHART &
SULLIVAN, LLP
By /s/ Victoria F. Maroulis
Victoria F. Maroulis
Attorneys for SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS
CO., LTD., SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS
AMERICA, INC., and SAMSUNG
TELECOMMUNICATIONS AMERICA, LLC
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
8
As was the case for the ’381 patent, Samsung also objects to Apple’s proposal that the Court
provide the jury with a hand-picked set of exemplary “structured electronic documents.”
27 Samsung’s proposed construction is more than adequate, and such a clarification can only risk
misleading the jury as to the scope of the claims.
28
26
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