Bailey v. Household Finance Corporation of California et al
Filing
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ORDER: The (Doc. 80 ) Motion to Compel Arbitration filed by Defendant Household Finance Corporation of California is granted. Plaintiff's claims against Defendant Household Finance Corporation of California are dismissed without prejudice and t he parties are ordered to proceed to arbitration in accordance with the terms of the Agreement. Defendant Household Finance's alternative request to stay this action as to Defendant Household Finance is denied as moot. Signed by Judge William Q. Hayes on 10/28/2011. (mdc)
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
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SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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DEBRA ANN BAILEY et al.,
CASE NO. 10cv857 WQH (RBB)
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ORDER
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Plaintiff,
vs.
HOUSEHOLD FINANCE
CORPORATION OF CALIFORNIA,
HSBC FINANCE CORPORATION,
HSBC CARD SERVICES INC., HSBC
BANK NEVADA, N.A.,
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Defendants.
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17 HAYES, Judge:
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The matter before the Court is the Motion to Compel Arbitration and Stay Action filed
19 by Defendant Household Finance Corporation of California (ECF No. 80).
20 I.
Background
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On April 23, 2010, Defendant Household Finance Corporation of California
22 (“Household Finance”) removed this class action complaint from the Superior Court of
23 California for the County of San Diego. (ECF No. 1). On June 7, 2010, Plaintiff Debra Ann
24 Bailey (“Plaintiff”) filed a First Amended Complaint. (ECF No. 14). Plaintiff alleges that in
25 2007 she received a loan from Household Finance. Plaintiff alleges that she made payments
26 on the loan until July 2009. Plaintiff alleges that she also received a credit card from HSBC
27 Finance Corp, HSBC Card Services, Inc., and HSBC Nevada, N.A. Plaintiff alleges that she
28 made payments on the credit card until July 2009. Plaintiff alleges that “beginning in July
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1 2009, Defendants persisted in a course of action in making hundreds of telephone calls to
2 Plaintiff, mainly on her cellular telephone but also to her land line home phone, in an attempt
3 to coerce her to make payments on her loans.” (ECF No. 14 at 7 ¶ 27). Plaintiff has asserted
4 the following claims against all Defendants: (1) violation of the California Rosenthal Fair Debt
5 Collection Practices Act; (2) violation of California’s Invasion of Privacy Act; (3) violation
6 of the federal Telephone Consumer Protection Act; and (4) violation of California Business
7 and Professions Code section 17200 et seq.1
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On September 14, 2011, Defendant Household Finance filed a Motion to Compel
9 Arbitration and Stay Action. On October 3, 2011, Plaintiff filed an Opposition. On October
10 7, 2011, Defendant Household Finance filed a Reply.
11 II.
Discussion
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Defendant Household Finance “moves to compel arbitration of all claims brought
13 against it by Plaintiff [Bailey].”2 (ECF No. 80-1 at 7). Defendant contends that the loan
14 agreement that Plaintiff entered into with Household Finance contained an “Arbitration Rider”
15 which provides that any claim must be resolved in arbitration and contains a waiver of a class
16 action. Defendant contends that prior to the Supreme Court’s recent decision in AT&T
17 Mobility LLC v. Concepcion, __ U.S. __, 131 S.Ct. 1740 (2011) (“Concepcion”), the class
18 action waiver “would have been unenforceable in the Circuit.” (ECF No. 80-1 at 7).
19 Defendant Household Finance contends that given the change in law, it has not waived its right
20 to arbitration.
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Defendant has submitted the “Loan Repayment and Security Agreement”
22 (“Agreement”) which contains an “Arbitration Rider” that states:
This Arbitration Rider is signed as part of Your Agreement with Lender
and is made a part of that Agreement. By signing this Arbitration Rider,
you agree that either Lender or you may request that any claim, dispute,
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On November 4, 2010, this Court dismissed Plaintiff’s claim that Defendants violated
26 California’s Unfair Competition Law. (ECF No. 34).
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Defendant Household Finance states that “Plaintiff has also sued her credit card issuer
HSBC Bank Nevada, N.A., and her credit card servicer, HSBC Card Services, Inc., related to
28 a credit card account that is separate from her unsecured personal loan. This motion does not
concern those defendants or that account.” (ECF No. 80-1 at 7 n.1).
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or controversy (whether based upon contract; tort, intentional or
otherwise; constitution; statute; common law; or equity and whether
preexisting, present, or future), including initial claims, counter-claims,
cross-claims, and third party claims, arising from or relating to this
Agreement or the relationships which result from this Agreement,
including the validity or enforceability of this arbitration clause, any
part thereof or the entire Agreement (‘Claim’), shall be resolved, upon
the election of you or us by binding arbitration pursuant to this
arbitration provision ....
6 (ECF No. 80-2 at 12). The “Arbitration Rider” contains a “Class Action Waiver Provision”
7 that states:
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No class actions or private attorney general actions in court or in
arbitration or joinder or consolidation of claims in court or with other
persons are permitted in arbitration without the written consent of the
parties. The validity and effect of the preceding sentence (herein
referred to as the ‘Class Action Waiver Provision’) shall be determined
exclusively by a court and not by an arbitrator. Neither the
administrator nor any arbitrator shall have the power or authority to
waive, modify or fail to enforce the Class Action Waiver Provision, and
any attempt to do so, whether by rule, policy, arbitration decision or
otherwise, shall be invalid and unenforceable.
Id. at 13.
Plaintiff contends that Defendant Household Finance has waived its right to arbitrate
15 on the grounds that it has actively litigated this case over the past eighteen months. Plaintiff
16 contends that putative class members would be prejudiced by arbitration on the grounds that
17 they would not have adequate time to file other actions due to approaching statute of
18 limitations. Plaintiff contends that the Court should require that notice be given to the “class
19 members” if the Court grants the Motion to Compel Arbitration. (ECF No. 86 at 7).
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A.
Federal Arbitration Act
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The Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”) “was enacted ... in response to widespread judicial
22 hostility to arbitration agreements.” Concepcion, 131 S. Ct. at 1745 (citation omitted). Section
23 2 of the FAA states: “A written provision in any ... contract evidencing a transaction involving
24 commerce to settle by arbitration a controversy thereafter arising out of such contract or
25 transaction ... shall be valid, irrevocable, and enforceable, save upon such grounds as exist at
26 law or in equity for the revocation of any contract.” 9 U.S.C. § 2. The Supreme Court has
27 described Section 2 “as reflecting both a liberal federal policy favoring arbitration and the
28 fundamental principle that arbitration is a matter of contract.” Concepcion, 131 S. Ct. at 1745
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1 (quotations omitted). “In line with these principles, courts must place arbitration agreements
2 on an equal footing with other contracts, and enforce them according to their terms.” Id. at
3 1745-46 (citations omitted). “When state law prohibits outright the arbitration of a particular
4 type of claim, the analysis is straightforward: The conflicting rule is displaced by the FAA.”
5 Id. at 1747 (citation omitted).
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“Because the FAA mandates that district courts shall direct the parties to proceed to
7 arbitration on issues as to which an arbitration agreement has been signed, the FAA limits
8 courts’ involvement to determining (1) whether a valid agreement to arbitrate exists and, if it
9 does, (2) whether the agreement encompasses the dispute at issue.” Cox v. Ocean View Hotel
10 Corp., 533 F.3d 1114, 1119 (9th Cir. 2008) (emphasis in original; quotation omitted). “If the
11 response is affirmative on both counts, then the [FAA] requires the court to enforce the
12 arbitration agreement in accordance with its terms.” Chiron Corp. v. Ortho Diagnostic Sys.,
13 Inc., 207 F.3d 1126, 1130 (9th Cir. 2000).
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In this case, it is undisputed that the arbitration agreement encompasses the dispute at
15 issue between Plaintiff and Defendant Household Finance.
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B.
Waiver
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In determining whether arbitration has been waived pursuant to California law, a court
18 may consider the following factors:
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(1) whether the party’s actions are inconsistent with the right to arbitrate; (2)
whether the litigation machinery has been substantially invoked and the parties
were well into preparation of a lawsuit before the party notified the opposing
party of an intent to arbitrate; (3) whether a party either requested arbitration
enforcement close to the trial date or delayed for a long period before seeking
a stay; (4) whether a defendant seeking arbitration filed a counterclaim without
asking for a stay of the proceedings; (5) whether important intervening steps
[e.g., taking advantage of judicial discovery procedures not available in
arbitration] had taken place; and (6) whether the delay affected, misled, or
prejudiced the opposing party.
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Cox v. Ocean View Hotel Corp., 533 F.3d 1114, 1124 (9th Cir. 2008) (quoting St. Agnes Med.
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Ctr. v. PacifiCare of Cal., 31 Cal. 4th 1187, 1196 (2003)). The waiver inquiry “must be
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conducted in light of the strong federal policy favoring enforcement of arbitration agreements.”
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Id. at 1125 (quoting Fisher v. A.G. Becker Paribas Inc., 791 F.2d 691, 694 (9th Cir. 1986)).
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“Because waiver of the right to arbitration is disfavored, any party arguing waiver of
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1 arbitration bears a heavy burden of proof.” Fisher, 791 F.2d at 694 (quotation omitted); see
2 also Sobremonte v. Superior Court, 61 Cal. App. 4th 980, 991 (1998) (“Since arbitration is a
3 strongly favored means of resolving disputes, courts must closely scrutinize any claims of
4 waiver. A party claiming that the right to arbitrate has been waived has a heavy burden of
5 proof.”) (quotation omitted).
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The Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit has held that a party does not act
7 inconsistently with the right to arbitrate by failing to seek to enforce an arbitration agreement
8 that would be unenforceable under then-existing law. See Letizia v. Prudential Bache Sec.,
9 Inc., 802 F.2d 1185, 1187 (9th Cir. 1986) (“It is undisputed that defendants did not seek
10 arbitration until after the close of discovery, nine months after their answer was filed....
11 [T]here could be no waiver here because there was no existing right to arbitration....
12 Defendants actively pursued their right to arbitrate as soon as they believed, in good faith, that
13 they had such a right.”); Fisher v. A.G. Becker Paribas, Inc., 791 F.2d 691, 697 (9th Cir. 1986)
14 (“Until the Supreme Court’s decision in Byrd, the arbitration agreement in this case was
15 unenforceable. Therefore, the [plaintiffs] have failed to demonstrate that [defendant] acted
16 inconsistently with a known existing right to compel arbitration.”). In this case, Defendant
17 could have reasonably believed that, prior to Conception, California courts would have found
18 the arbitration agreement to be unenforceable. A few months after Conception was decided,
19 Defendants filed the Motion to Compel Arbitration. Accordingly, Plaintiff has failed to show
20 that Defendants acted inconsistently with a known right to arbitrate. See Fisher, 791 F.2d at
21 697.
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The approximate ten-month delay between Defendant’s Answer and the Motion to
23 Compel Arbitration is less than the three-year delay in Fisher. Defendant Household Finance
24 has not filed any dispositive motions, the motion for class certification was filed after the
25 motion to compel arbitration, and no trial date has been set. The Court finds that the second
26 and third waiver factors (i.e., “whether the litigation machinery has been substantially
27 invoked” and “whether a party either requested arbitration enforcement close to the trial date
28 or delayed for a long period before seeking a stay”) do not favor a finding of waiver. Cox, 533
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1 F.3d at 1124 (quotation omitted). Defendant did not file a counterclaim, and there is no
2 showing that Defendant obtained discovery which would not have been available in arbitration.
3 Cf. id. (fourth and fifth waiver factors). Although Plaintiff contends that putative class
4 members will be prejudiced by compelled arbitration, there has been no class certified in this
5 case.3 The Court finds that Plaintiff has failed to establish that “the delay [in moving to
6 compel arbitration] affected, misled, or prejudiced” Plaintiff within the meaning of the relevant
7 caselaw. Cox, 533 F.3d at 1124.
After considering the relevant factors, the Court finds that Defendant Household
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9 Finance has not waived the right to compel arbitration. The Court finds that the dispute
10 between Plaintiff and Defendant Household Finance should be compelled to arbitration in
11 accordance with the Agreement.
Under the FAA, “[t]he court shall hear the parties, and upon being satisfied that the
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13 making of the agreement for arbitration or the failure to comply therewith is not in issue, the
14 court shall make an order directing the parties to proceed to arbitration in accordance with the
15 terms of the agreement.” 9 U.S.C. § 4. “By its terms, the [FAA] ‘leaves no place for the
16 exercise of discretion by a district court, but instead mandates that district courts shall direct
17 the parties to proceed to arbitration on issues as to which an arbitration agreement has been
18 signed.’” Chiron Corp. v. Ortho Diagnostic Sys., Inc., 207 F.3d 1126, 1130 (9th Cir. 2000)
19 (quoting Dean Witter Reynolds Inc. v. Byrd, 470 U.S. 213, 218 (1985)). Accordingly, the
20 Court dismisses without prejudice Plaintiff’s claims against Defendant Household Finance and
21 orders the parties to proceed to arbitration in accordance with the terms of the Agreement.4
22 III.
Conclusion
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IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the Motion to Compel Arbitration filed by Defendant
24 Household Finance Corporation of California (ECF No. 80) is GRANTED. Plaintiff’s claims
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Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23 notice requirements do not apply because there
has been no class certified in this case and the parties have not settled or voluntarily dismissed
27 any class action claim.
Defendant Household Finance’s alternative request to stay this action as to Defendant
Household Finance is DENIED as moot.
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1 against Defendant Household Finance Corporation of California are dismissed without
2 prejudice and the parties are ordered to proceed to arbitration in accordance with the terms of
3 the Agreement.
4 DATED: October 28, 2011
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WILLIAM Q. HAYES
United States District Judge
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