Weir v. Szumowski et al
Filing
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ORDER DISMISSING First Amended Complaint without Prejudice for Failing to State a Claim. Signed by Judge Gonzalo P. Curiel on 9/18/2013.(All non-registered users served via U.S. Mail Service)(knb)
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
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SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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ZACHARY L. WEIR,
Inmate No. 12548161,
Plaintiff,
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Civil No.
vs.
ROBERT M. SZUMOWSKI, Judge; KERRY
WELLS, Judge; CHARLES R. GILL, Judge;
FREDERIC McGUIRE, Judge; BRENDEN
McHUGH, Deputy District Attorney;
EUKETA OLIVER, Public Defender;
WILLIAM STEARNS, Supervising Public
Defender; WILLIAM STRALKA, Trial
Counsel,
13cv1021 GPC (MDD)
ORDER DISMISSING FIRST
AMENDED COMPLAINT
WITHOUT PREJUDICE FOR
FAILING TO STATE A
CLAIM PURSUANT TO
28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(b) & 1915A(b)
Defendants.
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I.
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PROCEDURAL HISTORY
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On April 16, 2013, Zachary Weir (“Plaintiff”), an inmate currently housed at Atascadero
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State Hospital located in Atascadero, California, filed this civil action in the Northern District
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of California. (ECF No. 1.) Plaintiff also filed a Motion to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (“IFP”)
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pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a). (ECF No. 2.) On April 30, 2013, United States Magistrate
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13cv1021 GPC (MDD)
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Judge Elizabeth Laporte determined that the majority of Plaintiff’s claims arose in San Diego
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and therefore, transferred the action to the Southern District of California. (ECF No. 4.)
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This Court granted Plaintiff’s Motion to Proceed IFP but simultaneously dismissed his
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Complaint for seeking monetary damages against immune defendants and for failing to state a
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claim pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(B) & 1915A. (ECF No. 7.) On June 12, 2013,
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Plaintiff filed his First Amended Complaint (“FAC”). (ECF No. 9.) In his First Amended
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Complaint, Plaintiff no longer names Robert Szumowski, Kerry Wells, Charles Gill, Frederic
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McGuire, Euketa Oliver, Williams Stearns or William Stralka as Defendants. Thus, the Court
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finds that Plaintiff has waived his claims against them and DISMISSES these Defendants from
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this action. See King v. Atiyeh, 814 F.2d 565, 567 (9th Cir. 1987).
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II.
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SUA SPONTE SCREENING PURSUANT TO 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2) & 1915A(b)
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As the Court stated in its previous Order, notwithstanding payment of any filing fee or
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portion thereof, the Prison Litigation Reform Act (“PLRA”) requires courts to review complaints
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filed by prisoners against officers or employees of governmental entities and dismiss those or
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any portion of those found frivolous, malicious, failing to state a claim upon which relief may
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be granted, or seeking monetary relief from a defendant immune from such relief. See 28 U.S.C.
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§§ 1915(e)(2)(B) and 1915A; Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1126-27 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc)
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(§ 1915(e)(2)); Resnick v. Hayes, 213 F.3d 443, 446 (9th Cir. 2000) (§ 1915A).
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Prior to the PLRA, the former 28 U.S.C. § 1915(d) permitted sua sponte dismissal of only
Lopez, 203 F.3d at 1126, 1130.
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frivolous and malicious claims.
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§§ 1915(e)(2) and 1915A now mandate that the court reviewing a prisoner’s suit make and rule
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on its own motion to dismiss before directing that the complaint be served by the U.S. Marshal
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pursuant to FED. R. CIV. P. 4(c)(2). Id. at 1127 (“[S]ection 1915(e) not only permits, but requires
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a district court to dismiss an in forma pauperis complaint that fails to state a claim.”); Barren v.
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Harrington, 152 F.3d 1193, 1194 (9th Cir. 1998). The district court should grant leave to
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amend, however, unless it determines that “the pleading could not possibly be cured by the
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allegation of other facts” and if it appears “at all possible that the plaintiff can correct the
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However 28 U.S.C.
13cv1021 GPC (MDD)
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defect.” Lopez, 203 F.3d at 1130-31 (citing Doe v. United States, 58 F.3d 494, 497 (9th Cir.
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1995); Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 701 (9th Cir. 1990)).
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“[W]hen determining whether a complaint states a claim, a court must accept as true all
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allegations of material fact and must construe those facts in the light most favorable to the
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plaintiff.” Resnick, 213 F.3d at 447; Barren, 152 F.3d at 1194 (noting that § 1915(e)(2)
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“parallels the language of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6)”). However, while liberal
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construction is “particularly important in civil rights cases,” Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258,
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1261 (9th Cir. 1992), the court may nevertheless not “supply essential elements of the claim that
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were not initially pled.” Ivey v. Board of Regents of the University of Alaska, 673 F.2d 266, 268
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(9th Cir. 1982).
As currently pleaded, it is clear that Plaintiff’s First Amended Complaint fails to state a
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cognizable claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983.
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requirements upon a claimant: (1) that a person acting under color of state law committed the
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conduct at issue, and (2) that the conduct deprived the claimant of some right, privilege, or
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immunity protected by the Constitution or laws of the United States. See 42 U.S.C. § 1983;
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Parratt v. Taylor, 451 U.S. 527, 535 (1981), overruled on other grounds by Daniels v. Williams,
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474 U.S. 327, 328 (1986); Haygood v. Younger, 769 F.2d 1350, 1354 (9th Cir. 1985) (en banc).
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First, the Court finds that the entirety of Plaintiff’s First Amended Complaint contains
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challenges to either his pending criminal matter or his past criminal conviction. “In any § 1983
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action, the first question is whether § 1983 is the appropriate avenue to remedy the alleged
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wrong.” Haygood v. Younger, 769 F.2d 1350, 1353 (9th Cir. 1985) (en banc). A prisoner in
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state custody simply may not use a § 1983 civil rights action to challenge the “fact or duration
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of his confinement.” Preiser v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 475, 489 (1973). The prisoner must seek
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federal habeas corpus relief instead. Wilkinson v. Dotson, 544 U.S. 74, 78 (2005) (quoting
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Preiser, 411 U.S. at 489). “[W]hen a state prisoner seeks damages in a § 1983 suit, the district
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court must consider whether a judgment in favor of the plaintiff would necessarily imply the
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invalidity of his conviction or sentence; if it would, the complaint must be dismissed unless the
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plaintiff can demonstrate that the conviction or sentence has already been invalidated.” Heck
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Section 1983 imposes two essential proof
13cv1021 GPC (MDD)
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v. Humphrey, 512 U.S. 477, 487 (1994). Thus, Plaintiff’s § 1983 action may be “barred (absent
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prior invalidation)–no matter the relief sought (damages or equitable relief), no matter the target
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of his suit (state conduct leading to conviction or internal prison proceedings)–if success in that
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action would necessarily demonstrate the invalidity of confinement or its duration.” Wilkinson,
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544 U.S. at 82.
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In this case, some of Plaintiff’s claims, particularly those alleging a “malicious”
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prosecution, may “necessarily imply the invalidity” of his confinement or its duration. Heck, 512
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U.S. at 487; Wilkinson, 544 U.S. at 82. In creating a favorable termination rule in Heck, the
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Supreme Court relied on “the hoary principle that civil tort actions are not appropriate vehicles
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for challenging the validity of outstanding criminal judgments.” Heck, 511 U.S. at 486. Thus,
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to the extent Plaintiff challenges the constitutional validity of an outstanding conviction or
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sentence, to satisfy Heck’s “favorable termination” rule, he must allege facts which show that
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the “malicious prosecution” which forms the basis of his § 1983 suit has already been:
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(1) reversed on direct appeal; (2) expunged by executive order; (3) declared invalid by a state
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tribunal authorized to make such a determination; or (4) called into question by the grant of a
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writ of habeas corpus. Heck, 512 U.S. at 487 (emphasis added); see also Butterfield v. Bail, 120
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F.3d 1023, 1025 (9th Cir. 1997).
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Plaintiff has alleged no facts sufficient to satisfy Heck. Thus, any claims pertaining to
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the legality of his criminal proceedings may be barred by Heck. See, e.g., Guerrero v. Gates,
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442 F.3d 697, 703 (9th Cir. 2006) (Heck barred plaintiff’s civil rights claims alleging wrongful
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arrest, malicious prosecution and conspiracy among police officers to bring false charges against
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him).
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Moreover, to the extent Plaintiff also names San Diego Deputy District Attorney Brenden
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McHugh for instituting a “malicious prosecution” against him, his First Amended Complaint
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must be dismissed. Criminal prosecutors are absolutely immune from civil damages suits
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premised upon acts committed within the scope of their official duties which are “intimately
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associated with the judicial phase of the criminal process.” Imbler v. Pachtman, 424 U.S. 409,
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430 (1976); see also Buckley v. Fitzsimmons, 509 U.S. 259, 272-73 (1993); Burns v. Reed, 500
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U.S. 478, 487-93 (1991). A prosecutor is immune even when the prosecutor’s malicious or
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dishonest action deprived the defendant of his or her liberty. Ashelman, 793 F.2d at 1075.
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Thus, Plaintiff’s claims against this Defendant are dismissed for seeking monetary relief against
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defendants who are immune from such relief.
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III.
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CONCLUSION AND ORDER
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Good cause appearing, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED:
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Plaintiff’s First Amended Complaint is DISMISSED without prejudice for failing to
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state a claim upon which relief may be granted. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2) & § 1915A(b). In
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addition, the Court finds further amendment would be futile. See Cahill v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co.,
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80 F.3d 336, 339 (9th Cir. 1996) (denial of a leave to amend is not an abuse of discretion where
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further amendment would be futile); see also Robinson v. California Bd. of Prison Terms, 997
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F. Supp. 1303, 1308 (C.D. Cal. 1998) (“Since plaintiff has not, and cannot, state a claim
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containing an arguable basis in law, this action should be dismissed without leave to amend; any
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amendment would be futile.”) (citing Newland v. Dalton, 81 F.3d 904, 907 (9th Cir. 1996)).
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IT IS FURTHER CERTIFIED that an IFP appeal from this final order of dismissal
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would not appear to be taken “in good faith” pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(3). See Coppedge
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v. United States, 369 U.S. 438, 445 (1962); Gardner v. Pogue, 558 F.2d 548, 550 (9th Cir. 1977)
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(indigent appellant is permitted to proceed IFP on appeal only if appeal would not be frivolous).
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The Clerk shall close the file.
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DATED: September 18, 2013
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HON. GONZALO P. CURIEL
United States District Judge
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