Obesity Research Institute, LLC v. Fiber Research International, LLC et al
Filing
367
ORDER re: Obesity Research Institute, LLC's 330 Motion to File Documents Under Seal. It is ordered that the Court grants in part and denies in part ORI's motion for leave to file documents under seal in ECF No. 216, and grants the mot ion in its entirety for ECF Nos. 190, 221, 223, 231, 234, 247, and 250. The Court also denies the motion it its entirety for ECF No. 276. Where portions of briefs, exhibits, or other documents have been sealed, and if not already available on the pu blic docket, ORI must also file these documents with the appropriate redactions on the public docket. More broadly, any documents where leave has not been granted to file under seal, such as documents where ORI has conceded sealing is not warrant ed, must also be filed on the public docket. For the purposes of this order, the Court acknowledges that ORI does not seek leave to file certain documents under seal insofar as ECF Nos. 236, 303, 312, and 318. As previously stated, if the documents at issue in ECF Nos. 236, 303, 312, and 318 are not subject to a sealing order, the appropriate party must file the documents at issue on the public docket.Signed by Judge Cynthia Bashant on 7/25/2017. (dxj)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
10
11
OBESITY RESEARCH INSTITUTE,
LLC,
12
Plaintiff,
13
14
15
16
Case No. 15-cv-595-BAS(MDD)
v.
ORDER RE: OBESITY
RESEARCH INSTITUTE, LLC’S
MOTION TO FILE
DOCUMENTS UNDER SEAL
[ECF No. 330]
FIBER RESEARCH
INTERNATIONAL, LLC, et al.,
Defendants.
17
18
AND RELATED COUNTERCLAIM
19
20
Presently before the Court is Plaintiff Obesity Research Institute, LLC’s
21
(“ORI”) renewed motion to file certain documents under seal. ORI indicates that its
22
counsel met and conferred with Defendant Fiber Research International, LLC’s
23
(“FRI”) counsel, and agreed that “each would be responsible for re-filing motions to
24
seal documents or materials that such party desires redacted or filed under seal,
25
regardless of which party originally filed the documents as redacted or under
26
seal[.]” (ORI’s Mot. 1:10-20.)
27
The Court will refer to each motion by its Electronic Case Filing number
28
(“ECF No.”) on the docket for the purposes of this order as it previously did in the
–1–
15cv595
1
March 17, 2017 Order, a format which ORI has also adopted in their renewed motion.
2
Both parties also did not re-submit the documents they seek to file under seal in both
3
redacted and unredacted form, a requirement for this district’s sealing procedure in
4
civil cases. This failure frequently made it difficult for the Court to determine
5
precisely what the parties sought to be sealed, particularly when the parties sought to
6
adjust redactions to existing documents.
7
8
I.
LEGAL STANDARD
9
“[T]he courts of this country recognize a general right to inspect and copy
10
public records and documents, including judicial records and documents.” Nixon v.
11
Warner Commc’ns, Inc., 435 U.S. 589, 597 (1978). “Unless a particular court record
12
is one ‘traditionally kept secret,’ a ‘strong presumption in favor of access’ is the
13
starting point.” Kamakana v. City & Cty. of Honolulu, 447 F.3d 1172, 1178 (9th Cir.
14
2006) (citing Foltz v. State Farm Mut. Auto Ins. Co., 331 F.3d 1122, 1135 (9th Cir.
15
2003)). “The presumption of access is ‘based on the need for federal courts, although
16
independent—indeed, particularly because they are independent—to have a measure
17
of accountability and for the public to have confidence in the administration of
18
justice.” Ctr. for Auto Safety v. Chrysler Grp., LLC, 809 F.3d 1092, 1096 (9th Cir.
19
2016) (quoting United States v. Amodeo, 71 F.3d 1044, 1048 (2d Cir. 1995)).
20
A party seeking to seal a judicial record bears the burden of overcoming the
21
strong presumption of access. Foltz, 331 F.3d at 1135. The showing required to meet
22
this burden depends upon whether the documents to be sealed relate to a motion that
23
is “more than tangentially related to the merits of the case.” Ctr. for Auto Safety, 809
24
F.3d at 1102. When the underlying motion is more than tangentially related to the
25
merits, the “compelling reasons” standard applies. Id. at 1096–98. When the
26
underlying motion does not surpass the tangential relevance threshold, the “good
27
cause” standard applies. Id.
28
//
–2–
15cv595
1
“In general, ‘compelling reasons’ sufficient to outweigh the public’s interest
2
in disclosure and justify sealing court records exists when such ‘court files might
3
have become a vehicle for improper purposes,’ such as the use of records to gratify
4
private spite, promote public scandal, circulate libelous statements, or release trade
5
secrets.” Kamakana, 447 F.3d at 1179 (quoting Nixon, 435 U.S. at 598). However,
6
“[t]he mere fact that the production of records may lead to a litigant’s embarrassment,
7
incrimination, or exposure to further litigation will not, without more, compel the
8
court to seal its records.” Id. (citing Foltz, 331 F.3d at 1136). The decision to seal
9
documents is “one best left to the sound discretion of the trial court” upon
10
consideration of “the relevant facts and circumstances of the particular case.” Nixon,
11
435 U.S. at 599.
12
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(c), generally, provides the “good cause”
13
standard for the purposes of sealing documents. See Kamakana, 447 F.3d at 1179.
14
The test applied is whether “‘good cause’ exists to protect th[e] information from
15
being disclosed to the public by balancing the needs for discovery against the need
16
for confidentiality.” Pintos v. Pac. Creditors Ass’n, 605 F.3d 665, 678 (9th Cir. 2010)
17
(quoting Phillips ex rel. Estates of Byrd v. Gen. Motors Corp., 307 F.3d 1206, 1213
18
(9th Cir. 2002)). Under Rule 26(c), only “a particularized showing of ‘good cause’ .
19
. . is sufficient to preserve the secrecy of sealed discovery documents[.]” In re
20
Midland Nat. Life Ins. Co. Annuity Sales Practices Litig., 686 F.3d 1115, 1119 (9th
21
Cir. 2012) (emphasis added); see also Kamakana, 447 F.3d at 1180 (requiring a
22
“particularized showing” of good cause). “Broad allegations of harm, unsubstantiated
23
by specific examples or articulated reasoning, do not satisfy the Rule 26(c) test.”
24
Beckman Indus., Inc. v. Int’l Ins. Co., 966 F.2d 470, 476 (9th Cir. 1992). Moreover,
25
a blanket protective order is not itself sufficient to show “good cause” for sealing
26
particular documents. See Foltz, 331 F.3d at 1133; Beckman Indus., 966 F.2d at 476;
27
San Jose Mercury News, Inc. v. U.S. District Court, N. Dist., 187 F.3d 1096, 1103
28
(9th Cir. 1999).
–3–
15cv595
1
II.
ANALYSIS
2
A.
ECF No. 190
3
In its renewed motion with respect to ECF No. 190, ORI requests leave to file
4
under seal portions of FRI’s motion to exclude Dr. Laura Lerner’s Report and
5
Testimony in addition to Exhibit 3 to the Flynn Declaration, which includes the Dr.
6
Lerner’s Expert Report and numerous supporting exhibits. As ORI describes, the
7
portions targeted for redaction and sealing generally appear to present or discuss
8
proprietary testing methods or other proprietary information warranting sealing.
9
Because ORI provides compelling reasons to seal portions of FRI’s motion in
10
addition to portions of Dr. Lerner’s Expert Report and certain supporting exhibits,
11
the Court GRANTS ORI’s motion for leave to file these documents under seal. (ECF
12
No. 190.) If it is not already available on the public docket, ORI must also file the
13
motion and/or expert report with the appropriate redactions on the public docket.
14
15
B.
ECF No. 216
16
In its renewed motion with respect to ECF No. 216, ORI narrows its request
17
to file portions of its memorandum in support of its motion to exclude Dr. Fahey and
18
Exhibit 5 to the Flaherty Declaration. ORI appears to properly target portions of the
19
memorandum that discusses proprietary information or material appropriate for
20
sealing, but fails to apply the same level of precision with respect to Exhibit 5, which
21
is a deposition transcript of James R. Ayres. For example, it is unclear how questions
22
about the witness’ education is appropriate for sealing. Sealing the entire deposition
23
transcript is too broad based on the explanation ORI provides.
24
Accordingly, the Court GRANTS IN PART and DENIES IN PART ORI’s
25
motion for leave to file these documents under seal. (ECF No. 216.) Specifically, the
26
Court GRANTS the request as to ORI’s memorandum and DENIES as to Exhibit 5.
27
Furthermore, the Court notes that ORI originally sought to also seal Exhibits 3, 4, 6,
28
9, 10, and 11 to the Flaherty Declaration. ORI appears to no longer seek to seal these
–4–
15cv595
1
exhibits. Thus, ORI must file these exhibits on the public docket.
2
3
C.
ECF No. 221
4
For the same reasons the Court granted ORI leave to file under seal portions
5
of the brief related to ECF No. 216, the Court also GRANTS ORI leave to file
6
portions of its opposition to FRI’s motion to exclude the report and testimony of Dr.
7
Laura Lerner. (ECF No. 221.) If it is not already available on the public docket, ORI
8
must also file its opposition brief with the appropriate redactions on the public docket.
9
10
D.
ECF No. 223
11
In its renewed motion with respect to ECF No. 223, ORI seeks leave to file
12
under seal portions of its opposition to FRI’s motion to exclude non-retained experts
13
in addition to Exhibits 6 and 7, which are both deposition transcripts. ORI also
14
concedes that Exhibit 4, which it previously sought to file under seal, would not
15
satisfy the compelling-reasons standard.
16
For the same reasons the Court granted ORI leave to file under seal portions
17
of the brief related to ECF No. 216, the Court also GRANTS ORI leave to file under
18
seal portions of its opposition to FRI’s motion to exclude non-retained experts. (ECF
19
No. 221.) The Court is giving ORI some latitude regarding the memorandum as all
20
of the content identified for sealing may not meet the compelling-reasons standard.
21
For example, general statements regarding Mr. Ayers’ knowledge of the “specific
22
formulation” and communications with manufacturers about “current specifications”
23
lack the specificity warranting sealing. (ORI’s Mot. 13:3-7, ECF No. 224.)
24
Similarly, most of the content targeted for sealing in Exhibits 6 and 7 satisfies
25
the compelling-reasons standard, though at certain points the redactions were over-
26
inclusive. Taking an example from the Ayres Deposition, redacting the attorney’s
27
statement that an individual has “left the room” and the request for the reporter to
28
“read the question back” does not meet the compelling-reasons standard warranting
–5–
15cv595
1
sealing. (Ayres Dep. 47:3-5.) The Court will nonetheless give ORI some latitude here
2
and GRANT its request to seal portions of Exhibits 6 and 7.
3
ORI is reminded that because Exhibit 4 is not subject to a sealing order, it must
4
file the entire exhibit on the public docket. It must also file the exhibits with revised
5
redactions on the public docket.
6
7
E.
ECF No. 231
8
ORI appears to properly target portions of the FRI’s reply in support of its
9
motion to exclude Dr. Lerner’s report and testimony that discusses material
10
appropriate for sealing. Furthermore, Exhibits 2 and 3 appear to contain information
11
about proprietary testing methods. Therefore, the Court GRANTS ORI’s request for
12
leave to file under seal portions of FRI’s reply and Exhibits 2 and 3. (ECF No. 231.)
13
14
F.
ECF No. 234
15
For the same reasons the Court granted ORI leave to file under Exhibits 2 and
16
3 related to ECF No. 231, the Court also GRANTS ORI leave to file under seal
17
Exhibits 1 and 2 to the Persinger Declaration. (ECF No. 233.)
18
19
G.
ECF No. 247
20
ORI only renews its request for leave to file portions of Exhibit 5 under seal.
21
It concedes Exhibit 8 “likely would not satisfy the compelling reasons standard[.]”
22
For the same reasons the Court granted ORI leave to file exhibits under seal related
23
to ECF No. 234, the Court also GRANTS ORI leave to file portions of Exhibit 5
24
under seal. (ECF No. 247.) ORI is reminded that because Exhibit 8 is not subject to
25
a sealing order, it must file the entire exhibit on the public docket. Furthermore, if it
26
is not already available on the public docket, ORI must also file Exhibit 5 with the
27
appropriate redactions on the public docket.
28
//
–6–
15cv595
1
H.
ECF No. 250
2
In its renewed motion, ORI narrows its request to file portions of its reply in
3
support of its motion to exclude Dr. Fahey. With its revisions, ORI appears to
4
properly target portions of its reply that discusses material appropriate for sealing.
5
Therefore, the Court GRANTS ORI leave to file portions of its reply under seal.
6
(ECF No. 250.) ORI is reminded that it must file its reply with the revised redactions
7
on the public docket.
8
9
I.
ECF No. 276
10
In its renewed motion to file portions of its pretrial disclosures under seal, ORI
11
contends that the good-cause standard applies. Even if the lower good-cause standard
12
is the one properly applied, it is unclear how general descriptions of particular
13
documents or exhibits contained in an index satisfies that standard. The first entry in
14
that index ORI seeks leave to file under seal describes a graph regarding viscosity.
15
Not the graph itself or any specific information in the graph, but merely that a graph
16
exists. In another example, a reference is made to a distribution and claim-assignment
17
agreement. Again, there are no specifics regarding the contents of that agreement,
18
but merely that one exists. This is a common occurrence in the portions of the index
19
in the pretrial disclosures that ORI seeks to file under seal. Such general descriptions
20
fail to even meet the good-cause standard.
21
22
Accordingly, the Court DENIES ORI’s request for leave to file portions of its
pretrial disclosures under seal. (ECF No. 276.)
23
24
J.
ECF Nos. 236, 303, 312, & 318
25
ORI states that it “does not contend that the material filed under seal previously
26
brought” in ECF Nos. 236, 303, 312, and 318 “merit sealing.” If the documents
27
identified in these requests are not subject to a sealing order, the appropriate party
28
must file the documents at issue in ECF Nos. 236, 303, 312, and 318 on the public
–7–
15cv595
1
docket.
2
3
III.
CONCLUSION & ORDER
4
In light of the foregoing, the Court GRANTS IN PART and DENIES IN
5
PART ORI’s motion for leave to file documents under seal in ECF No. 216, and
6
GRANTS the motion in its entirety for ECF Nos. 190, 221, 223, 231, 234, 247, and
7
250. The Court also DENIES the motion it its entirety for ECF No. 276.
8
Where portions of briefs, exhibits, or other documents have been sealed, and
9
if not already available on the public docket, ORI must also file these documents with
10
the appropriate redactions on the public docket. More broadly, any documents where
11
leave has not been granted to file under seal, such as documents where ORI has
12
conceded sealing is not warranted, must also be filed on the public docket.
13
For the purposes of this order, the Court acknowledges that ORI does not seek
14
leave to file certain documents under seal insofar as ECF Nos. 236, 303, 312, and
15
318. As previously stated, if the documents at issue in ECF Nos. 236, 303, 312, and
16
318 are not subject to a sealing order, the appropriate party must file the documents
17
at issue on the public docket.
18
IT IS SO ORDERED.
19
20
DATED: July 25, 2017
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
–8–
15cv595
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.
Why Is My Information Online?