Leonard Saldana v. Neil McDowell
Filing
32
ORDER (1) Overruling Petitioner's Objections to Report And Recommendation; (2) 20 Adopting Report and Recommendation In Its Entirety ; And (3) Dismissing Petitioner's Petition Due To Untimeliness 13 . It is ordered that after review ing Petitioner's Opposition to the underlying Motion to Dismiss, (ECF No. 19), Judge Major's thorough Report and Recommendation, (ECF No. 20), and Petitioner's Objections to Judge Major's Report and Recommendation, (ECF No. 29) , the Court agrees with Judge Major's conclusion that the Petition is time barred. Accordingly, the Court overrules petitioner's objections, adopts Judge Major's Report and Recommendation in its entirety, and grants with prejudice respondent's Motion to Dismiss. This concludes the litigation in this matter. Signed by Judge Janis L. Sammartino on 3/7/2017. (All non-registered users served via U.S. Mail Service)(dxj) (sjt).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
10
11
LEONARD SALDANA,
Case No.: 16-cv-0161-JLS (BLM)
Petitioner,
12
13
14
ORDER (1) OVERRULING
PETITIONER’S OBJECTIONS TO
REPORT AND
RECOMMENDATION; (2)
ADOPTING REPORT AND
RECOMMENDATION IN ITS
ENTIRETY; AND (3) DISMISSING
PETITIONER’S PETITION DUE TO
UNTIMELINESS
v.
NEIL MCDOWELL, Warden,
15
Respondent.
16
17
18
(ECF Nos. 13, 20)
19
20
21
Presently before the Court is Petitioner Leonard Saldana’s Objection to Report and
22
Recommendation (“Pet’r’s Objs.”). (ECF No. 29.) Petitioner’s Objection responds to a
23
thorough Report and Recommendation (“R&R”), (ECF No. 20), prepared by Magistrate
24
Judge Barbara Lynn Major, in which Judge Major recommends this Court dismiss
25
Petitioner’s Petition for a Writ of Habeas Corpus (“Pet.”), (ECF No. 1). Having considered
26
the arguments and the law, the Court OVERRULES Petitioner’s objections to Judge
27
Major’s Report and Recommendation, ADOPTS the Report and Recommendation in its
28
entirety, and DISMISSES the Petition due to untimeliness.
1
16-cv-0161-JLS (BLM)
1
BACKGROUND
2
The R&R adequately details the factual and procedural background in this case. (See
3
R&R 2–3.) The Court incorporates the R&R’s background discussion by reference, and
4
notes relevant facts where necessary in assessing Plaintiff’s objections.
5
6
LEGAL STANDARD
I. Objections to a Report and Recommendation
7
A district judge “may accept, reject, or modify the recommended disposition” of a
8
magistrate judge on a dispositive matter. Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b)(3); see also 28 U.S.C.
9
§ 636(b)(1). “[T]he district judge must determine de novo any part of the [report and
10
recommendation] that has been properly objected to.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b)(3). However,
11
“[t]he statute makes it clear that the district judge must review the magistrate judge’s
12
findings and recommendations de novo if objection is made, but not otherwise.” United
13
States v. Reyna-Tapia, 328 F.3d 1114, 1121 (9th Cir. 2003) (en banc) (emphasis in
14
original); see also Wang v. Masaitis, 416 F.3d 992, 1000 n.13 (9th Cir. 2005). “Neither the
15
Constitution nor the statute requires a district judge to review, de novo, findings and
16
recommendations that the parties themselves accept as correct.” Reyna-Tapia, 328 F.3d at
17
1121. In the absence of a timely objection, however, “the Court need only satisfy itself that
18
there is no clear error on the face of the record in order to accept the recommendation.”
19
Fed. R. Civ. P. 72 advisory committee’s note (citing Campbell v. U.S. Dist. Court, 510
20
F.2d 196, 206 (9th Cir. 1974)).
21
II. AEDPA Statute of Limitations
22
The Anti-terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (“AEDPA”) establishes a one-
23
year statute of limitations during which a state prisoner may file a federal application for a
24
writ of habeas corpus. 28 U.S.C. §2244(d)(1). Although the statute begins to run once a
25
prisoner’s conviction becomes final, the one-year period does not encompass the time
26
during which an application for state collateral review is “pending” in the state courts.
27
§ 2224(d)(2). Additionally, a petitioner may be entitled to equitable tolling, but “only if he
28
shows ‘(1) that he has been pursuing his rights diligently, and (2) that some extraordinary
2
16-cv-0161-JLS (BLM)
1
circumstance stood in his way’ and prevented timely filing.” Holland v. Florida, 560 U.S.
2
631, 649 (2010) (quoting Pace v. DiGuglielmo, 544 U.S. 408, 418 (2005)). Finally, timely
3
or not, a petitioner may assert a claim of “actual innocence” and prevail if he both reveals
4
new evidence and establishes “that it is more likely than not that no reasonable juror would
5
have convicted him in the light of the new evidence.” McQuiggin v. Perkins, 133 S. Ct.
6
1924, 1935 (2013) (quoting Schlup v. Delo, 513 U.S. 298, 327).
7
ANALYSIS
8
In the present case, Judge Major determined that Petitioner’s filing was time-barred
9
by AEDPA’s statute of limitations, and that Petitioner was not entitled to statutory or
10
equitable tolling, nor did he state a valid claim for actual innocence. (See generally R&R.)
11
Petitioner filed a forty-page Objection document, arguing that “the honorable magistrate
12
has erred on the subject of ‘legal theories[,]’ ” (Pet’r’s Objs. 1), and discussing AEDPA’s
13
actual-innocence exception, (id. at 1–10, 31–33), Petitioner’s claims of attorney
14
abandonment, (id. at 10–21), equitable tolling, (id. at 21–31), and statutory tolling, (id. at
15
31–37). The Court construes these various discussions as objections to Judge Major’s legal
16
conclusions, and addresses each below in the order of (1) statutory tolling, (2) equitable
17
tolling and petitioner’s claims of attorney abandonment as a basis for such tolling, and (3)
18
actual innocence.
19
I.
Statutory Tolling
20
As previously noted, AEDPA provides that its statute of limitations is tolled while
21
an application for collateral review of a petitioner’s conviction is “pending” in state court.
22
§ 2224(d)(2). This is easily calculated in most states, because habeas review there follows
23
the progression of most civil suits—a petitioner brings suit in a lower court within a
24
mandated period of time, after which there is a determination by that lower court that is
25
then reviewed by a higher court or courts. See Carey v. Saffold, 536 U.S. 214, 221 (2002).
26
However, in California review of a lower-court determination is not technically required,
27
and instead a prisoner may file a new “original” habeas petition in a higher Court, with the
28
timeliness of any such filing to be determined by a “reasonableness” standard.
Id.
3
16-cv-0161-JLS (BLM)
1
California’s reasonableness standard merely requires that petitioners file known claims “as
2
promptly as the circumstances allow.” Walker v. Martin, 562 U.S. 307, 310 (2011) (citing
3
In re Clark, 855 P.2d 729, 738, n.5 (Cal. 1993)).
4
In the present case, Petitioner does not dispute that he did not file the instant action
5
until “more than two years after the statute of limitations ran.” (R&R 4.) More specifically,
6
Petitioner did not file his first state-court petition until almost two years after his conviction
7
became final. (See id. at 2–3.) However, Petitioner in his objections asserts various reasons
8
for the delay, including
9
the attorney’s abandonment, . . . the delusion of the unfiled habeas petition,
and the wrongly advised and wrongly filed habeas petition, up to the parade
of assistants and next friends in barring the habeas petition from going out on
time . . . .
10
11
12
13
(Pet’r’s Objs. 37.) But these reasons are more appropriately examined under Petitioner’s
14
equitable tolling argument, otherwise the California “reasonableness” standard would
15
result in a complete end-run around AEDPA’s statutory constraints. This has been
16
recognized both by the Supreme Court, Evans v. Chavis, 546 U.S. 189, 201 (2006)
17
(instructing that—in the absence of any clear directive from California courts—a six month
18
delay in filing does not “fall within the scope of the federal statutory word ‘pending’ ” ),
19
and the Ninth Circuit, Gaston v. Palmer, 447 F.3d 1165, 1166 (9th Cir. 2006) (“The
20
Supreme Court in Chavis held that, absent a clear indication to the contrary by the
21
California legislature or a California court, an unexplained and unjustified gap between
22
filings of six months was ‘unreasonable’ . . . .”).
23
Accordingly, Petitioner is not entitled to the statutory tolling for the over-one-year
24
period he seeks. The Court therefore OVERRULES Petitioner’s objection regarding
25
statutory tolling.
26
II.
Equitable Tolling
27
As previously noted, to receive equitable tolling, “[t]he petitioner must establish two
28
elements: (1) that he has been pursuing his rights diligently, and (2) that some extraordinary
4
16-cv-0161-JLS (BLM)
1
circumstances stood in his way.” Ramirez v. Yates, 571 F.3d 993, 997 (9th Cir. 2009)
2
(Bryant v. Ariz. Attorney Gen., 499 F.3d 1056, 1061 (9th Cir. 2007)). The petitioner must
3
also show that “the extraordinary circumstances were the cause of his untimeliness,” and
4
that the “extraordinary circumstances ma[de] it impossible to file a petition on time . . . .”
5
Id. (alteration original) (quoting Spitsyn v. Moore, 345 F.3d 796, 799 (9th Cir. 2003), and
6
Roy v. Lampert, 465 F.3d 964, 969 (9th Cir. 2006)). However, “equitable tolling is
7
‘unavailable in most cases[,]’ ” and a petitioner therefore bears a heavy burden to prove
8
entitlement to it “lest the exceptions swallow the rule.” Bills v. Clark, 628 F.3d 1092, 1097
9
(9th Cir. 2010) (quoting Miranda v. Castro, 292 F.3d 1063, 1066 (9th Cir. 2002)).
10
Petitioner seems to primarily contest Judge Major’s determination that Petitioner did
11
not adequately demonstrate attorney abandonment sufficient to warrant equitable tolling.
12
(See Pet’r’s Objs. 14–21, 30–31.)1 Petitioner catalogs particular actions by his two
13
attorneys, (id. at 14–16), and argues that because of those actions he “has been prejudiced
14
by both trial counsel and court . . . and [therefore] has shown cause in the attorneys’
15
ineffectiveness and complete abandonment[,]” (id. at 30). Specifically, Petitioner argues
16
that (1) his first attorney explicitly told Petitioner to ask himself “should we go to trial,”
17
mentioned “an appeal is an entirely different arrangement” for billing purposes, and “lost,
18
misplaced, destroyed, or simply ignored” important witness information collected by
19
Petitioner’s wife, (id. at 14–15); (2) his second attorney advised him that “[e]ven if we
20
can’t pull back the plea, there are still more options that we have[,]” (id.); and (3) Petitioner
21
had an open-ended contract with each attorney to “pay for services . . . ‘as were needed,’ ”
22
(id.).
23
///
24
25
26
27
28
Petitioner’s “Equitable Tolling” Section to his objections primarily details AEDPA’s actual innocence
exception, why the trial Judge did not have standing to accept the plea, and strands of both Supreme Court
and Ninth Circuit jurisprudence discussing the “adequate and independent state grounds” exception which
may at times bar federal review. (Pet’r’s Objs. 21–29). Only the last several paragraphs of the “Equitable
Tolling” Section discuss equitable tolling, (id. at 30–31), and are thus what the Court here considers in
concert with the relevant portion of Petitioner’s “Attorney Abandonment” section, (id. at 14–21).
1
5
16-cv-0161-JLS (BLM)
1
However, Petitioner’s argument concerning his first attorney’s alleged lackluster
2
performance and “intentions to minimize his workmanship because his goal was a plea
3
deal[,]” (id. at 14), do not speak to the reason Petitioner failed to timely file his post-plea
4
habeas petition. And that Petitioner’s second attorney specifically said Petitioner would
5
have “more options” does not establish the extraordinary circumstance of attorney
6
abandonment; there is no indication that Petitioner asked his second attorney to file a
7
habeas petition on his behalf, nor any indication that Petitioner’s second attorney failed to
8
notify him of the status of his request to change his plea. See, e.g., Holland v. Florida, 560
9
U.S. at 652 (finding attorney abandonment where, among other things, petitioner’s attorney
10
failed to timely file a petition for habeas corpus despite petitioner’s repeated requests,
11
which requests included identifying “the applicable legal rules[,]” and where attorney
12
failed to notify petitioner that state supreme court had decided his case). Furthermore,
13
Petitioner’s objections nowhere refute Judge Major’s apt points that Petitioner “admits he
14
was unable to pay counsel for any work after sentencing” and that “[e]ven if Petitioner
15
could establish that the attorney improperly abandoned him, Petitioner would only be
16
entitled to equitable tolling for the time before he discovered the abandonment[,]” and
17
therefore would still run afoul of AEDPA’s statute of limitations. (R&R 8.)2
18
Accordingly, Petitioner does not adequately demonstrate attorney abandonment
19
such that the AEDPA statute of limitations should be equitably tolled. And even if
20
Petitioner did establish sufficient abandonment, the statute would only be tolled until late
21
2012, (see Pet’r’s Opp’n to Resp’t’s Mot. to Dismiss 4 (unable to communicate with
22
attorney through June of 2012); id. at 13 (accepted assistance from inmate in filing petition
23
starting December 20, 2012)), thus making Petitioner’s first, June 1, 2014 habeas filing
24
///
25
26
Additionally, although Petitioner did not directly object to Judge Major’s conclusion that Petitioner “is
not entitled to equitable tolling on account of his pro se status, lack of legal knowledge, or reliance on
prison inmate helpers[,]” (R&R 12), the Court notes that Judge Major’s conclusion was correct and
thoroughly supported by the record and controlling law.
2
27
28
6
16-cv-0161-JLS (BLM)
1
untimely regardless. Given the foregoing, the Court OVERRULES Petitioner’s Objection
2
regarding attorney abandonment and equitable tolling.
3
III.
Actual Innocence
4
As previously noted, a Petitioner who validly claims actual innocence via new
5
evidence may bypass AEDPA’s statute of limitations entirely. However, “tenable actual-
6
innocence gateway pleas are rare: ‘[A] petitioner does not meet the threshold requirement
7
unless he persuades the district court that, in light of the new evidence, no juror, acting
8
reasonably, would have voted to find him guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.’ ” McQuiggin,
9
133 S. Ct. at 1928 (quoting Schlup, 513 U.S. at 329).
10
In the present case, Petitioner claims that he satisfies the actual-innocence exception,
11
(Pet’r’s Objs. 1–10, 31–33), and objects to Judge Major’s determination that “Petitioner
12
has not presented new reliable evidence in support of a claim of actual innocence”
13
sufficient to “have his untimely petition heard on the merits[,]” (R&R 13). Specifically,
14
Petitioner objects generally to the plea-bargaining system and its effect on our justice
15
system, (Pet’r’s Objs. 1–8), argues that he is actually innocent, (id. at 31–33), and that in
16
his underlying case “the Prosecution’s evidence [was] only speculative[,]” (id. at 32).
17
However, Petitioner nowhere identifies any new evidence indicating that he is, in
18
fact, innocent. Instead, Petitioner’s main contention seems to be that his claim of
19
“innocence from [the date of] his initial arrest and incarceration . . . should be liberally
20
construed as fact.” (Pet’r’s Opp’n to Resp’t’s Mot. to Dismiss 2; see Pet’r’s Objs. 31 (“The
21
declaration of innocence in the instant case is not just an allegation[;] it is a declared fact
22
that must not be brushed aside . . . .”).) However, a Petitioner’s belief is insufficient alone
23
to prove actual innocence; instead, objective evidence that was previously not presented is
24
required.3
25
///
26
27
28
And Petitioner in the instant case tacitly recognizes this by noting that “Petitioner’s case very much
parallels McQuiggin” and detailing the fact that the petitioner in McQuiggin “rel[ied] on three affidavits,
. . . each pointing to [another person] as the murderer.” (Pet’r’s Objs. 31.)
3
7
16-cv-0161-JLS (BLM)
1
Given the foregoing, the Court cannot say that “in light of all the evidence, including
2
evidence not introduced at trial, ‘it is more likely than not that no reasonable juror would
3
have found petitioner guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.’ ” Majoy v. Roe, 296 F.3d 770,
4
776 (9th Cir. 2002) (quoting Schlup, 513 U.S. at 327). Accordingly, the Court
5
OVERRULES Petitioner’s objection regarding actual innocence.
6
CONCLUSION
7
After reviewing Petitioner’s Opposition to the underlying Motion to Dismiss, (ECF
8
No. 19), Judge Major’s thorough Report and Recommendation, (ECF No. 20), and
9
Petitioner’s Objections to Judge Major’s Report and Recommendation, (ECF No. 29), the
10
Court agrees with Judge Major’s conclusion that the Petition is time barred. Accordingly,
11
the Court OVERRULES Petitioner’s Objections, ADOPTS Judge Major’s Report and
12
Recommendation in its entirety, and GRANTS WITH PREJUDICE Respondent’s
13
Motion to Dismiss. Because this concludes the litigation in this matter, the Clerk SHALL
14
close the file.
15
16
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Dated: March 7, 2017
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
8
16-cv-0161-JLS (BLM)
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.
Why Is My Information Online?