Devasahayam et al v. DMB Capital Group et al
Filing
7
ORDER Denying Temporary Restraining Order; and Denying Request for Notice of Lis Pendens ( #3 , #4 ). Signed by Judge Roger T. Benitez on 12/19/17. (dlg)
FILED
1
DEC 2 0 2017
2
CLERK US DIS1RIC1 COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
BY
DEPUTY
3
4
5
6
7
8
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
LEONARD VIJAYAN
DEVASAHAYAM, an individual
domiciled in New Jersey;
CHRISTOPHER RAVINDRAN
DEVASAHAYAM, an individual
domiciled in the Country of Canada;
SLAMSTAR OPERATING, LLC, a
limited liability company organized under
the laws of the State of New Jersey;
DEVA CREW ONE SERVICES, INC., a
corporation organized under the laws of
the Country of Canada; KAI-FAN YANG,
an individual domiciled in California;
RISHI PATEL, an individual domiciled in
California; RAYMOND WANG, an
individual domiciled in California;
KAMLESH GANDHI, an individual
domiciled in Georgia,
23
24
25
26
27
28
Case No.: 3:17-cv-02095-BEN-WVG
ORDER:
(1) DENYING TEMPORARY
RESTRAINING ORDER
(2) DENYING REQUEST FOR
NOTICE OF LIS PENDENS
(Doc. Nos. 3, 4.)
Plaintiffs,
v.
DMB CAPITAL GROUP, an entity of
unknown form and domicile; JM
CARBON FIBER, an entity of unknown
form and domicile; MR. MEDIA, INC., a
business inco orated in the State of
3: l 7-cv-02095-BEN-WVG
1
2
3
4
5
6
California; NL TECHNOLOGY, LLC., a
limited liability company in the State of
California; JONNY NGO, an individual
domiciled in the State of California;
NONATO MICHAEL BACA, an
individual domiciled in the State of
California; and DOES 1 through 500,
inclusive,
Defendants.
7
8
Without notice to the defendants, plaintiffs move for a temporary restraining order
9
1O ("TRO"), a writ of attachment, and an order approving a notice of !is pendens. The ex
11
parte motion is denied. When the Rule 65(b) requirements for issuance of a TRO
12
without notice have not been met, the motion may be converted to a Rule 65(a) motion
13
for a preliminary injunction, and set for hearing after the opposing parties have been
14
given notice. Accordingly, the motion is hereby converted to a motion for preliminary
15
injunction. A hearing may be scheduled after plaintiffs effect service on the defendants.
16
The hearing currently set for December 18, 2017 is vacated.
Background 1
17
18
On October 12, 2017, a Complaint was filed alleging that defendants have engaged
19
in an investment scheme to defraud the plaintiffs out of $2,500,000 or more. The
20
Complaint asserts eight claims for relief: (1) constructive fraud; (2) fraudulent
21
misrepresentation; (3) California Investment Adviser Fraud; (4) conspiracy to defraud;
22
(5) unjust enrichment; (6) breach of contract; (7) violations of Rule 10-b5; (8) violations
23
of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
24
Ill
25
26
27
28
1 Unless
otherwise noted, the following facts are drawn from the allegations in plaintiffs'
complaint. The Court is not making factual findings, but rather only summarizing the
relevant facts in order to evaluate plaintiff's motion for TRO.
2
3:17-cv-02095-BEN-WVG
1
On November, 13, 2017, plaintiffs filed this motion without notice to defendants.
2
Plaintiffs seek a TRO without notice to defendants because they suspect defendants are
3
selling a valuable real estate asset. They suspect that defendants will transfer the sale
4
proceeds to an off shore bank account. They suspect that defendants will then flee the
5
United States. Plaintiffs allege that a recent real estate listing suggests defendants are
6
selling at auction residential real property commonly known as 14991 Encendido,
7
San Diego, CA 92127. If defendants go forward with the sale of the property, plaintiffs
8
suspect that they would sustain further financial harm. In support of the motion are
9
declarations from plaintiffs Kai Fan-Yang, Leonard Devasahayam, and
10
Chris Devasahayam. Each claim they were similarly misled and induced to invest money
11
into fraudulent investment schemes perpetrated by the defendants.
12
Legal Standard
13
A TRO is an extraordinary form of relief, the underlying purpose of which is to
14
preserve the status quo before a preliminary injunction hearing may be held. Granny
15
Goose Foods, Inc. v. Bhd. of Teamsters & Auto Truck Drivers Local No. 70 ofAlameda
16
Cnty., 415 U.S. 423, 439 (1974) (noting that a TRO is restricted to its "underlying
17
purpose of preserving the status quo and preventing irreparable harm just so long as is
18
necessary to hold a hearing, and no longer"). For a TRO to issue, the movant must show
19
either: (1) a likelihood of success on the merits and a likelihood of irreparable harm, or
20
(2) that there are serious questions going to the merits and the balance of hardships tips
21
sharply in favor of the moving party -- so long as the plaintiff also shows that there is a
22
likelihood of irreparable injury and that the injunction is in the public interest. Alliance
23
for the Wild Rockies v. Cottrell, 632 F.3d 1127, 1134-35 (9th Cir. 2011) (discussing
24
Winter v. Natural Resources Defense Council, 555 U.S. 7 (2008)).
25
26
27
28
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65(b) empowers a court to grant a TRO without
written or oral notice to the adverse party "only if':
(A) Specific facts in an affidavit or a verified complaint clearly show that
immediate and irreparable injury, loss, or damage will result to the
3
3: l 7-cv-02095-BEN-WVG
1
2
3
movant before the adverse party can be heard in opposition; and
(B) The movant's attorney certifies in writing any efforts made to give
notice and the reasons why it should not be required.
4
5
The Supreme Court explained, the "circumstances justifying the issuance of an ex parte
6
order are extremely limited" because "our entire jurisprudence runs counter to the notion
7
of court action taken before reasonable notice and an opportunity to be heard has been
8
granted both sides of a dispute." Reno Air Racing Ass 'n v. McCord, 452 F.3d 1126, 1131
9
(9th Cir. 2006) (quoting Granny Goose Foods, Inc., 415 U.S. at 438-39).
10
Where a party seeks an ex parte TRO the applicant must make a strong showing
11
based on more than conclusory assertions. Id. Where a plaintiff alleges that the adverse
12
party will dispose of evidence if given notice, he "must show that defendants would have
13
disregarded a direct court order and disposed of the goods within the time it would take
14
for a hearing." Id. (quoting First Tech. Safety Sys., Inc. v. Depinet, 11F.3d641, 650 (6th
15
Cir. 1993)). As of the date of this Order, it appears that defendants have not been served
16
with the summons, complaint, or the motion for a TRO.
17
18
Discussion
The plaintiffs' declarations depict defendants as deceitful individuals who persist
19
in fraudulent activities and go to great lengths to avoid being caught. For example,
20
plaintiffs argue that defendants' conduct of defrauding plaintiffs out of millions of dollars
21
illustrates they were scam artists whose companies were sham corporations designed to
22
defraud unsuspecting investors. They describe conversations by email with individual
23
defendants about investing opportunities offering returns of unusual dimension.
24
Certainly, plaintiffs transferred to a credit union account of defendant Jonny Ngo large
25
amounts of money by check and wire transfer expecting to make money. It is clear that
26
plaintiffs did not make money and they have not recovered their original investments.
27
Plaintiffs speculate that defendants have defrauded them with false assurances of
28
investments and sales transactions that never did exist.
4
3: l 7-cv-02095-BEN-WVG
1
After Ngo stopped returning messages, plaintiffs became suspicious. They noticed
2
that an expensive home was purchased around the same time they were making
3
investments. After filing suit, they noticed that the same home was being listed for sale.
4
This property in the City of San Diego is known as 14991 Encendido road. Plaintiffs
5 provide a title report for the property that indicates the property is solely owned by Mr.
6
Media, Inc., and was purchased last year for $3,500,000 with a mortgage of $2,400,000.
7
Mr. Media, Inc. is a named defendant about which there are few specific allegations in
8 the Complaint. The plaintiffs' declarations offer speculation that other defendants used
9
plaintiffs' money and funneled it to Mr. Media, Inc. to purchase the home. But the
10
declarations do not offer convincing evidence that Mr. Media, Inc. has a connection to
11
the investments made with or through Ngo. The connection on this record is slim. They
12
also speculate that ifthe Mr. Media, Inc. property is sold, the proceeds will be hidden
13
outside of the United States. The speculation is based on information that has been
14 relayed to plaintiffs' attorney by other attorneys with client-plaintiffs in other suits
15
16
brought against these same defendants.
At trial, plaintiffs' speculations may be proven true. If so, plaintiffs may be
17
entitled to money damages. However, at this early stage, plaintiffs have not shown a
18
likelihood of success on the merits nor the likelihood of irreparable harm. Plaintiffs'
19
motion suffers from some of the same defects found in Blackmon and Vaccaro (discussed
20
infra.) and ultimately fails to demonstrate that they are entitled to the "drastic remedy" of
21
emergency injunctive relief without notice. See also Osborno v. Fong, 2011 U.S. Dist.
22
LEXIS 9716, 2011WL250364, at *2 (N.D. Cal., Jan 26, 2011) (TRO denied where
23
motion based on "Plaintiffs conclusory and unsupported allegation that notice of the
24
instant TRO application will result in the further dissipation of trust assets").
25
In Blackmon v. Tobias, 2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 6444, 2011 WL 2445963, at *4
26
(N.D. Cal. June 16, 2011 ), the court denied an ex parte application for writ of attachment
27
because the plaintiff"merely offer[ed] his opinion that Defendants will 'hide or dissipate'
28
their assets based on their 'numerous and repeated false statements,' and prior remarks
5
3: l 7-cv-02095-BEN-WVG
1
regarding hiding assets from the Swiss court and to avoid the payment of taxes." In fact,
2
the defendant told the plaintiff that ifhe pursued legal action against her, "'she would
3
escape, just disappear or commit suicide."' Id. This was insufficient.
4
Likewise, in Vaccaro v. Sparks, 2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 66141, 2011 WL 772394,
5
at *2 (C.D. Cal. Feb. 1, 2011), the plaintiffs sought a temporary restraining order freezing
6
defendant's assets. As plaintiffs do here, the Vaccaro plaintiffs "conclusorily argue[d]"
7
that their fraud allegations implied the defendant would flee the jurisdiction or hide his
8
assets. The court concluded that Plaintiffs' allegations of injury are financial in nature
9
and, therefore, compensable rather than irreparable. "The fact that defendants may have
10
been engaged in some sort of fraud does not automatically justify the issuance of an asset
11
freeze." Vaccaro observed that while a plaintiff may speculate that a given defendant's
12
willingness to commit a fraud evinces the same defendant's willingness to wrongfully
13
dissipate assets or to flee the Court's jurisdiction, "[s]peculative injury does not constitute
14
irreparable injury." In Vaccaro, the only support plaintiffs offered for the cold assertion
15
that defendants were likely to dissipate assets or flee the Court's jurisdiction was the
16
conjecture that "Sparks will go to any length to achieve his goal [of defrauding
17
plaintiffs]." Consequently, Vaccaro held that the plaintiffs failed to meet their burden of
18
showing that they were entitled to the drastic remedy of emergency injunctive relief. Id.
19
(quoting Goldie's Bookstore, Inc. v. Super Court of Cal., 739 F.2d 466, 472 (9th Cir.
20
2004)). And citing Vaccaro, the Blackmon court was clear that "prior fraudulent conduct
21
is insufficient to justify dispensing with notice." Id. Here, plaintiffs assert that
22
defendants' fraudulent scheme in one way shape or form exists solely to insulate assets
23
and give faux credence to their fraudulent scheme. Like Blackmon and Vaccaro, this
24
Court cannot justify waiving the notice requirement on the basis that defendants may
25
have engaged in fraud in the past.
26
Citing Hamilton Beach Brands, Inc. v. Metric & Inch Tools, Inc., 614 F. Supp. 2d
27
1056, 1063 (C.D. Cal. 2009), plaintiffs assert their claims for breach of contract,
28
negligence and fraud justify this Court granting the TRO and writ of attachment ex parte.
6
3: l 7-cv-02095-BEN-WVG
1 However, the defendants in Hamilton Beach had notice, filed opposition briefs, and
2
received a hearing before the court ruled.
3
Plaintiffs also argue that judgment in their favor is practically certain in light of
4
defendants pervasive and flagrant conduct. The declarations of Kai Fan-Yang, Leonard
5
Devasahayam, and Chris Devasahayam describe the tactics Ngo and Baca used to
6
defraud investors. The urgency cited by plaintiffs in proceeding ex parte is concern
7
defendants will "fire-sell" the Encendido property making future judgment collection
8
more difficult.
9
There are at least three problems with the ex parte claim regarding the Encendido
10
property. First, it is not clear that the titled owner, Mr. Media, Inc., purchased the house
11
with plaintiffs' money. Second, plaintiffs have known about the possible sale of the
12
Encendido property since at least October 12, 2017 (since it is mentioned in the
13
Complaint). This motion was filed one month later. The delay is reason enough to deny
14
a TRO. See Miller ex rel. NLRB v. Cal. Pac. Med. Ctr., 991F.2d536, 544 (9th Cir.
15
1993) (noting that delay in seeking injunctive relief "implies a lack of urgency and
16
irreparable harm"). Third, assuming for the moment that plaintiffs' claims will be proven
17
true at trial, plaintiffs would be entitled to money damages. But money damages rarely
18
signify irreparable harm. Vaccaro, 2011 WL 772394, at *2. These three hurdles must be
19
overcome before the extraordinary remedy of prejudgment attachment, an order
20
approving a !is pendens notice, or a TRO is justified.2
21
Given the strong policy considerations against ex parte orders, the Court denies the
22
motion for a TRO, without prejudice. Plaintiffs' evidence does not establish that
23
defendants have a history of disposing of evidence, violating court order, or that persons
24
similar to the adverse party have such a history. See Reno Air, 452 F .3d at 1131.
25
26
27
28
2
It is also noted that the San Diego County Recorder's official website suggests ownershi
of the Encendido property has recently changed.
7
3: l 7-cv-02095-BEN-WVG
.
'
.
'
1
Conclusion and Order
2
IT IS ORDERED that plaintiffs Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order is
3
DENIED without prejudice and request for Notice of Lis Pendens is DENIED, without
4
prejudice.
5
~
8
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Dated: Decemi#', 2017
T. Benitez
nited States District Judge
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
8
3: l 7-cv-02095-BEN-WVG
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.
Why Is My Information Online?