Estes et al v. County of San Diego et al

Filing 3

Order: (1) Granting Motion To Proceed In Forma Pauperis [Ecf No. 2 ] And (2) Dismissing Complaint Without Prejudice And With Leave To Amend. Signed by District Judge Robert S. Huie on 11/22/2024. (All non- registered users served via U.S. Mail Service and (per order) The Watch Commander, Vista Detention Facility)(stn)

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

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SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

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MARCOS ESTES,
# 24722637,
Plaintiff,

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Case No.: 3:24-cv-1190-RSH-SBC

vs.
COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO, KELLY
MARTINEZ, OFFICER LOPEZ,
MULTIPLE UNKNOWN DEPUTIES,
PALOMAR COLLEGE POLICE DEP’T,

(2) DISMISSING COMPLAINT
WITHOUT PREJUDICE AND
WITH LEAVE TO AMEND

Defendants.

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19 I.
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ORDER: (1) GRANTING MOTION
TO PROCEED IN FORMA
PAUPERIS [ECF No. 2] AND

INTRODUCTION
Marcos Estes (“Plaintiff” or “Estes”), a detainee at Vista County Jail and proceeding

21 pro se, has filed a civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, along with a Motion to
22 Proceed In Forma Pauperis (“IFP”). ECF Nos. 1, 2. In his Complaint, Plaintiff also lists
23 his wife, Hermila Estes, as a plaintiff. See ECF No. 1 at 1. Estes alleges his (and his wife’s)
24 constitutional rights were violated during three interactions with Defendants. Id. at 3–5.
25 For the reasons discussed below, the Court grants Plaintiff’s IFP motion and dismisses the
26 Complaint without prejudice and with leave to amend.
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1 II.

MOTION TO PROCEED IFP

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All parties instituting any civil action, suit or proceeding in a district court of the

3 United States, except an application for writ of habeas corpus, must pay a filing fee of
4 $405. 1 See 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a). A party may initiate a civil action without prepaying the
5 required filing fee if the Court grants leave to proceed IFP based on indigency. 28 U.S.C.
6 § 1915(a); Andrews v. Cervantes, 493 F.3d 1047, 1051 (9th Cir. 2007).
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To proceed IFP, plaintiffs must establish their inability to pay by filing an affidavit

8 regarding their income and assets. See Escobedo v. Applebees, 787 F.3d 1226, 1234 (9th
9 Cir. 2015). Prisoners must also submit a “certified copy of the [prisoner’s] trust fund
10 account statement (or institutional equivalent) for . . . the 6-month period immediately
11 preceding the filing of the complaint.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(2). From the certified trust
12 account statement, the Court assesses an initial payment of 20% of (a) the average monthly
13 deposits in the account for the past six months, or (b) the average monthly balance in the
14 account for the past six months, whichever is greater, unless the prisoner has no assets. See
15 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(b)(1) & (4). Prisoners who proceed IFP must repay the entire fee in
16 installments regardless of whether their action is ultimately dismissed. 28 U.S.C.
17 § 1915(b)(2); Bruce v. Samuels, 577 U.S. 82, 84 (2016).
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In support of his IFP Motion, Estes provided a copy of his prison certificate and trust

19 account statement. ECF No. 2 at 6. During the six months prior to filing suit, Plaintiff had
20 an average monthly balance of $60.00, average monthly deposits of $10.00, and an
21 available account balance of $0.11 at the time he filed suit. Id. at 5. The Court GRANTS
22 Plaintiff’s Motion to Proceed IFP and declines to impose an initial partial filing fee
23 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1) because his prison certificate indicates he may have no
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Civil litigants must pay an administrative fee of $55 in addition to the $350 filing fee. See 28
U.S.C. § 1914(a) (Judicial Conference Schedule of Fees, District Court Misc. Fee Schedule, § 14
(eff. Dec. 1, 2023)). The additional $55 administrative fee does not apply to persons granted leave
to proceed IFP. Id.

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1 means to pay it. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(4) (providing that “[i]n no event shall a prisoner
2 be prohibited from bringing a civil action or appealing a civil action or criminal judgment
3 for the reason that the prisoner has no assets and no means by which to pay the initial partial
4 filing fee.”); Taylor v. Delatoore, 281 F.3d 844, 850 (9th Cir. 2002) (finding that 28 U.S.C.
5 § 1915(b)(4) acts as a “safety-valve” preventing dismissal of a prisoner’s IFP case based
6 solely on a “failure to pay . . . due to the lack of funds available to him when payment is
7 ordered.”)
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III.

SCREENING PURSUANT TO 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e) AND § 1915A(b)

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A.

Legal Standards

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Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) and § 1915A(b), the Court must screen a

11 prisoner’s IFP complaint and sua sponte dismiss it to the extent that it is frivolous,
12 malicious, fails to state a claim, or seeks damages from defendants who are immune. See
13 Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1126–27 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc); Rhodes v. Robinson,
14 621 F.3d 1002, 1004 (9th Cir. 2010). “The standard for determining whether Plaintiff has
15 failed to state a claim upon which relief can be granted under § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) is the
16 same as the Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) standard for failure to state a claim.”
17 Watison v. Carter, 668 F.3d 1108, 1112 (9th Cir. 2012). Rule 12(b)(6) requires that a
18 complaint to “contain sufficient factual matter . . . to state a claim to relief that is plausible
19 on its face.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (internal quotation marks omitted).
20 While detailed factual allegations are not required, “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements
21 of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice” to state a
22 claim. Id. The “mere possibility of misconduct” or “unadorned, the defendant-unlawfully23 harmed me accusation[s]” fall short of meeting this plausibility standard. Id.
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To state a claim under § 1983, a plaintiff must plausibly allege “both (1) deprivation

25 of a right secured by the Constitution and laws of the United States, and (2) that the
26 deprivation was committed by a person acting under color of state law.” Tsao v. Desert
27 Palace, Inc., 698 F.3d 1128, 1138 (9th Cir. 2012).
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B.

Plaintiff’s Allegations

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In his Complaint, Estes describes what appear to be three separate interactions with

3 law enforcement.2 He alleges that on one occasion, he was “approached” by an unnamed
4 Sheriff’s deputy, who told Estes he “want[ed to talk to [him].” ECF No. 1 at 3. Estes told
5 the deputy he was “not on parole or probation,” and kept walking. The deputy then shot
6 Estes in the back with a Taser. Plaintiff was driven to the hospital and “given a ticket for
7 resisting arrest.” Id. Estes states he suffered an injury to his lower back. Id. He was released
8 from the hospital later the same day. Id.
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On another occasion, Estes and his wife were shopping at a CVS store when law

10 enforcement officers, including at least one with the Palomar College Campus Police,
11 arrived. Id. at 4. Officers told Estes they were investigating a crime and placed him in
12 handcuffs. Id. Officers also grabbed Estes’ wife, Hermila Estes, and twisted her arms,
13 hurting her. Estes demanded the officers to leave his wife alone. At some point, Estes was
14 placed in the back of a police car with the windows shut and without hydration. Id.
15 Eventually, officers told Estes “it was a mistake” and released him and his wife. But
16 apparently later, Estes was taken into custody for being under the influence, even though
17 officers never gave him a sobriety test. Id. He was released from custody after 8–12 hours
18 in jail. Id.
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After being released, Estes went to look for his wife, who he last saw the day before.

20 While he was waiting for a train, “multiple [s]heriff deputies” approached him with guns
21 drawn. Id. at 5. The deputies yelled for Estes to “drop [his] weapon.” Id. Estes, who was
22 unarmed, explained that he had just been released from custody and was on his way home.
23 The deputies claimed Estes was under the influence. Estes was made to “lean [his] head
24 back [and] count to 30 with [his] eyes closed.” Id. Deputies then told Estes he had failed
25 the sobriety test and took him back to jail. Id.
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Estes provides no dates for any of the events he describes.
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C.

Discussion

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In his Complaint, Estes contends Defendants violated his due process rights and his

3 right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment when they used unnecessary force
4 against him and arrested him without sufficient cause. Id. at 3–5. He names the County of
5 San Diego, Sheriff Kelly Martinez, Officer Lopez, “Multiple Unknown Deputies” and the
6 Palomar College Police Department as Defendants, in their officials capacities only. Id. at
7 1–2. He seeks money damages and an injunction “preventing Defendants from any further
8 contact” with him or his wife. Id. at 7.
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1.

Bases for Plaintiff Claims

While Estes alleges violations of Due Process and the Eighth Amendment based

11 allegations of excessive force and unlawful arrest, the Court liberally construes his claims
12 under the Fourth Amendment. See Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 699
13 (9th Cir. 1988) (stating “pro se pleadings are liberally construed, particularly where civil
14 rights claims are involved”).
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First, although excessive force claims may arise under the Fourth or Eighth

16 Amendment, the Fourth Amendment is implicated when an excessive force claim arises in
17 the context of an arrest or investigatory stop of a free citizen, while the Eighth Amendment
18 is implicated when an excessive force claim arises in the context of a post-conviction prison
19 encounter. Graham v. Conner, 490 U.S. 386, 393–95 & n.10 (1989). Here, Estes’s claims
20 arose during seizures and/or arrests. See ECF No. 1 at 3–5. He does not allege the use of
21 post-conviction excessive force. As such, the Fourth Amendment, not the Eighth
22 Amendment, applies. The test for such Fourth Amendment excessive force claims is
23 “whether the officers’ actions are ‘objectively reasonable’ in light of the facts and
24 circumstances confronting them.” Graham, 490 U.S. at 396–97 (internal citations omitted).
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Second, the Due Process Clause is not the proper legal basis for Plaintiff’s claims of

26 false arrest. Claims involving arrest without probable cause or a warrant are examined
27 under Fourth Amendment standards. See Albright v. Oliver, 510 U.S. 266, 274–75 (1994).
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1 In Albright, the Court held that “[w]here a particular Amendment provides an explicit
2 textual source of constitutional protection against a particular sort of government behavior,
3 that Amendment, not the more generalized notion of substantive due process, must be the
4 guide for analyzing these claims.” Id. at 273. The Fourth Amendment requires that law
5 enforcement officers have probable cause to support an arrest. Luchtel v. Hagemann, 623
6 F.3d 975, 979 (9th Cir. 2010). An arrest is supported by probable cause if, “under the
7 totality of circumstances known to the arresting officers, a prudent person would have
8 concluded that there was a fair probability that [the suspect] had committed a crime.” Id.;
9 see also Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 235 (1983) (The evidence only needs to support
10 “the probability, and not a prima facie showing, of criminal activity.”).
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2.

Standing to Assert Claims on Behalf of Hermila Estes

As an initial matter, the Court finds that to the extent Plaintiff claims his wife,

13 Hermila Estes, was subject to “harassment” and “assault” by unspecified Defendants, he
14 cannot represent her, and he does not have standing to bring claims for any injury she may
15 have suffered. See Coal. of Clergy, Lawyers, & Professors v. Bush, 310 F.3d 1153, 1163
16 (9th Cir. 2002) (“It is a well-established rule that a litigant my assert his own legal rights
17 and interests and cannot rest a claim to relief on the legal rights or interests of third
18 parties.”).
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While parties to a lawsuit enjoy the privilege to “plead and conduct their own cases

20 personally,” see 28 U.S.C. § 1654, a litigant proceeding pro se, as Plaintiff is here, does
21 not have the authority to assert others’ claims vicariously. See C.E. Pope Equity Trust v.
22 United States, 818 F.2d 696, 697 (9th Cir. 1987) (“Although a non-attorney may appear in
23 propria persona in his own behalf, that privilege is personal to him.” Further, “[h]e has no
24 authority to appear as an attorney for others than himself.”); see also Simon v. Hartford
25 Life Ins. Co., 546 F.3d 661, at 664–65 (9th Cir. 2008) (citing cases “adher[ing] to the
26 general rule prohibiting pro se plaintiffs from pursuing claims on behalf of others in a
27 representative capacity.”).
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3.

County of San Diego

Estes alleges his constitutional rights were violated by the County of San Diego

3 when it failed to “hire [and] train Sheriff’s deputies [to] uphold the law.” ECF No. 1 at 2.
4 A municipality may not be vicariously liable under § 1983 for an injury caused by its
5 employee or agent. Monell v. N.Y.C. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 436 U.S. 658, 694 (1978).
6 However, municipalities may be held liable as “persons” under § 1983 “when execution of
7 a government’s policy or custom, whether made by its lawmakers or by those whose edicts
8 or acts may fairly be said to represent official policy, inflicts the injury[.]” Id. To state a
9 claim based on municipal liability, a plaintiff must adequately allege (1) the constitutional
10 tort was the result of a “longstanding practice or custom which constitutes the standard
11 operating procedure of the local government entity;” (2) the tortfeasor was an official
12 whose acts fairly represent official policy such that the challenged action constituted
13 official policy; or (3) an official with final policy-making authority “delegated that
14 authority to, or ratified the decision of, a subordinate.” Price v. Sery, 513 F.3d 962, 966
15 (9th Cir. 2008) (quoting Ulrich v. City & County of San Francisco, 308 F.3d 968, 984–85
16 (9th Cir. 2002)).
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Estes alleges in his Complaint that an unnamed Sheriff’s deputy tased him in the

18 back on one occasion (ECF No. 1 at 3) and on another occasion “[m]ultiple Sheriff’s
19 Deputies” improperly detained and arrested him. Id. at 5. Plaintiff’s Complaint, however,
20 contains no facts showing any of his alleged injuries resulted from a longstanding custom,
21 policy, or practice by the County of San Diego. Therefore, Estes has failed to sate a § 1983
22 claim against San Diego County. See Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678; 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(B),
23 1915A(b).
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4.

Sheriff Martinez

Plaintiff has also failed to state a claim against San Diego Sheriff Martinez. Estes

26 names Martinez as a defendant only in his official capacity as Sheriff. See ECF No. 1.
27 Because “a judgment against a public servant ‘in his official capacity’ imposes liability on
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1 the entity that he represents,” a suit against a county official in his or her official capacity
2 amounts to a suit against the county itself. Brandon v. Holt, 469 U.S. 464, 471 (1985)
3 (internal citations omitted). Plaintiff’s official-capacity claims against Martinez, therefore,
4 are redundant of his Monell claims brought directly against the County of San Diego. See
5 Kentucky v. Graham, 473 U.S. 159, 167 n.14 (1985) (“There is no longer a need to bring
6 official-capacity actions against local government officials, for under Monell, supra, local
7 government units can be sued directly . . . .”); see also Sherman v. County of Maui, 191 F.
8 App’x 535, 537 (affirming the district court’s finding that the plaintiff’s “claims for
9 damages against County officials in their official capacity were effectively claims against
10 the County itself, and thus the individual defendants were duplicative.”).
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Moreover, even if Plaintiff were suing Martinez in his individual capacity, he would

12 still state fail to state a claim. There is no respondeat superior liability under 42 U.S.C. §
13 1983. Palmer v. Sanderson, 9 F.3d 1433, 1437–38 (9th Cir. 1993). “Because vicarious
14 liability is inapplicable to . . . § 1983 suits, [Plaintiff] must plead that each government15 official defendant, through the official’s own individual actions, has violated the
16 Constitution.” Iqbal, 556 at 676; see also Jones v. Community Redevelopment Agency of
17 City of Los Angeles, 733 F.2d 646, 649 (9th Cir. 1984) (stating that even pro se plaintiffs
18 must “allege with at least me degree of particularity overt acts which defendants engaged
19 in” in order to state a claim). And here, Estes alleges no specific conduct by Martinez. The
20 only reference to Martinez in the Complaint is Plaintiff’s assertion that Martinez “fail[ed]
21 to hire [and] train Sheriff deputies [to] uphold the law.” ECF No. 1 at 2. To state a claim a
22 “plaintiff must allege facts, not simply conclusions, t[o] show that [each defendant] was
23 personally involved in the deprivation of his civil rights.” Barren v. Harrington, 152 F.3d
24 1193, 1194 (9th Cir. 1998); see also Estate of Brooks ex rel. Brooks v. United States, 197
25 F.3d 1245, 1248 (9th Cir. 1999) (“Causation is, of course, a required element of a § 1983
26 claim.”).
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Thus, for the above reasons, Plaintiff has failed to state a claim against Martinez.
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1 See 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(B), 1915A(b).
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5.

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Lopez

Plaintiff has also failed to state a claim against Lopez. While Estes lists “Sheriff

4 Deputy” Lopez as a Defendant (see ECF No. 1 at 2), the body of the Complaint contains
5 no factual allegations related to any conduct by Lopez. It is not even clear from Plaintiff’s
6 Complaint which of the three alleged incidents involved Lopez. Rule 8 of the Federal Rules
7 of Civil Procedure “demands more than an unadorned, the-defendant-unlawfully-harmed8 me accusation,” and in order “[t]o survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain
9 sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim for relief that is plausible on its
10 face.’” Iqbal, 662 U.S. at 678 (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555, 570). As such, Estes has
11 failed to state a claim against Lopez. 3 See 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(B), 1915A(b).
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6.

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Multiple Unknown Deputies

Estes alleges “multiple unknown deputies” committed “multiple cases of

14 harassment, assaults, and illegal detentions of [his] wife and [himself.]” ECF No. 1 at 2.
15 Plaintiff’s broad, generalized claim against multiple unknown individuals, for conduct that
16 took place at unknown times and/or places, is insufficient to allege a plausible claim. See
17 Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678; see also Williams v. Cty of L.A. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 2016 WL
18 8730914, at *5 (C.D. Cal. 2016) (“Conclusory allegations that an indistinguishable group
19 of defendants essentially engaged in identical misconduct . . . are insufficient to show that
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Furthermore, Estes is suing Lopez in his official capacity only. ECF No. 1 at 2. As discussed
above, claims against a law enforcement officer acting in his official capacity seek to hold the
entity of which the officer is an agent liable, rather than the officer himself. Kentucky, 473 U.S. at
165–66 (citing Monell, 436 U.S. at 690 n. 55. Where a plaintiff has sued both the municipality
and the defendant officer in their official capacity, the claims against the defendant officer in their
official capacities are duplicative and therefore subject to dismissal. See Vance v. Cty. of Santa
Clara, 928 F. Supp. 993, 996 (N.D. Cal. 1996) (“[I]f individuals are being sued in their official
capacity as municipal officials and the municipal entity itself is also being sued, then the claims
against the individuals are duplicative and should be dismissed.”).
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1 plaintiff is entitled to relief from any individual defendant.”).
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Furthermore, while the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure neither authorize nor

3 prohibit the use of unnamed parties, Rule 10 requires a plaintiff to include the names of all
4 parties in his complaint. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 10(a). When the identity of a defendant is
5 unknown, a plaintiff may sue the unnamed defendant(s), see Gillespie v. Civiletti, 629 F.2d
6 637, 642 (9th Cir. 1980), but in doing so, a plaintiff must still allege a defendant’s direct,
7 personal participation in the constitutional violation, or some sufficient causal connection
8 between the defendant’s conduct and the alleged violation. See Starr v. Baca, 652 F.3d
9 1202, 1205–06 (9th Cir. 2011). A plaintiff must therefore identify each unknown defendant
10 as “Doe No. 1, Doe No. 2,” etc., in the body of the complaint and show how each defendant
11 individually participated in the alleged constitutional violations so that if the plaintiff
12 discovers the identity of the Doe defendant, the true name can be readily substituted. See
13 Keavney v. Cty. of San Diego, 2020 WL 4192286, at *4–5 (S.D. Cal. 2020) (While “[a]
14 plaintiff may refer to unknown defendants as Defendant John Doe 1, John Doe 2, John Doe
15 3, and so on, . . . he must allege specific facts showing how each particular doe defendant
16 violated his rights”); Steinley v. Health Net, Inc., 2018 WL 6985318, at *5 (C.D. Cal. 2018)
17 (stating that by grouping defendants together without alleging facts which explain their
18 individual roles, Plaintiffs failed to state a claim against any of them); Leer v. Murphy, 844
19 F.2d 628, 633–34 (9th Cir. 1988) (focus for § 1983 claims must be on the “individual
20 defendant,” and his individual “duties [and] discretion”). Thus, because Estes fails to allege
21 any specific facts of individual misconduct by any of the “[m]ultiple [u]nknown
22 Defendants,” he has failed to state a claim against any of them. See 28 U.S.C. §§
23 1915(e)(2)(B), 1915A(b); Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678.
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7.

Palomar College Police Department

Finally, to the extent Plaintiff names Palomar College Police Department (“PCPD”)

26 as a Defendant he fails to state a claim. The only reference to the PCPD in the Complaint
27 is Estes’ statement that an officer from PCPD “arrive[d] first” to the incident which
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1 occurred at the CVS store, and placed Estes in handcuffs. ECF No. 1 at 4. Plaintiff,
2 however, makes no specific allegation of misconduct by any individual PCPD officer. As
3 such, Estes has failed to “proffer enough facts” to state a claim against PCPD that is
4 “plausible on its face.” Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570; Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678.
5

Furthermore, PCPD is not a proper defendant under § 1983. The Eleventh

6 Amendment bars § 1983 suits against that state and its agencies. See Howlett v. Rose, 496
7 U.S. 356, 365 (1990); Sato v. Orange Cnty. Dep’t of Educ., 861 F.3d 923, 928 (9th Cir.
8 2017) (explaining agencies of the state are immune under the Eleventh Amendment from
9 private damages or suits for injunctive relief brought in federal court). Here, the PCPD is
10 a sub-agency of Palomar College (a California community college) and was established
11 under California state law pursuant to the authority of the California Department of
12 Education. See Cal. Penal Code § 830.32(a); Cal. Educ. Code § 38000. The Ninth Circuit
13 has found that California “community college districts are dependent instrumentalities of
14 the state of California.” Cerrato v. San Francisco Community College Dist., 26 F.3d 968,
15 972 (9th Cir. 1994); see also Johnson v. Rancho Santiago Community College Dist., 623
16 F.3d 1011, 1021 n. 4 (9th Cir. 2010) (“Absent waiver, the District would be entitled to
17 sovereign immunity because California community college districts constitute arms of the
18 state entitled to sovereign immunity under the Eleventh Amendment.”); Lauser v. City
19 College of San Francisco, 359 Fed. App’x. 755, 757 (9th Cir. 2009) (“Thus, any suit
20 against the College, which is a California community college, is barred by the Eleventh
21 Amendment.”). Thus, any § 1983 claim against PCPD would be barred by the Eleventh
22 Amendment. Accordingly, Estes has failed to state a claim against the PCPD. See 28 U.S.C.
23 §§ 1915(e)(2)(B), 1915A(b); Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678.
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D.

Leave to Amend

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In light of Plaintiff’s pro se status the Court GRANTS him leave to amend. See

26 Rosati v. Igbinoso, 791 F.3d 1037, 1039 (9th Cir. 2015) (“A district court should not
27 dismiss a pro se complaint without leave to amend [pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
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1 § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii)] unless ‘it is absolutely clear that the deficiencies of the complaint
2 could not be cured by amendment.’”) (quoting Akhtar v Mesa, 698 F.3d 1202, 1212 (9th
3 Cir. 2012)).
4 IV.

CONCLUSION AND ORDER

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For the reasons set forth above, the Court hereby:

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1.

GRANTS Plaintiff’s Motion to Proceed IFP. [ECF No. 2].

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2.

ORDERS the Watch Commander of the Vista Detention Facility or any

8 subsequent “agency having custody” of Plaintiff to collect from Plaintiff’s trust account
9 the $350.00 filing fee owed by collecting monthly payments from Plaintiff’s account in an
10 amount equal to twenty percent (20%) of the preceding month’s income and forwarding
11 those payments to the Clerk of the Court each time the amount in the account exceeds $10
12 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(2).
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3.

DIRECTS the Clerk of Court to serve a copy of this Order on the Watch

14 Commander, Vista Detention Facility, 325 S. Melrose Dr, Vista, CA 92081.
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4.

DISMISSES the Complaint in its entirety without prejudice and with leave to

16 amend for failure to state a claim pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2) and § 1915A(b).
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5.

GRANTS Plaintiff forty-five (45) days leave from the date of this Order in

18 which to file a First Amended Complaint which cures the deficiencies of pleading noted in
19 this Order. Specifically, Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint must be complete by itself without
20 reference to any previous version of his pleading; Defendants not named and any claims
21 not re-alleged in the Amended Complaint will be considered waived. See S.D. Cal. CivLR
22 15.1; Hal Lacey v. Maricopa County, 693 F.3d 896, 928 (9th Cir. 2012) (noting that claims
23 dismissed with leave to amend which are not re-alleged in an amended pleading may be
24 “considered waived if not repled”); Roach Studios, Inc. v. Richard Feiner & Co., Inc., 896
25 F.2d 1542, 1546 (9th Cir. 1989). If Plaintiff fails to timely amend, the Court will enter a
26 final Order dismissing this civil action. See Lira v. Herrera, 427 F.3d 1164, 1169 (9th Cir.
27 2005) (“If a plaintiff does not take advantage of the opportunity to fix his complaint, a
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1 district court may convert the dismissal of the complaint into dismissal of the entire
2 action.”).
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IT IS SO ORDERED.

4 Dated: November 22, 2024
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____________________
Hon. Robert S. Huie
United States District Judge

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