Macdonald et al v. USA
Filing
17
ORDER DISMISSING CASE WITH PREJUDICE: 8 Motion for TRO is denied as moot. 10 Motion for Hearing/Conference is denied as moot. Entered by Judge Christine M. Arguello on 3/15/2016. (cpear)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLORADO
Judge Christine M. Arguello
Civil Action No. 16-cv-00502-CMA
ANDREW WILLIAM MACDONALD, and
SANDRA LYNNE RAY-SHOEMAKER,
Plaintiffs,
v.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Defendant.
ORDER DISMISSING CASE WITH PREJUDICE
This matter is before the Court sua sponte, in light of the March 1, 2016 Order to
Show Cause. (Doc. # 4.) Because this suit is brought in violation of the principle of res
judicata and the doctrine of sovereign immunity, this Court dismisses the case with
prejudice.
I. BACKGROUND
Plaintiffs were recently subject to an adverse default judgment in a case styled
United States of America v. MacDonald et al, Case No. 15-cv-02153-CMA (the
“underlying suit”). On February 29, 2016, Plaintiffs filed the instant suit. On March 10,
2016, Plaintiffs filed their first amended complaint. 1 (Doc. # 7.) The first amended
Save for the addition of a handwritten telephone number, the first amended complaint
and the original complaint are identical.
1
complaint contained a mere recital of the pleadings filed by Plaintiffs in the underlying
suit, all of which advanced quasi-legal and religious arguments that are neither
comprehensible nor legally cognizable. Because this action was brought as an
apparent effort to relitigate the underlying lawsuit, this Court on March 1, 2016 issued
an order directing Plaintiffs to show cause why the suit should not be dismissed as
inappropriately repetitious litigation in violation of the principle of res judicata. (Doc. #
4.) Plaintiffs were ordered to respond in writing on or before March 11, 2016. (Id.) In
apparent response, Plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint styled as an “Amended
Complaint and Show Cause” on March 10, 2016. (Doc. # 7.)
II. LEGAL STANDARD AND DISCUSSION
The doctrine of res judicata, or claim preclusion, will prevent a party from
relitigating a legal claim that was or could have been the subject of a previously issued
final judgment. Lewis v. Circuit City Stores, Inc., 500 F.3d 1140, 1147 (10th Cir. 2007)
(quotation marks and citation omitted). Though res judicata is traditionally an affirmative
defense, “if a court is on notice that it has previously decided the issue presented, the
court may dismiss the action sua sponte, even though the defense has not been
raised.” Arizona v. California, 530 U.S. 392, 412 (2000) (internal citation omitted). This
is fully consistent with the policies underlying res judicata, which are “not based solely
on the defendant’s interest in avoiding the burdens of twice defending a suit, but [are]
also based on the avoidance of unnecessary judicial waste.” Id. (citing United States v.
Sioux Nation, 448 U.S. 371, 432 (1980) (Rehnquist, J., dissenting)).
A claim is barred by res judicata when the prior action involved identical claims
and the same parties or their privies. Satsky v. Paramount Communications, Inc., 7 F.3d
1464, 1467 (10th Cir.1993). A judgment of a court having jurisdiction of the parties and
of the subject matter operates as res judicata, in the absence of fraud or collusion, even
if obtained upon a default. Morris v. Jones, 329 U.S. 545, 550-51 (1947).
The Court has thoroughly reviewed the original and amended complaints. In the
second amended complaint filed in apparent response to the order to show cause,
Plaintiffs do not address how the instant action differs from the underlying suit. Instead,
Plaintiffs again point to filings in the underlying suit, and advance arguments that are
neither comprehensible nor legally cognizable. 2
It is plain that Plaintiffs wish to relitigate the underlying suit, an action that was
fully and finally adjudicated by this Court. The instant complaints raise no new claims
and fail to differentiate this action in any way – meaningful or otherwise – from the
underlying suit. This Court need not and will not indulge this repetitious litigation.
The Court further notes that this case is brought in apparent violation of the
doctrine of sovereign immunity. Plaintiffs name as the only Defendant the United States
of America. “It has long been established . . . that the United States, as sovereign, ‘is
immune from suit save as it consents to be sued.’” United States v. Testan, 424 U.S.
Plaintiffs, for example, argue they have entered into a “binding private trust” with the
United States of America and delivered “financial instruments” totaling $1,787,472.19 to
settle their outstanding debts. (Doc. # 7 at 1-2.) The “financial instruments” to which
Plaintiffs allude are the so-called “Notice of Claim and Demand” and “Affidavit of
Individual Surety” filings made in the underlying suit. See, e.g., (Case No. 15-cv-02153CMA, Doc. # 23.) These documents are nonsensical assemblages of quasi-legal
jargon, not financial instruments.
2
392, 399 (1976) (quoting United States v. Sherwood, 312 U.S. 584, 586 (1941)). This
immunity extends to injunctive relief. Hatahley v. United States, 351 U.S. 173, 176
(1956) (district court had no power to enjoin United States or its agents from destroying
horses owned by Navaho Indians); Naganab v. Hitchcock, 202 U.S. 473, 475–76 (1906)
(Chippewa Indians could not require Secretary of Interior to administer certain lands for
their benefit); Hill v. United States, 50 U.S. 386, 388–90 (1850) (judgment debtor barred
from enjoining United States from enforcing judgment); see also United States v.
Patterson, 206 F.2d 345, 348 (5th Cir.1953) (“[I]t is beyond dispute that unless
expressly permitted by an Act of Congress, no injunction can be granted against the
United States.”).
As the Supreme Court explained in Larson v. Domestic & Foreign Commerce
Corp., 337 U.S. 682 (1949) (superseded in part by 5 U.S.C. § 702):
[I]t is one thing to provide a method by which a citizen may be
compensated for a wrong done him by the Government. It is a far
different matter to permit a court to exercise its compulsive powers to
restrain the Government from acting, or to compel it to act. There are
the strongest reasons of public policy for the rule that such relief
cannot be had against the sovereign. The Government, as
representative of the community as a whole, cannot be stopped in its
tracks by any plaintiff who presents a disputed question of property or
contract right. As was early recognized, “The interference of the Courts
with the performance of the ordinary duties of the executive
departments of the government, would be productive of nothing but
mischief....”
Id. at 704 (quoting Decatur v. Paulding, 14 Pet. 497, 516 (1840)).
The existence of consent is a prerequisite for jurisdiction. United States v.
Mitchell, 463 U.S. 206, 212 (1983). Thus, if the government has not consented to suit,
the courts have no jurisdiction to either “restrain the government from acting, or to
compel it to act.” Larson, 337 U.S. at 704. Believing that the United States has not
consented to this suit or Plaintiffs’ prayers for injunctive relief, this Court concludes it
lacks jurisdiction to entertain the action.
For the foregoing reasons, it is ORDERED that this case is DISMISSED WITH
PREJUDICE as repetitious litigation in violation of the principle of res judicata and the
doctrine of sovereign immunity. Plaintiffs are further advised that the continued initiation
of repetitious suits may result in the imposition of sanctions, including filing restrictions.
It is
FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiffs’ Motion for Temporary Restraining Order
(Doc. # 8) and Motion for Forthwith Hearing (Doc. # 10) are DENIED AS MOOT.
DATED: March 15, 2016
BY THE COURT:
_____________________________
CHRISTINE M. ARGUELLO
United States District Judge
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