Leroy v. Colvin
Filing
28
RULING (see attached) ACCEPTING AS MODIFIED the 24 Report and Recommendation of the Magistrate Judge; GRANTING 19 Plaintiff's Motion to the extent it seeks a remand for a new hearing; DENYING 23 Commissioner's Motion; and DENYING Plaintiff's 26 Motion for extension of time. Signed by Judge Charles S. Haight, Jr. on February 6, 2015. (Pylman, J.)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT
____________________________________
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CYNTHIA P. LEROY,
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)
No. 3:13-cv-922 CSH
Plaintiff,
)
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v.
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CAROLYN W. COLVIN,
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ACTING COMMISSIONER OF
)
FEBRUARY 6, 2015
SOCIAL SECURITY,
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Defendant.
)
____________________________________)
RULING ON RECOMMENDED RULING OF MAGISTRATE JUDGE
HAIGHT, Senior District Judge:
In this action under § 205(g) of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g), 1383(c)(3), as
amended, Plaintiff Cynthia P. Leroy seeks review of a final decision of the Defendant Commissioner
of Social Security denying Plaintiff Disability Insurance Benefits ("DIB").
Plaintiff Leroy applied to the Social Security Agency ("SSA") for DIB, on the basis that
during the relevant period of time she was disabled as the result of a combination of medical
conditions. Her case was heard by Administrative Law Judge Jane A. Crawford ("ALJ"), who after
an evidentiary hearing issued a decision that Leroy was not disabled through September 30, 2010,
the date she was last insured. Accordingly, Leroy's application for DIB was denied in its entirety.
The SSA Appeals Council denied Leroy's request for a review , thereby rendering the ALJ's decision
the final decision of the Commissioner. This action followed.
Leroy filed a motion for an order reversing the decision of the Commissioner, or in the
1
alternative a remand for a rehearing before the ALJ. The Commissioner cross-moved for an order
affirming her decision denying Leroy's application. The Court referred the case to Magistrate Judge
Joan G. Margolis for report and recommendations pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B).
In a Recommended Ruling ("RR") [Doc. 24], Judge Margolies recommended that Leroy's
motion be denied and the Commissioner's cross-motion be granted. Leroy has filed objections to
the RR. This opinion considers them.
I
A threshold question, unaccountably disregarded by the Commissioner, arises because
Leroy's objections to the RR were not timely filed under the statutory scheme. The Court raises the
timeliness of the objections sua sponte because it impacts the standard of review.
28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) provides in pertinent part:
Within fourteen days after being served with a copy, any party may
serve and file written objections to such proposed findings and
recommendations as provided by rules of court. A judge of the court
shall make a de novo determination of those portions of the report or
specified proposed findings or recommendations to which objection
is made. A judge of the court may accept, reject, or modify, in whole
or in part, the findings or recommendations made by the magistrate
judge.
In the case at bar, Judge Margolis dated and filed her Recommended Ruling [Doc. 24] on
September 2, 2014. At the inception of the case, Judge Margolis entered an order [Doc. 4] which
provided: "This case is designated as an electronically filed case," and specified: "All activity in the
case (e.g., documents, orders, notices and calendars) will be filed/sent electronically from this date
forward." It follows that September 2, 2014, the date the RR was filed, is also the date Plaintiff was
"served with a copy," as that phrase is used in § 636(b)(1). "Written objections" to the RR, which
2
"specified proposed findings or recommendations to which objection is made," had to be filed
"within fourteen days" after September 2. Excluding September 2 from the calculation, objections
in the proper form were due not later than September 16.
Plaintiff did not file objections to the RR within that statutory period. Instead, on September
19, 2014, she filed [Doc. 25] a self-styled "Objection to Magistrate Judge's Recommended Ruling."
That submission did not specify any findings or recommendations in the RR to which Plaintiff
objected; instead, Doc. 25 concluded by saying: "Plaintiff will set forth the factual and legal bases
for her Objection in a separate Memorandum, but in a Motion filed herewith, plaintiff asks for an
Extension of Time of four weeks, until October 18, 2014, to file said Memorandum." The next
docket entry recites that on October 14, 2014, Plaintiff filed a single-sentence "Objection" [Doc. 27]
to the RR, together with a five-page Memorandum [Doc. 27-1] which for the first time specified the
findings and recommendations in the RR to which objection was made.1
This recitation compels the conclusion that Plaintiff did not file objections to the RR
complying with the requirements of § 636(b)(1) until October 14, 2014, six weeks after the RR was
electronically served on counsel (September 2) and four weeks after objections in proper form were
due (September 16). The consequence of that untimely submission is to deprive Plaintiff of the right
to have this Court make a de novo determination of the Magistrate Judge's findings or
recommendation to which Plaintiff objects. A district judge's de novo responsibility is triggered by
a party's objection that is both proper in form and within the time required by the statute. Any other
1
Equally unaccountably, the Commissioner has not filed any opposition to Plaintiff Leroy's
objections, although practice under § 636(b)(1) allows the Commissioner to do so and that officer
routinely avails herself of the opportunity. In this case, I do not infer from the Commissioner's
silence that she agrees with Leroy's objections, and experienced counsel for Plaintiff do not suggest
that I should.
3
conclusion would write the explicit fourteen-day provision out of the statute. Nor is a valid objection
created by Plaintiff's motion for an extension of time to file an objection to the RR [Doc. #26]. That
motion, filed on September 19, three days after the objection to the RR was due, is itself untimely
and must therefore be denied.
A party's failure to make objections to a magistrate judge's recommendations is not
jurisdictional in nature. That is to say, the failure does not preclude any review by the district court.
But it does narrow the scope of that review. "The district court adopts a Magistrate Judge's report
and recommendation where no clear error appears on the face of the record. However, the court is
required to make a de novo determination of those portions of a report to which objection is made."
Lee v. Lending Tree, 473 F.Supp.2d 435, 436 (S.D.N.Y. 2007) (citations omitted). "A district court
evaluating a Magistrate's report may adopt those portions of the report to which no specific, written
objection is made, as long as those sections are not clearly erroneous." Bandham v. Laboratory
Corp. Of America, 234 F.Supp.2d 313, 316 (S.D.N.Y. 2002 (citations and internal quotation marks
omitted). If no timely objection is filed, "the district court can adopt the report without making a de
novo determination." United States v. Male Juvenile, 121 F.3d 34, 38 (2d Cir. 1997).
In the cited cases, no objections to a Magistrate Judge's report and recommendation were
filed. In the case at bar, objections were filed, but beyond the time limit provided by the statute. I
think it clear that the consequences should be the same in both situations. The statute provides that
a district court must make "a de novo determination" with respect to "specific proposed findings or
recommendations to which objection is made" in written objections served and filed "within fourteen
days after being served with a copy" of the report. A de novo determination is the most broad, least
deferential standard of review known to the law. In § 636(b)(1), Congress conditioned a party's
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entitlement to de novo review of a magistrate judge's report upon the timing of objections (fourteen
days after service) and their form (written and specific).
Congress presumably had its reasons for imposing these limitations. I do not see my way
clear to disregarding them. The question arises because in this case, Plaintiff did not file written
specific objections to Judge Margolis's report and recommendations until six weeks after counsel
was electronically served with a copy. It follows that this Court will not subject any of Leroy's
objections to a de novo evaluation. The standard of review will be limited to inquiring whether any
aspect of the RR is clearly erroneous, or stated otherwise, whether a clear error appears on the face
of the record.
II
That inquiry leads the Court to consider what has come to known in cases of this nature as
the "treating physician rule," a formulation first created by Second Circuit decisions, and thereafter
changed and clarified by SSA regulations, 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(d) (1991), whose validity the
Second Circuit has accepted. For a discussion of this history, see Schaal v. Apfel, 134 F.3d 496, 503504 (2d Cir. 1998).
The concept is born of common sense. An individual applying for disability benefits under
the SSA claims to be disabled by medical conditions: physical, mental, or a combination. Invariably,
prior to applying for benefits, the individual's conditions have been treated by a physician or
physicians: hence the descriptive phrase "treating physician." On the core question of whether the
individual is disabled by the conditions, a treating physician is uniquely qualified to express an
informed professional view. An SSA ALJ is generally required by the regulations and Second
Circuit case law to give the opinion of a treating physician more weight than other reports or
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opinions in the administrative record. See Burgess v. Astrue, 537 F.3d 117, 128-29 (2d Cir. 2008).
Circumstances may arise, the Second Circuit has held repeatedly, when an ALJ has the "duty
to seek additional information from [a treating physician] sua sponte." Schaal, 134 F.3d at 505.
"The ALJ's duty to develop the record reflects the essentially non-adversarial nature of the benefits
proceeding. It is the ALJ's duty to investigate the facts and develop the arguments both for and
against granting benefits." Swintek v. Commissioner, ___ Fed.Appx ___, 2015 WL 106346 (2d Cir.
Jan. 8, 2015), at *2 (citations and internal quotation marks omitted). Whether an ALJ breached that
duty in a particular case depends upon the totality of its facts and circumstances.
In the case at bar, Leroy's principal treating physician was S. Javed Shahid, M.D., a boardcertified neurological surgeon whose practice is in Norwalk and Danbury, Connecticut. Dr. Shahid
performed two spinal neck surgeries on Leroy: the first on June 23, 2004, and the second on
February 8, 2006. Leroy's application to the SSA for disability benefits cites February 8, 2006 as the
beginning date of her disability. On that date, according to the ALJ's decision at pages 3 and 4,
Leroy underwent at Dr. Shahid's hands:
a left C6-C7 hemilaminectomy and foraminotomy and a mass fusion
of the C4 through C7 vertebrae on February 8, 2006. She had
recently incurred a neck injury on a trip to Maine wherein she was
thrown violently on the shore by an ocean wave. The medical
evidence of record substantiates that this impairment more than limits
the claimant's ability to perform basic work activities. Accordingly,
the undersigned finds that such impairment is severe.
Doc. [8-3] at 12-13 (citations to record omitted).
Following her surgery on February 8, 2006, Leroy continued to have problems involving pain
and various degrees of physical limitation. She paid a number of follow-up visits to Dr. Shahid.
Those consultations generated a substantial amount of medical notes and reports, most of which
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comprise the 43-page Exhibit 2F at the administrative hearing (Doc. 8-8 in this Court on these
motions). Dr. Shahid's last report in evidence, dated February 17, 2011 (Administrative Exhibit 8F,
Doc. 8-9 in this Court), recounts his findings and impressions during a follow-up visit Leroy paid
to him on February 15, 2011. After describing certain clinical findings and subjective complaints,
Dr. Shahid concludes his report by saying:
She clearly has lost cervical range of motion and her most of the
motion is occurring at the upper cervical spine so I feel at this point
in time she has lost greater than 40-45% of her cervical motion in
extension, flexion, and lateral rotation. Neurologically, she is intact
but she has issues now that going on with her severe tendonitis in the
right elbow which gets aggravated if she does any kind of physical
activity that involves using more weights or repetitive motion. If she
raises her arm for any length of time, the neck bothers her a lot.
DISCUSSION: She has continued to live with her disability. She
remains disabled. I will see her on a p.r.n. basis.
Doc. [8-9] at 2 (emphasis added).2
The case at bar presents the question whether the ALJ gave appropriate consideration to the
opinion of a treating physician that this disability benefits applicant was "disabled." ALJ Crawford
discusses Dr. Shahid at pages 10 and 11 of her decision. She begins by saying:
The assessment of S. Javed Shahid, M.D. (Ex. 2F), is given great
weight due to his treatment relationship with the claimant and due to
the level of support for the assessment in the evidence of record.
Doc. [8-3] at 19. The ALJ's recognition of Dr. Shahid as Leroy's "treating physician" is an
2
The medical notation "p.r.n.," translated into English, means "as needed." Dr. Shahid's
report, which I have quoted in text just as it appears in the original, contains several grammatical
lapses, and if he were submitting it as part of a Graduate School course in Composition I would
scatter some disapproving "sic"s about. But it seems likely that Dr. Shahid was dictating the report
from his notes, as busy physicians are wont to do, and his clinical and professional opinions are
clear.
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acknowledgment of the obvious. The ALJ gives "great weight" to Dr. Shahid's "treatment
relationship" with Leroy, an odd way of putting it because "weight" in this context usually relates
to opinions, not the relationships that generate opinions. In any event, the ALJ went on to discount
entirely Dr. Shahid's opinion that as the result of Leroy's medical and physical conditions, she
"remains disabled." On that core issue, the ALJ said:
The statement of Dr. Shahid that the claimant "remains disabled" (Ex.
8F) is given little weight because the terms "disabled" and "disability"
are legal terms of art, meaning that the disability analysis is not solely
a question of medical fact. There is no indication in the record that
the opinion given is based upon the proper application of the legal
test of disability using appropriate and accurate vocational data.
Doc. [8-3] at 20.
In Leroy's motion to reverse the Commissioner's denial of benefits, counsel argued that the
ALJ failed to give requisite deference to the opinion of Dr. Shahid, a treating physician, that Leroy
"remains disabled." Judge Margolis's RR [Doc. 24] rejected that argument. The RR quotes the
ALJ's decision giving "little weight" to Dr. Shahid's statement that Leroy "remains disabled" because,
the ALJ stated, "the terms 'disabled' and disability' are legal terms of art, meaning that the disability
analysis is not solely a question of medical fact." The RR accepts that proposition, and expands
upon it:
The ALJ was correct in her assessment as it is well settled that "some
kinds of findings – including the ultimate finding of whether a
claimant is disabled and cannot work – are reserved to the
Commissioner. . . . [T]he Social Security Administration considers
the data that physicians provide but draws its own conclusions as to
whether those data indicate disability." Snell v. Apfel, 177 F.3d 128,
133 (2d Cir. 1999) (internal citations & quotations omitted); 20
C.F.R. § 404.1527(d) (opinions that a claimant is disabled or unable
to work are opinions on issues reserved to the Commissioner because
they are administrative findings that are dispositive of a case).
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Doc. [24] at 23.
It seems to me, with respect, that while this analysis is correct as far as it goes, it does not go
far enough. Judge Calabresi's opinion for a unanimous Second Circuit panel in Snell, cited by the
Magistrate Judge, cuts two ways, as the following passage demonstrates:
The final question of disability is, as noted earlier, expressly reserved
to the Commissioner. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(e)(1).
Reserving the ultimate issue of disability to the Commissioner
relieves the Social Security Administration of having to credit a
doctor's finding of disability, but it does not exempt administrative
decisionmakers from their obligation, under Schaal and §
404.1527(d)(2), to explain why a treating physician's opinions are not
being credited. The requirement of reason-giving exists, in part, to let
claimants understand the disposition of their cases, even – and
perhaps especially – when those dispositions are unfavorable. A
claimant like Snell, who knows that her physician has deemed her
disabled, might be especially bewildered when told by an
administrative bureaucracy that she is not, unless some reason for the
agency's decision is supplied. Snell is not entitled to have Dr.
Cooley's [her treating physician's] opinion on the ultimate question of
disability be treated as controlling, but she is entitled to be told why
the Commissioner has decided – as under appropriate circumstances
is his right – to disagree with Dr. Cooley.
177 F.3d at 133-134 (one citation omitted).
The Second Circuit's decision in Snell furnishes valuable guidance in the case at bar. The
ALJ in the present case chastised Dr. Shahid with a lecture that "the terms 'disabled' and 'disability'
are legal terms of art, meaning that the disability analysis is not solely a question of medical fact"
(emphasis added). True enough: But in an SSA analysis, "disability" is partially "a question of
medical fact." The ALJ's single-minded concentration upon "disability" as a "legal terrm of art"
caused her to lose sight of the fact that it is also a medical term. To state the case in Pentecostal
terms: In the world of Social Security Act disability analysis, a physician speaks only in the medical
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tongue. An ALJ (and the attorneys appearing before those officers) must speak in the medical and
vocational tongues. A reviewing court considers whether the agency has given appropriate
consideration to the use of the terms "disabled" and "disability" in each of these two frames of
reference.
Snell is instructive because Dr. Cooley, the claimant's treating physician, reached the
"ultimate conclusion that Snell was totally disabled." The ALJ and SSA Appeals Council disagreed.
The district court adopted the agency's denial of benefits. The Second Circuit vacated the district
court's and remanded the case to the Appeals Council "for a statement of the reasons on the basis of
which Dr. Cooley's finding of disability was rejected." 177 F.3d at 133, 134. Dr. Cooley spoke, one
should remember, in the tongue of medicine: for him, "disabled" was "a question of medical fact,"
and he used that term without apology. So did Dr. Shahid.
In Snell, the Second Circuit cited and followed its earlier decision in Schaal v. Apfel, 134
F.3d 496 (2d Cir. 1998). The court of appeals' opinion in Schaal is equally instructive in the case
at bar. In Schaal, the claimant's treating physician, a Dr. Jobson, expressed the opinion that claimant
was "'totally disabled and has been disabled, for the past 3 years, since 1990.'" 134 F.3d at 500. The
ALJ ruled after a hearing that "plaintiff was not eligible for benefits because she was not 'disabled'
for purposes of the Act," id. at 498, a ruling which became the final decision of the Commissioner.
Claimant sued in the district court. A magistrate judge recommended dismissal of the action. The
district court adopted that recommendation. On appeal, the Second Circuit reversed the dismissal
of claimant's suit and remanded the case to the SSA for further proceedings, for reasons stated in part
at 134 F.3d 505:
In sum, because we are unsure exactly what legal standard the ALJ
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applied in weighing Dr. Jobson's opinion, because application of the
correct standard does not lead inexorably to a single conclusion, and
because the Commissioner failed to provide plaintiff with "good
reasons" for the lack of weight attributed to her treating physician's
opinion as required by SSA regulations, we conclude that the proper
course is to direct that this case be remanded to the SSA to allow the
ALJ to reweigh the evidence pursuant to the 1991 Regulations,
developing the record as may be needed.
The "1991 Regulations," to which the Second Circuit referred in Schaal, include 20 C.F.R.
§ 404.1527(d)(2), which provides in part: "We will always give good reasons in our notice of
determination or decision for the weight we give your treating source's opinion."
During the course of its opinion in Schaal, the Second Circuit included a discussion of
relevant principles which I quote at some length because of the bearing of those principles upon the
case at bar:
Nor does it appear that the Commissioner provided "good reasons"
for discrediting Dr. Jobson's opinion, as the 1991 Regulations require.
The lack of clinical findings complained of by the ALJ did not justify
the failure to assign at least some weight to Dr. Jobson's opinion, for
two reasons. First, even if the clinical findings were inadequate, it
was the ALJ's duty to seek additional information from Dr. Jobson
sua sponte. The ALJ generally has an affirmative obligation to
develop the administrative record. This duty exists even when the
claimant is represented by counsel. Second, notwithstanding the
ALJ's failure to solicit further information from Dr. Jobson, plaintiff
did provide such additional medical evidence, in the form of Dr.
Jobson's treatment notes, to the Appeals Council. Similarly, Dr.
Jobson's treatment notes appear to address the ALJ's doubts as to the
duration of plaintiff's treating relationship with Dr. Jobson. The notes
appear to indicate that Dr. Jobson examined plaintiff at least seven
times over ten months, beginning in October 1992, and that plaintiff
was treated at the Mid-Hudson clinic, where Dr. Jobson worked, a
total of 15 times over that same period. Therefore, by the time the
Commissioner's decision became final upon denial of review by the
Appeals Council, the only two reasons indicating by the ALJ for
discounting Dr. Jobson's opinion were no longer valid. We hold that
the Commissioner's failure to provide "good reasons" for apparently
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affording no weight to the opinion of plaintiff's treating physician
constituted legal error.
134 F.3d at 505 (citations, internal quotation marks, and footnotes omitted).
This discussion by the Second Circuit resonates in the case at bar in several ways. In Schaal
the ALJ discounted the treating physician's opinion that the claimant was disabled because of a "lack
of clinical findings." Judge Cabranes, writing for the court of appeals, briskly disposed of that
reasoning: "even if the clinical findings were inadequate, it was the ALJ's duty to seek additional
information from Dr. Jobson sua sponte." That holding applies to this case a fortiori. In Schaal, the
ALJ complained of a lack of medical data (clinical findings) supporting the treating physician's
opinion on disability. In the present case, the ALJ complained of the dearth of "appropriate and
accurate vocational data" supporting Dr. Shahid's opinion of February 17, 2011 that Leroy "remained
disabled." If, as the Second Circuit held in Schaal, a lack of medical data is an insufficient basis for
an ALJ to disregard a treating physician's opinion, that is at least equally true of a lack of vocational
data. That proposition follows a fortiori because a physician is expected to speak in medical, not
vocational language.3 An ALJ's duty to "seek additional information" arises in either situation.
An ALJ bears the duty of further inquiry, the Second Circuit held recently, because "the
essentially non-adversarial nature" of an SSA benefits proceeding casts upon an ALJ the "duty to
investigate the facts and develop the arguments both for and against granting benefits." Swintek,
2015 WL 106346 at *2 (2d Cir. Jan. 8, 2015) (internal quotation marks omitted). In the case at bar,
the ALJ had to consider a February 2011 opinion by Dr. Shahid, a treating physician and surgeon
3
Case law reveals that on occasion, a treating physician is asked to fill out an SSA
questionnaire which is cast in vocational as well as medical terms. There is no evidence in the
present case that Dr. Shahid filled out such a form with respect to Ms. Leroy.
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who operated on Leroy in February 8, 2006 and conducted a number of follow-up visits in the
interval, dealing at times with various symptoms and complaints recounted by Leroy.4 Dr. Shahid
says in his February 17, 2011 treatment note: "She remains disabled." Dr. Shahid's medical records
concerning Leroy in evidence do not appear to include a prior use of the adjective "disabled" to
describe Leroy, so one may question his phrase "remains disabled." It is also fair to say that Dr.
Shahid's February 2011 note is sketchy in its designation of the clinical facts that lead to his
characterization of Leroy as "disabled." These are areas in which Dr. Shadid could have been asked
for amplification or clarification of a medical opinion that lay at the heart of the benefits proceeding.
The ALJ's duty at that point, the Second Circuit decisions hold, was to "seek additional
information," an obvious source being the treating physician himself. Dr. Shadid could have been
asked what this treating physician meant by "disabled"; what specific medical condition or
conditions caused him to conclude that Leroy was "disabled"; when in the course of the treatment
Leroy became "disabled"; and the like. In Schaal, the Second Circuit remanded the case to the SSA
so this sort of inquiry could be made in respect of a treating physician's opinion with which the
agency disagreed, and a further explanation given if the agency persisted in that judgment after
further inquiry. The Second Circuit made the same decision and issued a comparable order of
remand in Snell.
In McIntyre v. Astrue, 809 F.Supp.2d 13 (D.Conn. 2010), Judge Underhill applied these
principles to the conduct of the SSA Appeals Council. In that disability benefits action, the
claimant's treating physician, Dr. Delaney, gave an opinion in 2006 that the claimant could perform
4
Dr. Shahid's continuing treatment of Leroy qualifies him as a "treating physician" in much
the same way as Dr. Jobson acquired that status in Schaal.
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sedentary work. The ALJ accepted that opinion and denied benefits. Claimant sought review by the
Appeals Council. In support of that appeal, claimant submitted to the Appeals council an MRI and
a second opinion in 2007 by Dr. Delaney, which repudiated his prior opinion and opined that
claimant was incapable of performing even sedentary work. Neither document had been before the
ALJ. The Appeals Council "simply accepted the ALJ's determination," 809 F.Supp.2d at 18, and
denied benefits.
Judge Underhill concluded that the Appeals Council had committed clear error. He noted
the provision in the Regulations that "We will always give good reasons in our notice of
determination or decision for the weight we give your treating source's opinion," and held: "Even
if the ALJ's decision and analysis regarding Delaney's first opinion were proper, the Commissioner
failed to comply with the regulations because the Appeals Council failed to meet its burden of
providing plaintiff with good reasons for the lack of weight attributed to the treating physician's
second opinion." 809 F.Supp.2d at 19. He remanded the case "to the ALJ for consideration of the
new evidence," adding that: "Remand allows the ALJ an opportunity to consider and appropriately
weigh Delaney's opinion and to re-contact Delaney for clarification, if necessary." Id. at 23
(emphasis added).
McIntyre is procedurally distinguishable from the case at bar because the agency's failure
occurred at the Appeals Council stage, rather than, as in this case, during proceedings before the
Administrative Law Judge. But that is a distinction without a difference. Judge Underhill's
application of the "good reasons" requirement to events first occurring during the Appeals Council
stage, and his ruling that the Appeals Council bears the same burden of providing a disability
plaintiff with good reasons for disregarding a treating physician's opinion as does an ALJ,
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demonstrates the overarching importance courts in this Circuit attach to that requirement.
In her ruling recommending affirmance of the Commissioner's denial of benefits to Leroy,
Judge Margolis puts forward an alternative basis for rejecting Leroy's invocation of the treating
physician rule: "Additionally, for the reasons stated in Section IV.A. supra, substantial evidence
supports the ALJ's RFC determination, and plaintiff points to no gaps in the administrative record
requiring the ALJ to recontact Dr. Shahid." RR, Doc. 24, at 23. I take this to mean that since the
ALJ's calculation of Leroy's RFC ("residual functional capacity") showed she was capable of "light
work" as defined in the Regulations, she could not be characterized as "disabled" or deemed eligible
for disability benefits. That RFC determination, the RR concludes in effect, trumps the opinion of
Dr. Shahid, the treating physician, that Leroy "remains disabled."
The problem with this apologia is that ALJ Crawford did not specifically identify Leroy's
RFC (a vocational determination) as a reason for disagreeing with Dr. Shahid's medical opinion that
Leroy "remains disabled." The ALJ's decision, after reciting the accurate but incomplete proposition
that "disability analysis is not solely a question of medical fact," dismisses Dr. Shahid''s medical
opinion in "one generalized sentence" for its failure to use "appropriate vocational data." The phrase
I have quoted comes from Mott v. Astrue, No. 5:10-cv-165, 2011 WL 4748345 (D.Vt. Oct. 6, 2011),
at *5, where the district court, remanding a denial of benefits to the SSA, said that "the ALJ's
evaluation of Dr. Zsoldos's opinions consists of one generalized sentence. Because this generalized
sentence does not provide 'good reasons' for rejecting Dr. Zsoldos's opinion, it cannot be affirmed
on review."
This reviewing Court cannot accept a rationale supplying "good reasons" if that rationale is
fashioned by someone other than the ALJ. "Nor can the court accept the Commissioner's invitation
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to seek the record for evidence which may supply 'good reasons.'" Mott, 2011 WL 4748345, at *5
(citing Snell). In Peralta v. Barnhart, No. 04-cv-4557, 2005 WL 1527669 (E.D.N.Y. June 22,
2005), at *10, the district court said:
More importantly, the Commissioner's explanation of the ALJ's
rationale is not a substitute for the ALJ providing good reasons in his
decision for the weight given to treating physician's opinions. See
Snell, 177 F.3d at 134 (refusing to accept Commissioner's post hoc
explanation for weight given to treating physician) (citing Burlington
Truck Lines, Inc. v. United States, 471 U.S. 156, 168 (1962)
(reviewing court "may not accept appellate counsel's post hoc
rationalizations for agency action.")).
The cases cited in this Part teach that an ALJ has a non-delegable duty to explain to a
plaintiff the "good reasons" why the ALJ is discounting a treating physician's opinion. No one –
neither counsel, nor Commissioner, nor reviewing Court – can perform that function for the ALJ
if the ALJ has failed to do it. In the case at bar, the ALJ's terse explanation for her disregard of Dr.
Shahid''s opinion that Leroy "remains disabled" is inadequate as a matter of law.
The case must be remanded in order to correct an error of law appearing on the face of the
record. In making that direction, I follow the course charted by the Second Circuit in Schaal and
Snell, and other cases as well; see, e.g., Burgess v. Astrue, 537 F.3d 117, 132 (2d Cir. 2008).
III
Plaintiff's brief in support of her objections to the RR contains other specifications of
perceived error. Plaintiff faults the Magistrate Judge for accepting the ALJ's calculation of Leroy's
RFC, and for failing (as did the ALJ) to recognize the asserted "effect of Ms. Leroy's obesity on her
knee problems." Doc. 27-1 at 2.
For the reasons stated in Part I, these objections are not subject to this Court's de novo
16
evaluation. Unlike the question posed by the treating physician rule, the RR's conclusions on these
issues are not clearly erroneous. The objections relating to them will be denied.
IV
For the foregoing reasons, Plaintiff's Objections to the Recommended Ruling of the
Magistrate Judge are GRANTED IN PART and DENIED IN PART.
The Objection asserting that the Administrative Law Judge failed to comply with the treating
physician rule is GRANTED. The case is remanded to the Social Security Administration, with
instructions that the case be resubmitted to the Administrative Law Judge, who is required to
consider (1) whether additional information should be obtained from Dr. Shahid and (2) whether the
ALJ agrees or disagrees with Dr. Shahid's opinion concerning Plaintiff's disability. If the ALJ
disagrees with Dr. Shahid's opinion, the ALJ is to give a full, explicit and comprehensive statement
of the reasons for that disagreement and for the ALJ's contrary conclusion. See Burgess v. Astrue,
537 F.3d at 132.
In all other respects, the Plaintiff's Objections are OVERRULED AND DENIED.
Accordingly, Plaintiff's Motion [Doc. #19] is GRANTED to the extent it seeks a remand for
a new hearing, and the Commissioner's Motion [Doc.#23] is DENIED.
The Report and Recommendation of the Magistrate Judge [Doc. #24] is ACCEPTED AS
MODIFIED by this Ruling.
The Clerk is directed to close the file. It is SO ORDERED.
Dated: New Haven, Connecticut
February 6, 2015
/s/ Charles S. Haight, Jr.
CHARLES S. HAIGHT, JR.
Senior United States District Judge
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