Personalized User Model LLP v. Google Inc.

Filing 294

Official Transcript of Telephone Conference held on June 29, 2011 before Judge Stark. Court Reporter Brian Gaffigan, Telephone (302) 573-6360. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased through the Court Reporter before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date, it may be obtained through PACER. Redaction Request due 7/29/2011. Redacted Transcript Deadline set for 8/8/2011. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 10/6/2011. (bpg)

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1 1 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 2 IN AND FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELAWARE 3 4 - - PERSONALIZED USER MODEL, L.L.P., Plaintiff, 5 6 7 v. GOOGLE, INC., Defendant. 8 9 : : : : : : : CIVIL ACTION NO. 09-525-LPS - - - 10 Wilmington, Delaware Wednesday, June 29, 2011 Telephone Conference 11 - - - 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 BEFORE: HONORABLE LEONARD P. STARK, U.S.D.C.J. - - - APPEARANCES: MORRIS NICHOLS ARSHT & TUNNELL, LLP BY: KAREN JACOBS LOUDEN, ESQ. and SNR DENTON, LLP BY: MARK C. NELSON, ESQ. (Dallas, Texas) and SNR DENTON, LLP BY: CHRISTIAN E. SAMAY, ESQ. (Short Hill, New Jersey) Counsel for Plaintiff Brian P. Gaffigan Registered Merit Reporter 2 1 APPEARANCES: (Continued) 2 3 POTTER ANDERSON & CORROON, LLP BY: DAVID E. MOORE, ESQ. 4 and 5 QUINN EMANUEL URQUHART OLIVER & HEDGES, LLP BY: DAVID A. PERLSON, ESQ. (San Francisco, California) 6 7 Counsel for Defendant 8 9 10 - oOo - 11 P R O C E E D I N G S 12 13 (REPORTER'S NOTE: conference was held in chambers, beginning at 3:20 p.m.) 14 THE COURT: 15 Judge Stark. 16 Stark. 17 The following telephone Good afternoon, everyone. Who is there, please? This is Counsel, it's Judge Who is there, please? MS. JACOBS LOUDEN: Good afternoon, your Honor. 18 For the plaintiff this is Karen Jacobs Louden at Morris 19 Nichols; and I have on the line with me Mark Nelson at and 20 Chris Samay from SNR Denton. 21 THE COURT: Okay. 22 MR. MOORE: And on behalf of Google your Honor 23 David Moore from Potter Anderson; and with me on the line is 24 David Perlson from Quinn Emanuel. 25 THE COURT: Okay. And that's everybody? 3 1 MR. MOORE: Yes. 2 MS. JACOBS LOUDEN: 3 THE COURT: Yes, it is. Thank you. For the record, it is 4 our case of Personalized User Model LLP v Google Inc., our 5 Civil Action No. 09-525-LPS. 6 discuss Google's request to compel production of certain 7 communications between the plaintiff's counsel and the two 8 inventors. 9 from Google, please. 10 11 The purpose of this call is to As it is Google's request, let me hear first MR. PERLSON: Thank you, your Honor. This is David Perlson. 12 Your Honor, this is really the same issue that 13 you were presented with at deposition of Mr. Twersky back 14 in May, I believe. 15 counsel on, among the inventors on the same subject matter, 16 conception and the change in the interrogatory response for 17 which PUM itself is relying on communications of counsel. 18 While these aren't the same communications that were at 19 issue in that call, the reason we're entitled to them is 20 the same. 21 communications on the subject that they can rely on. Here, we're seeking communications with PUM cannot pick and choose which attorney 22 I think it's notable that PUM in its response 23 doesn't even really try to argue that the issue presented 24 here absent these communications are any different as to the 25 communications of which you already ruled on. Instead, PUM 4 1 largely repeats the same arguments it made before. You 2 know, like before, it tries to go in and explain what its 3 story is as to the change in the interrogatory response and 4 the testimony related thereto, but that is the story that 5 we should be entitled to test given that they, through that 6 story, have injected communications with counsel and with 7 the inventors on the issue of conception and change of the 8 interrogatory. That's what these relate to. 9 I'll note just a couple things about the story 10 they're telling which in incomplete in their letter brief. 11 For one thing, they suggest that this issue of the SRI 12 ownership was sort of first at play in this January 19th 13 letter where Google informed plaintiff of its ownership, 14 that it inquired the ownership interest of SRI. 15 issue was before that. 16 But this I mean at Mr. Konig's deposition, I had asked 17 him questions regarding his employment agreement at SRI, you 18 know, whether there was agreement to assign intellectual 19 property. 20 for information and produced documents, including his 21 employment agreement, to January 12th, 2011. 22 they're telling is incomplete. We subpoenaed SRI on December 20th, last year, So the story 23 And they additionally say that PUM would have 24 met to clarify conception even earlier than January 19th, 25 but seeing such as the Markman hearing and Mr. Twersky being 5 1 out of the country prevented that. 2 consistent with the facts. 3 But that's also not First of all, Mr. Twersky although he flip 4 flopped on this issue at his deposition initially, both he 5 and at PUM's own interrogatory response say they were aware 6 of this issue in December, after the depositions, the 7 beginning of December. 8 couldn't have been dealt with then; and he didn't leave -- 9 Mr. Twersky didn't leave for Israel until December 21st. There is no reason why this stuff 10 There were several weeks they could have dealt with before 11 then. 12 think we are entitled to test it. 13 So the story both is evolving and changing, and I Again, as I just mention, as we detailed in 14 the briefs, Mr. Twersky has now more than once changed his 15 testimony on key things like conception and the explanation 16 regarding PUM's change of the asserted conception date, but 17 it's of note in their brief, plaintiff is saying that 18 Mr. Konig, they say, has never wavered on his testimony 19 about the date of conception. 20 Well, that is not accurate. Their own brief 21 shows it's not accurate. They say at his December 2nd 22 deposition, he testified that he conceived of the invention 23 between August 9th, 1999 and December 1999. 24 he testified that it was on or around September 21st, 1999. 25 Obviously, there is a big difference between on or around And then later, 6 1 September 21st, 1999 and between August and December 1999, 2 in particular, given the fact Mr. Konig was still working at 3 SRI until August 6th. 4 And even in Mr. Konig's declaration from 5 March 3rd tells something different. 6 have always believed the inventions claimed in the patent in 7 suit were conceived some time between August 6th, 1999 and 8 August 31st, 1999. 9 reviewing documents with my counsel from the relevant time 10 frame, I am confident that the inventions were conceived in 11 September 1999. 12 This time, he says I But then he goes on to say: After So like Mr. Twersky, Mr. Konig as well is 13 clearly being influenced by what his counsel is -- the 14 documents they're showing him and also what they're telling 15 him. 16 simply discussed in the two in-person meetings that were the 17 subject of your Honor's prior ruling, but as the law that 18 PUM provided us that we, as an exhibit, showed, there were 19 several communications on this subject, at least 18 of 20 which. 21 all of the communications that we're seeking here. 22 It's clear that the subject matter of this was not PUM has also told us that they haven't really logged So it seems like there might even be further 23 communications, which would, for example, communications in 24 December, go to test the veracity of plaintiff's interrogatory 25 response that Mr. Twersky was aware of the inconsistency and 7 1 conception, and immediately after his deposition in December, 2 he went back and forth on that at his deposition, and just the 3 veracity of both of the inventors and of the story that PUM is 4 trying to tell regarding this change. 5 It's critical. It's a critical issue to not 6 only the motion for summary judgment that Google is seeking 7 leave to file, but if that's denied, and if it goes forward, 8 it will be front and center at trial. 9 able to point to these discussions with attorneys, the ones 10 that they like as a reason for this change in the conception 11 date, and with all the others. 12 They shouldn't be We should be able to say, as we will argue and 13 we believe is the case, that this change was motivated by 14 the ownership issue. 15 that story involves communications with counsel on the 16 issue of conception and on the issue of how they change 17 their interrogatory response, we should be entitled to full 18 disclosure of those communications. 19 THE COURT: And we should, as their rebuttal to I want to make sure I understand 20 exactly what it is that you are looking to have produced as 21 a result your request today. 22 MR. PERLSON: 23 THE COURT: Sure. Is it simply the three categories of 24 communications set forth at the bottom of what is listed as 25 page 4 of your letter? 8 1 MR. PERLSON: Correct, your Honor. That's 2 correct. 3 we're seeking for communications months earlier, and I'm not 4 sure what that is in reference to. 5 you are pointing to is what we're seeking. 6 I think there was reference in PUM's letter that THE COURT: But you are right, what So do you put a time frame on it? Or 7 it could be at any time, but, for instance, the communications 8 have to relate to the scheduling of the January 19th and 9 February 7th meetings, the subjects discussed at those 10 meetings and PUM's preparation of its Fourth Supplemental 11 Response to Interrogatory No. 1. 12 those subject matters, you're not putting a date/time frame 13 on it? 14 MR. PERLSON: That is, if it relates to Well, I think at this time, your 15 Honor, what we're seeking is communications between I guess 16 December 1st, which I guess is the date of the prior 17 interrogatory response and the changed interrogatory 18 response. 19 following Mr. Twersky's deposition. 20 Perhaps better said, communications immediately I suppose it's possible that something in those 21 communications could cause us to come back later to say that 22 we need something earlier, but, at this point, that's the 23 date. 24 2010, and then the interrogatory was changed I think 25 February 8th or 12th or something like that, and it would be I think Twersky's deposition was on December 3rd, 9 1 in between these two days. 2 THE COURT: So if I ask you to put a time frame 3 on it, it's December 1st, 2010 through February something, 4 2011? 5 6 MR. PERLSON: I'm sorry. Let me just get the exact dates of the interrogatory responses. 7 December 3rd, which would be immediately 8 following Mr. Twersky's deposition. Actually, I'm sorry. 9 December 2nd, following Konig's deposition, which apparently 10 is where this issue of the inconsistency first showed up, 11 and then their interrogatory response, which was on I 12 believe February 8th. 13 THE COURT: Okay. 14 MR. PERLSON: That's right. February 8th. 15 apologize for not having full command of the dates, your 16 I Honor. 17 THE COURT: Among the things you are looking 18 for then are all of the subjects that were discussed at the 19 January 19th and February 7th meetings? 20 are seeking all of the subjects, tell me why you need to 21 know all of the subjects. 22 MR. PERLSON: If I'm right, you Well, I guess it would be all of 23 the subjects regarding the conception and the change in 24 interrogatory response. 25 more precise because I do believe at one of these meetings I guess perhaps we should have been 10 1 there was some discussion of who should be designated for 2 the 30(b)(6) topics, and we wouldn't be interested in that. 3 THE COURT: And with respect to the preparation 4 of the Fourth Supplemental Response to Interrogatory No. 1, 5 why do you need all communications relating to the 6 preparation of that amended supplemental response? 7 MR. PERLSON: Well, because I suspect, your 8 Honor, that they would make the subject of the response -- I 9 mean the response itself is a response that changed the 10 conception date and then purports to provide an explanation 11 for that change and the communications regarding that change 12 and the story, all of which relate to the key issue, why 13 this conception date was changed, and to rebut the very 14 story that PUM seeks to tell, through that interrogatory 15 response, similar ones which include communications with 16 counsel. 17 THE COURT: But it's just communications between 18 counsel and the inventors that relate to the supplemental 19 interrogatory response. 20 communication between counsel and the inventors on that 21 topic; correct? 22 23 24 25 MR. PERLSON: That is, you are only seeking the That's right. It's the conception and the change of response in conception. And, your Honor, to the clear, to the extent that, for example, the SRI ownership issue was discussed in 11 1 reference to that, that certainly would be within play. 2 that's the general scope of what we're looking for. 3 THE COURT: 4 MR. NELSON: 5 6 Okay. But Let me hear from PUM, please. Thank you, your Honor. This is Mark Nelson speaking on behalf of PUM. While not surprisingly, we don't agree with 7 counsel's statements. And to start off where counsel for 8 Google began, this is a completely different issue. 9 issue in front of your Honor at the depositions was the The 10 meetings and why the interrogatory response was changed and 11 why Mr. Twersky changed his testimony. 12 Google took the discovery per your Honor's order 13 on that, and Mr. Twersky testified that he didn't understand 14 the legal meaning of conception. 15 told him the legal meaning of conception and, upon that 16 understanding, realized his testimony was wrong and 17 testified in the second deposition then differently. 18 He met with counsel who Because of that, there is no sword and shield 19 issue here, your Honor. 20 Honor ordered them, and the fact that they don't agree with 21 the testimony on conception or think it's changing doesn't 22 put all this other not even arguably but completely 23 privileged information at issue. 24 25 They've had the discovery that your This situation I think is somewhat analogous and maybe quite analogous to your Honor's decision in the 12 1 Joy Global case where you had a situation where there was 2 testimony elicited voluntarily in that case with respect to 3 counsel had testified and given advice that something was an 4 ERISA plan. 5 other communications surrounding that testimony between 6 counsel and the people involved in that plan, and your Honor 7 ruled that that was not a waiver situation. 8 that there was testimony elicited of attorney-client 9 communication of that general nature didn't create a waiver. 10 The movant in that case then moved for all the Here we have a similar issue. That the fact Mr. Twersky again 11 testified I didn't understand the legal meaning of conception 12 when I gave my responses in December. 13 I understand it because basically counsel told it to me, and 14 given that understanding, I'm now testifying differently. 15 I now understand it. We see no reason to open the door to what could 16 be sort of an ever expanding scope of requests for Google to 17 dig deeper and deeper and deeper into privilege. 18 Mr. Konig has been consistent. 19 never testified that conception happened earlier during 20 the period that he was at SRI, and his testimony has been 21 entirely consistent on that. 22 per your Honor's order on what happened at these meetings as 23 well. 24 25 Mr. Konig has They can take his deposition There is just simply no reason that the Court should grant the extraordinary relief that Google is seeking 13 1 here, not only going into attorney-client communications but 2 also going into work product with respect to any draft of 3 the interrogatories -- of the supplement interrogatory 4 response that were circulated. 5 that. We see no justification for 6 I think one thing counsel said in its argument 7 here is telling in respect to your question regarding what 8 they were seeking. 9 we're seeking. 10 He qualified it as: Well, at the time PUM sees this as sort of an ever expanding set 11 of arguments trying to get further and further into the 12 privileged communications between counsel and its clients 13 and who knows where else it might go. 14 simply is no justification for this. 15 Our position is there If your Honor will remember at the beginning or 16 during the Twersky deposition, PUM tried to sort of put this 17 issue to bed by offering to let Google inquire as to what 18 happened at the two meetings and with a restriction on there 19 that your Honor ultimately didn't grant, prohibiting them 20 from seeking a waiver based on that testimony, but trying to 21 get this information out there to avoid just this situation 22 where Google comes back to the Court and asks for more and 23 then comes back to the Court and asks for more again. 24 25 And I guess just to wrap up, there is no sword and shield here issue here, to the extent there ever was 14 1 one. They fully had the opportunity to explore what 2 happened in those meetings resulting in Mr. Twersky changing 3 his testimony and the supplemental interrogatory response. 4 And we think that the Joy Global case is good law and the 5 Court should adopt the same logic it adopted in that case. 6 THE COURT: 7 Mr. Perlson, is there any response? 8 MR. NELSON: 9 All right. Yes. Thank you, Mr. Nelson. Real quickly, your Honor, on a few of these points. 10 First of all, the Joy Global case is, perhaps 11 there is language. 12 to PUM. 13 waiver where the disclosing party has not interjected the 14 advice of counsel as an element of the claim in the case 15 and/or where the advice of counsel isn't interjected by the 16 party asserting it. 17 version on page 6. 18 The result in the case perhaps is useful Actually, what the case says is that there is no And this is on I guess in the Westlaw Well, that is not the case here. I mean they've 19 put this squarely at issue themselves by putting this change 20 in testimony and the explanation thereof as the reason why 21 they changed their story. 22 Mr. Konig -- or Mr. Twersky is going to get up 23 at trial and it's going to be an issue, and he is going to 24 have to come up with some sort of explanation, and it's not 25 just going to be that he was explaining what conception was 15 1 as plaintiff's counsel said. That is just half of the 2 story. 3 was the documents that was shown to him by counsel in a 4 meeting with counsel that caused him to change his testimony. What he omitted is the plaintiff also said that it 5 And Mr. Konig similarly has said that it was the 6 documents that were shown to him by counsel that have gotten 7 him to get from this August to December date to an August to 8 October date to a September 21st date. 9 And just as we were entitled to ask questions 10 about what happened in the meetings -- you know, there are 11 18 e-mails surrounding those meetings on these issues. 12 could be just as influenced by what was said in those 13 e-mails as they would have been at the meeting and they 14 likely were. 15 cutoff on that issue. 16 They And there shouldn't be some sort of arbitrary And then, finally, as to the issue of the 17 compromise on the subject matter waiver, they raised that 18 issue at the hearing before, and the relief was granted 19 anyways. 20 along in any way, but for the same reason I couldn't agree 21 to their compromise before, we can't agree to it now. 22 Because we don't know what we're going to see. 23 24 25 We have no intention of trying to string this THE COURT: Okay. Thank you. I am prepared to give you my ruling here. Having reviewed the materials submitted and 16 1 recalling the teleconference during the deposition and 2 listened to the argument today, I am going to grant in part 3 and deny in part the relief sought by Google. 4 The Court finds that there has been a limited 5 waiver of attorney-client privilege and work product 6 protection as well, and it results from the change in the 7 testimony and interrogatory responses on the important issue 8 of the date of conception regarding the invention and 9 subject in the patents in suit. As the Court held, during 10 the deposition, Google is entitled to some discovery on the 11 reasons for that changed testimony given that the contention 12 from PUM is that the testimony changed at least in part as a 13 result of the participation and input and discussion with 14 counsel and information provided by counsel to the inventors. 15 The Court reaches this conclusion without 16 accepting or rejecting Google's theory essentially of an 17 alleged conspiracy or a suggestion there was something 18 untoward in counsel's role in its interactions with the 19 inventors. 20 rejecting that theory, but the Court does find, as I have 21 said, there is a limited waiver and that Google is entitled 22 to some additional discovery to test what it has learned in 23 the depositions. The Court again is neither accepting nor 24 Specifically, the Court will permit and hereby 25 orders that PUM produce the written communications between 17 1 counsel and the inventors relating to the scheduling of the 2 January 19th and the February 7th meetings and the subjects 3 discussed at those meetings to the extent those subjects 4 relate to conception and the changed testimony or changed 5 interrogatory responses relating to the date of conception. 6 The Court is denying defendant's request to 7 further compel communications regarding PUM's preparation of 8 its Fourth Supplemental Response to Interrogatory No. 1. 9 This simply goes too far in reaching into attorney work 10 product. 11 There has been reference to the Joy Global 12 decision. 13 case with very different facts, including the distinction 14 that the issue here as to why did the witnesses change or 15 arguably change their testimony regarding the date of 16 conception is, by plaintiff's own acknowledgment, in part 17 the result of input from counsel for the plaintiff. 18 In the Court's view, that was a very different The Court would add that it is not inclined to 19 revisit this issue or allow more discovery on this topic. 20 Certainly, we hope that this additional discovery will be 21 the end of this particular dispute. 22 23 24 25 I don't want to hear any more argument but is there any question about what I have ruled, Mr. Perlson? MR. PERLSON: I just have one question. There is going to be further depositions, and to the extent that we 18 1 have testimony, as for testimony regarding communications, 2 on the subject matter that you have allowed written 3 communications, I think that we just want a clarification that 4 we would be able to get into that at the depositions as well 5 so that we don't have to talk to you further again. 6 THE COURT: Yes. Thank you. That was part of 7 your request, and I intended to make clear though I 8 understand I did not make clear. 9 So the ruling with respect to the waiver and 10 the scope of the document production that is required also 11 applies to testimony at depositions that may be forthcoming. 12 Is there anything further, Mr. Perlson? 13 MR. PERLSON: 14 THE COURT: 15 MR. NELSON: 16 I think I understand the ruling, but to the Nothing further, your Honor. Mr. Nelson? Just one thing, your Honor. 17 extent that there were drafts of the four supplemental 18 responses that were work products that were provided to the 19 inventors, my understanding of your ruling is that that 20 draft would not be included in your ruling, but I want to 21 clarify that. 22 THE COURT: Well, certainly we did not discuss 23 what to do about a communication that falls within Category 24 A and not Category C. 25 should not be within the scope of what you need to produce. Give me your argument as to why it 19 1 MR. NELSON: Well, our view is that that is 2 attorney work product, your Honor. 3 produced because there has been no showing necessary to -- 4 there has been no showing to grant such an extraordinary 5 remedy. 6 into the other areas of communications here that your Honor 7 ruled on, but my understanding of the ruling was it was not 8 including other work product. 9 justification why they would need those sorts of materials. 10 11 That would not be Your Honor has ruled that they're entitled to go THE COURT: Okay. Therefore, I don't see the Mr. Perlson, would you care to respond to that? 12 MR. PERLSON: Well, your Honor, I think that the 13 main reason why we're getting these is because they changed 14 their interrogatory response from one thing to the other, 15 and we're supposed to get communications relating to the 16 conception date and the change of the interrogatory responses. 17 If that interrogatory response changed five times, the dates 18 the drafts were sent back and forth, I think that is just as 19 relevant as any other communications. 20 We have shown a reason why we would need it. 21 Whether it's work product or attorney-client privilege, it 22 is certainly not information that we can get from any other 23 source. 24 fall with the client-privilege objections. 25 So I think that the work product objections should THE COURT: I agree with Mr. Nelson on this one. 20 1 I am drawing a line between attorney-client privilege and work 2 product, and the defendant has every iteration that has been 3 filed of the interrogatory response and can see and can show, 4 for instance, to a jury how those interrogatory responses 5 changed. 6 discovery as to communications between the attorneys and the 7 inventors relating to the meetings around the time of the 8 preparation of the supplemental interrogatory. 9 The defendant further had, and will have, additional So to the extent that drafts of the supplemental 10 interrogatory response are attached to an e-mail, for 11 instance, relating to the scheduling of the meeting, that 12 attachment need not be produced under my order today. 13 Is there anything else, Mr. Nelson? 14 MR. NELSON: 15 THE COURT: No, your Honor. All right. I want to turn briefly 16 to the pending motion by Google for leave to file an early 17 summary judgment motion relating to the ownership issues. 18 I believe that is DI 196. 19 the Court is hereby denying that motion for leave to file 20 an early summary judgment motion. 21 discretionary decision largely informed by case scheduling 22 issues and issues of judicial economy and efficiency. 23 Having reviewed that request, This is very much a At this point, the Court sees no reason to 24 depart from the schedule that it set out for dealing with 25 all case dispositive issues, and to do so all at the same 21 1 time, which under the current governing schedule will be 2 following expert discovery, which will be following the time 3 that the Court issues its Markman opinion in this case. 4 It is also the case here that the issue Google 5 wishes to brief on an early basis is the issue related to 6 the ownership rights, if any, and what impact those rights 7 would have, which is tied up at least in part with the 8 conception date issues that we have been discussing this 9 afternoon. Clearly, there is a dispute on those issues, and 10 that is an additional reason not to alter the schedule that 11 has been in place from the beginning but rather to defer the 12 issue on the merits until such time as all discovery is 13 complete and all of the case dispositive matters can be 14 taken up at the same time. 15 So for all those reasons, again, the Court is 16 denying Google's motion for leave to file an early summary 17 judgment motion. 18 Before we break, is there anything else that we 19 need to discuss Mr. Perlson? 20 Mr. Perlson? 21 MR. PERLSON: 22 THE COURT: 23 24 25 Mr. Perlson? Sorry. Are you there, No, your Honor. And Mr. Nelson, is there anything further? MR. NELSON: No, your Honor. I just wanted to alert the Court to one thing that will likely be coming and 22 1 I suspect it will be unopposed. 2 There are still some open discovery issues 3 with respect to some user account information that PUM is 4 seeking. 5 talked earlier today and were trying to work out basically a 6 stipulated agreement by which the Court would then order 7 that production for some internal Google reasons that 8 Mr. Perlson can speak to if he wants to. 9 alert the Court that that might be coming because it's My understanding is that Mr. Samay and Mr. Perlson But I just want to 10 important to us to continue to get that discovery moving and 11 then closed down. 12 So that's it. 13 THE COURT: 14 Okay. Mr. Perlson, was there anything that you wished to address at this time? 15 MR. PERLSON: 16 agreement. 17 No, your Honor. I think we're in an unopposed motion, too. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 I will be submitting and they will be submitting THE COURT: for your time. All right. Thank you all very much Good-bye. (Telephone conference ends at 3:54 p.m.) I hereby certify the foregoing is a true and accurate transcript from my stenographic notes in the proceeding. /s Brian P. Gaffigan Official Court Reporter U.S. District Court

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