Apotex Inc. et al v. Senju Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. et al

Filing 32

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Sue L. Robinson on 2/7/2013. (nmfn)

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELAWARE

APOTEX, INC. AND
APOTEX CORP.,
Plaintiffs,
v.
SENJU PHARMACEUTICAL CO.,
LTO., KYORIN PHARMACEUTICAL
CO., LTO., AND ALLERGAN, INC.,
Defendants.

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) Civ. No. 12-196-SLR
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Francis J. Murphy, Esquire of Murphy & Landon, Wilmington, Delaware. Counsel for
Plaintiffs. Of Counsel: Alan B. Clement, Esquire, Keith D. Parr, Esquire, Michael J.
Gaertner, Esquire, Scott B. Feder, Esquire, David B. Abramowitz, Esquire, and Patrick
C. Gallagher, Esquire of Locke Lord LLP.
Richard D. Kirk, Esquire, and Stephen B. Brauerman, Esquire of Bayard, P.A.,
Wilmington, DE. Counsel for Defendant Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Of Counsel:
William F. Sondericker, Esquire, Keith D. Nowak, Esquire, and Gerald W. Griffin,
Esquire of Carter, Ledyard & Milburn LLP; Derrik K. Takeuchi, Esquire of Greenberg,
Whitcombe & Takeuchi, LLP.
David E. Ross, Esquire, and Benjamin J. Schladweiler, Esquire of Seitz Ross Aronstam

& Moritz LLP, Wilmington, Delaware. Counsel for Defendant Kyorin Pharmaceutical
Co., Ltd. Of Counsel: John M. Majoras, Esquire, Kevin D. McDonald, Esquire, and
Rosanna K. McCalips, Esquire of Jones Day.
Jack B. Blumenfeld, Esquire, and Regina S.E. Murphy, Esquire of Morris, Nichols, Arsht

& Tunnell LLP, Wilmington, Delaware. Counsel for Defendant Allergan, Inc. Of
Counsel: M. Sean Royall, Esquire, Ashley E. Johnson, Esquire, and Jeffrey T. Thomas,
Esquire of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher.

MEMORANDUM OPINION
Dated: February 1 , 2013
Wilmington, Delaware

I. INTRODUCTION
This antitrust litigation arises following a series of patent lawsuits between
Apotex, Inc. and Apotex Corp. (collectively, "Apotex") and Senju Pharmaceutical Co.,
Ltd. ("Senju Pharma"), Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. ("Kyorin"), and Allergan, Inc.
("AIIergan") (collectively, "Senju") regarding aqueous liquid pharmaceutical compositions
for treating bacterial conjunctivitis. Allergan is the holder of two approved New Drug
Applications ("NDAs") that cover a 0.3% ophthalmic solution of gatifloxacin, sold under
the trade name Zymar®, and a 0.5% ophthalmic solution of gatifloxacin, sold under the
trade name Zymaxid®. (D. I. 1 at 1Mf 21-22, 39, 45) 1 Senju Pharma, Kyorin, and
Allergan are the owners or licensees of U.S. Patent Nos. 6,333,045 ("the '045 patent")
and 5,880,283 ("the '283 patent"), which are listed in the United States Food and Drug
Administration's ("FDA's") publication titled "Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic
Equivalence Evaluations" (known as the "Orange Book") for Zymar® and Zymaxid®. 2
(/d. at 1Mf 29, 46) After Apotex filed Abbreviated New Drug Applications ("ANDAs") for

generic 0.3% and 0.5% ophthalmic solutions of gatifloxacin, Senju initiated several
patent actions against Apotex in this court asserting infringement of the '045 patent
and/or the '283 patent- Civ. Nos. 07-779,11-1171, and 12-159 (collectively, "the
related proceedings"). As will be discussed in more detail infra, the related proceedings
are currently at various stages of litigation.

1

Unless otherwise noted, a citation to a docket item refers to a docket item in the
instant case.
2

The Orange Book must list "each drug which has been approved for safety and
effectiveness through an NDA." See 21 U.S.C. § 355U)(A)(ii).

On February 16, 2012, Apotex filed the instant action against Senju alleging
antitrust violations under the Sherman Act. (D.I. 1) Apotex asserts that Senju used the
related proceedings and other alleged anticompetitive conduct to unlawfully delay and
frustrate Apotex's entry into the market for gatifloxacin ophthalmic solutions, thereby
denying consumers access to its low-cost generic gatifloxacin ophthalmic product. (!d.
at 1f1f59, 72, 74-75, 79-80, 95-96, 112-13, 129-30) Presently before the court are
various motions: Senju's motion to stay the case pending resolution of the related
proceedings (D.I. 17); Senju Pharma and Kyorin's motion to dismiss for failure to state a
claim 3 (D.I. 11 ); and Allergan's motion to dismiss based upon failure to allege antitrust
injury. 4 (D. I. 14) The court has jurisdiction over this matter pursuant to 28 U.S.C.

§ 1331, 28 U.S.C. § 1337(a), and 15 U.S.C. § 15.
II. BACKGROUND
A. The Parties

Apotex, Inc. is a corporation organized under the laws of Canada, with a place of
business in Ontario, Canada. (D.I. 1 at 1f1) Apotex Corp. is a Delaware corporation
with a place of business in Florida. (!d. at 1f2) Senju Pharma and Kyorin are
corporations organized under the laws of Japan with principal places of business in
Japan. (ld. at 1f1f3-4) Allergan is a Delaware corporation with a principal place of

3

AIIergan has joined Senju Pharma and Kyorin's motion to dismiss in part. (D.I.
15 at 1 n.1)
4

Senju Pharma and Kyorin have joined in Allergan's motion to dismiss. (D. I. 12
at 3 n.2)

2

business in California. (!d. at ,-r,-r 5, 7) Because the instant action arises from a history
of litigation between the parties in this court, a brief summary will help frame the issues.

B. The Development of 0.3% Gatifloxacin Ophthalmic Solution
Apotex characterizes gatifloxacin as a quinolone antibiotic that was first patented
in 1990 by Kyorin researchers in U.S. Patent No. 4,980,470 ("the '470 patent"). (!d. at ,-r
10) The '470 patent, which expired in 2010, claims the gatifloxacin molecule and
teaches that gatifloxacin can be formulated in various dosage forms, including as eye
drops. In 1997, Kyorin entered into a license agreement with Senju Pharma that, inter
alia, required any patent filed by Senju Pharma in gatifloxacin ophthalmic formulations
to be jointly assigned to Kyorin and Senju Pharma. (!d. at ,-r 13) In 2001, Senju Pharma
obtained the '045 patent claiming aqueous liquid ophthalmic formulations comprising
gatifloxacin and disodium edetate and methods for preparing these formulations; the
patent was assigned to Kyorin and Senju Pharma. (!d. at ,-r,-r 15-16, 18)
Senju Pharma and Kyorin licensed to Allergan the right to practice the '045
patent and to market aqueous liquid gatifloxacin ophthalmic products in the United
States. (Jd. at ,-r 20) In 2002, Allergan filed NDA No. 21-493 for a 0.3% gatifloxacin
ophthalmic solution (Zymar®), and the FDA approved it in 2003. 5 (/d. at ,-r,-r 21-22)
Domestic sales for Zymar® allegedly reached approximately $100 million by 2009. (!d.
at,-r24)

C. The 07-779 Action

5

The '470, '283 and '045 patents are listed in the Orange Book in connection with
Zymar®. (D. I. 1 at ,-r 29)
3

On July 18, 2007, Apotex filed ANDA No. 79-084 seeking FDA approval for a
generic 0.3% gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution ("generic 0.3% product"). 6 (/d. at~ 30)
Pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 3550)(2)(8), Apotex notified Senju that it had submitted the
ANDA with a Paragraph IV certification alleging that the '283 and '045 patents are
invalid and/or will not be infringed by the generic 0.3% product_? (/d. at~ 32) In
response, Senju initiated Civ. No. 07-779 ("the 07-779 action") against Apotex in this
court, alleging infringement of the '283 and '045 patents. (/d.

at~

33)

Senju eventually dismissed its claims related to the '283 patent and, following a
bench trial, the court found claims 1-3 and 6-9 of the '045 patent invalid as obvious.
Senju Pharm. Co. v. Apotex Co., 717 F. Supp. 2d 404, 433 (D. Del. 201 0). After

reopening the judgment on claim 7 and reviewing additional evidence, the court issued
a final judgment confirming the invalidity of claim 7. Senju Ph arm. Co. v. Apotex Co.,
836 F. Supp. 2d 196, 201-11 (D. Del. 2011 ). On October 5, 2012, the Federal Circuit
affirmed the court's decision. Senju Pharm. Co. v. Apotex, Inc., 485 F. App'x 433 (Fed.
Cir. 2012).
D. Reexamination of the '045 Patent
On February 25, 2011, before final judgment was entered by this court in the 07779 action, Senju Pharma and Kyorin filed an ex parte request for reexamination of
claims 1-3, 6, 8, and 9 of the '045 patent with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
("PTO"). (D.I. 1 at~ 56) As part of the request, portions of the record from the 07-779

6

Apotex also filed a Paragraph Ill certification, certifying that it would not market
its generic 0.3% product until the '470 patent expired. (D.I. 1 at~ 31) Apotex received
tentative approval of ANDA No. 79-084 on June 12, 2009. (/d. at~ 38)
7

See 21 U.S.C. § 355U)(2)(A)(vii)(IV).

4

action that were favorable to the patent owners' position were provided, but other
information unfavorable to patentability was allegedly withheld or misrepresented. (/d.
at 1J1J 57-63) A reexamination certificate was issued for the '045 patent on October 25,
2011, cancelling claims 1-3 and 8-11, amending claim 6, and adding new claims 12-16.
(/d. at 1J 69)

E. The 11-1171 Action
On November 28, 2011, Senju filed a second lawsuit, Civ. No. 11-1171 ("the 111171 action"), against Apotex alleging that the same generic 0.3% product accused of
infringement in the 07-779 action infringes the reexamined '045 patent. (/d. at 1J 77)
The 11-1171 action was dismissed by this court on grounds of claim preclusion, or res
judicata. Senju Pharm. Co. v. Apotex Inc., Civ. No. 11-1171, 2012 WL 4062325, at *6
(D. Del. Sept. 17, 2012). The dismissal is currently on appeal at the Federal Circuit.
(Civ. No. 11-1171, D.l. 24)

F. The 12-159 Action
During the pendency of the 07-779 action, Allergan filed NDA No. 22-548 and
received FDA approval for a 0.5% gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution (Zymaxid®). 8 (D. I.
1 at 1J1J 39, 45) According to Apotex, Zymaxid® is substantially similar to Zymar®except that the concentration of gatifloxacin is 0.5% instead of 0.3%- and "does not
possess any clinical or therapeutic benefit or superiority in comparison to Zymar®." (/d.
at 1J1J 40, 47-49)

8

The '283 and '045 patents are listed in the Orange Book in connection with
Zymaxid®. (D. I. 1 at 1J 46)

5

Apotex subsequently filed ANOA No. 203-523 for a generic 0.5% ophthalmic
solution of gatifloxacin ("generic 0.5% product"). 9 (Civ. No. 12-159, 0.1. 1 at~ 33)
Pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 3550)(2)(8), Apotex notified Senju in a letter dated January 13,
2012 that it had submitted the ANOA with a Paragraph IV certification. (Civ. No. 12159, 0.1. 1 at~ 34) In response, on February 10, 2012, Senju filed Civ. No. 12-159 ("the
12-159 action") against Apotex, alleging that the generic 0.5% product infringes the '045
and '283 patents. (Civ. No. 12-159, 0.1. 1) The court recently granted in part and
denied in part a motion to dismiss and to strike Apotex's invalidity and inequitable
conduct defenses in that case. (Civ. No. 12-159, 0.1. 44)

G. The Instant Litigation
In the instant litigation, Apotex claims that Senju unlawfully delayed Apotex's
entry into the market for gatifloxacin ophthalmic solutions, fraudulently obtained
reexamination of the '045 patent, and filed the NOA for Zymaxid® in order "to exclude
further competition" and to execute a "product switching strategy to deny patients
access to Apotex's low cost generic [0.3% product]." (0.1. 1 at W 41-42, 75, 79-80) In
this regard, the complaint focuses on four categories of alleged anticompetitive conduct
by Senju: (1) "sham" litigation regarding the filing of the 07-779 action and post-trial

9

Aithough the 12-159 action is not mentioned in the complaint, it is pending
before this court, and Apotex and Senju both addressed it in their briefing on the motion
to stay.
6

conduct in that case; 10 (2) sham litigation regarding the filing of the 11-1171 action; 11 (3)
fraud on the PTO to obtain reexamination of the '045 patent; and (4) an anticompetitive
product-switching scheme. (ld.

at~~

33-80) Under the alleged product-switching

scheme, Allergan stopped marketing Zymar® and began marketing Zymaxid®,
encouraging physicians to switch their prescriptions for gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution
from Zymar® to Zymaxid®. (ld.

at~~

46, 73-75) Apotex alleges that, "[d]uring the delay

resulting from Allergan's anticompetitive conduct, Allergan's efforts were successful in
effectively removing Zymar® from the market. The intended and actual effect of this
conduct was to deny consumer access to a low-cost generic gatifloxacin ophthlamic
solution product." (ld.

at~

75)

Apotex brings three claims for relief: (1) monopolization in violation of section 2
of the Sherman Act; (2) conspiracy to monopolize in violation of section 2 of the
Sherman Act; and (3) unreasonable restraint of trade in violation of section 1 of the
Sherman Act. In each of those claims, Apotex alleges that, "[a]s a result of [Senju's]
anticompetitive conduct, consumers have been deprived of a low-cost generic
gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution product. ... Apotex has been further damaged and will
not be able to enjoy the benefits ... that it would otherwise have enjoyed but for
[Senju's] unlawful conduct." (Id.

at~~

95-96, 112-13, 129-30)

Ill. STANDARD OF REVIEW

10

Specifically, Apotex alleges Senju brought the 07-779 action with knowledge
that the asserted claims were invalid or not infringed and later filed a baseless motion
for new trial in an effort to buy time to switch Zymar® sales to Zymaxid®. (D.I. 1 at~~
33-37, 50-55)
11

Specifically, Apotex alleges that Senju initiated the 11-1171 action despite
knowledge that it was barred.

7

Motions to stay invoke the broad discretionary powers of the court. See Dentsply
lnt'l, Inc. v. Kerr Mfg. Co., 734 F. Supp. 656, 658 (D. Del. 1990) (citing Bechtel Corp. v.
Laborers' lnt'l Union, 544 F.2d 1207, 1215 (3d Cir. 1976)); see also Monsanto Co. v.
Syngenta Seeds, Inc., Civ. No. 04-305, 2006 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 84963, at *3 (D. Del.
Nov. 8, 2006) (citing In re lnnotron Diagnostics, 800 F.2d 1077, 1085 (Fed. Cir. 1986)).
Three general factors inform the court in this regard:
(1) whether the granting of a stay would cause the non-moving party to
suffer undue prejudice from any delay or allow the moving party to gain a
clear tactical advantage over the non-moving party; (2) whether a stay will
simplify the issues for trial; and (3) whether discovery is complete and a
trial date set.
Enhanced Security Research, LLC v. Cisco Sys., Inc., Civ. No. 09-571, 2010 WL
2573925, at *3 (D. Del. June 25, 201 0) (citing St. Clair Intellectual Prop. Consultants v.
Sony Corp., Civ. No. 01-557, 2003 WL 25283239, at *1 (D. Del. Jan. 30, 2003)).
IV. DISCUSSION
Senju urges the court to stay the antitrust litigation pending the outcome of all of
the related proceedings "in order to avoid duplication of work, conserve judicial
resources, and save costs and expenses of the parties." 12 (D.I. 18 at 1) Apotex
counters by arguing that such an indefinite stay would be prejudicial to its position,
would not lead to judicial efficiency, and would permit Senju to further exploit its
anticompetitive advantage. (D.I. 24 at 1)

12

ln the alternative, Senju urges the court to stay the case pending only the
outcome of the appeal in the 07-779 action. (D.I. 28 at 1) The Federal Circuit affirmed
this court's decision in the 07-779 action on October 5, 2012, shortly after briefing on
the motion to stay was completed. Therefore, Senju's request to stay pending the
resolution of the 07-779 action is moot.

8

The court has stayed antitrust litigation where there was a possibility that the
resolution of underlying patent claims could moot, narrow, or otherwise simplify the
antitrust claims. See, e.g., Masimo Corp. v. Philips Elecs. N. Am. Corp., Civ. No. 09-80,
2010 WL 925864, at *3 (D. Del. Mar. 11, 201 0) (staying discovery of antitrust
counterclaims pending trial on patent issues); Eurand Inc. v. My/an Pharm. Inc., Civ. No.
08-889, 2009 WL 3172197, at *2 (D. Del. Oct. 1, 2009) (staying discovery on antitrust
counterclaims because those claims "may be rendered moot by resolution of the patent
infringement issues"); Monsanto, 2006 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 84963, at *3-4 (staying an
antitrust case pending resolution of the underlying patent claims on appeal because
there was "at least a minimal overlap between the patent case and the antitrust case;
therefore, the outcome of the patent appeal necessarily w[ould] affect the complexion of
the antitrust case to some extent"); accord Mitsubishi Heavy Indus. Ltd. v. Gen. Elec.
Co., 720 F. Supp. 2d 1061, 1069 (W.O. Ark. 2010) ("Because the decisions in [pending]
actions could render this [antitrust] case moot or narrow the issues considerably, this
Court's discretion is best exercised in granting a stay.").
A stay on antitrust claims may potentially simplify the issues in various ways. For
example, if a patent holder ultimately prevails on any of its infringement claims, it would
have a legal entitlement to exclude a competitor from the marketplace. See Dentsply

lnt'l, Inc. v. New Tech. Co., Civ. No. 96-272, 1996 WL 756766, at *3 (D. Del. Dec. 19,
1996) ("[W]here a patent has been lawfully acquired, subsequent conduct permissible
under the patent laws cannot trigger any liability under the antitrust laws." (alteration in
original) (internal quotation marks omitted)). The "resulting capacity to provide [a party]
with a defense to ... antitrust []claims turns, at least in part, on the scope of [the
9

underlying patents]," which can be determined by resolving related patent litigation.
Masimo, 2010 WL 925864, at *4. In addition, the outcome of an underlying lawsuit can
shed light on allegations of sham litigation - that litigation was "a mere sham to cover
what is actually nothing more than an attempt to interfere directly with the business
relationships of a competitor." Eastern R.R. Presidents Conference v. Noerr Motor
Freight, Inc., 365 U.S. 127, 144 (1961). Proving sham litigation requires an antitrust
claimant to first show that a lawsuit is "objectively baseless" and then show that the
litigant's "subjective motivation" was to try to use the litigation process as an
"anticompetitive weapon" to interfere with a competitor's business. Professional Real
Estate Investors v. Columbia Pictures Indus., Inc., 508 U.S. 49, 60-61 (1993) (quoting
City of Columbia v. Omni Outdoor Adver., Inc., 499 U.S. 365, 380 (1991 )) (internal
quotation marks omitted). "A winning lawsuit is by definition a reasonable effort at
petitioning for redress and therefore not a sham." /d. at 60 n.5. On the other hand, a
losing lawsuit does not necessarily mean that the litigation was a sham because "a
party may have an entirely reasonable ground for bringing suit." /d. (internal quotation
marks omitted). As the 07-779 action has been resolved on appeal, the court turns to
whether the instant litigation should be stayed pending resolution of the 11-1171 action
and/or the 12-159 action. For the reasons below, the court will grant the motion to stay
pending resolution of the appeal in the 11-1171 action.
A. Resolution of the Appeal in the 11-1171 Action
With respect to the 11-1171 action, an affirmance of the court's dismissal on res
judicata grounds would prevent Senju from prevailing on any of its infringement claims
against Apotex regarding the generic 0.3% product. In other words, such an outcome
10

would shed light on the scope of the reexamined '045 patent and Senju's right to
exclude Apotex from the market at any specific time. 13 An affirmance may further clarify
Apotex's burden of demonstrating that the 11-1171 action was a sham litigation by
suggesting whether a plaintiff could have realistically expected success on the merits.
On the other hand, a reversal by the Federal Circuit could also shed light on the
antitrust allegations because a determination that the action was not legally barred by
res judicata would render moot any assertion that Senju brought the action knowing it
was barred.
The court is concerned that staying Apotex's antitrust claims will '"likely devolve
into a series of time-consuming and expensive discovery disputes as to whether
particular discovery is directed at the patent or antitrust claims."' Masimo, 2010 WL
925864, at *3 (quoting Dentsply, 1996 WL 756766, at *6). Nevertheless, "the court is
cognizant of the need to prevent the parties from conducting discovery that will
ultimately prove unnecessary." /d. Because resolution of the appeal in the 11-1171
action could eliminate or narrow some of the antitrust claims and prevent unnecessary
expenditure of time and resources, the court finds that simplifying issues for trial favors
a stay pending the appeal in the 11-1171 action. See id. at *4-5.
In addition, the procedural posture of the instant litigation also favors a stay;
there has not yet been any discovery, scheduling conference, or filing of an answer.

13

Senju has already lost on its claims in the 07-779 action that the generic 0.3%
product infringes the original '045 patent. The reexamined '045 patent, which issued on
October 25, 2011, is at issue in the 11-1171 action. Although the reexamined patent's
potential to exclude Apotex from the market is narrower than a valid '045 patent would
have been, the outcome of the appeal may nonetheless clarify any remaining questions
regarding Senju's right to exclude Apotex's generic 0.3% product from the market.
11

See Cephalon, Inc. v. Sandoz Inc., Civ. No. 10-123,2011 WL 1750446, at *2 (noting

that a stay is disfavored where "discovery is complete and a trial date set").
Furthermore, the court is not persuaded by Apotex's argument that it would be unduly
prejudiced by any delay because of fading recollections or vanishing witnesses. 14
Apotex has not proffered any plausible reason why such concerns would be especially
relevant in the instant case. 15 Accordingly, the court grants the motion to stay pending
resolution of the appeal in the 11-1171 action. 16

B. Resolution of the 12-159 Action
Senju goes further, urging the court to stay the case pending the resolution of the
12-159 as well. The 12-159 action, however, does not have the same potential that the
07-779 action had, or that the appeal in the 11-1171 action has, to eliminate or narrow
antitrust allegations. The infringement claims in the 12-159 action involve the generic
0.5% product, whereas Apotex's antitrust allegations focus on anticompetitive conduct
directed at preventing entry of the generic 0.3% product. The potential for the 12-159

14

Apotex cites to Texaco, Inc. v. Borda, 383 F.2d 607, 609-10 (3d Cir. 1967), in
which the Third Circuit found that a district court abused its discretion in staying a
private antitrust action pending resolution of a related criminal antitrust action.
However, the facts of Texaco are distinguishable. The Court in that case found that a
stay was inappropriate insofar as it prevented a 71-year-old individual from being
deposed regarding an alleged conspiracy that took place 11 years prior; in all other
respects, the Court found that the stay was not an abuse of discretion. /d.
15

1n addition, the court declines to draw an inference that the motion to stay
seeks an inappropriate tactical advantage for Senju. It was filed soon after
commencement of the litigation (before filing an answer), and Senju has a legitimate
concern to minimize the potential burdens and expenses of complex antitrust litigation.
16

The court declines, at this time, to grant the stay pending the ultimate resolution
of the 11-1171 action on the merits should the Federal Circuit allow the case to
proceed.
12

action to simplify the antitrust litigation is instead likely limited to any overlap of the
inequitable conduct defense in the 12-159 action with the antitrust allegations based on
reexamination fraud. Apotex's inequitable conduct counterclaims and affirmative
defenses in the 12-159 action, however, have been dismissed without prejudice. (Civ.
No. 12-159, 0.1. 44) Moreover, given the infancy of the 12-159 action, the delay that
would result from a stay pending the resolution of that action is indefinite, at least
relative to a pending appeal. Therefore, while the court, in its discretion, finds that a
stay pending the outcome of appeal in the 11-1171 action is warranted, a stay pending
the resolution of all of the related proceedings is not warranted at this time.

V. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the court grants Senju's motion to stay pending the
appeal in the 11-1171 action. The pending motions to dismiss (0.1. 11; 0.1. 14) are
denied without prejudice to renew. An appropriate order shall issue.

13