Halpert v. Zhang et al

Filing 66

MEMORANDUM. Signed by Judge Sue L. Robinson on 6/6/2014. (nmfn)

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELAWARE

)
)
)
Plaintiffs,
)
)
v.
)
)
STEVE ZHANG, JIAN DING, LIBIN
)
SUN, SEAN SHAO, YUNGANG LU,
)
)
DAVIN A. MACKENZIE, THOMAS J.
)
MANNING, SUNING TIAN, XIWEI
)
HUANG, and GUOXIANG LIU,
)
Defendants,
)
)
and
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ASIAINFO-LINKAGE, INC., a Delaware )
Corporation,
)
)
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Nominal Defendant.
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PHILIP HALPERT, derivatively on
behalf of ASIAINFO-LINKAGE, INC,

Civ. No. 12-1339-SLR

MEMORANDUM
At Wilmington this loth day of June, 2014, having reviewed plaintiff Philip
Halpert's ("Halpert") motion for judgment on the pleadings (D. I. 34) and the papers filed
in connection therewith, the court issues its decision based on the reasoning that
follows:
1. Background. Halpert, as a shareholder, initiated this action derivatively on
behalf of Asialnfo-Linkage, Inc. ("Asialnfo"), a Delaware corporation that sells
telecommunications software and information technology, on October 16, 2012. (D.I. 1

at

,m 9-10, 33)

Halpert alleges demand futility, a breach of fiduciary duty, waste of

corporate assets, and unjust enrichment. Defendants include the members of Asialnfo's
board of directors ("Board") and three of Asialnfo's executives. (/d. at 1J1J37, 45, 51, 56)
Asialnfo's Board has nine members, defendants Jian Ding (''Ding"), Xiwei Huang
("Huang"), Yungang Lu ("Lu"), Davin A. Mackenzie ("Mackenzie"), Thomas J. Manning
("Manning"), Sean Shao ("Shao"), Libin Sun ("Sun"), Suning Tian ("Tian"), and Steve
Zhang ("Zhang"). (/d. at 1J1J11-19) Zhang is the President and CEO of Asialnfo, Sun is
the Executive Co-Chairman, and defendant Guoxiang Liu ("Liu") is the Executive Vice
President (collectively with the Board, "defendants"). (/d. at 1J1J11, 13, 20)
2. On February 19, 2011, the Board adopted the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan ("the
Plan"), which "authorizes the [c]ompany to grant restricted stock awards, stock options,
and other types of equity awards to the [c]ompany's executive officers, directors, and
other employees." (/d. at 1J22) The shareholders approved the Plan on April 21, 2011.
(/d.) Grants under the Plan are determined by the compensation committee. (/d. at 1J

23) At the relevant time, directors Ding, Mackenzie, Tian, and Shao were on the
compensation committee. (/d. at 1J21)
3. On December 6, 2011, the compensation committee granted 750,000 stock
options to Zhang and 110,000 stock options to Liu, ostensibly under the Plan. (/d. at 1J
24) Halpert alleges that these actions directly contradicted Section 4.2 of the Plan,
which states that "no individual may be granted within any one fiscal year of [Asialnfo]
one or more [a]wards intended to qualify as Performance-Based Compensation which in
the aggregate are for more than (a) 100,000 shares ... [or] up to 200,000 shares ... to

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newly hired or newly promoted individuals .... " (/d.

at~

26) The Plan defines

performance-based compensation as that which satisfies § 162(m) of the Internal
Revenue Code ("IRC"), which generally disallows a tax deduction to public companies
for compensation in excess of $1 million, but carves out an exception for performancebased compensation. (/d.

at~

28) Furthermore, the 2012 Proxy Statement states that

"[a]wards issued under [Asialnfo's] stock incentive plans (including stock options ... )
have been structured so that any taxable compensation derived ... should not be
subject to ... deductibility limitations" under§ 162(m) of the IRC. (/d.; D.l. 35, ex. B;
D.l. 45, ex. D) Halpert avers that the grants to Zhang and Liu exceeded the Board's
authority and harmed Asialnfo and its shareholders. (D.I. 1 at~~ 30, 32)
4. Defendants' motion to dismiss (D.I. 10) was denied on August 7, 2013. (D.I.
21) Defendants Ding, Huang, Lu, Mackenzie, Manning, Shao, Sun, and Tian answered
Halpert's complaint on September 5, 2013 (D .I. 26), and later submitted an amended
answer. (D. I. 31) Nominal defendant Asialnfo answered Halpert's complaint on
September 19, 2013 (D. I. 27), and defendants Zhang and Liu answered on September
26, 2013. (D. I. 30) Currently before the court is Halpert's motion for judgment on the
pleadings pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(c). (D. I. 34)
5. Standard. When deciding a Rule 12(c) motion for judgment on the pleadings,
a district court must view the facts and inferences to be drawn from the pleadings in the
light most favorable to the non-moving party. Green v. Fund Asset Mgmt., L.P., 245
F.3d 214, 220 (3d Cir. 2001); Janney Montgomery Scott, Inc. v. Shepard Niles, Inc., 11
F.3d 399, 406 (3d Cir. 1993). The motion can be granted only if no relief could be
afforded under any set of facts that could be provided. Turbe v. Gov't of the Virgin

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Islands, 938 F.2d 427, 428 (3d Cir. 1991); see also Southmark Prime Plus, L.P. v.
Falzone, 776 F. Supp. 888, 891 (D. Del. 1991 ); Cardia-Medical Associates, Ltd. v.
Grazer-Chester Medical Ctr., 536 F. Supp. 1065, 1072 (E. D. Pa. 1982) ("If a complaint
contains even the most basic of allegations that, when read with great liberality, could
justify plaintiff's claim for relief, motions for judgment on the pleadings should be
denied."). However, the court need not adopt conclusory allegations or statements of
law. In re General Motors Class EStock Buyout Sec. Litig., 694 F. Supp. 1119, 1125
(D. Del. 1988). Judgment on the pleadings will only be granted if it is clearly established
that no material issue of fact remains to be resolved and that the movant is entitled to
judgment as a matter of law. Jablonski v. Pan Am. World Airways, Inc., 863 F.2d 289,
290 (3d Cir. 1988).
6. Discussion. Halpert alleges that in granting Zhang and Liu each more than
100,000 shares of stock options in December 2011, the Board exceeded an
unambiguous limitation on its authority under the Plan. (D.I. 1 at 3, 25-26, 30, 38; D.l. 35,
ex. A) Halpert argues that since Section 4.2 of the Plan is clear and unambiguous, its
plain meaning should be enforced. (D. I. 35 at 5-7) Moreover, Halpert cites the 2012
Proxy Statement as a clear indication that the Board intended the 2011 stock options to
Zhang and Liu to qualify as performance-based compensation under the Plan. (/d. at 7)
7. "Defendants do not dispute that the annual ceiling on performance-based stock
options per individual is 100,000 shares." (D.I. 20 at 9) However, defendants deny
Halpert's core contentions that the December 2011 stock options granted to Zhang and
Liu were intended to qualify as performance-based compensation (D. I. 30 at 1{1{28-29;
D.l. 31 at 1{1{28-29) and that the stock options were in excess of the Plan. (D.I. 30 at

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1l1l

30, 38; D.l. 31 at 1J1J30, 38) Also, defendants deny Halpert's interpretation of the 2012
Proxy Statement. (D.I. 30 at 1J1J28; D.l. 31 at 1J1J28; D.l. 45 at 10) As such, the central
issue is not whether Section 4.2 of the Plan is unambiguous, but rather whether the stock
options granted to Zhang and Liu were "intended to qualify as Performance-Based
Compensation" and thus subject to the express limitation in Section 4.2 of the Plan. (D.I.
35, ex. A)
8. In denying defendants' motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim (D. I. 20;
D.l. 21), the court accepted all well-pleaded factual allegations in the complaint as true,
and viewed them in the light most favorable to Halpert. See Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S.
89, 94 (2007); Christopher v. Harbury, 536 U.S. 403, 406 (2002); Phillips v. Cnty. of
Allegheny, 515 F.3d 224, 231 (3d Cir. 2008). In determining Halpert's motion for
judgment on the pleadings, the court must now draw all reasonable inferences in favor of
defendants. See Turbe, 938 F.2d at 428. Defendants' denials, discussed above, must
be accepted as true and demonstrate that a material issue of fact remains to be resolved.
See Rainierv. Rispoli, Civ. No. 10-498-GMS, 2012 WL 752371, at *2 (D. Del. Mar. 6,
2012); Sanders v. Wang, Civ. No. 16640, 1999 WL 1044880 at *10 (Del. Ch. Nov. 8,
1999) (The court granted plaintiffs' partial judgment on the pleadings in the form of a
constructive trust for shares granted in excess of the shareholder-approved plan;
however, the court "dr[ew] no conclusion whether these acts were breaches of the duty of
care or duty of loyalty or whether they resulted from negligent or grossly negligent
conduct.").

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9. Conclusion. For the foregoing reasons, Halpert's motion for judgment on the
pleadings is denied. An appropriate order shall issue.

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