PBM Capital Investments, LLC v. Lalonde
Filing
23
MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 7/9/13. (hnw) [Transferred from Virginia Western on 7/10/2013.]
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Pl i if
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M EM O R AND U M O PI IO N
N
M I A EL G .LA LON DE,
CH
By:Ho Gln E.Conr d
n. e
a
Chi fU nied St t sD i t i tJ
e
t
a e sr c udge
Def nda .
e nt
PBM Ca tll sme s LLC (i 'fldt saci a i tMiha G. l
pia nvet nt,
t
PBM' ie hi ton gans c el Laonde
)
(1 l ' ,a s tngcli frfaud e i e nta s c ii fa PBM alge t t
i onde' seri ams o r ulnt nduc me nd e urtes rud.
La
)
le s ha
La onde m a f s r pr e a i nsa
l
de al e e es nt to bouta m e c de c t the cl i e t ha c e t d t t e t
di al vi e ha
a m d o ve r a e o r a
se p a a whih c us d PBM t i s ove $3, 000. i oa lm ied la lt c
l e pne , c a e
o nve t r 000, 00 nt i t ibiiy ompa
ny
(i 't ti fr dwihLaonde. Reyi o pr sonsi t LLC Ag e me ,Lal has
û
LLC' ha t ome t l
)
l ng n ovii n he
r e nt onde
move t dimist c
d o s s he ompl ntf i pr perve a f f iur t sae ac am or i t
ai or m o
nue nd or a l e o t t l i , n he
a t r tve, o t a f rven t t U nie St t D it i tCo tf t D i ti tofD e awa e For
le na i t r ns e
ue o he t d a es s rc ur or he sr c
l r.
t r as ns t f l t co twilgr ntt m oton t tans e ve
he e o hat olow, he ur l a he
i o r f r nue. The m o i n t d s i s
to o im s
f ri pr rve wilbe de e asm oot a t c tw il e r i f om r i on t m oto t
o m ope nue l
ni d
, nd he our l r f a n r
ulng
he
in o
dim i f faiur t s at a cl m .
s ss or l e o t e ai
Backeround
PBM i aD el w a e LLC bas d i Cha l t vil ,V ig ni The com pa w a f
s
a r
e n
rotes le r i a.
ny s onne f r
d o
t pur e ofa quii s c ii s a i tng i i
he pos
c rng e urte nd nves i n nnova i t c
tve e hnol e . PBM ' f under
ogi s
So
,
pr i nt a c efe cutve ofi e i Pa M a ng.
es de , nd hi xe i
tc r s ul nni
I Sept berof2010,Lal
n
em
onde,ar dentofGeor a,ûs i t M anni s i t entf
esi
gi solcied
ng' nves m
or
t pur
he pose ofcom m er alzi Lal
ci i ng onde' pr ot ofw hathe cl m ed w ast s ales , f l
s ot ype
ai
he m l t uly
f to lando rtonal( ii ar yprsur (1 '1me c lde ce'orte tng
uncina,
peai postve iwa e s e $PAP' dia vi 'f r ai
)
i vi l wih o tuci se pa . (
ndi duas t bsr tve le pnea Compl! 1 ) Baedo Laonde' rprs ntto
. 2. s n l
s e e e ains
r ga di t spur t br a hr h i see a a t c
e r ng hi
pored e kt oug n l p pne e hnol
ogy,PBM a ee t bec e a
gr d o om
me rofDehu M e ca,
mbe
s m di lLLC,fkaZe La ,LLC to es l. PBM e erdi oa
ll phyr bs
l hum'
nt e nt n
LLC Agee ntf t opeai ofDehum (he' Agre nf'a uli tl i se ove
r me or he rton
s
t I
LLC e me ) nd tmaey nvetd r
$3, 000. i o t c me cilz ton ofLa o ' see a a s tm .
000, 00 nt he om r a ia i
l nde s l p pne yse
l t i t ntac i PBM a l ge t ta t ren e i i t t LLC A gr e e a m a ng
n he ns a
ton,
le s ha fe t rng n o he
e m nt nd ki
isi s m e ,PBM di c
t nve t nt
s over d t tLa onde' r pr s n a i r r ng t pe f
e ha l
s e e e t tons ega di he r onna e and
nc
f tona iy oft s e p a a s t m w e e f l e PBM f t ra l gest tt
unc i lt
he l e pne ys e
r as .
urhe le
ha he
m i r pr e a i w e e kno i y a i e i naly m adeby La onde, nd t tPBM r le upon
s e es nt tons r
w ngl nd nt nto l
l
a ha
e id
t m i r pr e a i nsi f r i D e hum ,pur ha i D e hum s lrte ,a i s i m ilons
he s e es nt to n o m ng s
c s ng s
ecz ii s nd nve tng li
ofdola si o t s e p a
l r nt he l e pnea s t m . PBM a s t c a m s f r c m o 1 w f a e
ys e
s ers l i o om n a r udul nt
i e e a s a ut r s urte f a
ndue m nt nd t t o y ec ii s r ud.
La onde hasm oved t di m i s t co pl i tor i t a t m a i ,t t a f rve t t
l
o s s he m a n , n he le tve o r ns e nue o he
Unie St t s D i ti tCour f t D i ti tofD e a r . Them oton i pr m i e on c r a n
t d a e s rc
t or he sr c
l wa e
i s e sd
e ti
pr sonsoft LLC Agr eme ,whi h wass
ovii
he
e nt
c
ubmil d asa e bi t Lal
te
n xhi t o onde' moton.
s i
Sec i n 1 03 oft LLC A gr e e co a nsbo h a c c of1 w c a e a a f m
t o 4.
he
e m nt nt i
t hoi e a l us nd onz
s l ton cl e. The s ton pr de ,i pe tne pa t a f l s
e ec i aus
ec i
ovi s n r i nt r , s olow :
G o r nc Law sSubm i s on t J r s i to .W a ve s Thi A gr e e a t
ve ni
'
s i o u i d c i n' i r .
s e m nt nd he
rght oft pa te he e
i s he ri s r unde s l be i e pr t i a co da e wih t l w s of
r ha l nt r e ed n c r nc t he a
t St t ofD e a a e, ihoutgi ng e f c t a c lc of1 w pr nc pl s Ea h
he a e
lw r w t
vi f e t o ny onfi t a i i e . c
oft M e r a e t i a diput i no r ol by t pa te ,i s lbe
he mbe s gr es hat f ny s e s t es ved he ris t hal
r ol d onl i t f der lors a e c ' oft St e ofD e a a e s ti i N e
es ve
y n he e a
t t oul s he at
t
l w r itng n w
CateCount a t a laec ursha ngj iditonofappe si s hc t
sl
y nd he ppelt o t vi urs ci
al n uc ours
(ole tvel t t o rCours'. l t tco e ,a wihoutlmii t
c lci y,he t pe
pr
t' n ha ntxt nd t
l
i tng he
ge r lt oft f e ng,e h oft M e be sir
ne a iy he or goi ac
he m r r evoc bl a unc tonaly
a y nd ondii l
()s t f is fa ispr ryi a a tonrltngt t doc nt
a ubmis or tel nd t ope t n ny ci eai o he ume
delve edpurua t t sAgr e e orf r cog ton a e or eme ofa
i r
s nt o hi
e m nt or e nii nd nf c nt ny
j g n i rs c hee f t t ee cu iej rs ito o
ud me t n epe t ro ,o h x lsv u idcin f
t Pr pe Co t a a e t ta1 c a m si r pe tofa s h ac i n s lbe
he o r urs nd gr es ha 1 l i n es c
ny uc to hal
hea d a de e m i d i s h c ti t St t ofDe a a e t t e ent nnit
r nd t r ne n uc our n he a e
l w r , o he xt pe ted
byl i s hf erlco t gnd)( c e st ta s hacinma a s l
aw,n uc ed a ur;a b) ons nt ha ny uc to y nd hal
bebr
oughti s hc t a wave anyo j ci t tima now o t r fe
n uc ours nd i s
b e ton ha t y
r heeatr
ha t t v orj iditonofa s h a toni a s hc 'o t ts h
ve o he enue urs ci
ny uc ci n ny uc oul r ha uc
t
ac i n w asbr
to
oughti a i nve e c r a ag ee nott pl d orc a m t
n n nco ni nt ou t nd r s
o ea
l i he
Sarne ....
( Agr me j1 03.
LLC ee nt 4. )
The LLC A gr e e a s c ai a m e ge cl us a a no r i e cl us Se ton
e m nt l o ont ns
r r a e nd
n-elanc a e. c i
1 06pr dest tdgl sAg e me ,ogehe wihalExhi t heeo,a a ResrcedUni
4. ovi ha ithi r e ntt t r t l
bis rt nd ny tit
t
A g e m e s c a nst e i e unde s a ng a ong t pa tesa s pe s desa pr o a
r e nt , ont i he ntr
r t ndi m
he r i nd u r e
ny i r nd
c n e o a e usu d rtn i sa da r e n sb t e t e rs e tn tes b e t te
o tmp rn o n e sa dng n g e me t ewe n h m e p cig h u j c matr
hee ' (d.j1 06. Se ton 1 02( pr dest te chme rr e e sa warnt t t
rof' l 4. ) ci 3. 9 ovi ha a
mbe eprs nt nd ra s ha
d tha r le onl o t i o m a i n s tf r h he e n i de e m i ng t a qui e Unis....'
i s e i d y n he nf r to e o t r i n t r ni o c r
i
t
'
(d.j1 02( ) TheAgre ntdefne d t' ûa ownerhi i e eti t Compa
l 3. 9,
e me
i s t 'as dn
uni
s p ntr s n he
ny,
i udi a 1oft r ght a oblga i i c
ncl ng 1 he i s nd i tons n onne ton t r w ih unde t sAgr em e . .. (4
c i he e t
r hi
e nt . ' 1.
'
j 101)
. .
Bas o t f egoi s ci nsoft LLC Ag e m e t Lal
ed n he or ng e to
he
r e n , ondea g st tve uei t s
r ue ha n n hi
dit i i i pr
s rd s m opera t tt eo pl i tf ist s a e a d a m upon whi h r lefo n be g a e
nd ha he m a n a l o t t
i
c ei a
r nt d.
Thecou t l ahea i on Lal
r he d
rng
onde' m otonsc M a 2, 3. The m a t rha be f l br e e
s i m y 201
te s en uly i f d
and i ri f r ew .
s pe or evi
pic so
s us i n
The t z hol i s r i e by Lal
h es d s ue a s d
onde i w h he t W eser D it i tofVi gi a i a
s et r he
t n s rc
r ni s
pr
opervenue f t s acton. Rel ng on t f um sel i cl
or hi i
yi
he or
ecton ause cont ned i t LLC
ai
n he
Agr ent Lal
eem , onde arguest t cas s d be di m i ed ort fer t t D it i of
hat he e houl
s ss
rans red o he s rct
3
Dea r PBM oppos st m o i a gui t iscli sf l outi t s ope oft f um
lwa e.
e he ton, r ng hat t am al sde he c
he or
sel i cl e.
ecton aus
The e or ea lt ofa f r m s e ton c a e i f de alc ti a m a t rgove ne by
nf c biiy
o u el c i l us n e r our s
te
r d
fde a lw. Stwa tOr ,nc v.RiohCom.487U. 22,32( 988 ;Al ma l Cor v.
e rla
e r g.l . c
,
S.
1 ) be re p.
Asrze c UK Lt ,6 F. 643,650(t Ci. 0) Unde fdea lw,af m s lci
ta ne a
d. 28 3d
4h r 201 .
r e rl a
onz ee ton
cl us i t i a f i va i a s d be e or ed unl s e or m e i s w n by t r s s i
a e s t m ac e ld nd houl
pr
nf c
e s nf ce nt s ho
he e itng
pa t t be û ea o bl unde t cic sa
ry o
unr s na e'
r he r um t nces' The Br l n v.Za a Of - r Co. 407
.'
ehe
pat f sho e ,
U. 1,9(972) A f um s l tonclus ma bec i rdunr s na ei:
S.
1 . or eeci a e y onsdee ea o bl f
( )kt)f mai wasi
1 is or ton
nduce byfa o overac ng;( t c ai ngpa t
d rud r re hi 2) he ompl ni ry
d ilf a 1 a tc pur e be de i d ofhi d y i c t bec us oft g a
t l or 1 pr c i al pos s
w
pr ve
s a n our ' a e he r ve
'
i on ninc orunf r s oft s e tdf um;()t f me alt ar s
nc ve e e
aine s he elce or 3 he unda nt mfines
oft chos nlw mayde i t plitf ofar dy; ( (tle oreme
he e a
prve he anif
eme or 4) is nf c nt
w oul cont avene a s r publc polcy oft f um s at
d
r
t ong
i
i
he or
t e.
Ale v.Ll sofLondon,94F. 9 9 ( h Ci.1 )( i TheBrme 408U. at
ln
oyd'
3d 23, 28 4t r 996 quotng
e n,
S.
1 .
8)
l t sca e,PBM doesnotco e t tt a f r i t c e t Del w a e woul
n hi s
nt nd ha r ns e rng he as o a r
d
c r ne publc polc o d prve t c pa ofis d y i c t an a opra e r m e
ontave
i
i y, r e i he om ny t a n our or
ppr i t e dy.
Li w i e, he e i no a l ga i off a i t i e e oft f r m s l to c a e is l .
ke s t r s
le ton r ud n he nduc m nt he o u e ec i n l us t e f
W hie PBM cl i st tt LLC A g e m e a a whol wast pr
l
a m ha he
r e nt s
e
he oduc of La onde' f s
t
l
s al e
r pr s nt tons ge r lcl m s offa s h a t e co a ned i t c pl i ,t nots fc
e e e a i , ne a ai
r ud, uc s hos nt i
n he om a nt û
do
uf i e
t i ldaeavai fr s e tonca e. W oncv. ryGa ngLt ,589F. 821 828( h
o nvai t
ld oum elci lus '
'
Pat mi d.
3d , 6t
Ci.2009 ;s eas Sc k v. bet cul rCo.41 U. 5 51 n.4( 974)( fa
r
) e lo hgr Al ro- ve , 7 S. 06, 9 1 1
The r ud
e e i i The Br m e ç s notm e t ta tm e a di put a i i outofa ta a ton i
xc pton n
e n t
doe
an ha ny i
s e rs ng
r ns c i s
ba e upona alegain o fa ...heca ei unenf c abl Rahe ,ime nst tgj...
sd
n l to f rud t lus s
ore e. t r t a ha a
f r - el ton c a e i a c r c i une or e bl i t i l i o t tcl us i t co r c
o um s ec i l us n ont a t s nf c a e f he nc uson f ha a e n he nt a t
4
wa tep o u to fa do c eco ' (mp a i i o ii a) l t ea e c o a y ohe
s h r d c f ru r o rin.) e h ss n rgn l. n h bs n e f n t r
'
a g e ast t valdiy oft f um s e ton c a e, he c tc l st tt c a e i
r um nt o he i t
he or
el c i l us t our onc ude ha he l us s
r s
ea onabl a e or ea e
e nd nf c bl .
H a ng r c t s de s on,t cou tm us now de e m i whe he t c a e a i s t
vi ea hed hi ci i he r
t
t r ne
t r he l us pple o
t c ai sas e td i t i t ntc s Se e :. Robi o v.La Fu niur LLC,995 F.
he l m
s re n he ns a a e. e, . ,
ns n
dd r t e.
2d
1 1 U. App.
064, 993 S.
LEXI 1 2, t*1 (t Ci.1 (iti note
S 425 a 2 4h r 993) $1 s noughsmpl t de i t t
i y o cde ha
t scl us i e o c a e i t a t a t w e m us a s de e m i whe he i i e or ea e aga ns
hi a e s nf r e bl n he bs r c '
,
t l o t r ne
t r t s nf c bl
i t
t epatc a cai .'. I ma ngt sd e nai t co tl ûot lng geoft
hes riulr l ms' n ki hi etnui ton,he ur ooks s he a ua
)
t
he
pa te c rcg)t deemi whihc us ofa tonaeg r dbyt fnz s lcton
ris' onta t o tr ne c a es ci r ove ne
he o m ee i
ca eg15 M ai c nc Shipi Lt v.Se ta 1 F. 21 222( t Ci.1 . lgl
lus .
' rne ha e p ng, d. basiq, 43 3d 6, 5h r 998) dlf
t s t eofghepl ntf s cli ,srppe o t i lbes doesno f lwihi t sopeof
he ubsanc t ai if ) ams ti d f her a l,
t al t n he c
t clus Jt ca e 1c
he a eg ,he lus l annota y. Robyv. )p ofLl s 996F. 1 1 ( Ci,
ppl '
'
C(r . oyd',
2d 353, 361 2d r
1 .
993)
H er t pori oft LLC A gr enti diput pr desasf l s:
e, he ton he
eem
n s e ovi
olow
Thi A gr e e a t r g soft pa te her unde s l be i e pr t d i
s e m nt nd he i ht
he ri s e
r ha l nt r e e n
a or nce w ih t l w s oft St t ofDel w a e w ihou gi ng ef e tt a
cc da
t he a
he a e
a z , t t vi
f c o ny
c l c s ofl w prnc pl s Eac oft M e be sa e st ti a di put i not
onti t
a
i i e.
h he m r gr e ha f ny s e s
r s ve by t pa te ,i s l be r s ve onl i t f er lor s a e cou t oft
e ol d
he r i s t ha l e ol d y n he ed a
tt
r s he
St t ofDel w a e sti i N e Casl Co t a t a la e c t ha ng
ae
a r itng n w
te un y nd he ppe l t our s vi
j rs ito o a pe l i s c c u t (o lciey teI o e Cou s'.
u idcin f p as n u h o rs c le tv l ,h t p r t1 '
pr
l
( Ag e men j1 03. Forhi pa tLao eague t tt f um slci ca ea is
LLC r e t 4. )
s r, lnd r s ha he or ee ton lus pple
br dl t a di put bet e n t pari . l r s ns ,PBM a guest tt cl us i lm ie by
oa y o ny s e w e he tes n e po e
r
ha he a e s i t d
t c c of1w pr so c ane i t frtlneofj1 03a t ,ha ii onl ti rd
he hoie a oviin onti d n he is i
4. nd,hus t t t s y rggee
when ac tmus i e r tt LLC Agr e e o t pa te 'rght t emde .
our
t nt p e he
e m nt r he ris i s her l r
U li a e y,t c tfndsi un c s r t r ol t s di p e. Eve as um i t t
tm t l he our i t ne es a y o es ve hi s ut
n s ng ha
PBM ' na r r a ng oft f m s l to c a e i co r t t c tc l st tis c a m s
S r ow e di
he onz e ec i n l us s r ec , he our onc ude ha t l i
off a
r udul n i
e t nduce en a s c ii f a f l w ihi t s ope oft e a e.
m t nd e urtes r ud a l t n he c
he l us
By sg ng t LLC Agr e e ,PBM ex es l si aed t ti ha C e id onl on t
i ni he
e m nt
pr sy tpult ha t d k le
r
y
he
i or to stf t (nt Ag e menl'n a quii a o rhi i ees i t LLC, ndt t
nf main e orh i he r e t'i c rng n wne s p ntr t n he
a ha
t Agre ntc ai d khee ieunde sa nga
he e me ont ne % ntr
t
rtndi mongt pate . ( Agre ntjj
he ris' LLC e me
'
1 02()& 1 06 . Nowihsa ngt s pr viins PBM now cams i ea hofiscou s t t
3. i 4. ) t t tndi he e o so ,
li ,n c t nt,ha
i r le on f l e r pr s nt t o ,whi h w e enotco a ned i t LLC A g e m e ,i m a ng is
t ei d
a s e e e a i ns
c
r
nt i
n he
r e nt n ki t
de i i n t e eri t t LLC A gr e e a pur ha e D e h s c ii s A se de e by t r
c s o o nt n o he
e m nt nd c s s um e urt e .
vi nc d hei
bre son t m oto t di m i sf f iu e t s a e a c a m , he pa te s p l di ag e ast
if
he
i n o s s or a l r o t t l i t
r i s ha y s r e o
whe he t m e ge a non- ela pr vi i oft LLC A gr e e pr c ud PBM f om
t r he r r nd
r i nce o s ons he
e m nt e l e
r
e t bls ng t e s ntale e e sofisf a cl i s Com pa e RA A M gm t.LLC v. vaz
s a i hi he s e i l m nt
t r ud a m .
r
.
Sa e
SporsHol ngs l ,45A.d 1 11 ( . 2)( di unde Dea r lw,ha a
t di .nc.
3 07, 9 Del201 hol ng, r lwae a t t
pli ifsfa camsweebardbyano rla edicame ca ei t pa te 'a r e nt,
antf rud li
r re
n-einc sli r lus n he ris g e me )
wih FS Phot I v. pis e sonl , F.
t
o. n vs curvii nc.61 Supp. 473, ( D. 1
2d
48l E. Va. 999)( di t r
hol ng,mde
-
Vigi alw,ha ac r t ldicli rofrla edi notpr l acam offa i seas
r ni a t t ontacua s ame einc d
ecude li
rudl* e lo
AESCor v.Dv uvPowe Cor ,325F. 1 4,1 ( Ci. 03 ( lni t hol t ta
p.
ne
r p.
3d 7 81 3d r 20 ) deci ng o d ha
non-e i nce cl us w ila w a pr vi i m uniy fom f de a s urte f a la lt but
r la
a e l l ys o de m
t r e r l ec ii s r ud i biiy,
e pha i i t tc s s i vi a no r la e cl us i a ne i e conta be wee
m
s z ng ha a e nvol ng
n- e i nc a e n
gotat d
r ct t n
s p itc tdp rist l o tnbea p o raec n i ae f rr s lto a t s mmayj dg n
o h siae a t i l fe
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