Robinson v. Colvin

Filing 16

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Sue L. Robinson on 10/5/2015. (nmfn)

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELAWARE
KAREN ROBINSON,
Plaintiff,

v.

)
)
)
)

)

Civ. No. 14-662-SLR

)
CAROLYN W. COLVIN,
)
Acting Commissioner of Social Security,)
)
Defendant.
)
)

Sommer L. Ross, Esquire, of Duane Morris, L.L.P., Wilmington, Delaware. Of Counsel:
Eddy Pierre Pierre, Esquire, of the Law Offices of Harry J. Binder and Charles E.
Binder, P.C., New York, New York. Counsel for Plaintiff.
Charles M. Oberly Ill, United States Attorney, Wilmington, Delaware and Patricia A.
Stewart, Special Assistant United States Attorney, Office of the General Counsel Social
Security Administration. Of Counsel: Nora Koch, Esquire, Acting Regional Chief
Counsel, Region Ill of the Office of the General Counsel Social Security Administration,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Counsel for Defendant.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Dated: October f:) , 2015
Wilmington, Delaware

I. INTRODUCTION
Karen Robinson ("plaintiff') appeals from a decision of Carolyn W. Colvin, Acting
Commissioner of Social Security ("defendant"), denying her application for Disability
Insurance Benefits ("DIB") and Supplemental Security Income ("SSI") under Titles II and
XVI, respectively, of the Social Security Act (the "Act") prior to August 1, 2012., 42
U.S.C. §§ 401-434, 1381-1383f. The court has jurisdiction pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §
405(g). 1
Currently before the court are the parties' cross-motions for summary judgment.
(D.I. 9, 13) For the reasons set forth below, plaintiff's motion will be denied and
defendant's motion will be granted.
II. BACKGROUND
A. Procedural History
Plaintiff filed an application for DIB and SSI on April 3, 2009, alleging disability
beginning on January 25, 2009. 2 (D.I. 7-2 at 51-52) Plaintiff's claim was initially denied
on January 8, 2010, and after reconsideration on March 9, 2010. (D.I. 7-5 at 2-6, 10-14)
On April 1, 2011, after a hearing on December 10, 2010, the ALJ issued an unfavorable
decision, finding plaintiff was not disabled under the Act for the relevant time period
from June 2, 2008 to April 1, 2011. (D.I. 7-4 at 4-17) Plaintiff then filed a request for

1

Under§ 405(g), [a]ny individual, after any final decision of the Commissioner of Social
Security made after a hearing to which he was a party ... may obtain a review of such
decision by a civil action commenced within sixty days after the mailing to him of notice
of such decision. . .. Such action shall be brought in the district court of the United
States for the judicial district in which the plaintiff resides .... 42 U.S.C. § 405(g).
2

Plaintiff amended her alleged onset date at the first hearing with Administrative Law
Judge ("ALJ") Judith Showalter on December 20, 2010. (D.I. 7-2 at 52)

Appeals Council review as well as a new application for SSI and SSD. (Id. at 24-25)
The Appeals Council granted plaintiff's request, remanded the matter back to the ALJ,
and consolidated the new applications. (Id.) The ALJ held a second hearing on April 9,
2013. (D.I. 7-2 at 92-124) On June 24, 2013, the ALJ issued a partially unfavorable
decision, finding plaintiff was not disabled before August 1, 2012 because she could
perform a limited range of sedentary work. Plaintiff became disabled on this date. (Id.
at 38) After an unsuccessful appeal to the Appeals Council, plaintiff appealed to this
court for review of the June 24, 2013, decision. (Id. at 2)
B. Medical History
1. Health history prior to relevant period
Plaintiff was born in 1963 and was 45 years old on her alleged onset date. (D.I.
7-2 at 58) She is considered a younger individual under 20 C.F.R. 404.1563(c).
Plaintiff completed high school and has an Associate's degree in secretarial science.
(Id. at 59) She has had an above-the-knee amputation on her right leg since infancy
that she does not claim is disabling. (Id. at 56) Previous motor vehicle accidents have
caused plaintiff injuries, requiring surgery on her cervical spine in both 2003 and 2005.
(Id. at 65-67)
2. Health history during the relevant time period
On January 25, 2009, plaintiff's alleged onset date, plaintiff fell and injured her
back and left shoulder, aggravating her previous spinal injuries. (D.I. 7-10 at 10) As a
result, plaintiff visited St. Francis emergency room the next day and was treated for a

2

neck strain. 3 (Id.) On March 25, 2009, plaintiff's diagnoses remained cervical disc
disease and rotator cuff syndrome, but she reported adequate pain management as a
result of the prescribed medications. (Id.)
On May 6, 2009, plaintiff reported an acute onset of lower back pain which
radiated down the left leg. (Id. at 7) A subsequent MRI done on May 11, 2009,
revealed mild degenerative change, disc bulges most prominent at L3-4 and L4-5, and
moderate central spinal stenosis and foramen narrowing at L3-4. (Id. at 2) The MRI did
not reveal any disc herniation. (Id.) On June 2, 2009, spine specialist James Downing,
M.D. ("Dr. Downing") examined plaintiff. (Id. at 25) He noted reduced motion in the
cervical spine and an equivocal straight leg-raising test. (Id. at 26) Dr. Downing
recommended "involving the patient in a brief course of physical therapy." (Id.) On a
follow-up visit with plaintiff's primary care physician on June 6, 2009, plaintiff reported
some days of pain, being able to tolerate sitting and standing for twenty to thirty minutes
at a time, and being able to lift five to ten pounds. (Id. at 5) Plaintiff then returned to Dr.
Downing on June 9 and June 23, 2009, and received injections in the L3-4 and L4-5
facet joints. Plaintiff reported a greater than fifty percent improvement following said
procedures and was again referred to physical therapy. (Id. at 23-24)

3

Plaintiff was prescribed Vicodin, Flexeril, and OxyContin. Vicodin is used to relieve
moderate to severe pain. See http://drugs.com/vicodin.html (last visited Sept. 16,
2015). Flexeril is a muscle relaxant used together with rest and physical therapy to treat
skeletal muscle conditions. See http://drugs.com/flexeril.html (last visited Sept. 16,
2015). OxyContin is used to treat moderate to severe pain that is expected to last for
an extended period of time. See http://drugs.com/oxycontin.html (last visited Sept. 16,
2015).

3

On July 9, 2009, plaintiff began to see Nel Serafimova, M.D. ("Dr. Serafimova"),
as her primary care physician. (Id. at 441 ). Dr. Serafimova wrote a letter stating plaintiff
would need three months of disability due to low back and neck pain. (Id.) Plaintiff
decided to apply for disability benefits and requested that Dr. Serafimova author a letter
stating that plaintiff had been unable to work for the past year due to her neck and back
pain. (Id. at 46) Dr. Serafimova informed plaintiff there was "no objective evaluation on
chart about physical restrictions" and he could not make such a statement. 4 (Id.)
Plaintiff returned to St. Francis on August 12, 2009, and reported initial
improvement but her pain had returned. (Id. at 50) Plaintiff stated she was unable to
continue her course of treatment with physical therapy and injections because she
lacked insurance; Dr. Serafimova renewed her prescriptions for OxyContin and Flexeril.

(Id.) Plaintiff saw Dr. Serafimova again on October 15, 2009, stating her condition and
pain had not improved. (Id. at 47) Dr. Serafimova referred plaintiff to chiropractic care
and pain management specialists for her lower back and neck pain. (Id.)
Plaintiff underwent a second MRI on November 21, 2009, which showed mild to
moderate stenosis of the spinal canal in the cervical region, evidence of the previous
fusion from C3 through C6, mild degenerative changes at C3-4 and C6-7, focal areas of
myelomalacia at C3-4 and C5-6, and no evidence of a herniated disc. (Id. at 33-34)
Two days later, plaintiff saw Kennedy Yalamanchili, M.D. ("Dr. Yalamanchili"), the
surgeon who previously operated on her spine in 2003. (Id. at 85) Dr. Yalamanchili
noted plaintiff had good movement in her arms and leg, and her reflexes were intact and

4

Dr. Serafimova noted plaintiff became "very upset" over the phone, shouting he was
"insensitive to her pain." (D.I. 7-10 at 46)

4

symmetric. (Id.) Dr. Yalamanchili reviewed plaintiff's MRI results and considered her "a
good candidate to exhaust conservative measures." (Id.) Dr. Yalamanchili considered
plaintiff's dose of narcotics "tremendous" and recommended further assessment by a
pain center and interventional pain management such as cervical and lumbar steroid
injections. (Id.)
On December 17, 2009, plaintiff visited Bruce H. Grossinger, D.O. ("Dr.
Grossinger"), and reported low back pain that radiated into her legs and feet, especially
the left. (D.I. 7-11 at 19) Dr. Grossinger noted "lumbar spasm with loss of lordosis,
grade 4/5 weakness of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius, and diminished Achilles
reflexes." (Id.) Dr. Grossinger provided plaintiff with lumbar epidural injections and
recommended continued injections and physical therapy. (Id.)
On December 23, 2009, a state agency physician, V.K. Kataria, M.D. ("Dr.
Kataria"), reviewed plaintiff's medical records and evidence and opined plaintiff could
perform sedentary work. (Id. at 59) Dr. Kataria found plaintiff could stand or walk up to
two hours in an eight hour day, sit up to six total hours in an eight hour day, could
occasionally stoop, kneel, or crouch, but could not climb any ladder, rope, or scaffold,
could frequently lift or carry up to ten pounds, and should avoid concentrated exposure
to vibrations and all exposure to hazards such as machinery and heights. (Id. at 59-65)
A second state agency physician, Anne C. Aldrige, M.D. ("Dr. Aldrige"), reported no new
impairments or limitations for plaintiff and affirmed Dr. Kataria's findings and opinions in
a report dated March 3, 2010. (D.I. 7-13 at 40) On January 6, 2010, Frederick Kurz,
Ph.D. ("Dr. Kurz"), evaluated plaintiff's mental health at the request of the agency. (D.I.

5

7-11 at 68) Dr. Kurz reported plaintiff's cognitive skills were intact, there was no
evidence of a mood, thought, personality, or attention disorder affecting her
performance, and plaintiff did not meet the criteria for a DSM-IV diagnosis. (Id. at 6970) On January 8, 2010, Christopher King, Psy.D., reviewed the record and opined
there was no evidence of any mental symptoms besides a brief mentioning of stress,
and plaintiff did not have a medically determinable mental impairment. (D.I. 7-12 at 212) On March 9, 2010, Carlene Tucker-Okine, Ph.D., affirmed these findings. (D.I. 713 at 40)
EMG studies Dr. Grossinger performed on January 19 and February 2, 2010,
revealed moderate left C6 and S1 radiculopathy. (Id. at 4, 14) Plaintiff received
epidural injections from January through May 2010. (Id. at 17-37, D.I. 7-15 at 46) Dr.
Grossinger documented on May 6, 2010, that plaintiff experienced eighty percent
improvement from her second set of cervical facet injections. (D.I. 7-17 at 56) Plaintiff
also reported temporary relief and feeling a little stronger with physical therapy. (D.I. 714 at 50, 52) In a letter dated March 18, 2010, Dr. Grossinger stated that, due to
plaintiff's fall in January 2009, she aggravated her previous conditions and developed
new conditions such as lumbar radiculopathy, numbness, and lumbar facet syndrome.
(D.I. 7-15 at 43) Dr. Grossinger further stated that, despite narcotic medications,
physical therapy, and steroid injections, plaintiff "has not experienced any relief to her
condition." (Id.) Dr. Grossinger thus concluded that plaintiff was "unfit for gainful
employment." (/d.)

6

On June 1, 2010, Dr. Grossinger completed a Spinal Impairment Questionnaire
and indicated plaintiff had limitations inconsistent with the ability to work. (Id. at 33-39)
Dr. Grossinger noted plaintiff's diagnoses of left S1 and C6 radiculopathy, shoulder
tenosynovitis, numbness/paresthesia, cervical facet syndrome, and left shoulder strain.
(Id.) Dr. Grossinger opined: plaintiff could sit for three to four hours, stand/walk up to

one hour in an eight hour day, would have to get up and move around every forty-five
minutes four to five times a day for approximately ten minutes at a time, could
occasionally lift up to five pounds, could not push, pull, kneel, or stoop, was likely to
miss work more than three times a month, would constantly experience pain or other
symptoms severe enough to interfere with her attention and concentration, and had
depression that caused psychological limitations and contributed to the severity of her
symptoms and functional limitations. (Id.) In a subsequent office note dated June 8,
2010, Dr. Grossinger opined plaintiff was "permanently totally disabled from gainful
employment." (D.I. 7-17 at 54)
On November 30, 2010, plaintiff returned to Dr. Grossinger for continued neck
pain with radiation to the left shoulder and he referred her to Delaware Pain
Management for additional physical therapy. (D.I. 7-15 at 58) On January 11, 2011, Dr.
Grossinger performed an EMG study which revealed evidence of denervation in the left
supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, as well as moderate left suprascapular
neuropathy. (D.I. 7-17 at 22) On February 10, 2011, physical therapy discharged
plaintiff after twelve sessions for having reached her maximum benefit. (D.I. 7-19 at 43)
Dr. Grossinger continued to treat plaintiff with injections to provide her pain relief. (Id. at

7

63, 65) Radiofrequency of the cervical spine provided plaintiff with 100% relief of her
symptoms for three weeks but she complained the pain eventually returned. (D.I. 7-17
at 39-40)
On May 25, 2011, plaintiff first consulted Allen Silberman, Ph.D. ("Dr.
Silberman"), and complained of depression since the January 2009 fall. (D.I. 7-19 at
58) Dr. Silberman opined depression and anxiety were apparent through plaintiff's
depressed mood, flat affect, and tearful demeanor. (Id. at 59) He also reported plaintiff
was emotionally self-punitive and isolated, slept excessively, and had a decreased
appetite. Dr. Silberman diagnosed plaintiff with an adjustment order mixed with anxiety
and depression and recommended psychotherapy. (Id.) A few months later on
September 21, 2011, Dr. Silberman completed a Psychiatric/Psychological Impairment
Questionnaire. (Id. at 50-57) He confirmed the diagnosis of adjustment disorder with
anxiety and depression and reported plaintiff's primary symptoms were anxiety,
depression, attention and concentration difficulties, irritability, restlessness, mood
swings, episodic short-term memory problems, and chronic pain. (Id. at 52) Plaintiff's
GAF was 51-60. 5 (Id.) Dr. Silberman also stated that, as plaintiff's physical symptoms
improve, so too will her level of emotional functioning. (Id. at 50)

5

The GAF scale ranges from 0 to 100 and is used by a clinician to indicate his overall
judgment of a person's psychological, social, and occupational functioning on a scale
devised by the American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association,
Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Text Revision, 4th ed. 2000) (DSMIV-TR). A GAF of 31-40 indicates "[s]ome impairment in reality testing or
communication (e.g., speech is at times illogical, obscure, or irrelevant) OR major
impairment in several areas, such as work or school, family relations, judgment,
thinking, or mood (e.g., depressed man avoids friends, neglects family, and is unable to
work ... )." A GAF of 41-50 indicates "[s]erious symptoms (e.g .. suicidal ideation,

8

Plaintiff returned to see Dr. Silberman on December 14, 2011. (Id. at 67) Her
mood and affect improved but she was visibly worried about the outcome of her Social
Security decision. (Id.) She was motivated to work but felt overwhelmed by feelings of
helplessness and hopelessness. (Id.) Dr. Silberman stated plaintiff was making an
effort to overcome her physical and emotional difficulties, but was having "severe
difficulties" with this process. (Id.) He opined it was unlikely plaintiff could function in a
competitive work environment in the foreseeable future. (Id.)
3. Health history after the relevant time period 6
In April 2012, plaintiff had corrective surgery on her left shoulder. (D.I. 7-2 at
113-14) As a result, any pain that she once had in this shoulder was resolved. (Id.)

severe obsessional rituals, frequent shoplifting) OR any serious impairment in social,
occupational, or school functioning (e.g., no friends, unable to keep a job)." A GAF of
51-60 indicates "[m]oderate symptoms (e.g., flat affect and circumstantial speech,
occasional panic attacks) OR moderate difficulty in social, occupational, or school
functioning (e.g. few friends, conflicts with peers or co-workers)." Id. A GAF of 61-70
indicates "[s]ome mild symptoms (e.g. depressed mood and mild insomnia) OR some
difficulty in social, occupational, or school functioning ... , but generally functioning
pretty well, has some meaningful interpersonal relationships." Id.
6

Medical evidence after the relevant time period may be relevant to show a previous
disability. See e.g., Smith v. Bowen, 849 F.2d 1222, 1225 (9th Cir. 1988) ("medical
evaluations made after the expiration of a claimant's insured status are relevant to an
evaluation of the pre-expiration condition"); Wooldridge v. Secretary of HHS, 816 F.2d
157, 160 (4th Cir. 1987) ("medical evaluations made two years subsequent to expiration
of insured status are not automatically barred from consideration and may be relevant to
prove a previous disability"); Basinger v. Heckler, 725 F.2d 1166, 1169 (8th Cir. 1984)
("medical evidence of a claimant's condition subsequent to the expiration of the
claimant's insured status is relevant evidence because it may bear upon the severity of
the claimant's condition before the expiration of his or her insured status"); Dousewicz v.
Harris, 646 F.2d 771, 774 (2d Cir. 1981) (a diagnosis even several years after the actual
onset of the impairment is entitled to significant weight); Stark v. Weinberger, 497 F .2d
1092, 1097 (7th Cir. 1974) (same).

9

Plaintiff fell again in August 2012 and herniated a disc in her neck, broke her right arm,
and worsened her back pain. (Id. at 100) As a result of this fall, the pain in plaintiff's
neck and back became constant. (D.I. 7-23 at 4) Plaintiff then underwent a course of
treatment consisting of injections and physical therapy. (Id.) Her doctor warned,
however, that if those continued to be unsuccessful, then surgery was her next option.

(Id.) Plaintiff also continued to manage her pain with prescription medication. (D.I. 7-2
at 102)
On December 12, 2012, plaintiff underwent another EMG study. (D.I. 7-21 at 16)
Results showed moderately severe, chronic, multi-level, right-sided cervical
radiculopathies from C6 through CS. (Id.) On December 13, 2012, plaintiff had a spinal
cord stimulator implanted and two leads were done bilaterally at the top of T6 spanning
across T7. (D.I. 7-22 at 4) Plaintiff informed her doctors she did not notice any
significant benefit, which she attributed to the dramatic worsening of her cervical
radiculopathy and, thus, overall failed the spinal cord stimulator trial. (Id.)
Throughout this period, plaintiff continued to see Dr. Silberman for psychiatric
treatment. On January 1, 2013, Dr. Silberman completed a second Psychiatric
Impairment Questionnaire. (D.I. 7-21 at 18) Dr. Silberman opined that plaintiff had
major depressive disorder and this diagnosis had changed because of the current
severity of her symptoms. (Id.) He also stated that plaintiff's primary symptoms were
feelings of helplessness and hopelessness, problems with attention and concertation,
mood changes, and crying. (Id. at 20) Dr. Silberman opined that plaintiff's mental

10

activity was markedly limited, which effectively precludes the individual from performing
activity in a meaningful manner. (Id.)

C. Administrative Hearing
1. Plaintiff's testimony
Administrative hearings were held on December 10, 2010, and April 9, 2013.
Plaintiff appeared, represented by counsel. (D.I. 7-2 at 51, 94) Plaintiff was born on
September 4, 1963, and was forty-seven and forty-nine at the time of the hearings,
respectively. (Id.) She is not married, does not have children, and lives alone. (Id. at
59) Plaintiff does her own cooking, laundry, light house cleaning, shopping, driving
short distances, and can conduct her personal hygiene routine. (Id. at 79) She typically
sleeps eight hours during any given night barring any pain. (Id. at 78)
Plaintiff has not worked since 2008. (Id. at 62) From 1985 to 2000, plaintiff
worked for Ace American Insurance as an underwriting assistant, conducting office
work. (Id. at 61-62) She then worked for UPS from 2001 to 2008, also doing clerical
and administrative work. (Id. at 60) While working at UPS, plaintiff spent most of the
day sitting, using a computer and telephone, and the heaviest thing she had to lift was a
ream of paper. (Id.) Plaintiff received unemployment benefits in 2008 and 2009 after
she was "relieved" of her job at UPS. (Id. at 62-63) At the time of the hearings, plaintiff
was enrolled in online courses to receive her bachelor's degree in business
administration. (Id. at 59) She did not take a full course load but, rather, one course a
semester. (Id. at 64)

11

Plaintiff testified that pain in her neck, back, and shoulder impeded her life. (Id.
at 65-66) In 2003 and 2005, plaintiff had cervical surgeries after being involved in motor
vehicle accidents. (Id. at 65-66) While the first surgery in 2003 was successful, the
surgery performed in 2005 did not help alleviate plaintiff's pain. (Id.) After losing her job
in 2008, plaintiff stopped getting injections in her neck and was simply prescribed pain
medication. (Id. at 67) By the time of the first hearing, plaintiff had once again resumed
receiving pain injections for treatment. (Id. at 67-68)
Plaintiff testified that the pain in her neck, back, and shoulder "comes and goes"
and she experienced pain roughly four days out of seven in any given week. (Id. at 68,
70, 72) She had not had any surgeries to correct the pain in her left shoulder and back.
(Id. at 71-72) Plaintiff continued to receive injections in both her neck and back as well
as participating in physical therapy. (Id.) Plaintiff testified that the pain in her neck and
back, on a scale of one to ten, was a "seven or eight with medication, but a ten without
medication." (Id. at 69, 73) Plaintiff also testified that the pain in her neck and back had
not improved with treatment since her fall in 2009. (Id. at 69-70, 73)
To help the pain, plaintiff wore a back brace, used a TENS unit, and used both
heat and ice packs. (Id. at 75) Also to help the pain, she took Methadone7 , Diclofenac8 ,
Vistaril 9 , and Vicodin. (Id. at 68) As a result of these medications, she stated she

7

Methadone is used to treat moderate to severe pain that is not relieved by other pain
medicines. See http://drugs.com/methadone.html (last visited Sept. 16, 2015).
8 Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat mild to moderate
pain, or signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. See
http://drugs.com/diclofenac.html (last visited Sept. 16, 2015).
9 Vistaril reduces activity in the central nervous system and is used as a sedative to
treat anxiety and tension. See http://drugs.com/vistaril.html (last visited Sept. 16, 2015).
12

experienced side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, constipation, and dry mouth.

(Id. at 74-75)
Plaintiff testified that she could use stairs, stand up to twenty minutes, sit up to
thirty minutes, lift up to five pounds, kneel, stoop over, and had no problem using her
hands. (Id. at 76-77) She also stated that she did not have any problem with her
memory, concentration, or breathing. (Id. at 77-78) However, on a "bad day," she was
not capable of doing anything except rest until the pain subsides. (Id. at 84)
In the second hearing, plaintiff testified that due to her August 2012 fall and
injuries, the pain in her neck and lower back became constant. (Id. at 101) She
continued to treat the pain with physical therapy, injections, and pain medication. (Id.)
Plaintiff also began to see Dr. Silberman weekly for her depression and anxiety. (Id. at
102, 104-05) She testified she then woke up at three a.m. every morning because the
pain interrupted her sleep. (Id. at 107) She felt "mentally and physically tired," and
could no longer conduct the tasks she once did due to her depression. (Id. at 109-10)

2. VE's testimony
At the first hearing, the VE testified that, according to plaintiff's testimony, plaintiff
had worked as a secretary, which is at a sedentary exertional level, skilled with a
special vocational preparation ("SVP") of 6. (Id. at 86) The VE opined the secretarial
position has transferable skills.
The ALJ posed the following to the VE:
Now, we will consider a hypothetical person who is ... about 45 years
(old) ... has a 12th grade education along with a two year college degree ...
is able to read, write, and do at least simple math adding and
subtracting ... this individual has certain underlying impairments that place
13

limitations on the ability to do work related activities. We'll start with
basically a sedentary level of exertion, postural standing and walking
about two hours in an eight hour work day, sitting about six. While there
are no sit/stand limitations in the DOT, this person would require the ability
to do an office job where a person can get up at pretty much any time. So
a sit/stand option in general, pushing and pulling with the lower extremities
and left arm, as well as working overhead, should be generally avoided,
and this person would have all of the posturals occasionally but no
climbing of a ladder, rope, or scaffold ... and should avoid concentrated
exposure to extreme cold, vibration, and hazards. In your opinion, with
that hypothetical, could such a person do the claimant's past relevant
work?

(Id. at 86-87) The VE responded: "Based on your description of the types of times that
the person can get up and yes, the answer would be yes (for both jobs)." (Id. at 87)
The ALJ additionally asked the VE: "And let's say there were additional limitations to
simple, unskilled work, would there be any simple unskilled work at a sedentary level of
exertion, if you can identify several at a sedentary level of exertion?" (Id.) The VE
responded:
Yes there would. There are some assemblers of a variety of different
products representing several different DOT titles and codes. In the
region there are roughly 2,000 and roughly 120,000 nationally. There are
some packers, again representing several DOT titles at about 200
regionally and 15,000 nationally. There are some cashiers, the DOT does
not determine any sedentary cashiers because the vast majority are light
but there are a small percentage of unskilled cashiers that are found at
sedentary and sit, stand at will is typical. There are approximately 2,500
in the region and about 200,000 nationally.

(Id. at 87-88) The ALJ asked: "And the positions that you cited me to, are they
consistent with those in the DOT or companion publications?" The VE responded: "Yes,
with my explanation about the cashier." (Id.)
On cross-examination, plaintiff's counsel asked the VE if the number of cashier
positions that allow sitting or standing at will accounts for the erosion for the sit/stand

14

option. The VE answered it did, and "there are approximately an additional 30,000
cashiers in the region that do not allow for that." (Id.) Plaintiff's counsel also asked the
VE what jobs "an individual who was limited to sitting a maximum of four hours in an
eight hour day, standing/walking a maximum of one hour, who could lift five pounds,
and who would be absent from work more than three times a month" could perform.
The VE responded these factors would preclude sustaining any work activity for the
particular individual. (Id. at 89)
At the second hearing, a different VE testified. The ALJ informed the VE about
the previous hypothetical posed to the first VE. (Id. at 120-21) Plaintiff's attorney then
asked the VE "if an individual, in addition to being limited to sedentary, unskilled work,
had those limitations as noted in the psychological impairment questionnaire[1o1 would
that individual be able to maintain any job at the SGA level?" (Id. at 122) The VE
responded:
No, the limitations indicated in this exhibit particularly the marked limitation
on the person's ability to maintain attention and concentration for
extended periods as well as the mark[ed] limitation for the person to be
able to complete a normal work week without interruptions from
psychologically based symptoms and perform at a consistent pace without
an unreasonable number and length of rest periods. I believe that those
two limitations, particularly would certainly reduce the person's productivity
by fifteen to twenty percent or more and would be work preclusive and
there's also an indication that the person would have absences of more
than three days per month and that number of absences certainly would
be considered excessive by the employer and also would be work
preclusive.
(Id.)

D. The ALJ's Findings
10

Psychological Impairment Questionnaire completed by Dr. Silberman on September
21, 2011, supra.
15

Based on the factual evidence and the testimony of plaintiff and the VEs, the ALJ
determined plaintiff was not disabled during the relevant time. The ALJ's findings are
summarized as follows: 11
1. [Plaintiff] met the insured status requirements of the Social Security Act
through December 31, 2013.
2. [Plaintiff] has not engaged in substantial gainful activity since the
alleged onset date of January 25, 2009 (20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1571 et
seq.).
3. [Plaintiff] has had the following severe impairments since the amended
alleged onset date of disability, January 25, 2009: injuries to neck and
back (20 C.F.R. 404.1520(c)).
4. Since the alleged onset date of disability, January 25, 2009, [plaintiff]
has not had an impairment or combination of impairments that meets
or medically equals the severity of one of the listed impairments in 20
CFR Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1 (20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(d),
404.1525 and 404.1526).
5. After careful consideration of the entire record, prior to August 1, 2012,
the date [plaintiff] became disabled, [plaintiff] had the residual
functional capacity to perform sedentary work as defined in 20 CFR
404.1567(a) and 416.976(a) except she is afforded the opportunity to
sit/stand at will; pushing and pulling with the lower extremities and left
arm should be generally avoided, as should working overhead;
postural are limited to occasional but no climbing of a ladder, rope, or
scaffold; and should avoid concentrated exposure to extreme cold,
vibrations, and hazards.
6. After careful consideration of the entire record, [prior to] August 1,
2012, [plaintiff] had the residual functional capacity to perform
sedentary work as defined in 20 CFR 404.1567(a) and 416.967(a)
except she is limited to lifting and carrying up to ten pounds
occasionally; no bending or twisting; should allow for frequent position
changes; can sit up to seven hours total; stand/walk a total of twenty
minutes in an eight-hour workday; and should avoid repetitive
reaching.
11

The ALJ's rationale, which was interspersed throughout the findings, is omitted from
this recitation.
16

7. Prior to August 1, 2012, [plaintiff] was capable of performing past
relevant work as a secretary. This work did not require the
performance of work-related activities precluded by [plaintiff's] residual
functional capacity (20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1565 and 416.965).
8. Beginning on August 1, 2012, [plaintiff's] residual functional capacity
prevented [plaintiff] from being able to perform past relevant work (20
C.F.R. §§ 404.1565 and 416.965).
9. [Plaintiff] was a younger individual age 45-49 on August 1, 2012, the
established disability onset date (20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1563 and 416.963).
10. [Plaintiff] has at least a high school education and is able to
communicate in English (20 C.F.R. §§ 404.15654 and 416.964).
11 . [Plaintiff] does not have work skills that are transferable to other
occupations within the residual functional capacity defined above (20
C.F.R. §§ 404.1568 and 416.968).
12. Since August 1, 2012, considering [plaintiff's] age, education, work
experience, and residual functional capacity, there are no jobs that
exist in significant numbers in the national economy that [plaintiff] can
perform (20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1560(c), 404.1566, 416.960(c), and
416.966).
13. [Plaintiff] was not disabled prior to August 1, 2012, (20 C.F.R. §§
404.1520(f) and 416.920(f)) but became disabled on that date and has
continued to be disabled through the date of the decision (20 C. F. R. §§
404.1520(g) and 416.920(g)).
(D.I. 7-2 at 26-39)

Ill. STAND ARD OF REVIEW
Findings of fact made by the ALJ, as adopted by the Appeals Council, are
conclusive if they are supported by substantial evidence. See 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g),
1383(c)(3). Judicial review of the ALJ's decision is limited to determining whether
"substantial evidence" supports the decision. See Monsour Med. Ctr. v. Heckler, 806
F.2d 1185, 1190 (3d Cir. 1986). In making this determination, a reviewing court may not

17

undertake a de novo review of the ALJ's decision and may not re-weigh the evidence of
record. See id. In other words, even if the reviewing court would have decided the
case differently, the ALJ's decision must be affirmed if it is supported by substantial
evidence. See id. at 1190-91.
The term "substantial evidence" is defined as less than a preponderance of the
evidence, but more than a mere scintilla of evidence. As the United States Supreme
Court has noted, substantial evidence "does not mean a large or significant amount of
evidence, but rather such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as
adequate to support a conclusion." Pierce v. Underwood, 487 U.S. 552, 565 (1988).
The Supreme Court also has embraced this standard as the appropriate standard for
determining the availability of summary judgment pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 56. "The inquiry performed is the threshold inquiry of determining whether
there is the need for a trial-whether, in other words, there are any genuine factual
issues that properly can be resolved only by a finder of fact because they may
reasonably be resolved in favor of either party." Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477
U.S. 242, 250 (1986).
This standard mirrors the standard for a directed verdict under Federal Rule of
Civil Procedure 50(a), which is that the trial judge must direct a verdict if, under the
governing law, there can be but one reasonable conclusion as to the verdict. If
"reasonable minds could differ as to the import of the evidence, however, a verdict
should not be directed." See id. at 250-51 (internal citations omitted). Thus, in the
context of judicial review under§ 405(g), "[a] single piece of evidence will not satisfy the

18

substantiality test if [the ALJ] ignores, or fails to resolve, a conflict created by
countervailing evidence. Nor is evidence substantial if it is overwhelmed by other
evidence-particularly certain types of evidence (e.g., that offered by treating
physicians)-or if it really constitutes not evidence but mere conclusion." See Brewster

v. Heckler, 786 F.2d 581, 584 (3d Cir. 1986) (quoting Kentv. Schweiker, 710 F.2d 110,
114 (3d Cir. 1983)). Where, for example, the countervailing evidence consists primarily
of the plaintiff's subjective complaints of disabling pain, the ALJ "must consider the
subjective pain and specify his reasons for rejecting these claims and support his
conclusion with medical evidence in the record." Matullo v. Bowen, 926 F.2d 240, 245
(3d Cir. 1990).
"Despite the deference due to administrative decisions in disability benefit cases,
'appellate courts retain a responsibility to scrutinize the entire record and to reverse or
remand if the [Commissioner]'s decision is not supported by substantial evidence."'

Morales v. Apfel, 225 F.3d 310, 317 (3d Cir. 2000) (quoting Smith v. Califano, 637 F.2d
968, 970 (3d Cir. 1981 )). "A district court, after reviewing the decision of the
[Commissioner] may, under 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) affirm, modify, or reverse the
[Commissioner]'s decision with or without a remand to the [Commissioner] for
rehearing." Podedworny v. Harris, 745 F.2d 210, 221 (3d Cir. 1984).

IV. DISCUSSION
A. Disability Determination Process
Social Security Administration regulations incorporate a sequential evaluation
process for determining whether a claimant is under a disability. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520.

19

The ALJ first considers whether the claimant is currently engaged in substantial gainful
activity. If he is not, then the ALJ considers in the second step whether the claimant
has a "severe impairment" that significantly limits his physical or mental ability to
perform basic work activities. If the claimant suffers a severe impairment, the third
inquiry is whether, based on the medical evidence, the impairment meets the criteria of
an impairment listed in the "listing of impairments," 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App. 1
(1999), which result in a presumption of disability, or whether the claimant retains the
capacity to work. If the impairment does not meet the criteria for a listed impairment,
then the ALJ assesses in the fourth step whether, despite the severe impairment, the
claimant has the residual functional capacity 12 to perform his past work. If the claimant
cannot perform her past work, then step five is to determine whether there is other work
in the national economy that the claimant can perform. Sykes v. Apfel, 228 F.3d 259,
262-63 (3d Cir. 2000) (citing 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520). If the ALJ finds that a claimant is
disabled or not disabled at any point in the sequence, review does not proceed to the
next step. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a). It is within the ALJ's sole discretion to determine
whether an individual is disabled or "unable to work" under the statutory definition. 20
C.F.R. § 404.1527(e)(1 ).
The ALJ is required to evaluate all of the medical findings and other evidence
that supports a physician's statement that an individual is disabled. The opinion of a
treating or primary physician is generally given controlling weight when evaluating the

12

A claimant's residual function capacity ("RFC") is "that which an individual is able to
do despite the limitations caused by his or her impairment(s)." Fargnoli v. Massanari,
247 F.3d 34, 40 (3d. Cir. 2001 ).
20

nature and severity of an individual's impairments. However, no special significance is
given to the source of an opinion on other issues which are reserved to the ALJ, such
as the ultimate determination of disablement. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(e)(2), (3). The
ALJ has the discretion to weigh any conflicting evidence in the case record and make a
determination. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(c)(2).
B. Whether the ALJ's Decision is Supported by Substantial Evidence
On June 24, 2013, the ALJ found plaintiff was not under a disability within the
meaning of the Act during the relevant time period from the alleged onset date of
January 25, 2009, to August 1, 2012. The ALJ concluded that, despite plaintiff's
"severe" impairment (injuries to the neck and back), she had the residual functional
capacity to perform a range of sedentary work such as her past relevant work as a
secretary. After considering the VE's testimony, the ALJ found that as of August 1,
2012, plaintiff's residual functional capacity prevented her from being able to perform
past relevant work and there are no other jobs that exist in significant numbers in the
national economy plaintiff can perform.
Plaintiff contends: (1) her condition satisfies the requisite severity level of one of
the listed impairments in 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1; (2) the ALJ erred
in according little weight to Dr. Grossinger's opinions, plaintiff's treating physician during
the relevant time, and failed to properly weigh the physical medical evidence; (3) the
ALJ erred in finding plaintiff did not have severe mental impairments; and (4) the ALJ
failed to properly evaluate plaintiff's credibility. (D.I. 10 at 6) Defendant disagrees and

21

contends that substantial evidence supports the ALJ's decision that plaintiff was not
disabled under the Act during the relevant time. (D.I. 14 at 6-7)
1. Severity requirements for Medical Listing 1.04A
On appeal, plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred in finding plaintiff does not meet the
severity requirements for Medical Listing 1.04A. (D.I. 10 at 14-15) Specifically, plaintiff
contends that when the ALJ found plaintiff did not meet Medical Listing 1.04A (because
there was no evidence of nerve root compression characterized by neuro-anatomic
distribution of pain, limited motion in the spine, motor loss accompanied by sensory or
reflex loss, and no positive straight leg raising tests), the ALJ failed to cite to a single
finding in the record to support this conclusion and "the ALJ must indicate in his
decision which evidence he has rejected and which he is relying on as the basis or his
finding." (Id. at 15) (quoting Schaudeck v. Commissioner of Soc. Sec., 181 F.3d 429,
433 (3d. Cir. 1999)).
While there is no question plaintiff has disorders of the spine, this alone does not
mean plaintiff meets the severity requirements of Medical Listing 1.04A. In order to
meet a listing, plaintiff must show that all of the criteria of that listing are met. "Meeting
only some criteria of a listing, no matter how severely, does not qualify." Sullivan v.
Zebley, 493 U.S. 521, 530 (1990) (citations omitted). Listing 1.04A requires:

Disorders of the spine (e.g., herniated nucleus pulposus, spinal
arachnoiditis, spinal stenosis, osteoarthritis, degenerative disc disease,
facet arthritis, vertebral fracture), resulting in compromise of a nerve root
(including the cauda equina) or the spinal cord. With:
A. Evidence of nerve root compression characterized by neuro-anatomic
distribution of pain, limitation of motion of the spine, motor loss (atrophy
with associated muscle weakness or muscle weakness) accompanied by
22

sensory or reflex loss and, if there is involvement of the lower back,
positive straight-leg raising test (sitting and supine).
20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App. 1 § 1.04A. Plaintiff has not met the burden of proving
she meets Listing 1.04A. In her opinion, the ALJ states MRls of the lumbar spine
evidenced mild degenerative change, disc bulge, mild to moderate stenosis of the spinal
canal in the cervical region, and no disc herniation. (D.I. 7-2 at 33-34) There is no
evidence of nerve root or spinal cord compromise. (Id. at 31) An EMG performed by
Dr. Grossinger revealed motor nerve analysis, late response, and sensory nerve
analysis to be normal and symmetric. (Id. at 34) Additionally, while Dr. Downing noted
reduced motion in the cervical spine, he also found plaintiff had an equivocal leg-raising
test as well as full strength and sensation. (D.I. 7-10 at 20-21, 25) Plaintiff's range of
motion was within normal limits in all ranges. (D.I. 7-2 at 34) Finally, plaintiff's mere
mention of radiating pain is insufficient to show evidence of a neuro-anatomic
distribution of pain and there is no medical evidence of such. 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt.
P, App. 1, § 1.00 K.1. Thus, the court finds substantial evidence supports the ALJ's
conclusion that plaintiff's condition does not satisfy the requisite severity level of one of
the listed impairments in 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1.
2. Weight of medical opinions and medical evidence

Plaintiff argues that the ALJ failed to properly weigh the medical opinions of Dr.
Grossinger (plaintiff's treating physician during the relevant time) and the physical
medical evidence. (D.I. 10 at 16-17) Plaintiff claims the ALJ rejected Dr. Grossinger's
testimony and instead based her conclusion improperly upon her "own credibility
judgments, speculation or lay opinion." (Id. at 20) (quoting Morales v. Apfel, 225 F.3d at
23

317-18). Generally, the weight afforded to any medical opinion is dependent on a
variety of factors, including the degree to which the opinion is supported by relevant
evidence and consistent with the record as a whole. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(3)-(4). To
that end, the more consistent an opinion is with the record as a whole, the more weight
is given to that opinion. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(4).
A treating physician's opinion does not warrant controlling weight under the
regulations unless it is well supported by clinical and laboratory diagnostic findings and
consistent with other substantial evidence. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(2); Fargnoli v.
Massanari, 247 F.3d 34, 42 (3d Cir. 2001 ). The more a treating source presents
medical signs and laboratory findings to support his/her medical opinion, the more
weight it is given. Id. Likewise, the more consistent a treating physician's opinion is
with the record as a whole, the more weight it should be afforded. Id. An ALJ may only
outrightly reject a treating physician's assessment based on contradictory medical
evidence or a lack of clinical data supporting it, not due to his or her own credibility
judgments, speculation or lay opinion. Morales v. Apfel, 225 F.3d at 318; LyonsTimmons v. Barnhart, 147 Fed.Appx. 313, 316 (3d Cir. 2005).
Even when the treating source opinion is not afforded controlling weight, it does
not follow that it deserves zero weight. Instead, the ALJ must apply several factors in
determining how much weight to assign it. Gonzalez v. Astrue, 537 F.Supp.2d 644, 662
(D. Del. 2008). These factors include: (1) the treatment relationship, including the
length of the relationship and the nature and extent of the relationship; (2) supportability;
(3) consistency; (4) specialization; and (5) other factors. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(2)-(6).

24

Considering this authority against the instant record, the court finds that the ALJ
did not err in affording Dr. Grossinger's opinions little weight. The ALJ correctly found
that the record does not indicate difficulty with ambulation; objective testing reveals only
mild findings; treatment remains limited to medication and physical therapy; and plaintiff
continues to live alone and perform a variety of daily activities. (D.I. 7-2 at 36) Despite
Dr. Grossinger opining that plaintiff had permanent restrictions, he continued to
recommend only conservative treatment. (Id.) Likewise, Dr. Downing and Dr.
Yalamanchili both recommended conservative treatment with chiropractic care,
injections, and physical therapy. (D.I. 7-10 at 21, 84) Further, the record demonstrates
that plaintiff's symptoms improved from such conservative treatments. (D.I. 7-10 at 2324; D.I. 7-17 at 56) Finally, Dr. Grossinger's opinion that plaintiff was "permanently
totally disabled from gainful employment" is not entitled to controlling weight. (D.I. 7-17
at 54) The Commissioner's regulations explain that medical source opinions that a
claimant is "disabled" or "unable to work" is not a medical opinion and is not given
special significance because opinions as to whether or not a claimant is disabled are
reserved for the Commissioner. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(d). The court finds substantial
evidence supports the ALJ's decision to assign less than controlling weight to Dr.
Grossinger's testimony, for it is inconsistent with the record as a whole and thus lacked
consistency and supportability.
Moreover, the ALJ did not improperly weigh the physical medical evidence when
concluding plaintiff could perform a limited range of sedentary work. State agency
physicians Dr. Kataria and Dr. Aldrige determined that plaintiff had the residual

25

functional capacity to perform the exertional demands of light wok, with limited push/pull
in the lower extremities, occasional postural limitations but no climbing of a ladder, rope,
or scaffolds, and should avoid concentrated exposure to vibration and all exposure to
hazards. (D.I. 7-2 at 35) In her decision, the ALJ noted the restrictions imposed by Ors.
Kataria and Aldrige but found plaintiff's exertional capacity to be more limited than what
they assessed, giving plaintiff "every benefit of the doubt" and considering her past
relevant work, medication side effects, and recent treatment records. (Id.) The court
finds substantial evidence supports the ALJ's RFC assessment and, therefore, the ALJ
did not improperly weigh the medical evidence.
To the extent plaintiff asserts that the ALJ did not consider all relevant evidence,
the Third Circuit has not required the ALJ to discuss or refer to every piece of evidence
of the record, so long as the reviewing court can discern the basis of the decision.
Fargnoli, 247 F.3d at 42. The ALJ at bar stated that she considered all the evidence of
record. See Black v. Apfel, 143 F .3d 383, 386 (8th Cir. 1998) (the mere failure to cite to
specific evidence does not establish that the ALJ failed to consider it); Carlson v.
Shala/a, 999 F.2d 180, 181 (7th Cir. 1993) (the ALJ need not evaluate in writing every
piece of evidence submitted). Having considered the ALJ's decision, it is evident that
she considered all the record evidence and provided sufficient reasons for the court to
discern her decision.

3. Plaintiff's mental impairments
Next, plaintiff contends that the ALJ improperly found her mental impairments not
severe. Specifically, the ALJ erred in giving Dr. Silberman's opinion little weight. To

26

reach her conclusion that plaintiff does not have any severe mental impairments, the
ALJ assessed functional limitations using the four broad functional areas set out in the
disability regulations for evaluating mental disorders. See 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P,
App. 1, § 12.00(C); (Id. at 31 ). To find a "marked" limitation, it must be more than
moderate but less than extreme and the degree of limitation is such as to interfere
seriously with the ability to function independently, appropriately, effectively, and on a
sustained basis. Id.
First, with respect to a marked restriction in activities of daily living, the ALJ found
plaintiff has a mild limitation. 13 (D.I. 7-2 at 30) The ALJ based her finding primarily
upon plaintiff's own testimony and statements. Plaintiff testified she lives alone,
prepares her own meals, vacuums once a month, does limited cleaning, can make her
bed, do laundry, go to the store, and drive short distances. (Id. at 78-79) The court
finds that substantial evidence supports the ALJ's conclusion that plaintiff did not exhibit
marked restriction in activities of daily living.
Second, the ALJ found a mild limitation in social functioning. 14 (Id. at 30)
Initiating social contact with others, communicating clearly with others, or interacting
and actively participating in group activities are indicative of strength in social
functioning. See 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App. 1, § 12.00(C)(2). Plaintiff testified
13

According to the Social Security regulations, "activities of daily living include adaptive
activities such as cleaning, shopping, cooking, taking public transportation, paying bills,
maintaining a residence, caring appropriately for your grooming and hygiene, using
telephones and directories, and using a post office." 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App.
1, § 12.00(C)(1 ).
14 According to the Social Security regulations, "social functioning refers to your capacity
to interact independently, appropriately, effectively, and on a sustained basis with other
individuals." Id. at§ 12.00(C)(2).
27

she attends church in Philadelphia, which requires almost an hour's drive, and thus
socializes and participates with others. (D.I. 7-2 at 30) The court finds there is
substantial evidence that supports the ALJ's finding that plaintiff's restriction in social
functioning was only mild.
Third, the ALJ found that plaintiff has only a mild limitation in the functional area
of concentration, persistence, or pace. 15 (Id.) Plaintiff testified that she is able to pay
her own bills, enjoys reading and watching movies, and is enrolled in an online
bachelor's degree program and spends part of her day doing homework and
assignments. (Id. at 30-31) The court finds that substantial evidence supports the
ALJ's conclusion that plaintiff did not exhibit marked restriction in concentration,
persistence, or pace. Finally, the ALJ found no episodes of decompensation which
have been of extended duration. 16 (Id. at 31) The ALJ noted there is no evidence of
any episodes of decompensation during the relevant time period. (Id. at 31)
Because plaintiff's medically determinable mental impairments cause no more
than "mild" limitations in any of the first three functional areas and "no" episodes of
decompensation which have been of extended duration in the fourth area, the ALJ
properly found them nonsevere. (Id.) Plaintiff argues the ALJ erred in assigning little

15

According to the Social Security regulations, "Concentration, persistence, or pace
refers to the ability to sustain focused attention and concentration sufficiently long to
permit the timely and appropriate completion of tasks commonly found in work settings."
Id. at§ 12.00(C)(3).
16 "Episodes of decompensation are exacerbations or temporary increases in symptoms
or signs accompanied by a loss of adaptive functioning, as manifested by difficulties in
performing activities of daily living, maintaining social relationships, or maintaining
concentration, persistence, or pace ... and ordinarily requires increased treatment or a
less stressful situation (or a combination of the two)." Id. at§ 12.00(C)(4).

28

weight to the opinions of plaintiff's treating psychologist, Dr. Silberman. However, the
ALJ accorded little weight to these opinions because they are not supported by the
record. Dr. Silberman noted only mildly impaired attention and concentration and no
difficulties with memory functions. (Id. at 30) Further, when clearing plaintiff for a spinal
cord stimulator, Dr. Silberman noted plaintiff had hope for the future, there was no
impairment of thought content, and her thought processes were well organized; he
recommended her for the procedure because she had a good overall level of
functioning and was emotionally stable. (Id.) The court finds there is substantial
evidence to support the ALJ's finding that plaintiff's mental impairments are nonsevere.

4. Plaintiff's credibility
Finally, plaintiff argues the ALJ failed to properly evaluate her credibility within
the RFC evaluation. 17 The ALJ concluded that plaintiff had the ability to perform
sedentary work activities with the limitations set forth despite her impairments. (Id. at
36) In reaching this conclusion, the ALJ adhered to a two-step process for evaluating
the symptoms of plaintiff's mental impairments. (Id. at 31; see SSR 96-?p) First, the
adjudicator must consider whether there is an underlying medically determinable
physical or mental impairment(s) ... that could reasonably be expected to produce the
individual's pain or other symptoms. See SSR 96-?p. Second, the ALJ
must evaluate the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of the
individual's symptoms to determine the extent to which the symptoms limit
the individual's ability to do basic work activities. For this purpose,
whenever the individual's statements about the intensity, persistence, or
functionally limiting effects of pain or other symptoms are not
17

Because the ALJ concluded that plaintiff's mental impairments neither meet nor are
equivalent in severity to any listing, she proceeded to assess plaintiffs RFC. See 20
C.F.R. § 404.1520a(d)(3).
29

substantiated by objective medical evidence, the adjudicator must make a
finding on the credibility of the individual's statements based on a
consideration of the entire case record.
Id.

The ALJ found there are medically determinable impairments that could
reasonably produce plaintiff's symptoms, but plaintiff's "statements concerning the
intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of these symptoms are not entirely credible
prior to August 1, 2012." (0.1. 7-2 at 34-35) The ALJ noted a number of inconsistencies
between plaintiff's testimony and the record. (Id.) Plaintiff contends that the ALJ's
credibility determination is insufficient. (0.1. 10 at 23)
An ALJ must give great weight to a claimant's testimony only "when this
testimony is supported by competent medical evidence," and an ALJ may "reject such
claims if [s]he does not find them credible." Schaudeck, 181 F.3d at 433. The ALJ "has
the right, as the fact finder, to reject partially, or even entirely, such subjective
complaints if they are not fully credible." Baerga v. Richardson, 500 F.2d 309, 312 (3d
Cir. 1974).
The ALJ at bar found treatment records that noted plaintiff's lost job was due to
cutbacks unrelated to her pain complaints, but plaintiff testified she stopped working due
to pain. (0.1. 7-3 at 35) The ALJ noted that plaintiff has a history of chronic neck and
shoulder pain and was treated with pain management and physical therapy well before
the amended alleged onset date. (Id.) Further, discharge records from St. Francis
Hospital only indicated cervical strain. (Id.) The ALJ also took note of plaintiff's request
for a letter stating that she had not been able to work for a year and her physician's
refusal to provide such a letter because of insufficient evidence related to plaintiff's
30

physical abilities. (Id.) Finally, the ALJ found the objective evidence minimal, there is
no indication plaintiff requires an assistive device to ambulate, treatment remains
conservative in nature, and plaintiff continues to live alone and perform a variety of daily
activities. (Id.)
With respect to these findings, plaintiff argues that the "Third Circuit has
downplayed the significance of minimal activities performed by a claimant as evidence
that can refute credible medical evidence of disability." (D.I. 14 at 18) (citing
Frankenfield v. Bowen, 861 F.2d 405, 408 (3rd Cir. 1988)). However, plaintiff

misapplies Frankenfield. The ALJ did not cite plaintiff's activities in order to refute
credible medical evidence of disability; rather, she highlighted these activities as
evidence of the inconsistencies in plaintiff's testimony. The ALJ did not err in finding
that these inconsistencies negatively impacted plaintiff's credibility. The court finds
there is substantial evidence supporting the ALJ's finding that plaintiff's testimony was
"not entirely persuasive." (D.I. 7-2 at 36)

IV. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, defendant's motion for summary judgment will be
granted and plaintiff's motion for summary judgment will be denied. An appropriate
order shall issue.

31