Williams v. Metzger

Filing 21

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Stephanos Bibas on 6/4/21. (mal)

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELAWARE
KEVIN L. WILLIAMS,
Petitioner,
v.
ROBERT MAY; ATTORNEY
GENERAL OF THE STATE OF
DELAWARE,

No. 1:19-cv-01035-SB

Respondents.
Kevin L. Williams, Smyrna, Delaware.
Pro Se.
Elizabeth Roberts McFarlan, DELAWARE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Wilmington,
Delaware.
Counsel for Respondents.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

June 4, 2021

BIBAS, Circuit Judge, sitting by designation.
A Delaware jury convicted Kevin Williams of several sex crimes. He now claims
that his conviction was tainted by ineffective assistance of counsel—at trial, on appeal, and in state postconviction proceedings. But the state court reasonably applied
controlling precedent in rejecting Williams’s trial-based claims. He procedurally defaulted his appellate-counsel claims. And the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA) forbids granting habeas relief for ineffectiveness of counsel during
postconviction proceedings. 28 U.S.C. § 2254(i). So I will deny his petition.
I. BACKGROUND
Kevin Williams sexually assaulted his daughters for many years. State v. Williams, 2018 WL 3211962, at *1 (Del. Super. June 29, 2018). Late in 2011, those daughters (Jean and Ava Smith, both pseudonyms) told the Delaware State Police about
that abuse. Id. They gave graphic accounts of their traumatic experiences. Id. at *1–
2.
Based on the girls’ reports, a grand jury indicted Williams on nineteen counts of
Unlawful Sexual Contact in the First Degree and one count of Continuous Sexual
Abuse of a Child. Id. at *2. The nineteen counts of Unlawful Sexual Conduct were
identical: they used the same words, stated the same date range (August 1, 2002 to
June 30, 2003), and alleged the same child victim (Jean Smith).
The State later reindicted Williams. Id. The reindictment kept the same language
but changed two of the counts of Unlawful Sexual Contact to include Ava as a second
victim. Id. And it expanded the date ranges to end as late as June 30, 2008. Id. The
State later moved to amend the reindictment, and Williams’s counsel did not object.
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Id. So the trial court granted the motion, letting the State amend the dates of the two
counts. Id.
The case went to trial, but on only six counts: three of Unlawful Sexual Contact
with Jean Smith, two of Unlawful Sexual Contact with Ava Smith, and one of Continuous Sexual Abuse of a Child, Jean Smith. Id. at *3. The State decided not to prosecute the remaining thirteen counts. Id.
The trial spanned four days. Id. Each daughter testified, and Williams took the
stand in his defense. Id. The evidence focused on five specific encounters between
Williams and one of his daughters. Id. at *1, *3. Williams did not dispute that the
events themselves occurred: that, for instance, he went for a walk in Monkey Hill
with Ava. Id. at *2–3. He just denied that any sexual contact occurred during those
events. Id. at *3. But the jury disagreed, finding him guilty on each count. The Supreme Court of Delaware affirmed the conviction. Williams v. State, 100 A.3d 1022
(Table), 2014 WL 4179121 (Del. 2014).
Represented by counsel, Williams sought state postconviction relief. He raised two
claims of ineffective assistance of counsel: one for failing to file a bill of particulars,
the other for failing to object to the motion to amend the reindictment. State v. Williams, No. 1204002559, 2017 WL 5068570, at *1–2 (Del. Super. Ct. Oct. 30, 2017).
A state Commissioner held an evidentiary hearing on the claims, taking testimony
from Williams’s counsel. Id. at *2. The Commissioner recommended denying Williams’s petition. Id. at *7. Williams filed objections with the Superior Court, which
reviewed the recommendation de novo and adopted it. Williams, 2018 WL 3211962,

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at *4, *9. Williams appealed up to the Supreme Court of Delaware, which “affirmed
on the basis of and for the reasons stated in [the Superior Court’s] Memorandum
Opinion.” Williams v. State, 204 A.3d 841 (Table), 2019 WL 549260, at *1 (Del. 2019).
Williams now files this federal habeas petition. He seeks § 2254(d) relief on his
two previous ineffective-assistance-of-trial-counsel claims, plus on a new claim relating to ineffective assistance of appellate and postconviction counsel. Petition at 5, 7,
9, D.I. 1. Each fails.
II. WILLIAMS’S TRIAL COUNSEL WAS NOT INEFFECTIVE
Williams exhausted his claims of ineffective trial counsel below. Now, under
AEDPA, Williams must show not just that the state court was wrong, but that its
ruling either “resulted in a decision that was contrary to, or involved an unreasonable
application of, clearly established Federal law” or “resulted in a decision that was
based on an unreasonable determination of the facts.” § 2254(d). For ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims, the clearly established federal law is the rule of Strickland
v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984). Strickland requires two showings: “that … counsel provided deficient assistance and that there was prejudice as a result.” Harrington
v. Richter, 562 U.S. 86, 104 (2011). Deficient performance is an objective standard,
and hard to prove: courts start with a “strong presumption” that counsel’s performance was reasonable. Id. (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689). And prejudice requires a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s error, the result of the trial
would have been different. Id. at 104.
Proving that a state court’s application of Strickland was unreasonable under
§ 2254(d) is an even higher hurdle. Id. “The standards created by Strickland and
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§ 2254(d) are both highly deferential, and when the two apply in tandem, review is
doubly so.” Id. at 105 (internal citations and quotation marks omitted). Williams does
not overcome double deference.
A. The state court reasonably applied Strickland to Williams’s claim
that trial counsel should have requested a bill of particulars
The Superior Court dealt with this claim thoroughly. After correctly laying out
the Strickland standard, it explained why Williams’s claim failed on both prongs.
Williams, 2018 WL 3211962, at *4. That analysis was reasonable.
Start with the first prong. The Superior Court correctly found that counsel’s performance was not objectively unreasonable. First, it found that a Bill of Particulars
would have been unnecessary. It explained that this document “provides supplemental information when an indictment does not inform the defendant of the facts
and charges against him to sufficiently enable [him] to prepare his defense.” Id. at
*5. But, it noted, Williams’s counsel knew the facts and evidence that the State was
planning to use; indeed, he said so at the evidentiary hearing. Id. at *6–7. Second,
the Superior Court found that trial counsel’s decision was strategic. Id. He thought
the request would be denied, and he was making good headway negotiating with the
State. Id. He did not want to squander any goodwill with a baseless motion. Id. (That
seems to have been a good call: the State ended up not prosecuting thirteen extra
counts.)
That first prong would be enough for any court to deny relief under Strickland—
and thus for me to deny habeas relief under § 2254(d). But the Superior Court was
thorough. In the alternative, it assessed the second Strickland prong. It properly
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explained that the defendant must show a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s mistakes, the outcome of the proceeding would have been different. Id. (quoting
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694). And it found that Williams did not meet this burden Id.
On this record, I cannot grant habeas relief. The Superior Court “correctly identifie[d] Strickland as the controlling legal authority and, applying that framework, reject[ed] the prisoner’s claim.” Williams v. Taylor, 529 U.S. 362, 406 (2000). Its decision was not “contrary to” clearly established law. Id. at 405–06. And for the same
reasons why the court’s ruling on performance was reasonable, I find nothing “objectively unreasonable” about its application of the prejudice prong to these facts. Id. at
409.
B. The state court reasonably applied Strickland to Williams’s claim
that trial counsel should have objected to the motion to amend
Williams’s second ineffective-assistance-of-trial-counsel claim fares no better. Far
from warranting habeas relief, the Superior Court’s analysis of this challenge was
sound. The amended reindictment changed certain dates for when the alleged abuse
occurred. Williams, 2018 WL 3211962, at *2. But “trial counsel testified that the dates
in the indictment had very little bearing, if any, on [his] defense strategy.” Id. at *8.
True, the Superior Court acknowledged, “a change in dates may have been significant
had [Williams] offered a different strategy to his defense. For example, the dates
would have been critical if [Williams] was preparing to present alibi witnesses at
trial.” Id. But he was not. “Instead, [Williams] did not dispute the underlying events
of any of these allegations, denying only that anything sexual had occurred. [Williams] himself testified to that effect at trial.” Id. (emphasis in original). Thus, “[a]ny
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change related to the dates would therefore have had no impact on the defense strategy.” Id.
None of this was contrary to or an unreasonable application of Strickland. Section
2254(d) provides Williams with no relief.
III. WILLIAMS’S CLAIMS ABOUT INEFFECTIVE APPELLATE
AND POSTCONVICTION COUNSEL FAIL
For the first time on federal habeas, Williams contends that he received ineffective
assistance from both his appellate and postconviction counsel. But I cannot grant
relief on either claim.
A. Williams procedurally defaulted his claim of ineffective assistance of
appellate counsel
I cannot consider this claim, as Williams procedurally defaulted it. As he acknowledges, he did not try to raise this issue in state court. Petition at 11. He cannot go
back and cure that fatal error now: too much time has passed and any new motion for
postconviction relief would be barred as successive. See Del. Super. Ct. Crim. R.
61(i)(1)–(2).
To his credit, Williams recognizes that this is a problem. But he argues that Martinez v. Ryan, 566 U.S. 1 (2012), solves it. Not so. The Supreme Court has specifically
exempted ineffective-assistance-of-appellate-counsel claims from Martinez’s scope.
Davila v. Davis, 137 S. Ct. 2058, 2062–63, 2065 (2017). So I cannot consider this
claim.

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B. AEDPA bars claims of ineffective assistance of postconviction counsel
Williams also brings a claim of ineffective assistance of postconviction counsel.
But AEDPA bars such claims: “The ineffectiveness or incompetence of counsel during
Federal or State collateral post-conviction proceedings shall not be a ground for relief
in a proceeding arising under section 2254.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(i); see also Coleman v.
Thompson, 501 U.S. 722, 752 (1991) (“There is no constitutional right to an attorney
in state post-conviction proceedings. Consequently, a petitioner cannot claim constitutionally ineffective assistance of counsel in such proceedings.” (citation omitted)).
So this claim cannot succeed.
* * * * *
The Superior Court reasonably assessed Williams’s claim and correctly applied
controlling law. Far from warranting habeas relief, its analysis was reasonable and
applied controlling precedent. I will deny Williams’s petition. And because no reasonable jurist could disagree, I will not issue a certificate of appealability. Slack v.
McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 483–84 (2000).

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