UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. AT&T INC. et al
Filing
34
MOTION to Intervene by GOOGLE INC. (Attachments: # 1 Memorandum in Support, # 2 Motion for Additional Relief, # 3 Memorandum in Support of Motion for Additional Relief, # 4 Declaration, # 5 Exhibit A, # 6 Exhibit B, # 7 Exhibit C, # 8 Exhibit D, # 9 Exhibit E, # 10 Exhibit F, # 11 Exhibit G)(znmw, ) (Additional attachment(s) added on 9/27/2011: # 12 Corporate Disclosure Statement) (znmw, ).
EXHIBIT C
Page 1
Not Reported in F.Supp.2d, 2002 WL 818073 (D.D.C.)
(Cite as: 2002 WL 818073 (D.D.C.))
Only the Westlaw citation is currently available.
United States District Court, District of Columbia.
STATE of New York, et al., Plaintiffs
v.
MICROSOFT CORPORATION, Defendant.
No. CIV.A. 98–1233(CKK).
April 29, 2002.
ORDER
KOLLAR-KOTELLY, District J.
*1 Pending before the Court is a request by nonParty Qwest Communications International, Inc.
(“Qwest”) that a particular document be received into
evidence under seal and that any inquiry regarding
the document be conducted under seal in a closed
courtroom. Qwest Services Corporation FN1 Senior
Vice President for Corporate Strategy Gregg Sutherland has been presented as a witness by Defendant
Microsoft in conjunction with a hearing being held
on the appropriate remedy for antitrust violations
found by the District Court in this case and affirmed
by the Court of Appeals. Having received proffers
from Qwest and the Plaintiff Litigating States and
upon review of the document, the Court concludes
that Qwest's motion to seal the document and to close
the courtroom for a limited period of time shall be
granted.
FN1. Qwest Services Corporation is a
wholly owned subsidiary of Qwest Communications International, Inc.
Pursuant to Qwest's motion, the Court discussed
the issue with counsel for Plaintiffs, Microsoft, and
Qwest on the record in a bench conference, the transcript of which remains under seal. To summarize,
during his cross-examination of Mr. Sutherland,
counsel for Plaintiffs plans to ask questions regarding
a Joint Marketing Agreement (“JMA”) entered into
between Qwest and Defendant Microsoft Corporation. Mr. Sutherland's responses to this line of questioning are likely to elicit Qwest's confidential business information. Similarly, display of the JMA itself
in open court would reveal Qwest's confidential busi-
ness information. Qwest proffered and explained during its sealed colloquy with the Court and the parties
that release of this sensitive corporate information
would cause substantial harm to Qwest's competitive
position. The parties and Qwest agree that the relevant portion of the cross-examination and redirect
should be conducted under seal and that the JMA
should be maintained in the record under seal.
Case law from the D.C. Circuit acknowledges
that, in general, “[t]he first amendment guarantees the
press and the public a general right of access to Court
proceedings.” Washington Post v. Robinson, 935
F.2d 282, 287 (D.C.Cir.1991). However, this right of
access is far from absolute, as courts have recognized
numerous exceptions to the general rule of openness.
See Nixon v. Warner Communications, 435 U.S. 589,
598 (1978) (listing various exceptions). Although
much of the available case law on the subject of
openness arises in the criminal context, the “presumption of openness” applies in the civil context as
well. See Johnson v. Greater Southeast Community
Hosp. Ctr., 951 F.2d 1267, 1277 (D.C.Cir.1991).
This presumption may be overcome “by an overriding interest based on findings that disclosure is essential to preserve higher values and is narrowly tailored
to serve that interest.” Press–Enterprise Co. v. Superior Court of California, 464 U.S. 501, 510 (1984).
Protecting an entity's “competitive standing” through
retained confidentiality in business information has
been recognized as an appropriate justification for the
restriction of public or press access. Nixon, 935 F.2d
at 287.
*2 The D.C. Circuit has elaborated that a court
contemplating restricting access to court documents
should consider the following six factors:
(1) the need for public access to the documents at
issue; (2) the extent to which the public had access
to the documents prior to the sealing order; (3) the
fact that a party has objected to disclosure and the
identity of that party; (4) the strength of the property and privacy interests involved; (5) the possibility of prejudice to those opposing disclosure; and
(6) the purposes for which the documents were introduced.
© 2011 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works.
Page 2
Not Reported in F.Supp.2d, 2002 WL 818073 (D.D.C.)
(Cite as: 2002 WL 818073 (D.D.C.))
See United States v. Hubbard, 650 F.2d 293,
317–22 (D.C.Cir.1980). Applying these factors, the
Court finds that there is no particular need for public
access to the JMA and the testimony relating thereto,
aside from the more generalized public interest in
these judicial proceedings. The Court notes that the
JMA was produced under special circumstances requiring an amendment to the Court's May 27, 1998,
Protective Order to ensure the maintenance of confidentiality. Since its production, the JMA has been
treated as “Highly Confidential” pursuant to the Protective Order and the April 24, 2002, supplement
thereto. Qwest, a third party, has clearly objected to
disclosure of this information in open court and has
displayed strong property and privacy interests in
maintaining the confidentiality of the information at
issue. As noted above, the relevant document and
testimony will be introduced as part of the Plaintiff
Litigating States' cross-examination and redirect of
Mr. Sutherland.
*3 ORDERED that the above-specified portions
of proceedings in this case shall be conducted under
seal; and it is further
ORDERED that the JMA shall be filed under
seal.
SO ORDERED.
D.D.C.,2002.
State of New York v. Microsoft Corp.
Not Reported in F.Supp.2d, 2002 WL 818073
(D.D.C.)
END OF DOCUMENT
Having reviewed the relevant document and, in
light of Plaintiffs' proffered line of inquiry and
Qwest's proffered business interest in maintaining
confidentiality, the Court finds that any release, via
testimony or display of the JMA, would result in
“clearly defined and very serious injury” to Qwest's
business interest. United States v. Exxon Corp., 94
F.R.D. 250, 251 (D.D.C.1981) (quoting United States
v. International Business Machines, Corp., 67 F.R.D.
40, 46 (S.D.N.Y.1975)). As a result, the Court concludes that Plaintiffs' inquiry regarding the JMA, as
well as any redirect examination, should be conducted under seal, in a closed courtroom. Likewise,
the Court concludes that the JMA itself should be
filed under seal. In this regard, the Court notes that
the closure of the courtroom and the sealing of the
document and testimony are narrowly tailored to include only the specific information which, if released,
would be detrimental to Qwest's business interest.
See Press–Enterprise, 464 U.S. at 510. The relevant
information has heretofore remained confidential and
would not become public but for its use in these proceedings. Other portions of the cross-examination
and redirect of Mr. Sutherland will be held in open
court and on the public record, as will all other appropriate portions of evidence in this proceeding.
Accordingly, it is this 29th day of April, 2002,
hereby
© 2011 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works.
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.
Why Is My Information Online?