POGUE v. BERRYHILL

Filing 15

MEMORANDUM DECISIONS AND ORDER : The decision of the Commissioner is AFFIRMED, this actions is DISMISSED, and the clerk is directed to close the file. Signed by MAGISTRATE JUDGE ELIZABETH M TIMOTHY on 8/11/2017. (alb)

Page 1 of 27

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA
PENSACOLA DIVISION
VERDIE POGUE,
Plaintiff,
vs.

Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

NANCY A. BERRYHILL,1
Acting Commissioner of Social Security,
Defendant.
______________________________/
MEMORANDUM DECISION AND ORDER
This case has been referred to the undersigned magistrate judge for disposition
pursuant to the authority of 28 U.S.C. § 636(c) and Fed. R. Civ. P. 73, based on the
parties’ consent to magistrate judge jurisdiction (see ECF Nos. 4, 5). It is now before
the court pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) of the Social Security Act (“the Act”), for
review of a final decision of the Commissioner of the Social Security Administration
(“Commissioner”) denying Plaintiff’s application for disability insurance benefits
(“DIB”) under Title II of the Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 401–34.

1

Nancy A. Berryhill became the Acting Commissioner of Social Security on January 23,
2017. Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(d), she is therefore automatically substituted for Carolyn W.
Colvin as the Defendant in this case.

Page 2 of 27

Upon review of the record before this court, it is the opinion of the undersigned
that the findings of fact and determinations of the Commissioner are supported by
substantial evidence; thus, the decision of the Commissioner should be affirmed.
I.

PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On October 29, 2012, Plaintiff filed an application for DIB, and in the

application he alleged disability beginning May 9, 2012 (tr. 14).2 His application was
denied initially and on reconsideration, and thereafter he requested a hearing before
an administrative law judge (“ALJ”). A hearing was held on March 27, 2014, and on
June 30, 2014, the ALJ issued a decision in which she found Plaintiff “not disabled”
as defined under the Act at any time through the date of her decision (tr. 14–32). The
Appeals Council subsequently denied Plaintiff’s request for review. Thus, the
decision of the ALJ stands as the final decision of the Commissioner, subject to
review in this court. Ingram v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 496 F.3d 1253, 1262
(11th Cir. 2007). This appeal followed.
II.

FINDINGS OF THE ALJ

2

All references to “tr.” refer to the transcript of Social Security Administration record filed
on May 3, 2016 (ECF No. 7). Moreover, the page numbers refer to those found on the lower righthand corner of each page of the transcript, as opposed to those assigned by the court’s electronic
docketing system or any other page numbers that may appear.
Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 3 of 27

In denying Plaintiff’s claims, the ALJ made the following relevant findings
(see tr. 14–32):
(a)
2016 ;

Plaintiff met the insured requirements of the Act through December 31,

3

(b) Plaintiff had not engaged in substantial gainful activity since May 9,
2012, the alleged onset date;
(c) Plaintiff had the following severe impairments: lumbar spine
spondylosis, dextroscoliosis and facet arthropathy; obesity; left knee pain; benign
essential hypertension; and esophageal reflux;
(d) Plaintiff did not have an impairment or combination of impairments that
meets or medically equals the severity of one of the listed impairments in 20 C.F.R.
Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1;
(e) Plaintiff had the residual functional capacity to perform a range of
sedentary work as defined in 20 C.F.R. § 404.1567(a). Plaintiff could lift/carry up
to 10 pounds occasionally and stand/walk for approximately two hours per 8-hour
workday. He could sit for approximately six hours per 8-hour workday, with normal
breaks. Plaintiff would need to alternate between sitting and standing at the work
station on an occasional basis. He would be unable to push/pull leg or foot controls.
Additionally, Plaintiff should avoid repetitive bending and twisting, and should not
bend over completely at the waist. However, he would be capable of leaning forward.
Plaintiff should also avoid climbing, crouching, kneeling or crawling. Plaintiff
should avoid operating dangerous moving machinery, working at unprotected heights
and driving automotive equipment. Due to pain, fatigue and the potential for
medicinal side effects, he could be expected to have deficits in concentration,
persistence or pace that could cause him to be off-task or unproductive up to 5
percent of the workday;

3

Thus, the time frame relevant to Plaintiff’s claim for DIB is May 9, 2012 (date of alleged
onset), through December 31, 2016 (date last insured).
Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 4 of 27

(f)

Plaintiff was unable to perform work he previously performed;

(g) Plaintiff was born on April 27, 1970, and was 42 years old, which was
defined as a younger individual aged 18–44 on the alleged disability onset date.
Plaintiff subsequently changed age category to a younger individual aged 45–49;
(h) Plaintiff had at least a high school education and was able to
communicate in English;
(i)
Transferability of job skills was not an issue because Plaintiff did not
have past relevant work;
(j)
Considering Plaintiff’s age, education, work experience, and residual
functional capacity, there were jobs that existed in significant numbers in the national
economy that Plaintiff could perform.
(k) Plaintiff was not under a disability, as defined in the Act, from May 9,
2012, through the date of the decision.
III.

STANDARD OF REVIEW
Review of the Commissioner’s final decision is limited to determining whether

the decision is supported by substantial evidence from the record and was a result of
the application of proper legal standards. Carnes v. Sullivan, 936 F.2d 1215, 1218
(11th Cir. 1991) (“[T]his Court may reverse the decision of the [Commissioner] only
when convinced that it is not supported by substantial evidence or that proper legal
standards were not applied.”); see also Lewis v. Callahan, 125 F.3d 1436, 1439 (11th
Cir. 1997); Walker v. Bowen, 826 F.2d 996, 999 (11th Cir. 1987). “A determination

Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 5 of 27

that is supported by substantial evidence may be meaningless . . . if it is coupled with
or derived from faulty legal principles.” Boyd v. Heckler, 704 F.2d 1207, 1209 (11th
Cir. 1983), superseded by statute on other grounds as stated in Elam v. R.R. Ret. Bd.,
921 F.2d 1210, 1214 (11th Cir. 1991). As long as proper legal standards were
applied, the Commissioner’s decision will not be disturbed if in light of the record as
a whole the decision appears to be supported by substantial evidence. 42 U.S.C.
§ 405(g); Falge v. Apfel, 150 F.3d 1320, 1322 (11th Cir. 1998); Lewis, 125 F.3d at
1439; Foote v. Chater, 67 F.3d 1553, 1560 (11th Cir. 1995). Substantial evidence is
more than a scintilla, but not a preponderance; it is “such relevant evidence as a
reasonable person would accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Richardson
v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401, 91 S. Ct. 1420, 1427, 28 L. Ed. 2d 842 (1971) (quoting
Consolidated Edison Co. v. NLRB, 305 U.S. 197, 59 S. Ct. 206, 217, 83 L. Ed. 126
(1938)); Lewis, 125 F.3d at 1439. The court may not decide the facts anew, reweigh
the evidence, or substitute its judgment for that of the Commissioner. Martin v.
Sullivan, 894 F.2d 1520, 1529 (11th Cir. 1990) (citations omitted). Even if the
evidence preponderates against the Commissioner’s decision, the decision must be
affirmed if supported by substantial evidence. Sewell v. Bowen, 792 F.2d 1065, 1067
(11th Cir. 1986).

Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 6 of 27

The Act defines a disability as an “inability to engage in any substantial gainful
activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment
which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last
for a continuous period of not less than 12 months.” 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A). To
qualify as a disability the physical or mental impairment must be so severe that the
claimant is not only unable to do his previous work, “but cannot, considering his age,
education, and work experience, engage in any other kind of substantial gainful work
which exists in the national economy.” Id. § 423(d)(2)(A). Pursuant to 20 C.F.R.
§ 404.1520(a)–(g), the Commissioner analyzes a disability claim in five steps:
1.

If the claimant is performing substantial gainful activity, he is not

disabled.
2.

If the claimant is not performing substantial gainful activity, his

impairments must be severe before he can be found disabled.
3.

If the claimant is not performing substantial gainful activity and he has

severe impairments that have lasted or are expected to last for a continuous period of
at least twelve months, and if his impairments meet or medically equal the criteria of
any impairment listed in 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1, the claimant is
presumed disabled without further inquiry.

Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 7 of 27

4.

If the claimant’s impairments do not prevent him from doing his past

relevant work, he is not disabled.
5.

Even if the claimant’s impairments prevent him from performing his past

relevant work, if other work exists in significant numbers in the national economy
that accommodates his RFC and vocational factors, he is not disabled.
The claimant bears the burden of establishing a severe impairment that keeps
him from performing his past work. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1512. If the claimant
establishes such an impairment, the burden shifts to the Commissioner at step five to
show the existence of other jobs in the national economy which, given the claimant’s
impairments, the claimant can perform. MacGregor v. Bowen, 786 F.2d 1050, 1052
(11th Cir. 1986). If the Commissioner carries this burden, the claimant must then
prove he cannot perform the work suggested by the Commissioner. Hale v. Bowen,
831 F.2d 1007, 1011 (11th Cir. 1987).
IV.

PLAINTIFF’S MEDICAL AND PERSONAL HISTORY
A.

Relevant Medical History4

4

As it is Plaintiff’s contention that the ALJ improperly discounted the weight or credibility
of Plaintiff’s testimony regarding his symptoms and limitations, the court focuses primarily but not
exclusively on those portions of the record that are cited by Plaintiff.
Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 8 of 27

A precipitating event for much of Plaintiff’s disability occurred on January 5,
2012, when Plaintiff, who was working as a high school custodian, injured his back
while throwing a trash bag into a receptacle (tr. 261). Plaintiff had not had chronic
back problems before the incident (id.). Plaintiff was seen by Cindy Behrens, M.D.,
on January 9, 2012, who diagnosed him with acute low back pain and a hemorrhoid
flare for which she prescribed Skelaxin, Naprosyn, and Proctosol HC cream (tr. 262).
Dr. Behrens also restricted him to pushing, pulling, and lifting a maximum of ten
pounds, and no repetitive bending, stooping, crawling, or kneeling; as the ALJ noted,
Dr. Behrens also stated that Plaintiff could return to work with these restrictions (tr.
262). Dr. Behrens saw Plaintiff again on January 16, 2012, and noted some palpable
tenderness of Plaintiff’s mid back that was aggravated by bending. Dr. Behrens
initiated physical therapy (tr. 263). On January 31, 2012, Plaintiff reported his back
pain was not much better, rating it at a six on a scale of one to ten, but that he was
continuing with his light duty work (tr. 264). An x-ray of Plaintiff’s lumbar spine
revealed degenerative endplate changes at L2, L3 and L5, and minimal sclerosis of
the inferior endplate of L2 (tr. 265). At a February 15, 2012, visit, Plaintiff stated his
pain was at an eight out of ten. He had continued his light duty work but stated he
was still doing a lot of work requiring use of his back muscles, which caused
stiffness. Dr. Behrens told Plaintiff to not work for three days, noting that a period

Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 9 of 27

of rest could help his back. She also ordered an MRI and referred him to physiatry
(tr. 266). The MRI, taken on March 12, 2012, showed limited spondylosis and facet
arthropathy at L3–L4 and L4–L5, mild mid lumbar dextroscoliosis, and a slight
bulged annulus posteriorly at L5–S1 (tr. 268).
Plaintiff also attended physical therapy sessions, beginning in January and
ending in March of 2012. Through ten sessions, Plaintiff’s progress or improvement
was limited due to episodic pain which made tolerating the sessions difficult (tr.
269–80). During the sessions, Plaintiff’s pain level would fluctuate from zero to
seven out of ten (tr. 278).
Plaintiff was also seen by Dr. Shane VerVoort, a physiatrist, for pain
management beginning in April 17, 2012. Plaintiff reported tightening in his back
caused by movement. Dr. VerVoort’s physical examination found tenderness in the
right L4-5 and L5-S1 facet joint regions and occasional, brief spasms with active
range of motion at the waist (tr. 437). Plaintiff reported a catching sensation in the
right low back area, and Dr. VerVoort noted altered spinal mechanics when Plaintiff
arose from a flexed position (id.). Dr. VerVoort’s impressions were mild multilevel
lumbar spondylosis and symptomatic right facet arthropathy, for which he prescribed
ibuprofen and Opana IR and restricted his work to lifting no more than ten pounds

Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 10 of 27

and no bending, twisting, or prolonged standing (tr. 438). On May 3, 2012, Dr.
VerVoort changed his prescription to OxyContin because of the “likely chronic nature
of his symptoms” (tr. 431).
On May 8, 2012, Dr. VerVoort completed a workers’ compensation form on
behalf of Plaintiff (tr. 427–30). Dr. VerVoort recommended that Plaintiff be limited
to standing no more than thirty minutes at a time and no more than four hours a day,
but in response to the question, “Is the employee unable to perform any of his/her job
functions due to the condition,” Dr. VerVoort answered “No” (tr. 428). When asked
on the form whether it might be medically necessary for Plaintiff to be absent from
work during flare-ups of his condition, Dr. VerVoort responded “possibly,” but when
asked to estimate the frequency and duration of the flare-ups over the next six
months, he responded “impossible to know” (tr. 429).
During a visit with Dr. VerVoort on May 17, 2012, Plaintiff stated that the
OxyContin was significantly helping his pain, although he still had pain flare-ups
during increased activity or during rainy weather (tr. 417). Plaintiff reported that he
took morphine sulfate about three times a week when he experienced breakthrough
pain (tr. 417). Plaintiff remained restricted to light duty work, which he seemed to
be tolerating well (id.). On a June 19, 2012, visit, Plaintiff reported constant aching

Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 11 of 27

in his lower back which forced him to frequently change positions and interfered with
his sleep (tr. 414). On a September 5, 2012, visit, Plaintiff informed Dr. VerVoort
that his employer would not allow him to return to his custodian job unless he could
resume full duty work (tr. 405).
On referral from Dr. VerVoort, Plaintiff began seeing Dr. Aaron Stein, a pain
management specialist, on June 22, 2012. Dr. Stein noted Plaintiff’s main complaint
to be pain in his low back and right leg, made worse by activity and made better with
ice and a warm, moist towel as a buffer (tr. 299).

Dr. Stein recommended

“[d]iagnostic medial branch blocks for treatment of pain related to arthropathy of the
posterior elements at Lumbar” (tr. 300). Dr. Stein provided that the injection therapy
was “necessary and indicated in order to return the patient to his high level of
functionality is [sic] possible and treat the patient’s ongoing pain symptoms” (tr.
301). Dr. Stein noted that Plaintiff had tried and failed conservative treatment (id.).
Plaintiff received his first injection on June 28, 2012 (tr. 294–95). Dr. Stein
noted that Plaintiff had 90 percent relief from his pre-block symptoms (tr. 293). A
second injection was performed on July 24, 2012 (tr. 290–92).

At his next

appointment with Dr. Stein on August 20, 2012, Plaintiff reported 60 percent relief
in his lower back pain. He also complained that his left side had begun to hurt; it was

Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 12 of 27

decided that in follow-up with Dr. VerVoort, Plaintiff would decide whether to have
injections on his left side (tr. 289).
At a September 5, 2012, appointment with Dr. VerVoort, treatment injections
for Plaintiff’s left side were approved. Dr. VerVoort noted that Plaintiff’s greatest
pain came during lumbar extension, and his extension mobility was restricted to ten
degrees. There was no leg weakness or numbness, however, and no radiating leg pain
(tr. 405). Dr. VerVoort maintained Plaintiff’s restriction to light duty work (tr. 405).
Subsequently, on September 20, 2012, Plaintiff received an injection at Dr. Stein’s
office (tr. 282–84).
Dr. VerVoort examined Plaintiff following the injection on September 27,
2012. Plaintiff reported that the injection helped his pain, but he still had pain after
twenty minutes of physical activity (tr. 395). Dr. VerVoort also completed an
Employee Work Status Form on that day, identifying the following restrictions for
Plaintiff: no pushing or pulling over twenty pounds; no work over the shoulder; no
repetitive twisting or bending at the waist; no prolonged bent-forward posture; no
repetitive or prolonged squatting or stooping; no kneeling, squatting, crawling, or
climbing; and no work at unprotected heights (tr. 396). Dr. VerVoort provided that
Plaintiff could return to work for eight hours per day under these restrictions (id.).

Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 13 of 27

On October 17, 2012, Dr. VerVoort completed a form for Plaintiff’s long-term
disability insurance carrier. He diagnosed lumbar degenerative disc disease as well
as marked obesity and diabetic neuropathy (tr. 391). Dr. VerVoort restricted Plaintiff
to lifting no more than ten pounds, no bending, and no standing for more than thirty
minutes at a time. Dr. VerVoort again stated that Plaintiff could return to work if
accommodations were made for the restrictions he identified (id.).
Plaintiff saw Dr. VerVoort on October 23, 2012. Plaintiff reported that the
OxyContin kept him awake at night and that he also experienced spasms at night, for
which Dr. VerVoort prescribed Flexeril (tr. 388). On November 20, 2012, Plaintiff
stated that he was benefitting from the Flexeril (tr. 382). Because of Plaintiff’s
difficulty sleeping, Dr. VerVoort switched him from OxyContin to Avinzan, which
was a once-a-day dose that Plaintiff could take in the morning (id.).
On December 3, 2012, Dr. VerVoort completed a questionnaire produced by
the workers’ compensation carrier (tr. 380–81). In it, he identified Plaintiff's
diagnosis as symptomatic lumbar facet arthropathy (tr. 380). Dr. VerVoort stated that
Plaintiff’s treatment plan consisted of annual lumbar injections and a long acting
narcotic for pain. Dr. VerVoort indicated that Plaintiff was capable of light duty, fulltime work, with no lifting over ten pounds and no bending at the waist (id.).

Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 14 of 27

On a follow-up visit on December 13, 2012, Plaintiff reported good results with
the initiation of Avinza (tr. 377). Plaintiff remained restricted to light duty (id.). On
January 15, 2013, Plaintiff reported to Dr. VerVoort that the Avinza was helping with
his pain but that he was taking his morphine sulfate for breakthrough pain two or
three times per day (tr. 370). During the visit, Plaintiff was able to demonstrate full
active forward flexion at the waist, but he had a pinching, low back pain when he
arose or bent backward (id.). Dr. VerVoort concluded that Plaintiff had reached
maximum medical improvement and assigned him a five percent whole person
impairment rating based on Florida Guidelines. Dr. VerVoort found Plaintiff
“clearly” to be capable of light duty work but with no repetitive bending or twisting
at the waist, no lifting over twenty pounds, no standing for more than one hour at a
time or for more than five hours per eight hour day, and no sitting for more than two
hours at a time or for more than six hours per eight hour day (id.).
On February 26, 2013, Plaintiff reported he was still having a lot of back pain
(tr. 468). Dr. VerVoort added a prescription of Amrix for Plaintiff to take in
combination with the Avinza. Dr. VerVoort noted that while Plaintiff still had pain
which interfered with his functioning, he acknowledged that the Avinza “reduces the
overall level of pain and improves his function and quality of life” (id.). On June 25,

Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 15 of 27

2013, Plaintiff reported to Dr. VerVoort that he was taking the morphine sulfate one
to three times a day for breakthrough pain (tr. 465). Because it had been nine months
since his last right lumbar facet RFA injection procedure, Dr. VerVoort referred
Plaintiff back to Dr. Stein for that purpose. Plaintiff subsequently received injections
in a two-stage approach at Dr. Stein’s office on August 1 and 15, 2013 (tr. 478–83).
Plaintiff then returned to Dr. VerVoort on September 17, 2013, and reported
that the injections did not help his back pain at all (tr. 463). On examination, Dr.
VerVoort noted that Plaintiff could heel and toe walk without weakness, that he
experienced the most back pain with lumbar extension, and that there was no
radiating leg pain but there were episodes of numbness and tingling in his thighs and
calves, which came and went primarily when he walked (id.). Dr. VerVoort
commented that these were probably referred symptoms, and he instructed Plaintiff
to contact him if he developed any permanent numbness or weakness in his legs (id.).
On October 15, 2013, Plaintiff again reported intermittent paresthesias of the
right leg that generally developed when he was upright and walking for a block (tr.
462). Plaintiff reported that he walks for exercise but can only walk about a block
before the paresthesias and back pain interfere (id.). Dr. VerVoort gave Plaintiff a
prescription for a YMCA membership so that he could participate in aquatic therapy,

Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 16 of 27

which Dr. VerVoort said would help him build strength and endurance and facilitate
weight loss (id.). Dr. VerVoort observed that overall Plaintiff was doing well and
that he would see him again in three months (id.). During another follow-up visit on
January 7, 2014, Plaintiff reported a lot of right leg pain and swelling (tr. 474). Dr.
VerVoort could not attribute this to any nerve impingement in his back, nor to any
treatment he had been provided (id.). Plaintiff also still showed “restricted lumbar
range of motion with flexion associated with tightness in his back and extension
causing some sharp, non-radiating low back pain” (id.). Dr. VerVoort increased
Plaintiff dosage of morphine sulphate (id.). Plaintiff stated that the medicine reduces
pain and improves function, and Dr. VerVoort said he would see Plaintiff again in
three months (id.).
Plaintiff was also seen by David Smith, M.D., on December 9, 2013, for a
primary care checkup. Dr. Smith referred Plaintiff to an orthopedist for treatment of
his knee pain, which involved swelling, limited range of motion, and gait disturbance
(tr. 486–88). Dr. Smith evaluated the severity as moderate (tr. 486). On a February
26, 2014, visit with Dr. Smith, Plaintiff again complained of swelling in his left knee,
for which Dr. Smith prescribed Medrol (tr. 484–85).

Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 17 of 27

On March 14, 2014, Plaintiff went to the emergency room at Baptist Hospital
with complaints of swelling in his left knee. He was found to have swelling in the
anterior left knee and mild pain with passive range of motion (tr. 491). Plaintiff was
given medications and told to follow up with Elise Gordon, M.D. (tr. 505, 508).
Plaintiff followed up with Dr. Gordon on March 25, 2014. He reported that his
symptoms began on March 1, 2014, and included pain, swelling, and loss of
movement (tr. 532). Plaintiff described his symptoms as moderate or severe and
worsening, and made worse by standing and walking (id.). Dr. Gordon’s examination
revealed a deceased range of motion secondary to pain with flexion reduced by thirty
degrees, but she noted that Plaintiff was in not acute distress (tr. 532–33). Dr.
Gordon diagnosed chronic pain and knee joint pain probably associated with
osteoarthritis (tr. 533). Plaintiff was to follow up with a Dr. Kujaswski and to avoid
running and jumping (id.).
B.

Personal History

Plaintiff testified at the hearing before the ALJ on March 27, 2014, as follows.
Plaintiff stated he last worked during May of 2012 as a custodian (tr. 44). Plaintiff
subsequently applied for a job as a custodian at a local hospital, but he was not hired
due to his restrictions and limitations, and many of the other jobs he saw required
training or certifications he did not have (tr. 44–45). Plaintiff stated he was not able
Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 18 of 27

to perform work on a sustained basis because of his pain level and problems with
standing for longer than twenty minutes—and for that reason he carries a cane (tr.
47–48).
As far as a daily routine (at or about the time of Plaintiff’s hearing), Plaintiff
stated that typically in the morning he, along with his mother’s help, gets his youngest
child ready for school (tr. 54–55). Plaintiff stated he then tries to wash clothes or the
dishes, but within twenty to thirty minutes he hurts so bad he needs to sit down (tr.
55). Plaintiff also tries to take walks because he has been medically directed to
exercise (id.).

Plaintiff previously did aerobic water exercise at the YMCA

swimming pool, and while it seemed like it was helping his back, he had to quit after
a month when his knee problems commenced (tr. 56–57). In the afternoon, Plaintiff
helps his children with their homework, and in the evenings he performs activities
such as tidying his room or folding clothes or helping with the cooking (tr. 58).
Plaintiff stated that he no longer attended church because he could not sit more than
twenty or thirty minutes at a time (tr. 59). About once per month, Plaintiff makes a
trip to the grocery store (tr. 59–60). Plaintiff stated he can lift a gallon of milk, but
with anything over fifteen to twenty pounds, he “start[s] feeling it” (tr. 63). Plaintiff
said that he can not bend or crawl and that driving is difficult when he is taking all
his medications, such as morphine and muscle relaxers (tr. 63–64). When asked if he
Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 19 of 27

felt he was able to return to work, Plaintiff responded that he was, but with limitations
(tr. 44).
V.

DISCUSSION
1.

Plaintiff first contends the ALJ erred by failing to reasonably address or

resolve a conflict between the testimony of the VE and applicable listings of the
DOT, as required by Social Security Ruling (“SSR”) 00-4p, before relying on the
VE’s testimony.
In determining that there were significant numbers of available jobs in the
national economy that the claimant could perform, the ALJ cited to the VE’s
testimony that one with Plaintiff’s RFC could perform the jobs of Surveillance
System Monitor, Order Clerk, Assembler Inspector, and Assembler of Small Products
(tr. 30–31, 71). Plaintiff asserts that a conflict between the DOT and the VE’s
testimony arose because, while the VE identified the occupations of Assembler
Inspector and Assembler of Small Products as being sedentary jobs, they were
actually listed in the DOT as light duty jobs, and while the VE identified the job of
Order Clerk as having a Specific Vocational Preparation (SVP) rating level of 2, the
DOT provided that it was 4.5

5

“Specific Vocational Preparation is defined as the amount of lapsed time required by a
typical worker to learn the techniques, acquire the information, and develop the facility needed for
Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 20 of 27

During the hearing, the ALJ asked the VE the following questions:
Q:
A:
Q:
A:
Q:
A:

Okay. Is all of your testimony consistent with the Dictionary of
Occupational Titles?
Yes, ma’am.
And with respect to the sit/stand option and the, the lifting of the,
you know, the light jobs, on what did you base those opinions?
I’ve been this [sic] for 30 years, Your Honor. I've seen most of
these jobs.
Okay. Thank you.
Professional experience.

(tr. 72).
Based upon the first question quoted above, Plaintiff contends that the VE’s
representation was faulty, and it led to the ALJ’s erroneous reliance upon it in her
decision. Defendant, on the other hand, argues that the VE’s answer to the second
question above, indicating for at least one aspect of his analysis—his evaluation of
Plaintiff’s sitting and standing capabilities—that he drew upon his professional
experience, somehow signaled to the ALJ that his testimony was in fact different from
what was listed in the DOT. The court, however, does not find that the VE’s
statement about his experience should be read to modify or override the VE’s
immediately preceding statement that all of his testimony was consistent with the

average performance in a specific job-worker situation.” See http://www.occupationalinfo.org
/appendxc_1.html (accessed on August 1, 2017). The higher the rating number is, the more
preparation time is needed for the job.
Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 21 of 27

DOT. Certainly both statements taken together can be true, that the VE’s conclusions
were consistent with the DOT and were based on his experience. After all, the reason
the first question is one that is routinely asked of VE’s is in order for an ALJ to learn
where any conflicts exist, and the VE’s answer in that regard should be taken at face
value absent clear evidence to the contrary.
Defendant additionally asserts that the ALJ atoned for the VE’s mistake by
making the following statement in her decision:
Pursuant to SSR 00-4p, the undersigned asked the vocational expert if
his testimony is consistent with the information contained in the
Dictionary of Occupational Titles. Although the vocational expert’s
testimony regarding some of the limitations in the residual functional
capacity is not specifically addressed by the Dictionary of Occupational
Titles, he testified that he based his opinions about those limitations on
his 30 years of professional experience and his observation of these jobs.
(tr. 31) (emphasis supplied). However, it is difficult to tell whether the ALJ’s
statement reflects an attempt to account for any inconsistency or irregularity in the
VE’s representation that his testimony was consistent with the DOT. In any event,
it is clear that the VE, whether prompted by the ALJ or not, did not reconcile or
explain on the record where or how his findings departed from what was in the DOT.6
6

See SSR 00-4P (S.S.A.), 2000 WL 1898704 at *2 (“Occupational evidence provided by
a VE or VS generally should be consistent with the occupational information supplied by the DOT.
When there is an apparent unresolved conflict between VE or VS evidence and the DOT, the
adjudicator must elicit a reasonable explanation for the conflict before relying on the VE or VS
evidence to support a determination or decision about whether the claimant is disabled. At the
Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 22 of 27

The conflict is of no moment, however. As the parties recognize, the VE’s
testimony conflicted with the DOT as it concerns the occupations of Assembler
Inspector, Assembler of Small Products, and Order Clerk,7 but the VE also testified
that Plaintiff could perform in the position of Surveillance System Monitor, for which
the VE found approximately 900,000 available jobs in the national economy, 45,000
jobs in the regional economy, and 4,000 in the state economy (tr. 30, 71). The ALJ
also referred to the VE’s testimony, in response to a further hypothetical, regarding
four other jobs, Information Clerk, Parking Lot Attendant, Mail Sorter, and House
Sitter, which would be appropriate for Plaintiff despite being classified as light work
because they did not require any lifting beyond what was described in the RFC (tr.
31, 69–70).
Thus, even if the VE’s stated inconsistencies with the DOT amounted to error,
the error would be harmless because there was sufficient evidence of other jobs in
significant number that Plaintiff could perform. See Thomas v. Comm’r of Social
Sec., 497 F. App’x 916, 920 (11th Cr. 2012) (finding harmless error where, despite

hearings level, as part of the adjudicator’s duty to fully develop the record, the adjudicator will
inquire, on the record, as to whether or not there is such consistency.”).
7

It should be noted that Defendant argues that the VE’s misstatement that the Order Clerk
position held a SVP of 2 when the DOT listed it at 4 was inconsequential because the ALJ’s RFC
finding did not include any SVP limitations.
Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 23 of 27

VE’s faulty testimony with regard to two available positions that were beyond the
claimant’s educational level, the VE testified as to two other jobs the claimant could
perform with at least 115,000 positions available nationally and 1,300 available in
Florida); Johnson v. Comm’r of Social Security, 2014 WL 12623026, 2014 WL
12623026, at *5 (M.D. Fla. Sep. 9, 2014) (VE’s error with regard to one available job
found non-prejudicial because VE testified as to two other positions with sufficient
available jobs); Williams v. Astrue, No. 2:08–cv–477–FtM–29SPC, 2009 WL
2045339, at *3 (M.D. Fla. July 8, 2009) (VE’s testimony as to position with 100,000
jobs available nationwide, 6,000 available statewide, and 200 locally, held sufficient
despite conflicts in the VE’s testimony regarding other available jobs); see also Gould
v. Colvin, No. 16–004S, 2017 WL 979026, at *6 (D.R.I. Jan. 25, 2017) (collecting
cases). As compared with these cited cases, the numbers of Surveillance System
Monitor positions available for Plaintiff in the instant case are clearly ample enough
to render any error by the VE harmless.
2.

Plaintiff next asserts that the ALJ’s findings concerning the intensity,

persistence and limiting effects of his symptoms—chiefly, pain—and discounting
them as “not entirely credible,” were in error. The ALJ thoroughly reviewed the
medical record in this case, and although Plaintiff recounts much of the same medical
records, pointing out instances where Plaintiff complained about debilitating pain
Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 24 of 27

during his medical visits, this effort does not countermand the fact that the ALJ’s
conclusions are firmly supported by substantial evidence in the record.
A claimant may establish that he has a disability through his own testimony
regarding his pain or other subjective symptoms. Dyer v. Barnhart, 395 F.3d 1206,
1210 (11th Cir. 2005) (per curiam). In such a case, the claimant must show: (1)
evidence of an underlying medical condition, and either (a) objective medical
evidence that confirms the severity of the alleged pain arising from that condition, or
(b) that the objectively determined medical condition is of such a severity that it can
be reasonably expected to give rise to the alleged pain. Id.
If, as here, the ALJ determines under the latter prong of the standard that the
claimant has a medically determinable impairment that could reasonably be expected
to produce the pain, she must then evaluate the extent to which the intensity and
persistence of the pain limits the claimant’s ability to work. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1529(b).
The ALJ may consider the claimant’s history, the medical signs and laboratory
findings, the claimant’s statements, statements by treating and non-treating
physicians, and other evidence relating to how the pain affects the claimant’s daily
activities and ability to work. § 404.1529(c). “While both the Regulations and the
Hand [v. Bowen, 793 F.2d 275, 276 (11th Cir. 1986)] standard require objective
medical evidence of a condition that could reasonably be expected to cause the pain
Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 25 of 27

alleged, neither requires objective proof of the pain itself.” Elam, 921 F.2d at 1215.
“[P]ain alone can be disabling, even when its existence is unsupported by objective
evidence.” Foote v. Chater, 67 F.3d 1553, 1561 (11th Cir. 1995) (citations omitted).
The presence or absence of evidence to support symptoms of the severity claimed,
however, is a factor to be considered. Marbury v. Sullivan, 957 F.2d 837, 839–40
(11th Cir. 1992); Tieniber v. Heckler, 720 F.2d 1251, 1253 (11th Cir. 1983). When
evidence of pain derives from the subjective testimony of the claimant or other
personal witnesses, “and a credibility determination is, therefore, a critical factor in
the Secretary’s decision, the ALJ must either explicitly discredit such testimony or
the implication must be so clear as to amount to a specific credibility finding.”
Tieniber, 720 F.2d at 1255.
Here, the ALJ found that Plaintiff’s impairments could reasonably be expected
to cause some of his pain and other symptoms, but she found Plaintiff not to be
entirely credible as far as the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of his
symptoms (tr. 18). In finding that Plaintiff had the RFC to perform a range of
sedentary work, the ALJ noted that on multiple occasions in the record, Plaintiff’s
treating physicians uniformly stated that he could return to work (tr. 29). The ALJ
placed significant weight on the opinion of Dr. VerVoort, and while Dr. VerVoort
placed certain limitations on sitting, standing, walking, bending, and lifting, the ALJ
Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 26 of 27

accommodated for these limitations in her RFC assessment (tr. 26, 29). The ALJ also
noted that Dr. Behrens’ opinions, that Plaintiff could return to work with similar
limitations, were also consistent with her RFC assessment—although, as the ALJ
recognized, Dr. Behren’s opinions were given prior to the alleged onset date. The
ALJ also remarked upon the fact that, after seeing Plaintiff for his knee problem, Dr.
Gordon’s only restriction was for Plaintiff to avoid running and jumping (tr. 29).
Additionally, the ALJ’s limitations included accommodations, such as allowing for
deficits in concentration, persistence and pace, in recognition of the fact that
Plaintiff’s use of potent medications might cause side effects (tr. 26).
Moreover, the ALJ discussed the fact that, as Plaintiff testified, in applying for
unemployment compensation benefits, Plaintiff certified that was ready and able to
become employed (tr. 26). Indeed, when asked directly by the ALJ whether he felt
able to return to work, Plaintiff replied that he was, “with limitations” (id.). Finally,
although the ALJ noted that Plaintiff’s obesity was a longstanding problem that
preceded his onset date, the ALJ accounted for the fact that obesity might compound
his difficulties (tr. 28).
In sum, the court finds that the ALJ considered Plaintiff’s testimony regarding
his pain and properly discounted it as inconsistent with the medical and other
evidence in the record which consistently reflected Plaintiff’s ability to work within
Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT

Page 27 of 27

the confines of the limitations the ALJ identified. Thus, the ALJ’s decision with
regard to Plaintiff’s credibility was supported by ample substantive evidence.
VI.

CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the Commissioner’s decision is supported by

substantial evidence and should not be disturbed. 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Lewis, 125 F.
3d at 1439; Foote, 67 F.3d at1560. Furthermore, Plaintiff has failed to show that the
ALJ applied improper legal standards, erred in making her findings, or that any other
ground for reversal exists.
Accordingly, it is ORDERED that:
1.

Nancy A. Berryhill is substituted for Carolyn W. Colvin as Defendant

in this action.
2.

The decision of the Commissioner is AFFIRMED, this action is

DISMISSED, and the clerk is directed to close the file.
At Pensacola, Florida this 11th day of August 2017.

/s/ Elizabeth M. Timothy
ELIZABETH M. TIMOTHY
CHIEF UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

Case No.: 3:16cv81/EMT