Boardwalk Brothers Inc. et al v. Satz

Filing 25

ORDER denying 5 Plaintiffs' Motion for Preliminary Injunction. Signed by Judge James I. Cohn on 6/4/2013. (npd)

UNI
TED STATES DI
STRI CO URT
CT
SO UTHERN DI
STRI OF FLO RI
CT
DA
CASE NO .1361089- V- HN/
Cl CO
SELTZER
BOARDW ALK BROTHERS,I . a
NC ,
Fl i cor aton and PLAY I AGAI
orda por i
T
N
FLA,LLC,a Fl i lm ied l ly com pany,
orda i t i i
abit
Pl ntfs,
ai if
VS.

MI
CHAEL SATZ,St e Ator f t 17t
at t ney or he h
Judi alCicui,i and f t St e ofFl i
ci r t n
or he at
orda,
Def
endant
.

ORDER DENYI PLAI FFS'MO TI FO R PRELI I
NG
NTI
ON
M NARY I
NJUNCTI N
O
THI CAUSE i bef e t Coud upon Pl ntfs'Moton f Pr i i y
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s or he
ai if
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lj ncin ( 5 (Mot '. Th Cour h c e ul c sd edt Mot Def an
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' on )
t as ar f l on ier he i
y
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n e i s pon e DE 2) ' nol ie p en, en t c ael
be

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t s p e DE 3) 1 t sp s ' ait f ' y DE 9J 1 y' t e
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)
f
'
)
ar
gumentofcounselatt M ay 31,2013 hearng,t r d i t case,and i
he
i he ecor n he
s
ot w i advi i t pr i
her se
sed n he em ses.
L BACKG ROUND
On Aprl18,2013,Pl ntfs Boar
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at e
udes fom t
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y
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o
Def
endantSat s notce ofr oval See DE 1- at17z'
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it
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2 201 Pl n isfl t e i t tMot whc s ek a pr i n yij nci
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enoi ng en oremento t e s a u e.A c y o t e Compl n and t e Mot wer
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l
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endantM i
chaelSat , St e Ator f t 17t Judi al
z at t ney or he
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he or
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endantSat was per
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ai

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endantSat r oved t case t t s Cour on M ay 1 , 2013. Notce ofRem oval
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( 1 .On Ma 1 201 t Cour gr t t Semiol Trb o Flrdas (sem i e
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y 5, 3,he
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Gr tn t e Semiol Tr o Fl i sMo i t It v e ( 4)
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onal
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t defnii of' er
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te
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t a. a . 49. 61 h ound h a. a .
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1 ( )a) s a al c s i ton b aus t s oi or agu
y
t
s3 en t
Sat and Sem i e Trbe oppose t M oton.
z
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I.DI
I SCUSSI N
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A.LegalSt
andar
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Fe al oc e gov nswhe h a pr i i yij c i i appr pra e i t s
der pr edur er
t er el nar nun t s
m
on
o it n hi
c s See F r o v As oca e Ma er s l c.923 F. 1
a e.
erer . s it d t i n ,
al
2d 441,1 ( 1 h Ci 1 91 .
448 1 t r 9 )
.

To ob ai a pr i i y ij c i a pait fmu te t ih: 1 a sub t t I el oo
t n el nar nun t
m
on, l n i s s abl ( )
f
s
s an i i i d
al k h
ofs c es o t e mers' 2)a su t t t ea ofir ar l ij yit de en ti
uc s n h
i,
t (
bsan i hr t rep abe nur f he f dan s
al

n tenoied;( )t e t r t ed ij yt t e pl n i out gh t h m an ij nci
o j n 3 h h eaen nur o h ait f wei s he ar
f
nu t
on

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t
hou
aitf aie ddi al on t u i al h l
f
i
t
en
o a. a .
8 1 i t ei Compl n , h Mot i I i s el t wh t Fl St t j
49. 61 n h r
ait t e i s i t ol y o e her a. a .
on m ed
8 1 ( )a i v d f v guen s, d t erf e, t erenoi
49. 61 1 ( ) s oi or a
es an h e or whe h
j nmen o t e en i
t f h te
r
s at e i pr
t ut s oper See Sat Response at4. Accor ngl t Coud wilr rctis
.
z
di y, he
l esti t

an y ss el t whe herFl St t j 8 1 ( )a)i v d f v ene s.
alsi ol y o t
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mayc e d en t an ( t ij tonwoul n tdis v t publ it e t Se
aus ef dan ' d 4) he nunci
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est i t no setofcicum st
abl hat
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ances exi s underwhi t Ac woul be val ' I
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i y,
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As
al t ed, he d-orvagueness docti r r t a penal
y
rne equies hat
st ut defne t crm i ofense wih sufi entdefnieness t or nar peopl can
at e i he i nal f
t
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it
hat di y
e
under and whatconducti pr bi and i a m annert does notencour
st
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ed
n
hat
age

ar tar and di i i or enf cem ent' Gonzal v.Car
bir y
scrm nat y or
.
'
es
had,550 U. 124,148S.
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docti t r r entt a I sl ur est i m i m al delnes t gover I
rne-he equiem
hat egi at e abl
sh ni gui i
o
n aw

enf cem ent ... her t I sl ur f l t pr de such m i m algui i
or
. W
e he egi at e ai o ovi
s
ni
del
nes,a

c i nal t t t ma per ta san dls s
rmi s a u e y mi t dar e s weep (h )al pol emen, os cu or
t at l
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c
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an j i t puruet ei peronal r l ton ' Kol der 461 U. a 3 ( t n
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t
' alvagueness occur when a st ut i utery devoi ofa st
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Faci
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at e s t l
d
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conductso t i si pl has no cor and cannotbe val y appl t any conduc .
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e
i
dl
i o
ed
t'

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gh ' me I c.
s
673 2d 225,1 ( 1h Ci. 82) Ho ver '
228 1 t r19 . we ,'
i
f
per
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easonabl i eli
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gence can derve a cor m eani fom a s at e,t t
i
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ng r
t ut hen he

enact
mentm ay val y be appl t conductwihi t m eani and t possi ly ofa
i
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i o
ed
t n hat
ng
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bit
i
val appl i necessarl pr udes f ali i t ' I go Room .I ,710 F. at
i
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1 02 ( ot Bu ee, 73 F.d a 1 28 ( t n qu a i mar s omiedl.Ast e
3 qu i
ng sb 6
2 t 2 i er al ot t
n
on k
t )
t
h
El
event Cicui has r
h r t
ecenty s at
l t ed:

E he c 'e e s s a u esf v en sc er sonl wh a Iian al ges
t oud ' viwl) t t t or agu es onc n y en ig t l
l
r
t
e
a constt i
iutonalhar . Bank
m '
'
shotBii ds,634 F. at1349.These har s com e
lar
l
3d
m
i t f m s.'n t fr f m ,a per vi at t vague l i i c ed,and
n wo or
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son ol es he
aw, s ndit
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hen
he ral
t o sm ss he ndi m
. gui hat
d
r eie notce t hi conduc was pr i ' I The constt i
ec v
i hat s
t
oscrbed. d.
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iutonalhar i
m n
t s cont i 'he deprvaton ofIbedy. l at1349- The second f m i
hi
ext s '
t
i i
i
' d.
'
50.
or s
i pl ed when a I i
m i
cat
igantask t cour t r ew a vague s at e bef e i i
t
s he
t o evi
t ut
or t s
enf ced.I at1350.Such cl m s ar r ewed because 'he I i
or
d.
ai
e evi
d iganti chied
t t
s l
l
fom engagi i cons iutonal pr ec ed ac ii .jI Thus, he second t of
r
ng n
tt i l ot t
y
tv t ' d.
y
'
t
ype
vagueness chal
l
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'
pr des aw- di tzens wih a m i e-oad bet
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ddl r
ween
f ng pr
aci
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i
efai ng r
her se
iutonalconduct'I I
. d. f
'
one oft t cons iutonalhar del
he wo
tt i
ms i ed above i i pl ed, he coud
neat
sm i
cat t
I
ooks t w het t or nanc 'or ds orr r t doi ofan ac i t m s
o
her he di
e f bi
equies he ng
t n er
so vague t men ofcom m on i elgenc m ustnec
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nt l
i
e
essarl guess atis
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y
t
m eani and dif as t is appl i 'Ga,Pac.Com .v.OccupatonalSaf y &
ng
fer o t
i on.
cat '
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et

He t Re e Comm' 25 F.d 9 1 ( 1 hCi 1 4)( t n qu t i
aI viw
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n,
3 99, 005 1 t r 99 i er al o at
.
n
on
mar somied)
k
t .
t
l g Room.Ic.710 F.d at1 (o n e omied)
ndio
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301 f ot ot t .
t
5

B. het Pl ntfs Can Rai a Faci Chalenge t t St ut
W
her ai if
se
al
l
o he at e,

I t e Mot Pl n isc t t at he ar ent ld t a p el nar ij c i
nh
i
on, ait f onend h t y e ie o r i
f
t
mi y nun t
on
enoi ng en oremen o Fl St t j 8 1 b aus s ton849.61 1 ( i v df
j ni f c
t f a. a . 49. 61 ec e eci
1 ( )a) s oi or
vagueness, Moton at2. As s at above,Pl ntfs r se a f alchal
i
t ed
ai if ai
aci
l
enge t t
o he

s at e. See i at6. Specii l Pl ntfs ar t t excl on of' no- yl
t ut
d.
4
fcal
y, ai if gue hat he
usi
'
casi st e
gam es i whi t out e i det m i by f t s unpr ct e by t pl
n ch he com s er ned
ac or
edi abl
he ayeror
gam es i w hi t pl
n ch he ayerm ay notcontol he out
r t
come oft gam e t ough ski'fom
he
hr
l' r
l
t defnii of' us
he i ton '
am ementgam es orm achi 's voi f vagueness. M oton at2.
nes'i d or
i

Asa r ul Pl n is c t d t at he ' e s j tt ares an pr ec ton un a
es t ait f onen h t y ' ubec o r t d os u i
,
f
ar
der
l sl ie r m e t f l t pr de t defni
egi atv egi hat ai o ovi he i t
s
eness t i r r i crm i
hat s equied n i nal

s a u e ' I at5.Addion l b aus s ton849. 61 1 ( )i v d f v ene s,
t t t s. d.
'
t al ec e eci
i y,
1 ( )a s oi or agu s

Pl n is p it att en iey o Fl St . 849. 61sh d be en one b au t e
ait f ost h he tr t f a. at j
f
1
oul
j i d ec se her
i no sever ly cl
s
abii ause i t s at t and t st ut s subpars ar i
t
n he t u e
he at e'
t e ncapabl of
e

Addii l as Def
tonal
y,
endantSem i e Trbe poi s out t s case does not
nol i
nt
, hi
i ve an as- i chal
nvol
appl
ed
l
enge because Pl ntfs have f l t devel t f ual
ai i
f
ai o
ed
op he act
r d necessar t sust n an as- i chal
ecor
yo
ai
appl
ed
l
enge. See Sem i e Trbe Response at
nol i

1,
0.
Geor acary. n,Ic. Geor a, F.d 1 44,1 5 n. ( 1h Ci, 2)
gi r or n v. ci 687 3 2
25 20 1 t r 201
( o ig t ate en i an a - id c al e c be r s i a pr - f c
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ee
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egatons
y
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Because such a chal
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, gue hat ai i
f

on a f al l
aci chal
enge t t s at e.
o he t ut

The St t o Fl ia (St t ' pr hiist us orpo s son o sotmac i s.
ae f ord ' a e' o bt he e
'
)
s es i f l
hne

Se Fl St . 8 1 ( )a) I or ert al w t op a i ofc t i ar a games
e a. at j 49. 5 1 ( . n d o l he er ton eran c de
o
,
t I sl ur cr ed a saf har t t gener pr bii agai oper i ofsl
he egi at e eat
e bor o he
al ohi ton
nst
aton
ot

mac n Fl St t j 8 1 See Saz Res s at2 ( in Rowe v.Cn y. fDuv ,
hies: a. a . 49.61.
t
pon e
ct g
i
t o
al
9 So. 526, ( a.Dit Ct Ap 2 ).Fl St t j 849. 61( )a)pr vi :
75 2d
527 FI s . . p. 008 ) a. a .
1 1 ( o des
' usementgam es orm achi ' eans gam es whi oper e by m eans oft
Am
nes'm
ch
at
he
i ton ofa coi and whi by appl i ofskilm ay entte t per
nseri
n,
ch
i on
cat
l
il he
son
pl ng oroper i t gam e ormachi t r eie poi s orcoupons,t cost
ayi
atng he
ne o ec v
nt
he
val ofwhi does notexc
ue
ch
eed 75 cent on any gam e pl
s
ayed,w hi m ay be
ch
exchanged f m er
or
chandi The t m does noti ude casi st e gam es i
se.
er
ncl
no- yl
n
whi t out e i det m i by f or unpr ct e by t pl
ch he com s er ned
act s
edi abl
he ayeror
gam es i whi t pl
n
ch he ayerm ay notcontol he out e oft gam e t ough
r t
com
he
hr
ihi.
;tl
l

Fl St t j 8 1 ( )a) AsDe en tSat d c ies, hs s f h bort es n
a. a . 49.61 1 ( .
f dan z es rb t i a e ar '
do ot
isel pr bi any conduct i m er y car outcerai gam es fom t sl - achi
t f ohi t
't
,
el
ves
tn
r
he otm
ne
pr bii ' Sat Response at3. Thus,a gam e f l out de t defnii of
ohi ton.
' z
al
s si he
i ton

' s
' emen games ormac n 'f'iidoes n top ae b t i eri ofa c n; i
amu
t
hies'i ')t
(
o er t y he ns t
on
oi (i
)
i awar poi s orcoupons wodh mor t sevent fve c s on any gam e pl
t
ds nt
e han
y-i ent
ayed'
,

an (i ii a c sio sye g
d i) ts a n - t l ame. l
i
' d.
'
To be successf on a f al
ul
aci chal
l
enge t t s s at e,Pl ntfs ' ustest i
o hi t ut
ai if '
m
abl
sh
t no setofcicumst es exit underw hi t Actwoul be val ' I go Room ,
hat
r
anc
ss
ch he
d
i ' ndi
d.
710 F. at1302. $ f al
3d
' aci chal
A
l
enge t a I sl i acti ofcour t m os di i t
o egi atve
s,
se, he
t f cul
f
chal
l
enge t m ountsucces ul si t chal
o
sf l nce he
y,
l
engerm ustes abl t no setof
t i hat
sh

cr u t c exs sun whi t e ( c woud b v i ' Uni d St esv. o 3
ic ms an es it der ch h alt l e al
d. t at Brwn, 64
e
7

F.d 1 6,1 68 ( 1 hCi. 4)( tn Saer o, U. a 7 .Her De en t
3 26 2 1 t r 200 quo ig l n 481 S. t 45)
e, f dan
Sem i e Trbe ar
nol i
gues t Pl ntfs cannotsucceed on a f alchal
hat ai i
f
aci
l
enge because

'jhe c e me n of h Ac i ( eas t der el)Fl i ha a pol y ofn
l
l
or anig t e ts ) y o i : or
v
da s
i
c
ot
per i i m i s t gam bl ' Sem i e Trbe Response at11. Accor ng t t
m t ng nor o
t
e.
'
nol i
di o he

Sem i e Trbe,t st ut i i ended t ensur t casi s yl games ar not
nol i he at e s nt
o
e hat
no- t e
e
avai e i ar
l
abl n cades,busi
nesses whi cat t m i s. I Def
ch er o nor d.
endantSat al
z so
ar
gues t Pl ntfs cannotr se a f alchal
hat ai if
ai
aci
l
enge t t st ut because ' ai if
o he at e
s ntfs
pl
cannotdemons r e t t I
tat hat he aw-even wih t al
t he l
egedl vague pr si
y
ovi ons-i i
s ncapabl
e
ofconstt i
iutonalappl i ' Sat Response at8. Forexam pl Def
i on.
cat
z
e, endantSat
z

ar
gues,i a busi
f
ness oper ed gam e m achi t pr de poi s orcoupons wodh
at
nes hat ovi
nt
m or t sevent fve cent t m achi woul f lout de t saf har ,t
e han
y-i
s, he
nes
d al si he e
bor hus
dem onstatng t t st ut can be constt i l appl
r i hat he at e
iutonal
y
i See i at8- Si i l
ed.
d.
9. m l y,
ar

ia game ma ie wasoper ed b cr tc d,p erc r y ors
f
chn
at y edi ar ap urenc
ome ot erobec ,t
h
j ti
woul f lout de t saf har .Thus,t Cour agr w ih Def
d al si he e
bor
he
t ees t
endantSat t
z hat
t e ar cons iutonalappl i oft st ut and Pl ntfs have f l t m eett r
her e
tt i
i ons he at e
cat
ai if
ai o
ed
hei
bur ofest i ng t t st ut coul neverbe val
den
abl
shi hat he at e
d
i
d.
Thi r ti suppoded by r
s esul s
ecentEl
event Cicui pr
h r t ecedent l I go Room v.
. n ndi
Ci ofFor Myer f exam pl t El
t
y
t
s, or
e, he event Cicui hel t a s at e t r at
h r t d hat t ut hat egul ed
t adm i ance ofunder i vi s i o al
he
t
t
age ndi dual nt cohol bever est i ent was not
i
c
age abl
shm s
f al i i 710 F. at1302. Specii l t cour f
aci l nval
y
d.
3d
fcal he
y,
t ound t t pl ntf had
hat he ai i
f

f ld t esabl ht tt e s a u e wa f i l iv i wher $a c e me n c be
ai o t i ha h t t t s acal n al
e
s
y
d
e ' ) or anig an
(
derved fom t Or nanc ati
i
r he di
e ssue- i vi s undert age of21 ar notper ied
ndi dual
he
e
mt
t
i al
n cohol bever
i
c
age est i ent i t Ci ofFor Myer ' I Si i l i
abl
shm s n he t
y
t
s. d. m l y, n
'
ar
8

Geor acary. r l v.G eom i a cas cied by Def
ni
r o g, nc.
a,
e t
endantSat t El
z, he event Cicui
h r t
hel t a f al
d hat aci chal
l
enge t a Geor a I pr bii fr m s i cedai pl
o
gi aw ohi tng iear n
n aces such
as houses ofwor p f l because t I was capabl of'
shi ai
ed
he aw
e ' er constt i
num ous
iutonal
appl i ' 687 F. at1266. Forexam pl a prvat house ofwor p woul be
i ons.
cat
'
3d
e, i e
shi
d
abl t pr bi I
e o ohi t i
cense hol s fom caryi fr m s on t rpr
der r
r ng iear
hei opedy. I at1261.
d.

Because Pl ntfs her have si i l f l t est i t t e ar no setof
ai if
e
m l y ai o abl hat her e
ar
ed
sh

ci ums an es u erwhih Fl St t j 8 1 woul be c s i ton ,heif i
r t c nd
c
c a. a . 49. 61
d
on t u i alt r acal
t
chal
l
enge f l
ai
s.
Next Def
, endantSat ar
z gues t Pl ntfs' aci chal
hat ai i f al l
f
enge al f l because
so ai
s
t cannotpr t t I does notcl l covert rconduc . Sat Response at
hey
ove hat he aw
eary
hei
t
z
910. Def
endantSat poi s outt Pl ntfs have f l t pr de det l r
z nt
hat ai if
ai o ovi
ed
ai egar ng
s
di
t rbusi
hei
nesses orot wi demons r e t 'he chal
her se
tat hat '
t
l
enged pr si have any
ovi ons
appl l y t t rbusi
i i o hei
cabit
nesses. Sat Respons at10. The Coud agr wih t s
'
' z
e
ees t hi
ass
essm ent The Com pl ntst es t Pl ntf Boar
.
ai at hat ai if
dwal Br her I oper es 60
k ot s, nc.
at

' s
' emen mac n game ' Compl1 2.Pl n i Ply IAg n Fl LL oper t
amu
t hie
s.
'
.1
ait f a t ai a, C
f
aes
105 ' usem entgam e machi ' 4.1 3.The Com pl ntf l t descrbe whatt
l
am
nes. / 1
ai ai o
s
i
ype
.

ofg
amest e pr vi oro her s adi lt wh Pl n isf t eywi be s j t o
h y o de t wie cua e y ait f ear h
f
l ubec t
l
pr ecuton undert r sed st ut w hi t si ulaneousl cl m t have oper ed
os
i
he evi
at e
l hey m t
e
y ai o
at

i c f mi wi a pr i sv sonoft e s a u e. See i $ 8. $ pait f
n on or t t
y h evou er i
h ttt
d.
' l n i who
A
f
engages i som e conductt i cl l pr i cannotcom pl n oft vagueness
n
hat s eary oscrbed
ai
he
oft I as appl t t conductofot s. A coud shoul t ef e exam i t
he aw
i o he
ed
her
d her or
ne he

c pl nants conductbef e anal ng ot hypot i appl i oft I .
om ai '
or
yzi
her
hetcal
i ons he aw '
cat

Via o Ho f Es at v, isi Ho f Es a e I .455 U. 489, 5 ( 98
l ge f fman t es Fl de. fman t t s. nc ,
l
p
S.
49 1 2)
9

(oo noe omie .Ac or n y, v t e l t d r or r dig Pl n is'
f t t
t d) c digl gien h i e ec d egar n ait f
t
mi
f
busi
nesses, he Coud cannotdet m i whet t chalenged pr si even appl
t
er ne
her he
l
ovi on
i
es
t Pl n i s'busi
o aitf
f
nesses. Thus,Pl ntfs have f l t dem onstat t t can r se
ai i
f
ai o
ed
r e hat hey
ai
a f al
aci chal
l
enge.

C.W het Pl ntfs Have M ett St
her ai if
he andar f Pr i i v I unctve Relef
d or elm nar ni
i
i .
Even i Pl nt f coul r se a f alchal
f ai i s
f
d ai
aci
l
enge t t st ut Def
o he at e, endant ar
s gue
t deni oft M oton woul stlbe pr
hat
al he
i
d i
l
operbecause Pl ntfs have f l t m eett
ai if
ai o
ed
he

s an d f pr i n yij t e r i .See Semi e Trb Re
t dar or el ar nunci el
mi
v ef
nol ie spon e at4 1 , t
s
- 0* z
Sa
Response at1120. l t M oton,Pl ntfs concl i st e t t have
n he
i
ai if
usorl at hat hey
y

e t bl hedt el t f a pr i n yij nci . See Mo i a 6. For he r s
sa i
s
he emen s or el ar n u ton
mi
ton t
t ea ons
di
scussed bel t Coud agr wih Def
ow, he
ees t
endant t Pl ntfs have f l t m eet
s hat ai if
ai o
ed

t e sand d f isu e o a p el na y ij ci
h t ar ors anc f r i r n un t
mi
on.
1. het Pl ntfs Have a Subst i Li i
W
her ai i
f
antal kel
hood ofSuccess on t M ert
he
i
s.
Def
endantSem i e Trbe cont
nol i
ends t Pl ntfs cannotest i a Ik i
hat ai if
abl
sh iel
hood
ofsuccess on t m ert on t rvagueness cl m sbecause t st ut i '
he
i
s
hei
ai
he at e s not

uncons iutonal vague.
tt i l
y
'
'Sem i e Trbe Response at7. Def
nol i
endantSat si iary
z mll

ar
gues t t chal
hat he
l
enged phr i notvoi f vagueness because 'he cor m eani
ase s
d or
'
t
e
ng
oft am ended s at e i appar . Sat Response at13. The Coud fnds t
he
t ut s
ent' z
i
hat
Pl ntfs have f l t demons r e a l i
ai if
ai o
ed
tat i hood ofsucc on t m ert oft r
kel
ess
he
is hei

v gu sscai bec s Fl St . 849. 61 1 ( )i n un ons i t l v e.
a ene l m
au e a. at j
1 ( )a s ot c t u i y agu
t onal
Def
endan Semiol Trbe dicu s t e p el n y ij c i el
t
n e i s s es h r i ar nun t
mi
on ement
s

f aI al
or I l i i t Com pl nt As st ed pr ousl t Coud has confned is
egatons n he
ai .
at
evi y, he
i
t

an y i sol yt Pl n is cai t atFl St t j 8 1 1 ( i v d f v en s
alss el o ait f' l m h a. a . 49. 61( )a) s oi or agu es ,
f
t sol cl m r sed i t Moton.
he e ai ai
n he
i
10

A st ut i notvoi f vagueness wher 'he m eani oft wor used t
at e s
d or
ed
t
ng
he
ds
o

d c ie t e ( er isbl)c
es rb h i m s i e ondu tc b a er n f r byr er et j di al
mp
c an e sc t ed ail ef enc o u ci
ai
y
deci ons,com m on I ,di i i and t wor t
si
aw ctonares,
he
ds hemseles because t possess
v
hey
a com mon and gener l accept meani ' Uni St es v.Eckhar ,
al
y
ed
ng.
' t
ed at
dt 466 F. 938,
3d

9 ( 1h Ci. 6)(i i s an it na quo a i mar s o ied) As b0 h
44 1 t r 200 ct on d n er l t t
at
on k m t .
t
t
Def
endant poi out phr
s nt , ases si i t ' come i det m i by f or
m l o out
ar
s er ned
act s
unpr c abl by t pl er and '
edit e
he ay '
'
'
games i whi t pl
n ch he ayerm ay notcontolt
r he
out
come oft game t ough skil have pr ousl been consi ed by Fl i couds.
he
hr
l'
'
evi y
der
orda

See Sat Response at13.Sem i e Trbe Respons at7. I Deeb v.St am ie,53
z
,
nol i
e
n
out r

So. 873 ( a.1 51 , h Fl i Supr Cour it pr ed t e phr e ' el t
2d
Fl 9 ) t e or
da
eme
tn er et h
as '
any emen
ofchance orofot out e ofsuch oper i unpr ct e by hi . I at874. I
her com
aton
edi abl
m ' d.
'
n
hol ng t a m echani bowlng machi was prm arl a gam e ofskilt coud
di hat
cal
i
ne
i i
y
l, he
obser t :
ved hat
I t I anal s,we m ustdeci t nat e oft r twhi i
n he ast
ysi
de he
ur
he esul
ch s
unpr c abl by t pl .Cedai y t out e ofany gam e ataIdependent
edit e
he ayer
nl he com
I
upon t exer se ofhum an ski i essental unpr ct e.I t s wer notso,
he
ci
ls
l
il
y
edi abl f hi
e
m at gam es Ik gol and tap shootng w oul r l be dr y,m onot
ch
ie f
r
i
d eal
y
ear
onous
afais.
f r
Is
t eem s t ust i
o
hat nasm uch as t m achi isel i on ti ,so t speak,i
he
ne t f s
ral
o
t
shoul notbe condem ned unl t s el
d
ess hi ementofunpr ct l y i i enti i.
edi abit s nher n t
i
Tr t pl
ue, he ayerwhen he ' tvat t devie by i
ac i es' he
c
nsedi hi coi cannot
ng s n
pr ctwhatscor he wi m ake;butfom t st
edi
e
l
l
r
he andpoi oft m achi t e i
nt he
ne her s
no occasi even t pr ctt t e wi be an accur e r staton ofhi
on
o edi hat her l
l
at egi r i
s
contol t puck as t pl
r of he
s
he ayersl
i t
des hem expedl ori
y nexperl t
ty owar t
d he
sprngs f m i cont w ih t scor
i
or ng
act t he
eboar Such i a c
d.
s edai y.
nt
I i ourt
ts
houghtt t el entofunpr ct ly i notsuppl because a
hat he em
edi abii s
t
i
ed
pl
ayerm ay notbe sur w hatscor he can accom plsh,butt i m ustbe
e
e
i
hat t
i enti t m achi ...
nher n he
ne.

W e concl t i t pr
ude hat n he ocess fom t i
r
he nsedi ofa coi untl he I puck
on
n it ast
11

has been sl dow n t al t scor t al has notdepended on chance or
i
d
he l he
ey,
e ot ed
ot r tunpr ct e by t pl ,exceptsuch chance orunpr ct ly
her esul
edi abl
he ayer
edi abit
i
as i taceabl t hi own ski,whi we i er ett I nott m ean,as
sr
eo s
l
l ch
nt pr he aw
o
ditngui
s i shed fom t chance orunpr ct ly oft mechani ,whi we
r
he
edi abii
t
he
sm
ch
cons r t I t pr i
tue he aw o oscrbe.

I a 8 - Addion l i St e v.Br war Ven ng.Ic.696 So. 8 ( a.Dit
d, t 74 75.
t al n at
i y
o d di n ,
2d 51 Fl s .

Ct App.1 7) t Fourh DititCour o App h d t a wh e 'he ga i s tt
.
99 ,he
t sr
c
t f eal el h t er t
me s e o
ply i elan t r c d a c t n wi/ s r i , .. t el tofc c i iher t
a t f d o e or erai n l at ) . he emen
s
os ol
han e s n en
i t gam e. I at852. These prorFl i cases cl l putPl ntfs on notce oft
n he
' d.
'
i orda
eary
ai if
i
he
m eani oft phr ' come i det m i by f t s unpr c abl by t pl
ng he ase '
out
s er ned
ac or
edit e
he ayeror

gam es i w hi t pl
n ch he ayerm ay notcontol he out
r t
come oft gam e t ough skil' See
he
hr
l'
.

Fl St . 8 1 ( )a) s alo Madi v. oy 700 F. 1 2,1 6- 7 ( t Ci.
a. at j 49. 61 1 ( ' ee s
,
n Ll d,
3d 3 3 3 4 h r
201 ( ol ng t a p i Sou h Car i c se it p e ig wh h a d c i a '
2) h di h t ror t
ol a s ner r tn et er evie s d
na
game
ofchanc 'dem ons r e $a pl nl I tm at sweep'and m or t
e'
tat ' ai y egii e
d
e han a concei e
vabl
appl aton,whi i aI t i r r t sur ve a f alchal
i i
c
ch s I hat s equied o vi
aci
l
enge t a crm i st ut
o
i nal at e

wh e c t u i al iht ar n i l at n.As, h Fou Ci uis a e i Madi
er onsi ton rg s e ot mpi ed.
t
c
)
t e dh r t t t d n
c
n
v.Ll
oyd,'
' bl i pl es no cons iutonal pr ect rght' 700 F. at135
gam i m i
ng
cat
tt i l ot ed i .
y
'
3d

( tn Uni Sat v.Edg Br ad.Co. 509 U. 41 42 ( 9 ) Addion l,a
quo ig t
ed es
e o
,
S. 8, 6 1 93).
t al s
i y
t El
he event Cicui obs ved i BankshotBii ds,I v.Ci ofOcal 634 F. 1340
h r t er
n
lar nc.
l
t
y
a,
3d

( 1h Ci. 1 , pl n i wh i c l d fom c
1 t r 201 ) a ait f o s hie r ondu t a bu nes ac ii i whih he
f
l
ci
ng
si s t t n c
vy
on e en ed f l t demon ta e a c t u i alnur l at1
c gag ai o
s
s r t onsi ton ij y. d. 350.
t
I r
n esponse t Def
o
endant crtci t t Com pl ntf l t i pl e any
s' ii sm hat he
ai ai o m i
s
cat
constt i
iutonalrght however Pl ntfs have am ended t Com pl ntt asser t t
i s,
, ai if
he
ai o
t hat hey
have a speci r atonshi wih seni cii
al el i
p t
or tzens w ho patoni t rar
r ze hei cades and t
hat
enf c entoft st ut ' es t
or em
he at e '
deni hose cii
tzens t rFistAm endmentrght of
hei r
i s
12

as o a i ' Am .
s cit
on.
Comp. 1 5.As mig ar en t Pl n is hav san n t
l! 3.
su n gu do hat ait f e t dig o
f
brng a sui on behal oft rpatons hi t Cour hi y doubt -pl ntfs hav
i
t
f hei r -w ch he
t ghl
s6 ai if
e
f l t demonstat t t st ut vi at t rpatons'FistAm endm entrghtt
ai o
ed
r e hat he at e ol es hei r
r
i o

'
'
associ i f soci pur es. See Repl at6. Fist i i doubtult patons who
aton or al pos '
'
y
? r ,t s
f hat r
The Coud i notper
s
suaded by Pl ntfs'r i
ai if el
ance on Cr c v.Bor 429
ai
en,

U. 1 ( 97 ,ort e pr sion t tt ey h e sandi t c l e a sat t
S, 90 1 6) f h opo t ha h av t ng o hal
i
eng t ue
whi i rnges t rcus om er constt i
ch nfi
hei t
s'
iutonalrghtt associ i See Repl at6i o
aton.
y
8.
As t Supr e Cour hel i Capln & Dr
he
em
t dn
i
ysdal Charer v.Unied St es,491 U.
e.
t ed
t
at
S.

61 ( 98 : I h a p s oren i s k san n t a anc t e c siu i
7 1 9) 'wl en er on
ty ee s t dig o dv e h on t t
t
t onal
r t o o h s, as t qu ton fr t h t e Ii ts f ed s
i s f t er we k wo esi s: i , as h igan ufer ome ij y i-ac ,
gh
s
t
nur-n f t
adequat t satsf A di e ll case- - r sy r r
e o i y cl l'
s
orcontover equiement and second,do
,
'
pr
udentalconsi atons whi we have i ii i ourprorcases poi t per itng
i
der i
ch
dentfed n
i
nt o m ti
t li
he igantt advance t cl m ?'l at624 n. As di
t
o
he ai ' d.
3.
scussed i Sec i C. i r
n
ton 2, nfa,

Pl n isha e f l t demon ta e a c gniabe ij y.Ad ton l Pl n is h e
ait f v ai o
f
ed
s r t o z l nur
di al aitf av
i y,
f
f l t est i t pr
ai o abl hat udentalconsi atons suppor t rbrngi t s acton on
ed
sh
i
der i
t hei i ng hi i
behal oft rseni cii cust
f hei
or tzen
omer See Capln & Dr
s.
i
vsdal Chader 491 U. at
e,
ed,
S.

6 n. (Th s on i iyt pr den i o -s mo e di i l To an wert s
24 3 ' e ec d nqur -he u t ne i r f cut
'
al
f .
s hi

queston,ourcases have l
i
ooked att ee f or t r atonshi oft Ii
hr act s: he el i
p
he i gantt t
t
o he
per w hose rght ar bei asseded;t abii oft per t advance hi ow n
son
i s e ng
he ly he son o
t
s

r t 'a t e i c oft li tonon t r pad it ess. .Ther i no evden e
i s, nd h mpa t he iga i
gh
t
hi
d- y ner t '
)
es
i c
bef e t Coud t Pl ntfs' orcii cust er ar unabl t brng sui on t r
or he
hat ai if seni tzen
om s e
e o i
t hei
ow n behal,i t so desie. M or
f f hey
r
eover unl t pl ntf cust er i Cr c,who
, i he ai irs
ke
om s n ai
wer deni t rghtt obt n t beerundert chal
e
ed he i o ai o
he
l
enged Okl
ahom a st ut i
at e,f
Pl ntfs'cus omer desie t associ e and pl ' no- yl gam es, t need onl
ai if
t
s
r o
at
ay '
casi st e
' hey
y
go t one ofFl i s I l aut i casi t do so. Thus,Pl ntfs' aiur t
o
orda' egal
y- horzed
nos o
ai if f l e o

d
emon ta e a c s i ton ij yon b fo t rs i ct en cu t s
s r t on t u i alnur
t
ehal f hei enor iz
i
s omer
demon ta e t a t ey l k/? t risandi
s r t s h t h ac ts e t t ng.
i
Accor ng t t Supr
di o he
eme Coud:
O urdeci ons have r ered t const utonal pr ect dr
si
ef r o
i i l ot ed s eedom ofassoci i '
t
y
f
aton'
i t di i tsenses.l one I ofdeci ons,t Coud has concl
n wo stnc
n
i
ne
si
he
uded t
hat
choi t ent i o and m ai ai cerai i i at hum an r atonshi m ustbe
ces o er nt
nt n t n ntm e
el i
ps
secur agai tundue i r on by t St e because oft r e ofsuch
ed
ns
ntusi
he at
he ol
r atonshi i saf
el i
ps n eguar ng t i vi
di he ndi dualfeedom t i centalt our
r
hat s
r o
cons iutonalschem e.I t s r
tt i
n hi espec , r
t feedom ofassoci i r ves pr ecton
aton ecei
ot i
as a f
undam ent el entofper
al em
sonalI
i
bedy.I anot setofdeci ons,t
n
her
si
he
Cour has r
t
ecogni a rghtt associ e f t pur
zed i o
at or he
pose ofengagi i t
ng n hose
ac i tes pr ec ed by t FistAm endm ent speech,assem bl petton f t
tvii
ot t
he r
y, ii or he
r ess ofgrevances,and t exer se ofr i on.The Constt i guar ees
edr
i
he
ci
el
gi
iuton
ant
feedom ofassoci i oft s ki as an i spensabl means ofpr vi
r
aton hi nd
ndi
e
eser ng
13

ar unabl t fequentPl ntfs'
e
e o r
ai if com mer alest i ent wil f any Fist
ci
abl
shm s lsufer
r

Amen
dmen har
t m,As t e Supr Coud,n Ci ofDal s v St i sat 'i i
h
eme
i t
y
l . angl t ed,'l s
a
n,
lt
cl beyond cavit dance- lpatons, ho m ay num ber1, on any gi ni ,
ear
l hat
hal r
w
000
ven ght
ar notengaged i t sor of' i at hum an r atonshi r ered t i Robeds.
e
n he t i m e
nt
el i
ps' ef r o n
'

490 U. a 2 , ee alo Rob t , U. a 621( l n t a I al ay e c ap er
S. t 4.
s
s
ers 468 S. t
hodig h t oc J c es' h t s
w hi wer ' t sm al norsel i '
ch e ' her
nei
l
ectve'and whose d i t cental o t f m aton and
' vi
act y
r t he or i
m ai enance oft associ i i ves t pari paton ofstanger ' e notentted
nt
he
aton nvol
he
tci i
r
s'wer
il

t c t ut al o eci r dig t ei decsi t ex lde women . Sec
o onsi i pr t ton egar n h r i on o cu
t on
)
ond,
Pl ntfs have f l t adi at how t st ut pr
ai i
f
ai o cul e
ed
he at e event t rpatons fom
s hei
r
r

associ i w ih one anot , ven t t s at e does notpr
atng t
her gi
hat he t ut
eventseni cii
or tzens
ot i vi
her ndi dualI
i es.
bedi

Rob t v.U. J c es, U. 609, 7- 8 ( 98 . Iapp st tPl n if ar
ers
S. ay e 468 S.
61 1 1 4) t ear ha aitfs e
r si a feedom ofassoci i undert fr tf ofcases descrbed above. See
ai ng r
aton
he is i
ne
i

Repl a 6.To t e ex e tt tPl n isc t t tt ei pa r s eno s
y t
h t n ha ait f on end ha h r ton j y ome rgh t
f
i to
e r sv as o at t sar
xp es ie s ci i hi gumen ha b s ar y rj c ed byt e Su eme
on,
t s een qu el e e t
h pr
Coud:
ass
l o nor
s
The Dal or nance r rct atendance atCl E dance hal t m i s
l di
as
esti s t
8
tn
ed
t t hus i t he
m
bet
ween t ages of14 and 1 and cerai except aduls.l t I is t
he
m i s'abit t danc wih adul w ho m ay notatend,and i Im ist
nor
ly o
i
e t
t
s
t
t i t he
oppoduniy ofsuch aduls t dance wih m i s.These oppodunii m i be
t
t o
t nor
tes ght
descrbed as S
i
'
associ i 'i com m on parance,butt si pl do noti ve
atonal n
'
l
hey m y
nvol
t sod ofexpr v associ i t t FistAmendm enthas been hel t
he
essie
aton hat he r
do
pr ect The hundr oft
ot .
eds eenager w ho congr e each ni att s pari ar
s
egat
ght hi
tcul
dance halar notm em ber ofany or zed associ i ,t ar patons of
l e
s
gani
aton' hey e r
t sam e busi
he
ness es abl ent Mostar s r
t i
shm .
e tanger t one anot ,and t
so
her
he
dance haladm is al who ar wii t pay t adm i on f Ther i no
l
t I
e lng o
l
he
ssi ee.
es
sugges i t t
ton hat hese patons dake posii on publ ques i 'orperor any
r
s
t
tons
i
c
tons'
f m
oft ot si i ac i tes descrbed i Boar ofDiect s ofRot y
he her m l
ar tvii
i
n
d
r or
ar
I er i
nt natonalv.Rot y Cl ofDuare,481 U. 537,548,107 S. .1940,1947,
ar ub
t
S.
Ct

9 L. 2 474 ( 98 .
5 Ed.d
1 7)
Ci o Dal v. angl 490 U. 1 2 25 ( 9 .
t f l St i
v
as
n,
S. 9, 4- 1 89)
14

fom congr i el
r
egatng sewher i Pl nt f busi
e f ai i s' nesses ar cl
f
e osed. M or
'
eover t e i
, her s
no evi
dence bef e t Cour t enf cem entoft s at e woul f ce Pl ntfs out
or he
t hat or
he t ut
d or
ai if
ofbusi
ness and pr
eventpatons fom associ i att rest i ent l ead,t
r
r
atng
hei abl
shm s. nst
he
s at e m er y I i t t
t ut
el i t he ypes ofgam es t m i be ofer And even it st ut
m s
hat ght
f ed.
f he at e

di f c Pl n i ou ofbu n s, ct en enoy a con t u i r tt pl
d ore ait
#s t
sies no iz
i
j s
si t
t onal i o ay
gh
am usementgam es. See M ari 700 F. at135. Fi l as di
9
tn,
3d
nal
y,
scussed i Secton B,
n
i
supr t chal
a, he
l
enged st ut i notvague i alis appl i
at e s
n It
i ons. BankshotBii ds,
cat
lar
l

I ,634 F. at1352 n. Accor ngl Pl ntfs have f l t dem onstat a
nc.
3d
18.
di y, ai i
f
ai o
ed
re
l i
i hood ofsuccess on t rvagueness cl m as t t s phr
kel
hei
ai
o hi
ase.

The Coud al agr wih Def
so ees t
endant t Pl ntfs have f l t es abl a
s hat ai if
ai o t i
ed
sh
I i
i hood ofsuccess on t m ert on t rvagueness chal
kel
he
is
hei
l
enge r
egar ng t phr
di he
ase

S no- yl gam es.'See Sat Response at1 15,Sem i e Trbe Response at8.
'
casi st e
'
z
4- *
nol i
Alhough Pl ntfs cont t t s phr e i '
t
ai i
f
end hat hi
as s '
obscur and per exi 'M oton at4,
e
pl ng,
' i
Pl ntfs al conc
ai if so
ede t t Cour m ay l t a t m ' com m on oror nar m eani
hat he
t
ook o er s
di y
ng

t de ie i l ( in St e v. ch s, 2 So. 1 21 1 ( a.Dit CtApp.
o fn t d. ct g at Ni ol 89
.
i
2d 2 , 227 FI s . .

20 ) The phr e ' asn sye ga 'h ac
05).
as ' io-t l mes' as ommon oror n ymeanig t ati
c
diar
n h s
k o t t g a p a i See Ec har t 466 F.d a 9 ( dig t ata sat t
n wn o he ener l opulton.
k d,
3 t 44 hol n h
t ue
i notvague wher dhe wor t sel ...possess a com m on and gener l
s
e'
t
ds hem ves
al
y

a c t meanig. . l io- t e games'ef st t e t esofgamest atar
c ep ed
n n i n syl
) cas
'r er o h yp
h e

l shoul be not however t Pl nt f have notal
t
d
ed,
, hat ai i s
f
l
eged t t
hat he
st ut has f ced t
at e
or
hem t shutert rbusi
o
t hei
nesses.
9
Addii l as di
tonal
y,
scussed i Foot e 6,supr i seni cii
n
not
a,f
or tzens desie t
r o
associ e and pl d no- yl gam es, t m ay stl m eetatI
at
ay '
casi st e
' hey
'
i
l
ocalcasi t do so.
nos o
15

c m onl pl
om
y ayed i a casi See St e ex r Chwika v.Audi 260 N. .2d 279,
n
no.
at
el
r
no,
W

28 (owa 1 )(idi t t' asn t e games' e ga su as bl kack c ap
4I
977 fn ng ha ' io yp
c
'ar mes ch
ac j , r s,
and r ete) Thu bec us t i t m h a c
oul t . s, a e hs er as ommon and or nar meanig,igie
di y
n t vs
t publ f rnotce r di w hatgam es f lout de oft s at e' saf har .
he
i ai i egar ng
c
al si
he t ut s e bor
See Busbee,673 F. at1229.
2d
The bestevi
dence t t t m ' no- yl gam es'i notvague,as Def
hat he er s
casi st e
's
endant

Sem i e Trbe poi s out i t t r at phr ' no- yl gam i '
nol i
nt
, s hat he el ed ase '
casi st e
ng'appear i
sn

Pl ntf Pl iAgai Fl LLC' m ar i m at i s. See Exhi tB t t Sem i e
ai if ay t
n a,
S
ketng
eral
bi o he
nol

Tr s Res on e ( 1 24 It s ph as wasas' oi ofmeani 'Repl a 2,
i
be'
p s DE 2- , f hi r e
' d
dev
ng,
' y t as
Pl ntfs cont
ai i
f
end,Pl ntf Pl i Agai Fl LLC woul notutl i wihi is
ai if ay t
n a,
d
ii t t n t
ze

adv sem ent Cl l atI one pl ntf bel
edi
s. eary, east
ai if i
eves t t aver per
hat he
age son
t i ogi or ai if o gue hat he
under ands whatt phr means. Thus,i defes I c f Pl ntfs t ar t t
st
he
ase
phr S no- yl games'i vague. Accor ngl Pl ntfs have f l t
ase '
casi st e
's
di y, ai if
ai o
ed

dem onstat a I el
re i i
k hood ofsuccess on t m ert as t t rvagueness cl m r di
he
i
s
o hei
ai egar ng
t s phr
hi
ase.

2.W het Pl ntfs Fac a Subst i Thr ofIr
her ai i
f
e
antal eat renar e I ur
abl ni y.

To be en ied t ij c ie r if Pl n ism u tesabl t t yf e an
t l o nun t el , ait f s t i hat he ac
t
v e
f
sh
ir par bl ij y. Mor v , h as ede ir a e ij y ' s b n t err t
re a e nur
eo ert e s d repar bl nur s t e ei emo e
mu
h
n s ec a ie, ta t and i n t' Sigel L e, 4 F.d 11 11 ( 1 h
or p ult bu c ual mmien . e v. epor 23 3 63, 76 1 t
v
'
Ci. 0) Bot De enda sas ed t a Pl n is h e f i t d
r 200 , h f nt s h t ait f av al o emon tat an ij y,
f
ed
s r e y n ur
I aon an ir par e ij r . See Sa z Res ons a 1 . i e Trb Res s a
et l e re abl n u y
t
p e t 7,Sem nol ie
pon e t

4.Th Coud agr
e
ees.Al ou Pl n isav t a t ey d e s b ec t are ta
t gh ait f er h t h t u j t o r s nd
h
f
ar
pr
osecuton, M oton at5,t al al i t rCom pl ntt t ram usem ent
i ' i
'
hey so l n hei
ege
ai hat hei
16

cent s l pl wih t f m erand pr entI sl i descrpton'ofar
er '
com y t he or
es egi atve
ii '
cade

amu emen c t s. Compl1 1 Th ,ti un e t t e Cour ex t wh tpe o
s
t en er
.1 0. us i s clar o h
t ac l at y f
y

g
amesPl nt f op at an wh t y mi b su j tt are tun t e s a ut
ai i s er e d y he ght e bec o r s der h t t e.
f
Addional as Def
t
i l
y,
endantSat poi s out Pl ntfs'
z nt
, ai if deci on nott engage i f m er
si
o
n or
busi
ness ac i t based upon t exi ence oft s at e does not s andi al
tvi
y
he st
he t ut
, t ng one,

c t u e a c t u i aln u y e Sat Res s at1 ( in Ba s tBii d
onsi t onsi ton ij r .Se
t
t
z pon e 8 ct g nk ho lar s,
i
l
I .634 F.d a 1 51 .W i ta f ng o a I el ood o and c ual nd i n t
nc,
3 t3 ) t
hou i
ndi f i i
k h
f ' t a mmien '
a
'

ir abl ij r pr i nar ij c ie r i i i r er See Si , 4 F. a 11 6
repar e n u y, el
mi y nun t el s mp op .
v ef
egel23 3d t 7
(si f an l ev i Pl n isesabf h a I el od o s c es ont mer s,he
' gnic t en f aitf t i i i
l i y,
f
s k ho f u c s he i t
t

ab enc o a su t i l el ood o i ep abl ij r woul s andi al mak
s e f bsant i i
al k h
f r ar e nu y
r
d, t ng one, e
p el n yij c ie r ifi o .) Ac or ngl t s f t rd n s pod
r i ar nun t el mpr pern. c di y,hi ac o oes ot up
mi
v
e
is c ofa pr i iar ij c in.
s uan e
el n y nun to
m
3.W het t Bal e oft Eguii W ei i Favorofa Pr i i v I uncton.
her he anc
he
tes
gh n
elm nar ni i

Def dan Sat ar est tPl n isc
en t z gu ha aitf anno esabl ht a t ei ij y ou weihs
f
t t i h t h r nur t g
s
t har t t St e,padi ary gi t Pl ntfs have f l t dem onstat a
he m o he at
cul l ven hat ai if
ai o
ed
r e

c z l ij y Se Sa zResp s a 1 Asdicu s abo e, h Cour fn t at
ogniabe nur . e t
on e t 8.
s s ed v t e
t ids h

Pl ni s h v f l t demon ta e t a t eywi suf an i n tij y i
aitf a e ai o
f
ed
srt h t h
l fer mmien nur f
l
en o c
f r emen of he sat t i n enoied.Ad ton l e eni Pl n is f aro
t t t ue s ot j n
di al v f aitf ' e f
i y,
f

pr ec t di c s i t a c gnz bl ij y t sij ywoud n out gh t e St t s
os u i d on t u e o ia e nur , hi nur
on
t
l ot wei h a e'
it es . Bec s g
ner t
au e ambl g lal it a c t gor o 'ie' c ii 'i ' an be,an
i ' l no a e y f vc a t t 'td q
n fs
v y, cl
d
fequenty has been,banned al
r
l
t her' Edge Br
oget .
oad.Co. 509 U. at426. Thus, he
,
S.
t

St e has a si fcanti er ti pr i ng t behavi r at i t st ut
at
gnii
nt es n oscrbi he
or egul ed n he at e.
Pl ntfs have f l t adi at any i er t have whi overi t St e'
ai if
aied o cul e
nt est hey
ch
rdes he at s
17

subst i i er ti r atng gam bl
antal nt es n egul i
i
ng.

4.W het an I uncton W oul Ser t Publ I er t
her ni i
d
ve he
i nt es .
c
Fi l bot Def
nal
y, h
endant cont t Pl ntfs have f l t es abl t an
s
end hat ai i
f
ai o t i hat
ed
sh

ij t wi ben it pubi it es . See Sat Res s at20,Sem i e Trb
nunci l ef he l n er t
on l
t
c
z pon e
.
nol ie
Response at10. Fort r
he easons di
scussed above,t Cour fnds t Pl ntfs have
he
ti
hat ai if
f l t m eett rbur t est i t s el ent As Def
ai o
ed
hei
den o abl hi em .
sh
endantSem i e Trbe
nol i

p n sou ,Fl St t j 849.61' en t t r gul et op at o s i- s
oit t a. a .
1 '
was aced o e at he er i f klba ed
on
l
ar
cade gam es ofer atspecii ar
f ed
fed cade am usem entcent s and tuck st i t
er
r
ops f hey
com pl wih t r r ent ofI and was notpr ded as a vehi e f t conduc
y t he equiem s aw
ovi
cl or he
t

ofc si - t l gambl ' Semiol Tr Res s at1 ( uot Ch. 3- L
a no sye
i
ng.
n e i
be pon e 0 q i
ng 201 2, aws
o Fl i j 14).Acc digl t e St t hasan i
f or
da ( )
or n y, h a e
mpodan p i i er ti I tn
t ubl nt es n i ig
c
mi
gam bl and pr
i
ng
eventng m i s fom gam bl Thus,t publ i er tdoes not
i
nor r
i
ng.
he
i nt es
c

f orenoi to t sat t
av j nmen f he t ue.
11 CONCLUSI N
1.
O
Based on t f egoi i i O RDERED AND ADJUDGED as f l
he or ng, t s
ol
ows:

Pl n is Mo i f Pr i i y Ij nc i I 5)i DENI
ait f' ton or el nar n u t DE s
f
m
on
ED;
2.

On orbef e June 10,2013,t pari ar diect t m eetand conf
or
he tes e r ed o
er
r di t schedul oft s case;and
egar ng he
i
ng hi

3.

O n orbef e June 12,2013,t pari shalsubm i t t Coud a pr
or
he tes
l
t o he
oposed

s h i or whi i lde da esf j n ofp es,
c edul der ch ncu s t or oider adi amen
ng
dment
of
pl ngs,f and exped di
eadi
act
scover m otons t excl orI i exper
y, i
o
ude i t
m
t

t tmon , s siv mot s, at mot i I n j n pr ti
es i y dipo t e i medi i
i
on
on, i n i e,oit e ral
ons mi
stpul i subm i on ofdeposii desi i f ti ,cal
i aton,
ssi
ton
gnatons or ral endarcal,and ti
l
ral
1
8

dat I t pari bel t any oft above deadl i i
e. f he tes i
eve hat
he
i
nes s nappr i e f
oprat or
t s cas t shoul so i cat i t pr
hi
e, hey
d
ndi e n he oposed sche

I or .
ng der

DO NE AND O RDERED i Cham ber atFor Lau r e,Fl i on t s
n
s
t
dal orda, hi

dayofJune,2013.
;
,

ê

JAME 1 COHN
.
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