Locicero v. INTRUST Bank, N.A. et al

Filing 53

ORDER granting in part and denying in part 35 Joint Motion to Dismiss 31 Amended Complaint for Failure to State a Claim. Amended Complaint due by 9/28/2018. Signed by Judge Darrin P. Gayles on 9/12/2018. See attached document for full details. (ls)

UNI
TED STATES DI
STRI COURT
CT
SOUTHERN DI
STRI OF FLORI
CT
DA
CASE N O.1 61 4- V7- 48 CI GAYLES
FRANCI
SCA D.
LOCI
CERO, a .
et 1,
Pl n if ,
ai t f s
VS.

I
NTRU ST BA N K , . . e a .
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me
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opy he r r yme
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0 ) s d n rl, o t o ie n ti yo h a e f he o an nd o u n s
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ant s
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3

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a nt
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h
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te e o ole t
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Puruant ot t r soft Loa Agr eme , f nda I r s e e
s t he e m
he n e nt De e nt nt u t xt ndedc edtt Pl ntf
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pt
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ç
)
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a ntf le s ha he n
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tans to ' nd a Go n- nd c e tta a ton. Ther quie e sf c os e a ope e
r aci n'a n tpe e r di r ns c i '
'
e r m nt or l ed- nd nd n- nd
c edi ta a to dif r An ope e c e tta a ton pr de f rm uli epur ha e wihi a
r t r ns ci ns fe .
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c ss t n
c ra n tm e pe i ie. a c e tc r whe ea a c os e c edi ta a ton i ve a sngl
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e e i ofc e t TheLoanAg e m e ti l saçshoppi Pa s' c a c dngt istr ,
xt nson r di.
r e n ncude ç
ng s 'whi h, c or i o t e ms
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r t a d, nc udi n cc mt
r n
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r' antf i ans hatas e ul f he
ng ss r di- ar i e mr s

4

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ntu t ekuie o ompl t he çdi r
ountbiiy
s l ur t
nd
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t s t
Gr nsk and t Cr di Se v ce Or
ee y
he e t r i
gani aton A c
z i
t

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ai if le ha ee
c e s r t e vce r ni ton, s ha e m s fne

i Flrd ' Cr dtSe vc Or a iain Ac (1
n o i as e i r ie g n z to t ç
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)
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us s
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oh fn a t, e ks e lr tr u g n h t e ns y s o o le t h o ia
h
CSOA a t tt Loa Agr e e wa ne r c umm a e a t r f e,i t nf ce bl
nd ha he
n
e m nt s ve ons
t d nd, he e or s me or a e.

Co n II sacam f r e tt ina du j s e ih n a ans b t De e d n s Co n I alg s
u tI i li o r si o n n u t m- me t g i t oh fn a t. u tV le e
m
c
av oaino t eF o iaCS Fl. tt j81 .0 , t e .a an t oh De e d n s Comt
i lto f h l rd OA, a Sa . 77 01 e s q , g is b t f n a t. t V,
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gai t t
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olton he orda ns r e t ot ci
t Fl St t

j5 95 , t e .(TCCPA' .Pli t f e ksad ca ai nt a al x e i n o ce i arn e b
5 .5 e s q,$
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r
pt ii d ag t de t CSO A a FCCPA . D e e nt ha m ove t di m i sa 1c a m s
m tve am es m r he
nd
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5

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ep r o e f to o imis ie u s n t d rlk l f v l o e t 2 b ( )
r
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ue r t s s a
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apt ha al
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o tt
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n c ei f a
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o e u e ()2 , c e ur s ç o t n li ttme t f h li ho n h th la e
s
i e tt dt r l f' Al u h ac mpan c aln e b aRue 1 ( )6 moint ds s d e
s nil o ei ' t g o lit h le g d y l 2 b ( ) to o imis o s
e
e
ho
no ne d deaied f c u al gai ,apli ifi silo i a e t pr de t lg ounds'f rhi
t e t l a t al le tons
antf s tl blg t d o oki he tr
' o s

e ilme t r il and açor acrciato oft ee nt o aca eofacin wilno do.'
ntte nt o elel
ç muli e t in he lme s f us
f
to l t '

Bel ln i Cop. .T mby, 5 U. 5 4 5 ( 0 )
lAt tc r v wo l 5 0 S. 4 , 55 20 7 .
a
W h n a c mplit i c aln e u e Ru e 1 ( )6 ,a c u twi p e u t tal
e
o an s h le g d nd r l 2 b ( ) o r l rs me ha l
l
welplade alegai a etuea viw t pl a ngsi t lghtm os f vor bl t t pli tf.
l- e d l tons r r nd e he e di n he i
t a a e o he a n if

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rc n ie
n . . . rie , 8 3 0 3 0 6 1 t r 20 7 . we e, n e
a c t sde i pl di t t bec us t y a e no m or t n c l i , r no e il t t ,
our t ntûes ea ngs ha , a e he r
i
e ha onc us ons a e t ntted o he
a s pton oft t ' i m us de e m i w he he t w e lpl d f t ç t t a cl i t r le t ti
s um i
nlh,' t t t r ne
t r he l- e ac s t a e a m o e i f ha s
s

pl i eon isf c ' As r .f v I b l 5 6U. 6 2 6 ( 0 9 .A c mp an c no l s r ie
ausbl
t a e. hc o t . q a , 5 S. 6 , 78 2 0 )
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o lit a ny u vv

a1 b)6)motont dimisi ic ansfcma algai t t eG nought r s arg t rle
2( (
i o s s ft onti a l le tonsha ar t
e
o aie ihto eif

a o et s e uaielv l o t a s mp inta a1he(a t a) le ai n i t c mp an ae
b v he p c ltv e e, n he su to h t 1t fcu l alg to s n he o lit r
t ue ' Tw o bl 55 U . a 555. H ow e r a w e lpl d com pl i s vi a m o i t dim i s
r .'
m y, 0 S. t
ve ,
l- e
a nt ur ves
ton o s s

ç ve i i srk sas v yj d et t cu l r o o te efcsi i r b bl, n th tarc vey
t n f t tie a v u g ha a t a p o f f h s a t s mp o a e a d t a e o r
e
i ve y r m o e a unlke y.' Twom bl 550 U . a 556.
s r e t nd i l ''
y,
S. t

6

11
1.

D i c s on
s us i

Aspr vi l saed,Def nda ss k t dim isPl n ifse iec
e ousy tt
e nt ee o s s aitf ntr ompl n .De e n s
ait f nda t

r s tr mai ras nsf rdimis l ( )a fepadbyI r tt Grenskywasnotc r dt
aie l ee n e o o s sa: 1 ny e i ntus o e
n
hage o
Pl ntf and,heef e wa no atna ec r r quiedt bedicos dbyTI ( Pl ntf i
ai if t r or, s t i nc hage e r o
sl e
LA; 2) ai if s

s b e t otetnnso teLo nAg e me twh c i l eaKa s sc o c - flw p o so ,he
u jc t h e
f h a re n , ih ncud
n a h ieo -a r viin t
a i to ofwhi hr uie dim is loft t Fl i saut yc esofaci n,heCSOA a
pplcai n
c eq r s s s a he wo orda t t or aus
to t
nd

FCCPA cams a d( )P an ifsc mmo 1w camsd n t tt camsa an tteDee a t.
li ; n 3 litf o n a li o o sae li g is h fnd ns
The Cour w iladd es e h c us ofa ton s pa at l
t l
r s ac a e c i e r e y.

4
.

a

Pli l sF , Cl i Agan t ntu tsDimis di Pa t
ant f' N- am
f
d
is I r s i s se n r

Pl ntf sTI cli al gest tl r tvi ae TI i m uli e wa . To t e e
ai if LA a m le
ha ntus olt d LA n
tpl ys
he xtnt
l nlta Pl i ife e e i o a c os e c e tta aci n,Pli ifm ant i t tI r t
nt s nd antf nt r d nt
l ed- nd r di r ns to
antf i ans ha ntus

vi ae TI by()fii oa c aeya opel dicos t n l r e a rt;i)fii
oltd LA i alngt c urtl ndpr ry s l e he nnua pe c ntge ae (i alng

t a claeya dprpel d s l s tefn nc c r e a d (i)fiigt a claeya prpel
o c t tl n o ry ico e h ia e hag ; n ii aln o c t tl nd o ry
r
r
d s l et n o mtsna e Tot e e t t nt s a Pli tf e t e i oa ope e c e t
i cos he m t
nc d. he xtnt ha I nzt nd a n if n er d nt n n- nd r di

ta s cin Pli tf man ans t tI tu tviltd TI b () fiig t c mpy wi t e
rn a to , anif iti ha nr s oae LA y i al o o l t h
n
h
u dewrtng rq ie n so TI A a d (i fiig t p o d te rq ie peid c sae ns
n r ii e urme t f L n i al o r vie h e u rd ro i ttme t
) n

r q rd b TI I t zts e s t d s s Plitf sTI cam ag i t a t ee wa n
e uie y LA. n n s e k o imis anif LA li r unj h t h r s o
undicos d f et ti wa r uie t dic os t Pl i ifa t tt Loa Ag ee e twa nota
s l e e ha t s eq r d o s l e o antf nd ha he n r m n s
n
o n- nd c e tta aci n. Be us whe he I r ti
pe e r di r ns to
ca e
t r ntus mpos a undicl ed fna e c r i a
ed n
s os i nc ha ge s
q s i of f t i i not a o i t t r s ve on a m o i t di m i s H ow e r t Loa
ue ton
ac , t s
ppr pr a e o e ol
ton o s s .
ve , he
n
A gr e e , he r a a a w hol a i t c e oft a rc
e m nt w n e d s
e nd n he ont xt he i ondii rptr has ,i no a o ntone zc e s t n pe

7

e c e t ta a ton. Cons ue l Pl ntf ' TI cai r a e t a ope e cr di
nd r di r ns c i
eq ùty, ai ifs LA l m elt d o n
n- nd e t
ta aci n i dimis d.
r ns to s s s e

Pli t Ha Ad q a eyPldSh Wa Ch r e a Un ico e Fe
ant s e u tl e e s a g d n ds ls d e
Pli i sc
antY ompli a lgest tt TI dic os esae e r pr s nt d t t$8, 00
ant le ha he LA s l ur t tm nt e e e e ha 000.
wa pai t Fl dA i, c wa m ae ilyf s .Pl n ifa lgest tt l npr e dswe epa d
s d o ui r whih s tra l ale aitf le ha he oa oc e
r i
t Gr e
o e nskya t r Gr nsk pa dapori oft pr e t Fl dAi.Thus Pl i ifalege
nd hef ee ' i
y
ton he oc eds o ui r
, antf l s
t tt a ountfna di l dt undic os dCr di Se vi Fe t twa pa dt Gr nsk f r
ha he m
i nce ncude he
s l e e t r ce e ha s i o ee y o
a r ng ng t c e t As a r s t t r quied dicl ur s i cc a e y r pr s nt d t a
ra i he r di.
e ul, he e r
s os e na ur t l e e e e he nnua
l
pe ce ag r t o t l n,t a mtfna ed,a t amountoft fna e c r The
r nt e a e n he oa he mot i nc
nd he
he i nc ha ge.
c
ompli a lgest theCr di Se vceFe woul notha be nc r di ac h- ytans to
a nt le ha t
e t ri
e
d
ve e ha ge n as onl r aci n
a t ,i c tmt sa undicl e fna echa gei vi aton ofT1 5
nd, hus t onsi e n
s os d i nc
r n ol i
LA.
I rs
n e pons ,l r tc e t tt r w a no vi a i ofTI be a e Pl i ifw a not
e nt us ont nds ha he e s
ol ton
LA c us a ntf s

c r d,die ty o i r ty,f a f spad t Gr ensky a t tPl i ifwoul ha pa d
ha ge r c l r ndiecl or ny ee i o e
nd ha antf
d ve i

S LA de
TI
fnesa t i nc c r 'as
û na e ha ge' :
f
t s ofa lc r s pa bl die ty ori r c l by t pe s t who t c e ti
he um
1 ha ge , ya e r c l
ndie ty
he r on o
m he r di s
e e
xt nded,a i
nd mpos d diecl ori r c l by t c e t a a i i ntt t e e i
e r ty ndie ty he r dior s n nc de o he xt nson
ofc edi.Thetna e c r doesnoti l c r sofat pepa bl i aco pa a e
r t
i nc ha ge
nc ude ha ge
y
ya e n
m r bl
ca h ta a ton.
s r ns c i

1 U. C.j 1 a .Re ai Z gi e mplsofdifr nttpe ofc r t tc tt e
5 S.
605() gulton ves xn e
fe e y s hages ha onsiut
fna e c r s i udi
i nc ha ge , ncl ng:
Cha g i pos d o a c e t by a he pe s f pur has ng o a ce i a
r es m e n r dior
not r r on or c i r c ptng
co um e ' o i ton, ft c lm e i r uie t pa t c r i c s a a
ns r s blga i i he onsz r s eq r d o y he ha ges n a h, s n
add ton t t oblga i n,ora a de ton f om t pr e o t oblga i
ii o he i to
s
duc i '
r he oc eds f he i ton.

1 C. R. 2 64 b ( )
2 F. j 2 .( )6 .
8

$8, 00 f t ai c tone r a dl sofwhe he s pa dca h o c e t t r or ,i i nota
000. or he r ondii r eg r es
t r he i s r r di; he ef e t s
fna ec r et tm us bedic os d.I t u tf rhera gue t ti i cea fom Pl i ifsExhi t
nc ha g ha
t
s l e n r s ' t r s ha t s l r r
u
antf
bi

A,heAgr eme f rChangeOutSewi e t tt c h prceo t arc ii ne was$8, 00.
t
e nt o
l c , ha he as i f he i ondto r
000.
Thus t r wa no fnanc c r i ur e by Pl i ifbe us t c h prcea t prc pad by
, he e s i e ha ge nc r d
antf ca e he as i nd he i e i
Pl n ifwe et s m e.l r s a s r le o t lng
aitf r he a
nt u t lo ei s n he a uageoft Loa Ag e m e t e tbls t t
he n r e nt o sa ih ha
Pl ntf di no diecl o i r ty pa a fna e c r The Loa Agr me sa e G r
ai if d t r ty r ndiecl y i nc ha ge.
n
ee nt t t s G
You
M e c n g r de pa ta a tonf e asar ul ofyolrus oft Shoppi Pas o Loa Your
r ha t ovi r ys r ns c i e s
es t
z e he
ng s r n.
M e c tpr de i pr bie f o szc r ng you t c rt c toft s ta a ton f es'
r han / ovi r s ohi t d r m lr ha gi
o ove he os he e r ns c i e .
'

Ass touta ve howeve , antf alege i he c
e
bo ,
r Pl i if l s n r ompli t tt $8, 00i l a
a nt ha he 000. ncuded n
undicl e tna e c r
s os d s nc ha ge.Att m oton t dim issa t Cour mus t ket alegai nsi
he i o s s t ge he
t t a he l to n
t c
he ompli a tue Si ybe a et Loa Agr e e sa e t tFl dAi wa pr bie fom
ant s r . mpl c us he n e m nt t t s ha ui r s ohi td r
s r ha gi Pl i ift c risf esdoe notm e n t tPli ifwasnotc r d. Furhe
u c r ng antf o ove t e
s
a ha antf
ha ge
t nnor
e,
t A gr e e f Cha e OutSe v c i no a cl a asI r twoul ha t Cotr be i ve. The
he e m nt or ng
r i e s t s e r nt us
d ve he t t le

Agr e e f Cha OutSewi esaest tt ç hVal ofEqui e 'i $8000. Vaue
e m nt or nge
l c t t ha he t
cas
ue
pm nt' s , 00. l
a
ndprc a enothes t ng.M o e r a 1 I nztsa gumen sr quief c ua fndi , c
ie r
t nme hi
r ove , 1 of nt s ' r
t e r a t l i ngs whih
c
anno bem a a t m oton t di m i ss a Thus t ki t pl adi i helght os f vor bl
t
de t he i o s s t ge.
, a ng he e ngs nt i m t a a e
t Pl i if Pl i i fhasade t l a l ge t ts w a c r a undi c os d fna c r i
o a ntf , a ntf
qua e y le d ha he s ha ged n
s l e i nce ha ge n

voaino YI
ilto f LA.
The Loan Agr e e J '.N otan Open- Cr di Tr ac i
e m nt F N
J
End e t ans ton
I r tm a nt nst tt Loa A gr m e w asno a ope e c e ttans ton a t ,
ntus i ai ha he n
ee nt
t n n- nd r di r ac i nd, hus
Pl ntf ' TI c a m s ba e o t r quie e s f ope e c e t t a a tons m us be
ai i f s LA l i
s d n he e r m nt or
n- nd r di r ns c i
t
di m i s
s s ed. Unde TI , a o n- nd c ed t pl n i one C
r LA n pe e
r i a s
ç r w hi h t cr dior r as bl
unde
c he e t e ona y
9

c e aesr pe t d ta a tons whih pr c i t t r ofs h ta a tons a whih
ont mplt e a e r ns c i , c es rbes he e ms uc r ns c i , nd
c
pr desf r4 fna e c r whi h m a be c put d f om tm e t tm e on t out t ndi un i
ovi o .i nc ha ge c
y
om e r i o i
he s a ng pa d

baa c . 1 U. C. 1 0 () I tus ag e , t o t iiga ys pp r,h t h Lo nAg e me t
ln e' 5 S. j 6 2 J. nr t r u s wih u ctn n u o tt a t e a re n
'
'
c e ae asngl ta a to t fna et arc tone .I r s
ont mpl td i e r ns c i n o i nc he i ondii r n e pons , a ntf m ant i t t
e Pli if i ans ha
t Gr e
he e nsky Shoppi Pa si a c e tc r a a ar ul,t Loa Agr e e c tt e a
ng s s r di a d nd, s es t he n
e m nt onsiut s n
o n- nd c e tta a i
pe e r di r ns cton.
W hie t Sho ng Pa s m a ha s e of t a ti es o a c e t c r a t Loa
l he
ppi
s
y ve om
he tr but f r di a d nd he
n

Ag ee ntc anss lng get tc di c t a
r me ont i ome a ua ha oul ndia e nope e c editans ci ii c e rfom
n- nd r tr a ton,t s l a r
t f c oft Loa A g e m e t ti w asnota ope end c e tt a a ton. Rea ng t Loa
he a e he
n r e nt ha t
n nr di r ns c i
di he
n

Ag ee ntasawhol ,ti a r ntt tPl ntf wa a ovedf $8, 00i c e t r c ve
r me
e i s ppa e ha ai if s ppr
or 000. n r di and e ei d
t tf 1$8, 00a t r s tofasngl ta a tont t ookpl ea a oxi t l t s m etm e
ha '
u1 000. s he e ul
i e r ns c i ha t
ac t ppr ma ey he n i
t tPl i ifobt i t c edi. Thus ha ng r c d he c e tlm i w ih t s ngl t a a ton,
ha a ntf
a ned he r t
, vi ea he r r di i t t he i e r ns c i

no f rhe ta a tons c d ha be n con e a e b t pa tes As one c tput i:$I
' t r r ns c i
u
oul ve e
t mplt d y he ri .
our
t $n
pr c ial e ,
a tc t nns unde anope e c e tpl n, he ei no e e i ofc edi smpl by t is nc
r
n nd r di a t r s xt nson r t i y he s ua e

o t ec r ' God v Fis Nat n l n o ia , 3 F.d1 , 8( t Ci. 9 6 .Th t s
f h ad. lman . rt i a Ba k fchc go 5 2 2 0 1 7h r 1 7 ) a i
'
o
t oppost ofwha ha nedhe e; r t r wa a e e i n ofc e tsmpl wiht is nc
he
ie
t ppe
r he e,he e s n xtnso
r di i y t he s ua e

o t Sh p n Pa s Plitf wa is e t e S o pig Pa s a te s me t t a t e
f he o pig s. an i? s su d h h p n s t h a i h t h
me
$8, 00c e twa e e d.Cons que l Pl i ifsTI cai bas dont r quie e sf
000. r di s xt nde
e nty, antf ' LA l ms e
he e r m nt or

o n e c e ita a t nsa ed s se wi p eudc .
pe -nd r dt rnsci r imisd t rj ie
o
h
B.

TheM otont Di s Pl nt 'De l at .Reifcl m i De e
i o smis ai W s car orv le ai s nid

P an ifs d caao yj g n cam s e s a d caain t tt e tn i n o ce i
litf e lrtr ud me t li e k
e lrto ha he x e so s f r dt
a r nge by Gr e
ra d
e nsky a e voi a am a troflw . Def nda sm ovet dim ist scl m o t
r
d s
te
a
e nt
o s s hi ai n he
10

gr
ound t i i duplc tve ofPl i ifsFl rda CSOA cl m . W hie t c am sa e ba e on
hat t s
iai
antf
oi
ai
l he l i r s d
ale vi ai nsoft s m esaut ,Pl ntf i e il d t s ek at r i r le .
lged ol to
he n t t e ai if s ntte o e le natve ei f
A pl i ifi e il dt pl di t ale na i ptr ua t Fe r lRul ofCi l oc ze
antf s ntte o ea n he t r tve, ls nt o de a
es
viPr edlr

8a a ( .Furhe ,hefdea de lr t yrle saut unde c Pli ifs e r le, r t
() nd d) t rt e rl ca aor eif tt e, rwhih antf e ks eifpe mis

r le ç ehe o n t u te rle i o c u db s u h . 28U. C. 2 01 Fe ea Ru eo Cii
eifi t r r o frh r eif s r o l e o g t'
wh
'
S. j 2 . d rl l f v l
Pr c dle5 ratr t i, ttn Gthee itn eo a t e a e uaer me yd e n t e l e
o e t 7 e fims h s saig d l x se c f noh r d q t e d o s o prcud
r
g
ad caao y u g n ta i oh r s a p o rae' W hl Plitf ma no b a et o ti t
e lrt r j d me th ts te wie p r p it. ie an if y t e bl o b anboh
'
l ga a e t bl r le ,s m a plr ue he c a m f e t bl r i funtls pr ve e il m e
e l nd quia e e i f he y z s
r l i or quia e ele
i he o s ntte nt

t l ga r le .Se Coa t Welne sCentr I .v Pr gr s i Ame c I s anc Co.201 W L
o e l ei f e s al l s
e , nc . o e sve
rian n ur e , 8

1 0 9 5 * ( D. a Ap i4 2 8.Co s q nt ,h moint ds s Plitf d caaoy
7 1 9 , 4 S. Fl. rl , 01 ) n e ue l te to o imis an ifs e lrtr
y
j d me ta to i d nid.
u g n cin s e e
C.

Pli t ' Un u t rc me Cl i i Dimis di Pa t
a nt s j s En ih nt am s s s e n r

P an ifalg st a Dee a t we eu j sl elihe wh n t ya c p e a r ti e
litf le e h t fnd ns r n u ty r c d e he c e td nd ean d
r
c r sf c e ts r c fom Pl ntf Pl ntf m a n ai t tDe e nt we enote il d t
ha ge or r di e vies r
ai if ai if i t ns ha f nda s r
ntte o
t s c r by 1 w a t tDe e nt s d notbepe te t r t i t bene soft s
he e ha ges a nd ha f nda s houl
nnitd o e an he
ft
he e
il ga c r s De e nt move t dimist sca m .
le l ha ge . f nda s
o s s hi li

Pl it fs Unu tEn ih n Cli Aga n t nr s i Dimis d Wi o t
an f ' j s rc me t a m
is l tu t s s s e t u
h
Pr ce
qudi
Itu t v s od s s tet u t n ih nt li a ans io t g omd .Fis,nr s
n r s mo e t imis h mj s e zc me cam g i tt n wo r l s rtI tu t
'
ague t t antf snotalge t ee nt ofa unus e hme cli .Unde Fl i l
r s ha Pli ifha
le d he lme s n j t ndc nt am
r orda aw,

aPli t fcami u j s e rc me tmu talg :1 1 plitf ha c n e rd ab n tto t e
ani li ng nu t n ih n s le e : ) an if s o f re e ei n h
f
(
dee a ,whoha knowl get rof ( de e ntvolmtrl a e sa rti t be ft
fnd nt
s
ed hee ; 2) fnda
t a iy cc pt nd eans he nei

c n er d a ( )hecru tn e aes c t a iwo l b ie ui bl f rhed fnd n t rti
o fre ; nd 3 t ic msa c s r u h h tt ud e n q t e o t e e a to ean
a
t be ftwihout yi t vauet r oft t pl i if' H il Con tucton Cop. .Wai r
he ne i t pa ng he l he e o he antf o lman
'
sr i
r v
ne ,

6 6 So 2 5 6 5 7 ( a 4 h DCA 1 9 ) nr s man anst tPlitf h sfie t alg a
3 . d 7 , 7 F1 . t
9 4 .I tu t iti ha anif a ald o le e
be i s co e r d on I r t I f t I r ta gue t tPl ntf r c i d t be ft t ar
neft he nf re
ntus. n ac , ntus r s ha ai if e eve he ne i, he i
c to r a i i i quia ef rhe t ke p i be us s ha notpai f i.Pl i ifha not
ondii ne , nd t s ne t bl o r o e t ca e he s
d or t antf s
rs
e ponde t t sa g e a t c
d o hi r um nt nd he ompl i doesnota lge a be i s ha c e r d on
ant
le ny neft he s onf re
I r t Theco pl ntal ge t tDe e nt c l td, c pt d, ndr t ne c r sf c edi
ntus .
m ai le s ha f nda s olece ac e e a eai d ha ge or r t
s l ce . Howe r t r i not ng i t c pli t ti c t s t tPl ntf acua l pa d
ewi s
ve , he e s hi n he om a nt ha ndia e ha ai if t ly i
a hi t I r s,diecl ori r c l Cons que l Pl ntf hasf iedt a
nyt ng o ntu t r ty ndie ty.
e nty, ai if
a l o dequae ypl a he
tl e d r

u j te rc me tcam a ans I tu t
nus n ih n li g i t nr s.
Se o ,n r s ag e t a P an ifc z t i anh z n u t nrc me t li be a s a
c nd Itut r u s h t litf amo manti e u j s e ih n cam c u e n
e e sc r c gove nst i r ltons p. Pl i ifmai ai t t t rFe r lRul ofCi l
xpr s onta t
r her ea i hi
antf
nt ns ha , mde de a
e
vi

Pr c d r 8 d ( ) s ei pemitdt pe di teatr aie Fu t r r , l tec s sctd
o e u e ( )2 , h s r te o la n h len tv . rhemo e uni h a e ie
ke
by I nlti vi ale e sc r t Pl ntf diput t valdiy oft c r c bewe n he
nt s nvol ng t xpr s ontac , ai if s es he i t
he onta t t e r
a I t u t Cons que l Pl i if m a pl d i t a t m atve H o e r as s t o a ve
nd n r s .
e nty, a ntf
y ea n he le i . w ve ,
e ut bo ,

Plitf h sf i dt a e uaeypla h rcam.Ac o d n l,h u j s e c me t li a ans '
anif a al o d q tl e d e li
e
c r i gy t e n u t mi h n cam g i t
I r ti dim is d wih la t r plad.
ntus s s s e t e ve o e e

Pl n f n Unu t rc me tCli Ag n t e n k i Ad qu tl Pld
ait ts j s En ih n am ais Gr e s y s e a ey e
Gre k as s e t L s s teu j te rc me t li a an tib c u ePlitf h s
e ns y lo e ks o imis h nus n ih n cam g i s t e a s anif a
n talg d t ee n so a t u te c me tcam. Gre k ag e t tPlitf ha no
o le e he lme t f n mj s mi h n li
e ns y r u s ha anif s t

12

ale d a f t s wi t ts ha c e ed abe ftupon Gr nsky. Pli ifr s ndst t
l ge ny ac s ho ng ha he s onf n'
ne i
ee
6 antf e po
ha
t co ai a lgest t e nskywa pai heCr di Se vceFe f a r ngi t c e tbewe n
he mpl nt le ha Gr e
s dt
e t ri
e or ra ng he r di t e
I r s a Pli tf a ac or i t t co ai ,t tFe ca e f o Pl n ifç y ng o
nt u t nd a n if nd, c d ng o he mpl nt ha e m r m aitf % i r
pa
a e i t pa m one f c edi s nr s' Ta ng t alegai nsi t lg m os f vo a e t
gr e ng o y
y or r t e i .
ce ' ki he l to n he i ht t a r bl o

Plitf, an ifh sa e uaeyplda unu te c me t li a an tGre k .
an if Plitf a d q tl e n j s mi h n cam g is e ns y
D.

The CSOA Cl m I D im i s d i Par
ai s s s e n
t

De e nt s k t dimi s Pli ifs Fl i CSOA cli bas o a c c of 1
f nda s ee o s s antf
orda
am
ed n hoi e
aw
pr son i t Loa Ag e m e ,whih,i efe t desgnaesKa a 1 w a t a i a el w.ll
ovii n he n r e nt c n f c , i t
ns s a s he pplc bl a r
t at m ai ,I tus a g st ti i e mptfom t Fl i CSOA be us i i a f r ly
he le tve n r t r ue ha t s xe
r he orda
ca e t s ede al
i ur d ba a Gr nsky a gue t ti i notaCr tSer c Or a za i n unde t CSOA .The
ns e nk nd ee
r s ha t s
edi vi e g ni to
r he
Cot tnee nota e s whe he K ans l w a i s t t Loa A gr e e a t t CSOA c a m
u' d
ddr s
t r
as a pple o he n
e m nt s o he
li

be us Pli ifco e t tI r ti e m ptfom t Fl i CSOA a t c c ofl w
ca e antf nc des ha ntus s xe ' r he orda
nd he hoie a
pr so doe no a yt Gr e ' anon- ryt t Loa Agr e e .W hiePl i ifc ede
ovii n s t ppl o e nsk
y,
pa t o he n e m nt
l antf onc s
t tI nz ti e m ptf om t Fl i CSOA ,Pl i ifa g st tI nl t sla lt i de i tve
ha nt s s xe
r he or da
a ntf r ue ha nt s ' i biiy s r va i

pur ua t t FTC Hol rRul . Thè Co twila es t cai sa ns Gr e
s nt o he
de
e
ur l ddr s he l m gai t e nsky fr t
is .
The CSOA Cl m Agai tGr e y i Adequat y Pld
ai
ns e nsk s
el e
Pl i ifi c r c t tGr nsl i notapa t t t Loa Agr e e a t r f r t
antf s ore t ha ee t s
y
ry o he
n
e m nt nd, he e o e, he
c c of1 w pr son i t Loa Agr e e woul nota y t acl m a ns Gr e y.See
hoie a ovi i n he n
e m nt
d
ppl o ai gai t e nsk

Co pe v M e iin Y c s Lt , 75F.d 1 51 1 6 ( 1h Ci. 0 9 ( e eal, c o c o 1w
o r . rda a ht, d 5 3 1 , 1 9 1 t r 2 0 ) g n r l a h ie f a
y
ca eE sac r c ua rght ha c nno or na iybei ke by o a i tapa t whodi no sgn
lus s onta t l i t t n t di rl
i
nvo d
r gans
ry
d ti

6 e ns yas r ie t eis eo wh t e a u j s e rc me t li i s ia l f rca s
Gre k lo as s h su f eh r n n u t n ih n cam s utbe o ls
c r i a i n. The Cour w ila e st s i s i a whe i i a es e i a m oton f c a s
e tt to
k
t l ddr s hi s ue f nd
n t s ddr s d n
i or l s
c r ii a i
e tf c ton.
13

t ec nr c i wh c t p o iina p as' .Ho ve, e ns yc n e d t a i i no ace i
h o ta t n ih he r vso p e r.) we r Gre k o tn s h t t s t rd t
'
s r ceor ni ton a t tt r i dei byt Fl i a CSOA and,hus t Fl i CSOA doe
e vi ga za i s ha e m s fned he ord
t ,he orda
s
no a yt i. TheFl i CSOA de i saC e ts r i or ni ton' a ;
t ppl o t
orda
fne l di e vce ga za i ' s
cr
a pe s who, t r s c t t e e i ofc e tby o he s s l , ovi , r o ms
ny r on
wih e pe t o he xt nson r di
t r , els pr des pe f r ,
orr pr s st theors c orwils l, ovi , pe f m,n r tfnf t pa ntof
e e ent ha
he an
l el pr de or ror i e t or he yme
r
m o y orot rval bl c i r ton,a oft f l ng s r i e
ne
he ua e onsde ai ny he olowi e v c s:
1 I ovi a buye ' c e tr c d,hit y,o r tng;
. mpr ng
rs r di e or sor r ai
2. ai ng a e e i ofc edi f abuye 'or
Obt ni n xt nson r t or
r
,
3. ovi ng advi eora ssanc t abuye wih r ga dt t s t i e des rbe i et r
Pr di
c
s it e o
r t e r o he e v c s c i d n ihe
s pa a a 1 o s
ub r gr ph . r ubpa a a 2.
r gr ph

Fl Stt j81 70012)a .Gr nsky aguest ti doe notofe o pr dea oft s r s
a. a. 7. ( () ee
r
ha t s
fr r ovi ny he e dce
lse i t samt l f t ra gue t ti doe not e e e buye sa doe notc r buye sf
it d n he t e. t urhe r s ha t s r pr s nt
r nd s
ha ge
r or
s r i esi con c i wih e e i ofc e t i t a i r pr s nt t lnde s
e v c n ne ton t xt nsons r di; nse d, t e e e s he e r .
I he c
n r ompli , antf alege t tG e nskya t dasac e ts vieor ni toni is
ant Pl i if l s ha l e
Gr
ce
r di er c ga za i n t

a to wih( an i6'a d d od p o i da dpefr di rt r f r a me t f n yo o h r
cins t Plitf ' n s l, r vde n ro me n eu n o p y n o mo e 'r t e
s
v la l c nsd rto t pr c zme ta d o tii a e tn in o c e i f r( anif a a
au b e o i eain he o u e n n banng n x e so f r dt o Plitfj s

b y n'g 31a ! 5 .Th , an if a p e a1 f h ee n s c s ayt s w t t e nst
u e 'DE t 8 4 uàPlitf h s ld 1o t e lme t ne e s r o ho ha Gr e l
y
i a c e ts r c o ga zai n asde i d byt CSOA.Att m oto t dimissa ,t Cour
s r di e kie r ni to
fne
he
he i n o s s t ge he
t
m us t ke t s a l ga i a t e
t a he e le tons s nz .

Pli iff t ra guest tt r i no a hort t s
antf urhe r
ha he e s ut iy o uppor Gr e
t e nsky' pr ii t ti i
s oposton ha t s
o y ac e ts r c or ni ton i i r pr s nt t buye a c r st buye f iss r c .
nl r di e vie ga za i f t e e e s he
r nd ha ge he
r or t e vies
The onl c e i Fl i t s Co tf
y as n or da hi ur ound t ti e r t t s s cto oft A c i i ppos t . Se
ha nt p e s hi e i n he t s na
ie e

Do e tn v Hol oodI t,l . 45 So.3d 81 8 ( a.4t DCA 201 ( ngt ac r
r si . l
m
mpors nc,
9, 24 F1 h
0) fndi hat a

14

deae s p whih as it d isc t e si obt i ngfna i wa notac edi s vieor ni ton
lr hi
c sse t usom r n ani i ncng s
r t er c ga za i
be a et c t e d d no pa t ' de lraf eorot rc i r i n f as it ei obt ni
c us he usom r i t y he ae e
he onsde ato or ssapc n ai ng
.

t sna i ) W hie Gr nsky ag st tPl ntf di notpa i af ,Pli ifsc an
he ncng . l ee
rue ha ai if d
y t ee antf omplit
al ge t t Gr e
le s ha e nsky waspa d af e whi h c
i e , c amefom Pl i ifdie ty ori r c l Taki t
r
antf r c l
ndie ty.
ng he
a l ga i i t lght m os f vor bl t Pl i i f Pl i i f ha ade t l pl d t t Gr nsky
le tons n he i
t a a e o a ntf , a ntf s qua e y e ha ee

r c ve af fom Pli tf i r t n f Gr e ' obt i ng a e e i ofc edi on be fof
e ei d ee r
a n if n eur or e nsk
y ani n xt nson
r t
hal
Pli tf .
a n if

TheCSOA Cl m Agais I r sti Dimise Wihou Prju c
ai
n t ntu s s s d t t e die
Pl n ifc
aitf once t tl nzti a na i bank a ass h,i e mptfo t CSOA.
des ha nt s s
tonal
nd, uc s xe
r m he

Ho v r Plitf manan ta ItutVsd rv tv l blt frGre k ' voaino t
we e, anif itis h t nr s
eiaie i i y o ens ys ilto f he
a i
CSOA ba e ont tr soft LoanAgr e e a t FTC Hol rRul TheLoa Agr e e
s d he e m
he
e m nt pd he
de
e.
n e m nt

c anst f l nglnguage a rquie byt FTC Hol rRul 1 C. R.j433.
onti he olowi a
, s e r d he
de e, 6 F.
2:
NOTI
CES: Y HOLDER OF THI CONSUM ER CREDI CONTRACT I SUBJ
AN
S
T
S
ECT
TO M L CLM M S AN D DEFEN SES W H I TH E DEBTOR COU LD A SSERT AG AW ST
CH
THE SELLER OF GO OD S O R SERV I
CES OBTA I
NED W I
TH TH E PR OCEED S
HEREOF. RECOVERY HEREUNDER BY THE DEBTOR SHALL NOT EXCEED
AM OUNTS PAI BY THE DEBTOR HEREUNDER.
D

( 313 T 3(l c p tl i o ii lj s do ti ln u g , an ifa g e t a i Gr e s
DE - , 2 al a ias n rgnal.Bae n h s a g a e Plitf r u s h t f e n ky
i la e unde t CSOA,t n s i I nzt I is r pl I r s a gue t tPl i ifhas no
s ibl
r he
he o s nt s. n t e y, ntu t r s ha a ntf
t
a quat y pl aba i f die tla lt a ns Gr e
de el ed
ss or r c i biiy gai t e nsky a t r f e, nt s c o behed
nd, he e or I nzt aml t
l
de i tvey 1a e7 Howe r a s touta
rvai l i bl .
ve , s e
bove,f pur esofam oton t dimis Pli ifha
or pos
i o s s , a ntf s

7n s
I uppor o t spr ii onpa 11oft i rpl De e nt ct G eRe ke v
t f hi oposton,
ge
he r e y, f nda s ie:G
se ne r .

Er eHaieFor I ,2004W L 2737908*9( . Fl J 3,2004)( di t tpli ifs
ni r 4 nc.
M D. a. une
hol ng ha antf'
dei tvecai ase t a i tt ce t mus bedimisd a ama trof1w)'
rvai l ms s red gans he rdior t s se s te a .'
'
Dee nt a i ct t t sç as 'i t ne paa a - *6 a n. ( igSc rv
fnda s gan ie o hi ç e' n he xt rgrph *L t 8 quotn haue ,
c
1
Ge e a Mo o sAc e a c Cop. 8 9S 2 8 9, 1 ( a 4hDCA 2 0 ) ( odngt a
n r l t r cpt n e r , 1 o. d 0 8 3 Fl. t
0 2 ) h li h t
15

a quae ypl d a c am t rt CSOA a ns Gr e
de tl e
l i mde he
gai t e nsky.I t a tm ai ,I nlta guest t
n he le tve nt s r
ha

Fl i co t havef
orda urs
ound t tt FTC Hol rRul i us lynott ba i f ra c u e t s e
ha he
de
e s ua l
he ss o ons m r o e k
afima i r i .
fr tve elef
I Sc
n haue v Ge r M ot s A c e anc Cor ,a Fl i a l t co te a ne t
r . ne al
or c pt e
p.
or da ppela e ur xpl i d he

a i to o t FTC Hol rRul
pplcai n f he
de
e:

W hl tth r l i e rsl d sg dt c mpe ce io s oet r b obsle mic n u t
i t l e ue s xp e sy e ine o o l r dtr t i a s r elr s o d c
eg
he
cossors kr i s m e o t e c t fom s le s' Ti rv. M ar aPo s heAudi
t ee embur e nt f hos oss r e lr p nke De i r c
'
,

I c, 5 S 2 48 , 9 ( a 3 DCA l 8 lf t o e o te ) r vp d ne 4 1So 2
n .4 9 o. d 7 4 2 F1. d
g 4 toon ts mitd , e fw e id, 7 . d
4 ( a 1 5 ,i i od n rl u e a a s il n ta a s r f rc n l r t s e
3 F1. 98 ) t s r i ai s d s h ed, o s wo d o o sl s o e k
y
me
afimatver i A r ogni dexc pton t t slmia i i whe eac ume m ant ns
fr i elef ec ze
e i o hi i tton s r ons r i ai
ana ton a i tt c ediorf rar t nofm oni pad o a a cot . Fe Re 53,
c i gans he r t o e ur
es i n n c mt 40 d. g. 505,

5 ,2 ( 9 )(ie i Cr wsv Al vsaMoo s I c, 5F. u p. d38 , 9 ( . Va
35 4 1 75 ctd n e . t it tr, n .6 S p 2 8 3 0 W D. .
a
1 ) Ho ve,s hr le G l o ybea ia ewher as le ' b e c i s s tnta
999). we r uc eifl l nl valbl
wi
e elrs r a h s o ubsa il
ta ac u tsp ru d dt a rs iso a r si to a ej tfd . 1 .
h t o r i es a e h t e cs in nd e tt in r usiid' d
u
'
81 So 218 9 81 ( a 4 hDCA 2 0 ) Ba e o ti itr eain o t eFTC Ho d rRul,
9 . c 0 , 3 Fl. t
0 2 . s d n h s neprtto f h
le e
Pl i ifhasnots c e l pl a c e ofa tc a i tI nl tf de i tve la lt t r t
a ntf
ux i nty ed aus
c im ga ns nt s or r va i i biiy mde he
FTC H ol rRul Pl i if ha notpl d t ts i s eki a r t r ofm oni pa d t l t s . l
de
e. a ntf s
e ha he s e ng e u n
es i o n nl t n

f c ,s ha notacualypl t ts hasma a pa e st I nzt Thus Pl ntf ha f l
a t he s
t l ed ha he
de ny ym nt o nt s.
, ai if s aied
t s fcintyplad ac am a ns I r tbas on t Fl i CSOA and t FTC Hol rRul
o uf e l e
l i gai t ntus ed he orda
he
de
e.

Co s q e ty tecam a an t nr t sd s se wi u prj dc .
n e u n l,h li g is I tus i imis d t t eu ie
ho

a fr tver i i onl pr rwhe et de ors e t r t n ofm oni pai duet ç...a
f ma i elef s y ope
r he bt e ks he eur
es d
o:

sle s(ilbra h . . os b tn il h tac u tsp ru de t a rc sin (iqa dr si in
elr sc e c . s u sa ta t a o r i es a d h t e e so sc n etmto
aej tfe .l' W h l De e d n s ctto i iaet thi i tehodngo ac u ti i n t
r usiid' . ie fn a t' i ins ndc t ha t s s h li f o r,t s o .
''
a
D e e nt ha cied t a pa t s m oton pa r ,nota c ts de i i n. R e es ntng m oton
f nda s ve t o
ry'
i
pe s
our ' c s o
pr e i
i
pa r a a de i i ofa co ti ,a be t t be i va y s oppy a a w o s ,a vi a i ofThe
pe s s
c s on
ur s t s , m le bl l
nd, t r t
ol ton
Rul s Re a i t Fl i Ba a Fe r Rul ofCi lPr edur 11. G oi f wa d,t
e gul tng he orda r nd de al e
vi oc
e
ng or r he
Cour e
t xpec st tc m s w ilt ke e r e f t o e ur t ts h S l ne s'doe no oc ur
t ha ot el l a ve y f or t ns e ha uc û oppi s ' s t c
s
a i
ga n.

E

Pl ntf FCCP Cli i Dimis d Wiho t eu ie
ai irs
A am s s s e t u Prj d c

La ty,Def nda ss e t dimi sPli ifs Fl rda Consz e Cole i Pr c iesAc
sl
e nt e k o s s antf
oi
lm r lcton a tc
t
cli .De e nt a i ar uet t hec c o 1w pr son i t Loa Agr e e , sgna i
am
f nda s ga n g ha t hoi e f a ovii n he n e m nt de i tng
K a asl w , e l s t s c ai . How e r a no ed a
ns a pr c ude hi l m
ve , s t bove, he c ce ofl w pr s o doe no
t hoi
a
ovi i n
s t
a y t Gr nsky. I t a t m a i , e e nt a gue t tPl ntf ha f ie t pl a s f c e
ppl o ee
n he le tve D f nda s r
ha ai if s a l d o e d ufi i nt

f c st e t bls avi a i oft FCCPA.
a t o sa ih
olton he
U nde t FC CPA ,a pe s i pr bied f om c ai i a t m ptng,or t ea e ng G o
r he
r on s ohi t r
l m ng, te i
hr t ni s
t

e br eade whe s hpe s
nt c
bt n uc r onknowst t hede i no l gii t oras e thee se ofs m e
ha t
bt s t e tma e, s r t xit nce o

oh rlg lrg twh n s c p ro k o t a t erg td e no e it' a S a.j5 9.2 9 .
t e e a ih e u h e s n n ws h t h ih o s t x s.
'Fl. tt 5 7 4 )
W hiePl ntf l ge t tGr e
l ai ifale s ha e nskya tmptd t c lct oni sfom he , hec
te e o ole m e r
r t ompl i doesnot
ant
s tou a s c fcf c sr l t dt an c l c i e f t b Gr e
e t ny pe ii a t e a e o y ole ton fors y e nsky.Thus t c
,he ompl i aleg
ant l es
not ng mor t n ac uson,af
hi
e ha oncl i
onuul i r ia i ofoneoft ee e soft cai .Thi i
ac ect ton
he lm nt he l m
ss
c di y, he
l i gai t e nsky i
s
i ufii nt unde l
ns fc e
r qbal a Twombl A c or ngl t FCCPA c a m a ns Gr e
nd
y.

ds se wi u p eudc .
imis d t t rj ie
ho
W h l t ec o c o 1w pr vso ie f r e b e wo l rq ied s s a wihp eu ieo
ie h h ie fa o iin,f n o c a l, u d e ur imis l t rj d c f
t s c ai ag ns l nz t t Cour de i s t dec de t s i s w hi h has no be n a ua el
hi l m ai t nt s , he
t clne o i hi s ue, c
t e deq t y

brè ed,a t ssa oft pr ee ngs Ho ve ,t cai agans I r ts f r fom t s
if t hi t ge he oc di . we r he l m
i t ntus ufe s r he ame
pl di defcenc a t c am a i tGr nsky - t r a e no a t lf t aleg r ga di
ea ng i i y s he l i gans ee ' he e r
c ua ac s l ed e r ng
a tmpt a c l c i
te s t ole ton. Cons que l t FCCPA cam a i t I r s i dimis d wihout
e nty, he
li gans ntu t s s s e
t

P eudc .
rj ie
A c or ngl i i he e
c di y, t s r by
O RDERED t
hat:

Dee d ns J it oi nt DimisPlitf sAme d dCo an E 35 i
fn a t' on M to o s s anif
n e mplit DE q s
GM NTED i pa ta DENI i pa t
n r nd
ED n r ;

a
)

Co n Ii és se wi p eu iet t ee tn t ttalg st t h
u t s imis d t rj d c o h x e t ha i le e ha t e
h
Loa Ag e me wa a ope e c e tta a ton.
n r e nt s n n- nd r di r ns c i

b)

Plitf st u te rc me t li Comt 1, g i s Ituti d s se
an if mj s n ih n cam, t 11 a an t n r s s imisd
wih u p eu ie
t o t rj dc .

c
)

Plitf sCSOA cam, u tI a ans Ituti d s se wih u
an if
li Co n V, g i t n r s s imis d t o t
p eu ie
rj d c .

d)

e
)
2.

Co n V a an tb t Dee a t i d s se wih u prj ie
u t g i s oh fnd ns s imis d to t eudc .
TheM oton t Dimi si de e i a1ot rr s c s
i o s s s nid n 1 he e pe t .

Pl i ifs l fl as co a nde c
antf ha l ie e nd me d ompl n by Se e be 28,
ait
pt m r 2018.

DONEAND ORDERED i Ch mb r i MimiFlrd ,hs/ d yo Se tmb r
n a es n a , oia ti
f pe e,
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A YLES

UVI STATES S
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UDGE