Pottinger, et al v. City of Miami

Filing 682

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Federico A. Moreno on 2/15/2019. See attached document for full details. (mmd)

UNI
TED STATES DI
STRI COURT FOR THE
CT
SOUTHERN DI
STRI OF FLORI
CT
DA
M i m iDi s on
a
vi i

Cas Number 88e
: 2406- V- OREN O
CI M
MI
CHA EL PO TTI G ER ,
N
PETER CA RTER,
a BERRY YOUNG,
nd
Pl ntf s,
ai if
V S.

CI OF M I I
TY
AM ,

De e n .
f nda t
M EM O R AND U M O PI O N
NI

bg ne oft t ngs Potige ha do s wel i c e t t s a i c lborto
çol
he hi
tn r s ne o l s r ae hi mazng ola ain

wh r i f re t edifr n sa e o d r t wo k t g t r' ( . l 4 2 )1Th vea i o
e e t o c d h fee t tk h l es o r o ehe . Tr vo . , 9 . e rct f
'
y
J e Stve Lef a s sa e e wa e de i t s pr e ng as t s Cour hea d tm e a
udg e
im n' tt m nt s vi nt n hi oce di
hi
t r i
nd
aga n a
i boutt m y i d ofpr n s a a d a ia e t t hom e es i t s c m uniy.The e
he r a
ogr m nd i va l bl o he
l s n hi om
t
r

c n be no doub t t i t t nt ye r t s Cons ntDec e ha be n i pl c t Ciy of
a
t ha n he we y a s hi
e
r e s e n a e, he t
M i miha e a r d t e a c t hom e e s s. t ug M im iha made sg fca iloa ,
a
s nde vo e o r dia e
l s nes Alho h a
s
i nii nt rr ds
homels nes unf t t y pe sss as i does i al cte i Am e i a.Ye ,t Ciy c i
e s s oruna el r it , t
n 1 iis n
rc
t he t ontnues

daiy t mii t t e f t i a ma rc itntwih t Potige Ag e m e .The is i
l o tgae he fec s n
nne onsse
t he tn r r e nt
s ues n

t s pr e ngs a e whehe t Ciy ha s t n i ly c ple wih t Fotige Co e
he e oce di
r
t r he t s ubs a tal om i d t he tn r ns nt
De r s h t tf der lcour o r i s d come t a e a tr 20 ye r orwhehe t
c ee uc ha e a
t ve sght houl
o n nd fe
as
t r he
Ciy' te t e oft hom ees r quie t sCoul t c i isover i a e t hol t
t s r am nt he
l s e r s hi
' o ontnue t
t
sght nd ven o d he

Ciy i c e .
t n ont mpt
IRefr nc t t tans i soft sx- y e denir hea i a ea f l :
e e es o he r crpt he i da vi ta y rng r s olows
Tr vol lr f st Sept m be 24,20I t a c i
. . e er o
e r
8 r ns rpt
Tr v . r f r t Sep e be 25, l ta c i
. ol 2 e es o t m r 20 8 r ns rpt

L BACKGROUND

The wo l hasc nge d a tcal snc t o i nalflng oft s c
rd
ha d r ma i ly i e he rgi ii
hi ompli 3 yea s
ant 0 r

a o a dteCiyo M imii n e e to l 1 8 J g C. y eAt n e trd a ij n to
g n h t f a s o xc p in.n 98 , ud e Cld kis n ee n nu cin
t pr n t a r toft homels f beng hom e e sa t s z e oft i pr pe t Afe
o eve t he res
he
e s or i
l s nd he eiur
he r o ry. tr
1 ye r of ltga i a s tl nt wa r c
0 as
ii ton, eteme
s ea hed be wee t homel s Pl i if ld b M r
t n he
es antf s e y .
Poti ran t Ciy of M im i a t unde sgne e er d t Cons nt De r e c
tnge d he t
a , nd he
r i d nt e he
e
c e omm onl
y
r ere t ast Poti rAgr e e .
ef r d o he tnge
e m ntz
The 1 Poti ge Agr me waslt rm odii wih t ag e m e ofbot pari si
998 tn r ee nt
ae
fed t he r e nt
h te n
201 t e l s xua ofe r fom t pr e t d cls oft homel s. n t t t yea sof
4 o xcude e l f nde s r he ot c e a s he
es l he wen y r

t Poti r Agr e e ,t Ciy ofM im ipolc de rmen i tt e de rme a polces
he tnge
e m nt he t
a
ie pa t t nsiut d pa t nt l i i
t tpr hi t t polce ofi e s pa tpr tc ofare tng t homel s wihoutc us Asa
ha o bied he i
fc r ' s aci es
r si he
es t
a e.
die tc eq nc oft e e lntwor done by t a t neysf t Am e i n Ci lLi ris
r c ons ue e he xc le
k
he tor
or he
rca vi be te

Uni r pr en i t hom ees ,t Poti rAgr eme 1 t notonl ac nge i t Ciy'
on e es tng he
l s he tnge
e nt ed o,
y ha
n he t s
polc de rm e ,buta s co rbut d t a t t lc t a cha e i t wa t homels we e
i e pa t nt
lo nti e o o a ulur l ng n he y he
es r
teae by alCiy e o
r td
1 t mpl yees Tha culur lc nge a s c rbut t t cr a i ofa M im i
. t t a ha
lo onti ed o he e ton
a -

Da Co y Homels Tr t s re by t xes a gr nt t t yi d a a
de unt
e s us uppo td
a
nd a s ha el n nnualbudge of
t

a o maey $6165 milon t a ss t homels i vai aci te i udi me c l
pprxi tl
li o s it he
e s n rous tviis, ncl ng dia

a ssa c , h les ec ( . l2 2 )
sitn e s etr, t .Tr vo . , 4 .
Be aus of t s c nge cr um sa s t Ciy of M i mi s e t r i ton of t
c e
he e ha d ic t nce , he t
a
e ks e m na i
he
t t ye r ol Poti r Agr e e .On t ot r ha t Pl i if not onl o
wen y- a d
tnge
e m nt
he he nd, he antfs
y ppos t
e he

Tr vol3r f r t Se e r26, 1 ta crpt
. . e es o ptmbe
20 8 rns i
Tr vol 4 r f r t Oc obe 24,201 t a c i
. . ees o t r
8 r ns rpt
Tr vol5 rf r t Ocobe 25,201 ta c i
. . ees o t r
8 r ns rpt
Tr vol6 rf r t Nove r1 201 ta crp
. . ees o
mbe , 8 r ns it
2Theorgi Pl ntfs M ihae Poti r Pee Ca t , Be r Young,a ede as d ort i whe e t a e
i nal ai if, c l tnge , tr rer and ry
r ce e
her r abou s r
unkn
own.On De mbe 23,201 t Cou gr nt Pl n if'M oi t AddCls Re es nttvesa na d
ce r
3,he rt a ed aitfs ton o
a s pr e ai nd me
Car e Pa man a Da d Pee y ascl sr es n a i s.
ol t
nd vi
r
as epr e t tve
2

t r nai oft a e m e ,bu t y ha a s m ove t hol t Ciy ofM i mii c e
e mi ton he gr e nt t he ve lo
d o d he t
a n ont mpt
f vi a i t a ee nt by s i i t pr ly of t hom ees i t Ciy' cla up
or oltng he gr me
e zng he ope'
t
he
l s n he t s e nope a i .The Ciy' 201 clan- o r tonswe e es e i be us oft he t a s f t
r tons
t s 8 e up pe a i
r s ntal ca e he alh nd a e y
co r se mi fom va i hom ees e mpm e s
ncens t m ng r
rous
l s nca
nt .

The Cour co
t nduced a e de ta y hea i on t pa tes motonsovernum e ousdays
t n vi n i r
rng
he ri ' i
r
.
The Cour w ilm a fndi of f c a s pa a e conc us ons of 1 w bas on t t s i ony of
t l ke i ngs a t nd e r t
l i
a
ed
he e tm

t Ciy' wine s ,ove t ry hom ees wines e ,a s ve ale r wines e i t te d of
he t s t s es r hit
l s t s s nd e r xpe t t s s n he l l
ho ees ne s The Cour i notc r d wih ç es vi 't hom ees pr em i t Ciy of
m l s s.
ts
ha ge t û ol ng' he
r
l s obl n he t

M i mi Howeve ,t Cour was i pr s ed wih alt s r i e pr ded t t ho e e s by
a .
r he
t
m es
t l he e v c s ovi
o he m l s

ma i vi l a or ni a i a adie tc e nceoft c t alc nge e nde e by
ny ndi dua s nd ga z tons s r c ons que
he ulur ha
nge r d

t Poti r Ag e m e .A ss h,t r i ltl dipu e t tt numberofhom e e shasbe n
he tnge r e nt
uc he e s ite s t ha he
ls
e
r duce c ywi fom 1 000t a ound 1000,at
e
d ount de r
0, o r
s
lhough t enum be sa ei pr ciebec us
hos
r r m e s
a e

oft ditc t ofc i t homel s Oft e,heove whel ngmaoiy ( r600)ar i
he fi uly ountng he
es. hos t
r mi
j rt ove
en
t Ciy ofM i mi Acc di t t U. Ce us t 201 popul ton esi t f t Ciy of
he t
a . or ng o he S. ns , he
7
ai
tma e or he t
M imi i 463, and t e tm a e f t Count i 2, , 3 M ea ng,e n t
a s
347
he si t or he
y s 751796.
ni
ve hough t
he
Ciy' po a i i onl a
t s pulton s y bout1 oft Count sover l populton,i i hom e t ove 60%
7%
he
y'
al
ai t s
o r
ofishomel s l d,M r Ronad L.Book,Chai oft Hom ees Tr t t tted t t66% of
t
es . ndee
.
l
r he
l s us , esii ha

alhomels i viuaspl e i s tr co fom t CiyofM imi ( . .2a 1 .
l
e s ndi d l ac d n hele s me r he t
a . Tr vol t 0)
Thus t r i ltl diput t tM i m ihas c ng is hom e es po a i ha de i d
, he e s i te s e ha a
ha ed, t
l s pul ton s clne

by 90% ,a t Ciy i t onl m uni pa iv outof3 i M i miDadeCount a t Co y'
nd he t s he v
ci lt
4 n a y nd he unt s

u n o p rtd ae , s b e tt tePo t g rAg e me t Alo b t sd sa r et a ar sig
nic r o ae ra4 u j c o h ti e r e n . s , oh i e g e h t re tn
n
3Seeh/ps/www.ens . quikf csf ttbl/ a ct i mimi dec yiordipsTo4f
:/
c usgov/ c a t/ac/a emimiiyiorda, a da ount i
zl7.
4I i e tm a ed t tt popu a i oft Coun y' uni por t d a e ex dsonem ilon r i n s
t s si t ha he
l ton he
t s ncor a e r a cee
li esde t ,
appr m aey36% oft t alpopulton. ehlps/www 8. im i de. gl / s am e/boutm im ida
oxi tl
he ot
ai Se
:/
m a da gov/ obaldicli ra - a - decouny. ge.
t pa
3

t homels i ne r a s uton bec us a r fom t c tt i l i pe m e s i i
he
e s s ve
ol i
a e, pa t r he onsiutona m di nt , t s
e nsve,notr ha lt tng,i huma a no t way t dea wih t t hr ni' hom ees ,
xpe i
e biia i n
ne, nd t he
o
l t he i o c'
c
l s
who s f rfom me a il s a s t nc a e a ci The s uton t t e pr e s
ufe r
nt l lnes es nd ubsa e bus ddi ton.
ol i o hos oblm

i b y n t s o eo a y p we gv n t tej d cay. t t eCo r d e ha et epo rt
s e o d he c p f n o r i e o h u iir Ye, h u t o s v h we o
e o cet pa te 'a ee ta o c s co t awa ha t powe t e or et Unie
nf r he ri s gr men nd f our e, urs l ys ve he
r o nf c he t d
St t Consiu i t pr t c i vi l fom unlwf a r s sa s i ur oft i pr ry.
aes
tt ton o o e t ndi dua s r
a ul re t nd e z es he r ope t
The diput i t s c e i sm pl t i
s e n hi as s i y he mpac t tt r na i t Poti r Agr men
t ha e mi tng he tnge
ee t

wilha on t c tt i lrght oft hom e e st be fe fom ha as m e , r ss a t
l ve he onsiutona i s he
ls o re r
r s nt are t , nd he
unlwf t ki oft i pr ry.Durng t l tt nt yea s s m uc ha c nged i how t
a ul a ng her ope t
i hc as we y r , o
h s ha
n
he
Ciy o M i mite t ishomel spop a i t tt Cour fndst Poti
t f a ras t
es
ulton ha he
t i he tngerAgr me s ul
ee nt ho d

i e be t r i t d.The c nge i t te t e oft homel s a e t die tr s toft
nde d
e m na e
ha s n he r am nt he
es r he r c e ul
he
vi ousc le by t Am e i a Ci lLi ri Uni at ne o be foft ho e e si
gor
ha lnge he
rc n vi be tes on tor ys n hal he m l s n
t sca e.
hi s
The Cour i u rno il i nst tt Ciy ofM i m iha r ol d hom e es nes . ,a
t s nde
lus o ha he t
a
s es ve
l s s But s

home e se r J
l s xpe t udge Stve Le f a a wine s f rt Pl i if ,t si d,M i m iha be om e
e
im n, t s o he antfs e tse
a
s c
t be tct i t coun r i de lng wih t hom ees .The heat c ii ,a
he s iy n he
ty n a i
t he
l s
lh rss boutwhi h t r i
c he e s
no diput i vi dr us ,pu i s x,a r nt i hom ees t mps' mus bedeatwih
s e nvol ng ug e blc e nd ode s n
l si
ca n
' t
l t

f t pr eci o t ho e e st evesa t ctze ,i l ng c l en,who lve a
or he ot ton f he m l s hems l nd he ii ns ncudi hidr
i nd

wak n a t e eg t rng . ya us bytea t rte i s be t oidiiua cv l ih ss is
l e r h s ahei s An b e h uho i s s u jc t n v d l ii rg t ut.
i
Una tnded pe s pr ry l ton publc sde ksa f nc , c pos publche lh a
te
ronal ope t ef
i i wal nd e es whih e
i at nd
s f t c nc r ,a e al we t be s i e an dipe e by t Ciy.Any a r tno ba e upon
a e y o e ns r lo d o
e z d d s ns d
he t
res t s d

p o a e c u e b te Ciy o Mimip lc d p rme twils b e tt e p lc t t e s me
r b bl a s y h t f a o ie e a t n l u j c h oie o h a
la lt whe he t agg i ve pa t i homel sorha ahom e.
ibiiy
t r he re d ry s
es
s

4

Ther f e t Ciy ofM im isM oto f Te mi ton i GRAN TED , nd t Pli tf s
e or , he t
a '
i n or r nai s
a he a n if '
M oton t Hol t Ciy i Cont mpti DENI
i o d he t n
e
s
ED.
l . N D I G S O F FA CT
1 FI N

Twe y yea s ago, t s Co t a ove a s tlm e bewe n a cas of Pl i if ,
nt
r
hi
ur ppr d
ete nt t e
l s
antfs

c itng ofho e e s i vi s a t Ciy of M i mi whe e t Pl ntfs lve Unied
onssi
m l s ndi dual, nd he t
a , r he ai if i d. t
St t s DititJ
a e src udge C.Cl At ns f
yde ki ound t Ciy ofM im iha unc tt i ly a r t
he t
a
d
onsiutona l resed
homel spe s nsf re
es r o o ngagi i lf -usani a t t we e f c t c
ng n ie s t i ng c s hey r or ed o onduc i publc s h
tn
i , uc
as s e pi c ng,e tng,s ti co e tng,a r i vi t s l s J
l e ng, ooki
ai
itng, ngr ga i
nd ele ng hem e ve . udge At ns f und
ki o

t Ciy (us d t a r tpr es f t ule i pum os ofdrvi homel sfom publc a e .
he t s e he res oc s or he t ror
e
i ng
es r
i r as'
'

Potn e v Ci o imi81 F. u p. 5 1 1 66( D. l . 9 2 .
tig r . t fM a , 0 S p 1 5 , 5 S. F a 1 9 )
y
Re ogni ng t lmie r e oft Cour i f s o ng a r m e J
c zi he i t d ol
he
t n a hi ni
e dy, udge At nsis d a
ki s ue

n g tv ij n to t a p o i tdt eCi fo a rsi h mee spe pl f rse pig e tn ,
e aie n u ci n h t r hbi h t r m retng o ls o e o le n , aig
e
y
l ig d wn,o stig i t s f z n she e tb ih d i d wn o M imi Th ij n to
yn o
r itn n wo a e o e
sa ls e n o t wn a . e nu cin
f t pr bie Ciy polc fom desr ng perona pr pe t bel ng t t hom e e s The
urher ohi td t
ie r
toyi
s l o ry ongi o he
ls .

ij n to ddn tp o btp lc fo ar sigh mee sp ro sf rci n la t.
nu cin i o rhii oie r m retn o ls e s n o rmia cs
The Sete e Ag ee e uli a ey r a hed i t sc s wast pr toft n yea sof
tlm nt r m nt tm t l e c
n hi a e
he oduc
e
r
ltga i a al,a e ensvem e a i Aferahe i t sCoul,a sgne t t ca e a tr
ii ton, ppe s nd xt i
diton. t
arng, hi
' s i d o he s fe
t
J
udgeAt ns a ove t Poti ge Agr eme , c hasbee i plcee rsnce
ki , ppr d he tn r e nt whih
n n a ve i .
Asm odiid i 201 t Cons tDe r de al a pr ocolt tg r Ciy ofM im i
fe n
4, he
en c ee t is
ot
ha ove ns t
a
polc i er c i wih t e e re i hom ees nes . Ciy polce m ay not a oac a
ie nt a tons t hos xpe i nc ng
l s s t
i
ppr h
hom el i vi ,w ho i not com m itng a cri e,unl s t appr
ess ndi dual
s
ti
m
es he
oach i t of er ser ces.
so f
vi

( nsntDe re,Def Exh.1 a 6- . w ih ceti e ptons t polce may no ar s or
Co e
ce
.
t 8)5 t ran xce i , he i
t ret
t e t n t a r s a hom e e spe s f comm itng t ie s t ni c
hr a e o re t ny
l s r on or
ti i f usai ng onduc midemea r ,'
l
t s
no s'
5Theco en De r ei a D. 38 The201 Adde
ns t c e s t E. 2.
4
ndum i a D. 525-1
s t E.
.
5

unl st y frtofe t i vi la a lbl s c i a s le wihi ct lm isorwihi a
es he is f r he ndi dua n vaia e pa e n het r t n iy i t
tn
mie oft e lmis and t i vi lr us st tofe .1 a 6,8.Upon r f alofa l e
l
hos i t ,
he ndi dua ef e ha f r d. t
e us
vaiabl

s le,t h mee si dv d a i s b ett ars i t ee i p o a e c u e t a a ci h s
hetr he o ls n ii u l s u j c o re t f h r s r b bl a s h t rme a
be n c
e omm it 1 The Cons tDe r lsst lf s t ni cond tmide ea sa does
ted. d.
en c ee it he ie-usai ng
uc s m nor nd
notpr bi polc fom a r tng i vi l f m ide nor noto t ls. 6 a 9- 1 M im i
ohi t ie r
resi ndi dua s or s mea s
n he it IL t 1 . a

polcene d no ofe s le prort a r tng a homels i vi lc mitng a f l I a
i e t f r het r i o resi
e s ndi dua om ti
eony. d t
1
2.
TheCons ntDe r as ofe spr t to f t pr pe t ofhome e si vi l. The
e
c ee lo f r o eci n or he o ry
l s ndi duas

Dec e r quie a 1Ciy e o e t f l pr edur s f tki c t ofpe s lpr ry
r e e r s 1 t mplye s o olow oc e or a ng usody
r ona ope t

a nott desr y pe s lpr ry r a ona y r cog z bl a be ongi t t hom ees . #.a
nd
o to r ona ope t e s bl e nia e s l ng o he
l sf t
1 1 TheDe r doesnotpr ve t Ciy fom de toyi c ami t pr t orpr pe t
2- 3.
c ee
e nt he t r
sr ng ont naed opery,
o ry

t tot r s pos sahe lh haz r 1 Thee de s
ha hewie e
at
a d. d.
vi nce howe t ta t
d ha lhough t Ciy hasr tne
he t
ou i

pr ocoli plc t Ciy o r c t m di not have wrte pr dur i pl c f r t
ot
n a e, he t utea h ea
d
it n oce es n a e o he
ha i ofpr ry whe t Pl ntfstld t i m oton f c empt6
ndlng
ope t
n he ai if le her i or ont
.
l ism o i t Ciy ofM i mis ks t tr i t t Cons ntDe r e,ora t ve y
n t ton, he t
a ee o e m na e he
e
ce
t he r

l s,modiy i i f dif r n wa .One pr e m odii a i i t e ude wha t Ciy
ea t
f t n our fe e t ys
opos d
fc ton s o xcl
t he t
cal t c o c ly homel sfom t pu vi w oft de r The ot rpr e m o fc ton
ls he hr nia l
es r he r e
he c ee.
he opos d diia i
woul pe mi as le s c a
d r t het r pa e nywhe ei M i miDa Count t be ofe ed i le ofare tf a
r n a - de
yo
f r n iu
r s or
lf s t i ng c
ie usani onduc m ide e no ,r t rt onl a s le wihi t ct lmis orwihi
t s m a r ahe han y het r t n he iy i t
t n

onem ie a i c r nty t ca e. Ciy as pr e t addii lmodii a i , c a e
l , s s ure l he s The t lo opos s wo
tona
fc tons whih r
t i ude l ngua pr hi tng t sor ofa hom el s pe s s bel ngson publc pr ry
o ncl
a
ge o bii he t age
es r on' ongi
i ope t

a e mptng fo t Dec e a tonst kenbyt Ciy i cea ngpu i a ea .
nd xe i r m he
re ci a
he t n l ni
blc r s
6Afe Cl i Ar
tr osng gume s,heCiy tld awrtenAdmi srtvePolcyAddr sng Tr t ntofHomels
nt t t se
it
nita i
i
es i eame
es
Pr ry.Be us t spolc wasnoti r
ope t
ca e hi iy
ntoduce a t evi ntal he i t Cour doesnotr y on i i r i
d t he de i y arng, he
t
el
t n ulng
ont motons
he i .
6

l isdic e i t Cour he d a evi nta y he rng t r s ve t diput is s of
n t s r ton, he
t l n de ir a i o e ol he s ed s ue
f c a t detr i wheher t Ciy c res is bur n t s
a t nd o
e m ne
t
he t ari t
de o how sgnii a c nge
i fc nt ha d

cr m sa e a s t nta c
icu t nc s nd ubsa il ompla ewih t Cons De r e.Thei r i f c -nt nsve.
inc t he
ent c e
nquiy s a ti e i

The tilc ' i k t wih br d dicr ton i g a tng orde ng dic y, See Kig v
ra oul s i ed t oa s ei n r n i
t ves
nyi s over '
'
n .

Gr e at,1 F. 9,1 ( s Ci.1 .Thi Cour al dt pari lmie dico r pror
e nbl t 49 3d 3 1t r 998) s
t lowe he tes i td s vey i
tc
o onduc i t evi ntar he rng.
tng he de i y a i

S mma yo a ge Cic msa c si teCf o i sn e1 9
u r fch n d r u tn e n h / fM ami ic 9 8
y
The t si ony wa une voc t tt Poti r Agr me was a ca ays f r a1 t
e tm
s qui al ha he tnge
ee nt
t l t o 1 he
sa ho de s i M i miDa Count t de s a oprae pr r st c ba home e s s I
tke l r n a - de
y o vi e ppr i t og am o om t
l s nes . t
wa a Snc i t pr de t s r ie fr t e p p lto . Tr v .4 8 .J d e S e e
s n d entve o ovi he evc s o h o u ai n' . ol , ) u g tv
i
'(

Lef a As oc ae Admi sr tve J
im n, s i t
nita i udge ofM im iDade Count s Crm i Di son,a t
a y' i nal vii nd he
Cha roft Fl i Supr m e Cour St e i Com m it on M en alH e t a Subs a e A bus
i
he orda
e
t e rng
tee
t
a1h nd
t nc
e

Cours t tfe t tCithasbee asg tc tmotvao f alt sa hol r t co u
t, esiid ha s l
g
n inii an
i tr or l he tke des o me p
wih a o it pr r on ho t de lwih t spo a i a i ha wor d. l a 7.
t ppr pra e og ams
w o a t hi pulton, nd t s ke ' d. t The
'
e de e s
vi nc howe t t t numbe s of hom ees pe s
d ha he
r
l s r ons i M im i has pl
n a
umm e e 1 The
t d. d.
e de a s s
vi nce lo howe t tt ' pul ton t twe ha lf on t sr e i dif r ntt n wha
d ha he t
po ai ha
ve e t he te t s f e e ha
t

we ha whe we fr t sa td. f Poti ge wa not de ope t addr s t m e a a
d
n
is t re ' #. tn r s
'
vel d o
e s he nt l nd
s tnc a ei s t tr i pr s nti ourcommuniy. twa prm a iy de s d t pr ve
ubsa e bus s ues ha ema n e e n
t l s i rl vie o e nt
t polcefom a r tng t home e si c ran cr
he i r
resi he
l s n e ti icumsa esa fo unlwf l t ki t i
tnc nd r m
a uly a ng he r

pr ry.The e de e s
ope t
vi nc howe itha a hi ve t te ' f a 1 The e de a s s
d i s c e d ha nd. J. t 5.
i
'
vi nce lo howe
d
t t t Ciy of M i i i unlkel t r ve t t t e polci gi n t m yr a of pr a s
ha he t
am s i y o e r o hos
i es ve he
id
ogr m
a l e t i a a m e t a d t hom el s Thos pr a s di note s w he Poti r was
vaiabl o t s
ans o i he
es .
e ogr m
d
xit
n
tnge

fld i 1
ie n 988.I i tue t t by t tme t Cons ntDec e was entr d,tn ye r a r t
t s r ha
he i he
e
re
e e e a s he he
ltga i be n,t w he s w e e i m oton a hom e es a d i ta i w e e begi ng t t ke
ii ton ga he
el r n
i nd
l s i nii tves r
nni o a
7

e vce
u ng va lbl n hi
s pe. I t t nt yea s snce t pr ie a i of s r i s and f ndi a ia e i t s
ha
n he we y r i , he olf r ton
c
omm uniy ha be n ta f m a i c usng a 90% r ton i t numbe ofhom ees .The e
t s e r ns or tve a i
educi n he
r
l s
r
i alo a ge r l c e us ofwha wor r m a ns a how t c p a y a t e r mai ng
s s
ne a ons ns
t k e i nd
o hi wa t hos e ni
s a itcs
t ts i .

1.Chan si Polce Wor
ge n i
k
The Ciy be n is pr e a i by c lng is Polc Chi fJ ge Colna a 28- rve e a
t ga t es nt ton
ali t
i e e or
i ,
yea t r n

oft f c a t c e snc J nuar 201 and J mes Be na ,a exe utve ofk e f t
he or e nd he hi f i e a y
8
a
r t n
c i
t r or he
Polc De rme ,a an 1l ye r ve e a wih t f c Chi Colna dic s d t Ciy'
i e pa t nt nd
- a t r n t he or e. ef i
s us e he t s
i t r pa t nt le f t t ai t hom ees ,i udi t Ciy' ne y f r e De t tof
n e de rme a fors o d he
l s ncl ng he t s wl o m d parmen

Huma Se vies ( .vol 1 60- ,94) Bot t tfe r gadi t c nge i polcng snc
n r c . Tr . , 61 . h esi d e r ng he ha s n ii i e
Potige t i e i N ow,e r Ciy ofs rwea sa body ca at r c d e age t wih
tn r s nc pton.
ve y t tce
r
mer o e or ng men s t
t pu i a e r ofi e ha a ce st a i e aci sm ul t t t a h t m ho t r a i
he blc nd ve y fc r s c s o n nt r tve i aor o e c he
w o ed n
dif r nts e ros 1 a 65- Eve y polc ve cl ha a c putr whe e ofi r ca wac
fe e c na i . d. t 67. r
ie hi e s om e , r fce s n th

tani vi
r i ng deosa a ce sDe t nt lOr r ,i l ng t e or r e ani how t te t
nd c s parme a de s ncudi hos de s xpli ng
o ra
t homels . d. t68- Al ofi e sr e vetai ngon Poti rt r quie e sa s na i
he
e s l a 69. l tc r ec i r ni
tnge s e r m nt nd ce roba e tani s t y a e wel- s d i t a oprae tea me oft hom e e s 1 a 5 55;
s d r i ng o he r
lvere n he ppr i t r t nt he
l s . d. t 4-

( f Ex 40 .
De . h. )
ChifColna t sii d t tt de rm e ha i eme e dici i r pr e essnc
e
i e tfe ha he pa t nt s mpl nt d s plna y oc dur i e
t Poti
he tnger a ee ntwas e e e 1 a 61.Any polc ofi r f
gr me
nt r d. d. t
i e tce ound t ha vi aed t
o ve olt he

o d ri s b e tt ds i ie u t a dicu i tr n to o ar s. d a 4 - . eicd n
r e s u j c o icpl , p o n n ldng emiain r re t 1 . t 7 48 On n i e t
n
i ol ng a homel s i vi ua na
nv vi
es ndi d l med J va Br
a
ooks i unde i si ton by t D e rm e ts
,s
r nve tgai
he pa t n '
l e na Afar . d.a 87- 7
nt r l f is 1 t 88.
7TheCour no e t tJ vaBr t tfedt ts hadr ce l cha
t t s ha a
ooks esii ha he
e nty ngtdhe na a herprorna wasJ va
r me nd
i me
a

Ho tn l tepla i stepat sueb t n me itrha g a l ( . o. ,1 )
uso .n h e dng ,h ri s oh a s nec n e by.Tr v l3 51.
e
8

Seci VI1 o t Po tn r Agr e e r quie t Ciy t ke r or of polce
ton l f he tige
e m nt e r s he t o ep ec ds
i
i er ci wih t hom e e s Pur ua t t a e men ,ofi e s doc e e r i e a ton
nt a ton t he
ls .
s nt o he gr e t fc r
um nt ve y nt r c i

wi a h mee s idv d a i t e f r o a Fil l f r to Cad.( f Ex
t
h o ls n ii u l n h o m f
ed n o main r De . h.
pt
ie t he ie
De rmen a Or 11 Cha e 1 r r t tt e c r be ke on fl wih t polc
pa t t l der , pt r 0 equies ha hes a ds

rc r su i l eteol l rr c r c tl g ig s tm. De . h. 5,1 0 . y n dipuei
e o d nt i h d i ay a d aao un yse ( f Ex 9 0 ) Be o d s t s
k
b
t tc nge i t chnol
ha ha s n e
ogy,i l ng body c m e asand cel a phones r nde t sr quieme
ncudi
a r
lulr
, e r hi e r nt
ofa t ar c t l ue'a c c a obs e e. Cour obs r e vi ot pe evi ncedoc ntng
k d a aog ' r hai nd olt The
c
t e v d de a
de
ume i

p lc i tr ci n wiht eh mee si t i c s . P1Ex 5 8 3 , 9 . t ug t eeaema y
o ie nea to s t h o ls n h s a e ( . h. 7 - 7 3 ) Al h h r r n
ho
e
ogy, s el hel d
ur y pe
conti i f c or , t ta pa e y i polc wor c e by t chnol
rbutng a t s he r ns r nc n ie
k, aus d

p e iiaetes ap d ci ei ars saitc r lt gt h mee sid vd as ( . o . 3 )
r cp tt h h r e ln n re t ttsis eai o o ls n i iu l. Tr v l4, 0 .
n

J. n igCh n e a dt eDe eo n o h Co tn u o r
Fu dn a g s n h v lpme t fte n iu m fca e
The e de e de c i ed t cha
vi nc s rb he ngesi f ng efo t i M i n undi
f rs n amiDade Count snce t
y i he
i p i n oft Poti rAgr me . Ro l L.Book, he Char a oft Hom ees Tr tf
nce to
he tnge
ee nt nad
t
im n he
l s us or
t l s de de,t tfe ast t f ndi e f t t as itt hom e e si t sc
he a t ca esiid o he u ng fors o s s he
l s n hi omm uniy.Pror
t i

t s r ng ast Charoft Ho e e sTr t M r Book char d t fna comm ite snc t
o e vi
he
i he m l s us , .
ie he i nce
te i e he
H om el s Tr s ' c ea i ove 24 yea s a M r Book be n hi w or 25 ye s a o a
e s u ts r ton
r
r go. .
ga s
k
ar go n

lgil i efor t pas t f a be r tx i M i e satve f to s he ood nd veage a n amiDadeCount ( .vol 2,5-) The
y. Tr . 6 .
tx wa a out r t oft Gove norsComm ison on Ho e e s s a pa4ofa l yea pln
a
s n g ow'
h he
r '
si
m l s ne s nd l
o- r a
t e homel s s i M i miDa Coun y.1 The Homel s Tr ti t f ng s c a
o nd
es ne s n a - de
t d.
es us s he undi our e nd
ove s e oft pa pl ofs r ce f t hom ees ,known ast c i
r e r he no y
e vi s or he
l s
he ontnuum ofc r i M imi
ae n a D a Coun y.l Twent s ven m e ber pa tc pa e on t publc boa d t t ad i s e s t
de
t d
y- e
m s rii t
he
i
r ha m ni t r he

f a be r ge t x dola s f der l a sa e gr nt, a ot r r nue sr n s I The
ood nd ve a a
l r , e a nd t t a s nd he eve
te m . d
c tnuum o c r was c e t d t pr de a 1 t pr ams a s r c nee d t e
on i
f ae
r a e o ovi 1 he ogr
nd e vies
de o nd

9

ho e e s s 1 a 7.l sa t wih t Ciy ofM i mis outea h t ams kno a t Gr e
m l s nes . d. t t t rs t he t
a '
r c e , wn s he e n

Shit,ma ofwhom a e f me l ho e e si vi l t ms l s The Gr e Shit wor on
rs ny
r or ry m l s ndi dua s he eve .
e n rs k
brngi t hom ees i o t c i
i ng he
l s nt he ontnuum ofc e,whi h i l s m e ca c e m e a he lh
ar
c ncude
di l ar , nt l at
c
ouns lng,s t ncea alohola eteam e ,s tr a housng. 6 a 1
ei ubsa
nd c
bus r t nt hele , nd
i 1L t 0.
The Ciy' oute c efo t a e k omplt l i e t ne 'wih t Homel s Tr t 1 a
t s r a h f rs r ç
c
e ey nt rwi d' t he
es us . d. t
9.The Tr t o
us wns t Home e s As it nc Ce e s i is pa t r hi wih t Cha a
wo
ls
ssa e ntr , n t rne s p t he
pm n

Pa t rhi 1 a 10.TheCiy' oute c wor r brngt ho ls i vi l (r t Ciy
rnes p.d. t
t s ra h kes i he mee s ndi duas fom he t
o M imia ot rge a cae )t t ece es t ho ls ca
f a nd he ogrphi ras o hes ntr; he mee s nnotsmpl wak i o a
i y l nt
c nt rf a ssa e.1 The pl c men si t Cha
e e or s it nc d.
a e t n he
pman Homel sAs it nc Ce er a e66%
es ssa e nt s r
de i d fom t Ciy ofM im i 1 l t 24 yea ssnc t cr a i oft Hom ees Tr t t
rve r he t
a . d. n he
r i e he e ton he
l s us, he
Count sa td wih ove 8, sr tuns t r homel s i vi s a t tnum be ha
y t re
t
r 000 tee
hele ed
es ndi dual, nd ha
r s

pl
umm eed t 1 1 1 a 11. t r hl 1, homel si t Count a oxi a ey 66
t o , 04. d. t Of he oug y 000
es n he
y, ppr m t l 4
a e i t Ciy ofM i m i 1 a 11 1 M r Book t sii d t r ha be a 90% r duc i i t
r n he t
a . d. t , 7. .
e tte he e s en
e ton n he

Ciy ofM im ia c y desnc t sa toft Hom ees Tr t 1 a 11
t
a nd ount wi i e he t r he
l s us . d. t .
The Depa t e ofHousng a Ur n Deve o nta s pr desf ng a dit t s
rm nt
i nd ba
l pme lo ovi undi nd c a e

c ran sa d r a p oo osf rh mee si dvd ast a c s te s se ( .v l 2 7 )
eti tn ads nd r tc l o o ls n iiu l o c e s h y tm. Tr o . , 9 .
c ovi s
ti or
The Home e s Tr t de ope a Coor natd Enty Sysem ,whi h pr de a ho lne f
l s us vel d
di e
r
t

homels i vi s t c l f ai f The e de e s
e s ndi dual o al or d. #.
vi nc howed t hom e e s i vi s
hat
l s ndi dual

s mei sha et c lt eh tief r3 d yso mo et g tit as le . d a 7 - 04Tr v l
o tme v o al h o l o 0 a r r o e n o hetr 1 . t 9 8 ( . o .
n
3 5 - ) Th Ca l Ho s Da Ce trp o d sp o e frte t c lt eh tie ( . o .
, 0 51. e mil
us u e y n e r vie h n s o h m o al h o l . Tr v l
n
2,8 .
0)
The moni ge r td by t Homel sTr tfom t f a be r t x a eus d a
es ne ae
he
es us r he ood nd ve age a r e s
a elsi ba 1 a 1
n a tc nd. d. t 3.W he t Tr tpr de f ng t t dif r ntc muniy- e
n he us ovi s undi o he f e e om
t bas d

1
0

or ni tons s h
ga zai , uc

a Ca lus Ho e a t Sava i Ar y, t Tr t e c s t e
s mil
us nd he l ton m
he us xpe t hes

or niatons t us t e f
ga z i o e hos unds a l er ge t obt i a tona gr nt a f
s ev a o an ddii l a s nd undst buy m or
o
e

be and unisofhousng.1 Oft f
ds
t
i d. he undsc l c e by t Tr t a o m a e y 33 t 34% a e
ole t d he us, ppr xi t l
o
r
ge r t d i t Ciy ofM i mi whih i t domi nts c off a beve ag t x r ve s
ne a e n he t
a , c s he
na our e ood nd
r e a e nue
i t Cou y. 1 The Poti ge Ag e m e hasno i pa ton t c l c i oft f a
n he
nt B d
tn r r e nt
m c
he ole ton
he ood nd
be r getx. é a 15.
ve a a 1 t

r ndez t
, he
Ca il Hous i a ke c
m lus
es
y omponentoft con i m ofc r Hida M .Fe na
he tnuu
a e. l

CEO o Ca lusH o e,a M i sr of St J ofGod,t si d r ar ng t or ni a i s
f mil
us
nity
. ohn
e tfe eg di he ga z ton'
wor wih t homel s i M im iDa Count 1 a 5 Ca il Hous Oper t s pr a s
k t he
es n a - de
y. d. t 0. m lus
e
a e ogr m

t oughoutt c y s vi a
hr
he ount er ng bout1 1 pe edaiy. d a 51.So e oft pr r m si l de
, 00 opl l l t
m
he og a nc u

teLa au p oe twhc i ap o rm ta i ac mbnain o e l y e fo Ca lu Ho s
h z r s rjc, ih s r g a h t s o i to f mp o e s rm mi s u e
l
a Ca il He t I at5 The media a ssa s a ps hi rc nur e pr cii ne ,a t
nd m lus alh. d
2.
c l s it nt , yc ati
s a tto r nd he

Gr e Shit e ge t ha des t s r ,s ve ey me al ilc oni a l home e s media e
e n rs nga he r t o e ve e r l nt ly l hr c ly
ls ,
ct
t m ont sr t a ge t m s fcinty sa et entrt contnuum ofca e. d.Dr Edwa d
he
he tee , nd t he ufi e l t bl o e he
i
r I
.
r
Sua e t f me diecor of t La au Prj c,tsiid ta te ie i t g th mee s
r z, he or r r t
he z r s oe t e tfe h t h d a s o e o ls

i v dua ssa td on ne es a y m e cai a t a whiet a i housng. d.a 94ndi i l t re
c s r di ton nd her py l hey wat
i 1 t 95.
Ca il alo pr de a da ce e t s r t sr ethome es ,al ng i vi l t
m lus s ovi s
y ntr o e ve he te
l s lowi ndi duas o
c
ome i a ac es s
n nd c s howe s cot ng,a ho br kf s,and mai s vi I a 5 Camil
r , l hi
t ea a t
l er ce. d. t 2.
lus
ope a eswih a sse age y,Ca il Heat Conc r whi pr de a c i con t Ca lus
rt
t it r nc
m lus 1h
e n, ch ovi s lni
he mil

c mpus whih pr de he lhc r s r c st t e t tc e i o t da pr a .1 a 55.
a
, c ovi s a t a e e vi e o hos ha om nt he y ogr m d. t
Ca il pr des t mpo ar sor whie pe e ar a ce sng s r c on t Ca lus
m lus ovi
e r y t age
l opl e c s i e vi es
he mil

BThef a be r tx i notc gedi t ctesofM i Be h,Ba Habour andSu fi whih c r
ood nd veage a s
har n he ii
ami ac 1 r ,
r sde, c ha ge
t im-e ae t s TheCiy ofM i Bea h pr desf
ours rlt d axe .
t
ami c ovi undst buybe i t c i
o
ds n he ontnuum ofca ea c di t
r nd oor naes
wiht Homees Tr s i t r r W he t Ciy ofM i Be hpu c s be ,ohe i t be a ei
t he
l s u t n hat ega d.
n he t
ami ac r ha es ds ntmes he ds r n

teCi o Mimi( . o. 1 -5 .
h t f a .Tr v l2, 3 1 )
y

c mpus 1 a 5 The or ni a i a s pr de e ge ho i team e pr r ms a
a
. d. t 2.
ga z ton lo ovi s mer ncy usng, r t nt og a , nd
pe ma n s
r ne t uppored housng.I a 52- I pr di a1 t e s vi s Ca il s r
t
i
d t 53. n ovi ng 1 hes er ce , m lus e ves

va i popultons i l ng u c m pa e hom ees yout vitm s of huma tafiki
rous
a i , ncudi na co ni d
l s
h, c i
n r fc ng,

a ve e a .I
nd t r ns d
For t l t ffe yea s Ca il has be n pr di pe m a nt housng,whih i
he as iten
r , m lus
e ovi ng r ne
i
c s

known a t Ho i Fis m ode i t c i
s he usng r t
l n he ontnuum ofca e.f Thi i housng f i vi l
r J. s s
i or ndi duas
m ovi outofhom ees ne s wh0 do n0tne d i ensve s
ng
l s s,
e nt i uppor s r c ,and c pa r duc d
t e vies
an y e e
r nt t lve i f ciii owned by Ca il . d The e a eon-ie ci cinst tpr de s r ce
e s o i n a ltes
m lus l
r r
st lni a ha ovi e vi s
t i vi l i per a nts ppo td housng. d at56.
o ndi dua s n m ne u re
i l
I a ton t Ca il Hous s pa t r hi wih t Ciy of M i mi on t La r
n ddii o m lus
e' rne s p t he t
a
he za us

Prj c,h Ci h sa a r e n wi Ca l t f ds etrb dsa p o ies p r f rt
oe t te t a n g e me t t mil o un h l e nd r vd u po t o he
y
h
us
e
Ca il Da Ce e pr a .I a 56- The Ciy f
m lus y nt r ogr m d t 57.
t unds 75 beds 65 a e ext d-t y be ,
, r
ende sa ds
a 1 a e 24nd 0 r
hour b .I at59.For e Ciy Com mi sone M a c Sa nof t tfed t tt
eds d
m r t
s i r r r f esii ha he

0 li
lr , o d m lus
e' eoc ton o t
Ciy pr ded f ng, $1 milon dola s t ai Ca il Hous s r l a i t is new
t ovi
undi

ca
mpus.Tr vol2, .
( . . 30)

J T eCh o ial Ho ls a d Our a hE f rs
. h r nc l mees n te c fo t
y
The Ciy' outea h e f t ha a s c ng snce t i e i of t Poti
t s r c fors ve lo ha ed i
he nc pton
he tnger
Agr e t The r co d de onsr t a r e e a
e men .
e r
m taes g e m nt mong Ciy polce a ad i sr ton t t
t
i nd m nita i ha
a r tng home e si vi l i nota e f tver m e sncet hom ees i vi uasr t n t
resi
l s ndi dua s s
n feci e dy i he
l s ndi d l e ur o

t sr e s wihi a s t tme. The Ciy c e ed oute h oper tons t m ove hom ees
he te t t n
hor i
t r at
r ac
ai
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pr ryofhomels i vi l:( )aldepa me smus tf l t i own i ena pr edurs
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l

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ac
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W he a outea h wor ra sssa homels i vi li o as le , he wo ke f l
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r r olows

a p o e u e t d a wih te p o e t ( .v l 1 2 849 25 .W h n a h mee sidviu l
r c d r o e l t h r p ry. Tr o . , 4 - , 4) e
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s nt rng he t r a
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47.
l t tst ton,t oute h wo ke wilgo tzoug t pr ry a s r e ie s ofvaue,
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ah r d y he u ra h e m l De. h. 8 p t g a hs f oe n e c s. e oie
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on ai n ddr s nd
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hi

a y.( .v l 6 4 - 9 .Th o te c ta par l t s a e sf rd yswh r t e p o e t
wa Tr o . , 8 4 ) e ur a h e m to s ho e ra o a
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d
a n n he ve om ne s ooki o s l ngs d. t 47. y
hom e e s pe s Robe t Rhode , t s ii d t t he a t m pt d t r ti ve hi pr pe t f om t
l s r on,
r
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f iiy,a wa una et dos ( . l 3,1 1 .
aclt nd s bl o o. Tr vo. 7- 8)

2018 Clane ups
The Ciy o r ac wor r unquesi bl be
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M im ia e i 201 due t heat a s niai co e nsfom t homel se a pmen s.
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te d ont mi t d
ie s I i i r tvet tt sbec di t d wih polcei t s
t m . t s mpe ai ha hi
oor na e t
i n he e
l tons a be pa r l i t f ur t e ur t t hom e e s
ocai
nd
toled n he ut e o ns e ha
ls
i vi s do no r t n t t s l ato . The Homel s
ndi dual
t e ur o he e oc i ns
es
O utea h s a f w il be i f l c pla
r c tf
l
n ul om i nce w ih t Poti r
t he
tnge
Agr e e . e e s et ea beow .
e m nt Pl as e hr d l

( .Exh.601 65 a 1;( .vol 1 8 ) Th De u y Ciy Atone Ba n b M i as wr t a
Pl
- t ) Tr . , 2 . e p t t tr y r a y n lo o e n
e alt ot r As itnt Ciy Ator ys r si t tt y f l u wih M it Vi ke s t
m i o he
ssa
t t ne eque tng ha he olow- p t
lon c r o

ma es r t ece n-psweePotn rc mpl n . P1 Ex 6 - ) Th e ie e s o d ta
k u e h la u
r tige o i t ( . h. 014 . e vd nc h we h t
a
t Ciy tid t r l a e t i viua s t t we e lvi i t clan- a e t a ia e
he t re o eoc t he ndi d l ha
r i ng n he e up r as o va lbl

s tr a t ti vi l rt ne t t s t a trt cea ups ( .vol 3,1 ( si
hele s nd ha ndi duas eur d o he pos fe he l n- . Tr . 3) Tetmony
ofRober Rhodes (ttng hewakeddown t sr twih hi bel ngswhiet Ciypowe
t
) sai
l
he tee t s ongi
l he t
r
wahedt sr ta hert ne ltrt ta t noon a se i t smel tont tni ..
s he tee nd eur d ae ha fer
nd lpt n he a ocai ha ght)
Tha t Ciy w ant t pr
t he t
ed o eventt s or and unsaniar condii f om r m ani es i afer
he qual
t y
tons r
ef tng t

c pl tng a cl a up i no a Poti ge vi a i R a he , t cl an- ef ols i e t t
om e i
e n- s t
tn r ol ton. t r he e up f ' nur o he
t
l
8

be ttoft homels see ng on t sde l .Ove a l t e denc s wed t Ciy wa
nei
he
e s l pi
he i waks
r l, he vi e ho
he t s
wor ng t ce n t sr t f t publcwela e,whie as meei isPotige oblgai .
ki o la he tee s or he
i
fr
l lo
tng t
tn r i tons
On Se e
pt mber1 201 t Fl i De t ntofHe t notted t Ciy ofa s c fc
9, 8, he orda parme
alh ii he t
pe ii
a e of c er l t be w e 1 h a 1 h St e t and be w e n N W 1 ta 2 d Ave s i
ra
onc n oca ed t en 3t nd 4t r e s
t e
S nd n
nue n

Ove t
rown,anei
ghbor
hood i M im inorh oft downt
n a
t
he
own a e The De rmen i c e t t
r a.
pa t t ndiatd ha

t s ae sweeasg iia t u i h at c n e na dweeb i gi v si ae ( E. 5 - )1
hee r a r in fc n p bl e l o c r n r en n etg td.D. 6 8 1.1
c
h
The cla up ha t be ha e wih t as itnc ofa s cilz bi za d wase cea up
e nd o
ndld t he ssa e
pe a ied oha r
t l n-

c e Vi o e de e s
r w. de vi nc howe hum a f c ,r t ,and c a i t d ie s i t a e J
d
n e es a s
ont m na e t m n he r a. udge
Le f a t tfed t t he obs r ed t s st undert e es way over s ,i t Ove twn
im n esii ha
e v hi ie
he xpr s
pa s n he
ro

s cin o M imi wh c hed srb d a a p bi h at c ii.( .v l 4,1 ) dtwa l e a
e to f a , ih
e c ie s u lc e lh rss Tr o . 2 . d s i
l
k
horo movi .The e wer a 1 ofwome usng rghti fontofus The e we e nee esha ng
rr
e
r
e ot
n i i nr
. r r
dl
ngi

outof dif r ntpa t oft i bod M a we e c l ps d l ng on t sr e ha fna d.The e
fe e
rs her y. ny r ola e yi
he te t l ke
r
we e r t r l i a ound,t r we e ne ese r
r a s um ng r
he e r edl ve ywhe e.l wasa Opi d de ...The e wa a
r t
n oi n
r s
bi c er t ti we dit bed t st t qui kl t e il s es woul s e d. I J
g onc n ha f
sur
he ie oo c y hos lne s
d pr a ' d udge
'

Lef a t tfe t ta young boy wa wal ng t ough t a eaon hi wa t s hooland gothi
im n esiid ha
s ki hr
he r
s yo c
s
ha on f ntnyla di I at21 Des t t gr viy oft st ton,t r was notone
nds
e a
nd ed. d
. pie he a t
he iuai he e
a r s . d a 1 20.W ih r r t t s s t ,J
r e t l t 5,
t ega ds o hi ie udge Le f a t tfed t 30 pe e w e e m ove
im n esi i hat
opl r
d

i o te t nt wihi a we k a pr ry was a opra el t n.He di n0 wine s Ciy
nt r a me
tn
e nd ope t
ppr it y ake
d t t s t
ofi a s s zng a de toyi pe s na pr pe t l a 20. He not d t t fom wha he
fcil eii nd sr ng r o l o ry. d t
e ha r
t

obs l d,howe r t tm ate s sa wha e e s wasbei us d f se p we e no ftf
ewe
ve , ha tr s e nd
t ver le
ng e or l e
r t i or

huma us 1 .Dr Suae wasalo i vedi t sce n- oft sOve t st.( .vol 2,
n e. d . rz
s nvol n hi la up hi
rown ie Tr .

l1 .Onc i wa cea t t r wa a H1 newok,Dr Suarz sat t tCiy wor r
0)
e t s l r hat he e s n V t r
. e t ed ha t
kes
1 Th Ci fldamoinfr u iil oieo t FoiaDe at n o He l lte.Th Plitf ddn to oe
l e t i
y e
to o j dca n tc fhe lrd p rme t f at etr e anif i o pp s
h
t rqu tast t spariulrdoc ntandt moton i gr ntd a t t sdoc
he e es o hi tc a
ume
he i s a e s o hi ument
.

unde sood t t homels i vi l i t sa e c d notbe dipe s d a t twhe t
rt
hat he
e s ndi dua s n hi r a oul
s r e nd ha
n he
a opraetm ec m e t y woul wor t ge t pe ei o s le s l a 111.
ppr it i a , he
d k o t he opl nt het r . d t
TheCiy pr ocolf e cu i t cla upsi l sposi notc a las s ve days
t ot
or xe tng he e n- nc ude
tng i es t e t e n

p i r ot ece n-p. Tr v l 1 23 - 6 21 - 7 ; Tr v l2 65 . ntet we k la igu t
ro t h la u ( . o . , 5 3 ; 6 1 ) ( . o . , ) l h wo e s e dn p o
a cea up,t Ciy outea h wor s woul pr de i r as d efors t pl c t i i dua s
l n- he t
r c
ker
d ovi nc e e f t o a e he nd vi l

lvi i c ti ae ofdownt i a lbl s t s l ;( .vo.6,43) Ca lusHous
i ng n eran ras
own n vaia e heler. d Tr l
. mil
e

e u e t eeaebe sa alb ewhe t o te c ta ie tf ae sf rce n-ps ( . o .
ns rs h r r d v ia l
n he ur a h e ms d niy r a o la u .Tr v l2,
6 .Thee de s d t r i dal e age ,whih me nst tt outea h ta go
4)
vi nce howe hee s iy ng ment c a ha he r c e ms
out dal a dif r nt tmes t ofe i vi s pl e e opporunii s as ofe a pos i e
iy t fe e i
o f r ndi dual ac m nt
t te
tn s sbl

b or t cea up.z ( .vol 2,65- ;( .vol 6,43- ) M uc lke t Ciy' ge r l
ef e he l n- l Tr .
66) Tr .
45 . h i he t s ne a
pr oc f ha i pr ry,t outea h wo ke sf l wed t s me pr e e durng c e not ol or ndlng ope t he r c
r r olo
he a
oc dur
i la
u . I t oute c wor r i ntf a hi i pora - s h as i ntfc ton c r or
ps f he r a h
ke s de iy nyt ng m tnt uc
de i a i a ds

me iain - t y iv no y a d so e te p o e t Th y d s ad c na n td p o e t ( .
dc to s he n e tr n tr h r p ry. e ic r o tmi ae r p ry. Tr
vol 1 24849) Theoute chwor r la anotcef pr ryt ytket sorgeordic r
., - .
ra
kes e ve
i or ope t he a o t a
s ad.
( .vol 2,65 ;( .Exh.28 .ThePli if diput t t enot weelf a a g t r
Tr . ) Def
)
antfs s e hat hes es r e t nd r ue hee
wa no gua a e t tt owneroft pr ry woul r cevet eno es Theevi nc s
s
r nt e ha he
he ope t
d e i hes t .
de e howe
d
a f w e mpl swhe e t ha
e xa e
r he ndwrte not swe e pl ed on a f e,s t tt y woul not
it n e r ac
enc uch ha he
d

e sl bl w a
a iy o way.Thehandwrten not pr de a a e swhe et Ciy t t una tnde
it
es ovi d n ddr s
r he t ook he te d
pe s lpr ry. d.
r ona ope t l

t tfe a
esiid bout t c e n- sa i t t t t a c
he l a ups t tng ha he e m omes wih
t
Dr Edwar Sua e
.
d
rz
S nga me t s bo te ofwae ,f
k ge nt ool : tls
e
tr ood,blnkes W e do notgo i t r wih t i a of ..
a t.
n he e t he de .

ds e sngo k c i p o eo tb c u et a d e n' h l Tha j ts r a st p o lm a r s
ip ri r ikng e pl u e a s h t o s t ep. t us p e d he r b e co s
t ct a we us enga
he iy, nd
e
geme t s t buid r ppor. So t cla up i r ly r p r
nt ool o l a
t
he e n- s eal a po t
1 Cl n- ar alor f r t a e ampme cos r sont r c d.( .vol2,6 .
2 ea ups e s eered o s nc
nt l u e he e or Tr . 4)
20

buidi '( .vol 2,103) Dr Suaeze aned t the s
l ng. Tr .
'
. . r xpli ha
howsup wih t Ciy empl st
t he t
oyee o
pe f m t c e n- a t y a k t i vi st m ove.The ofe t m c e n cl hes W hie
ror he l a up nd he s he ndi dual o
y f r he l a ot . l
t cea up i goi on,t i vi sa e ofer d det a Ba n Be vi a ors trbe .
he l n- s ng
he ndi dual r f e
ox t nya
ha or l hele ds
The wor wih Ca lus a t Hom ees Tr t t e lr t r a e s tr be a ia e
y
k t
mil nd he
l s us o nsze he e r hele ds val bl
durng a cla up.I atl 1 He a s t sii d t tt y a k i vi l t ç
i
e n- d. 04- 05.
lo e tfe ha he s ndi duas o s
move f altl
or ite
bi u i wecla eve yt ng,a t r mor t n welom et c ebac t t ts . l
t ntl
e n r hi nd hey'e e ha
c
o om
k o ha pot' d
'

Pli if pr s nt d t ts i
antfs e e e he e tmony ofove t ry ho e e si vi s i l ng t ca s
r hit m l s ndi dual, ncudi he ls
r pr e ai Davi Pee y.Cumul i y,t hom ees wine s st s ii aboutwha oc r e
e es nt tve
d r
atvel he
l s t s e e tfed
t cu r d

durng t c e n- .3The Pli if pr e e t si ony t tt clan- i t Lot 1 a ea
i he l a ups l
a ntfs es nt d e tm
ha he e ups n he
6 r

woul sar ve y e ry i t mor ng. Tha a a s r as
d t t r a l n he
ni
t ppe r e onabl s a not t i de bo h
e o s
o mpe
t
ve c a and pe sra ta fc,whih i r as teme
hiul r
de tin r fi
c nc e es r ndousy ast andsofe pl esc e
l
hous
m oye om

t wo k be or 8: am .The homels wine s st siid t tofi e s a Gr en Shit woul
o r f e 00 .
e s t s e e tfe ha fc r nd e
rs
d

s
ound l ud noie , s ne brght lght, a r ques t home e s who a e see ng o t
o
s s hi
i i s nd e t he
ls ,
r l pi n he

sd wak , v s ta te c u dp e s r ce n tesd wak .( . o . ,1 , 2, 6 . fc r
ie ls mo e o h t h y o l rs ue la h ie l s Tr v l 3 2 4 7 ) Ofie
J e Ga ve who w or wih t Ciy' N e g
os
l z,
ks t he t s i hbor
hood Enha e e Tea ,t s i i d r ga di
nc m nt m e tfe e r ng

t cea ups As a nei
he l n- .
ghbor
hood r s r ofie ,he goe t c m u t m e i t a e s
e ou ce fc r
s o om niy etngs o ddr s

is e i t ed wno M imiae . Tr v l , 0 ) Ofie Gav ztsiidta t eCi sa t
su s n h o twn a ra ( . o .1 2 3 . fc r l e e tfe h t h t trs
y
t cea upse ry i t mor ng be or 8 a. . d a 204.TheN eghbor
he l na l n he ni
f e m l t
i
hood Soldwaset ms
i
t ea
drve tuc t co l tbul ie si t sr e soron t c b.l at207.
i r ks o lec ky tm n he te t
he ur d

The ma rt tt Ciy ha e pe s
nne ha he t ndl d r onalpr ry durng t clan- i ve m e l
ope t
i he e ups s he nty
c t s e i t s pr e ng.W he pr r y i f
on e t d n hi oce di
n ope t s ound,t N e g
he i hbor
hood Sold W a t t n w il
i
se e m l
1 Th r a eafw a e swh r t ece n u so c re :l t edo t a e k owna Lo l , mu i p l akig
3 e e r e r a e e h la - p c u r d ) h wnown r a n
s t 6 a ncia p r n
l ea toft M i iRi runde t 195unde pa s bou d byt M im iRi ron t e t S. .1t r e ont
ot s he am ve
r he r s , nde
he a
ve
he as, W SSte t he

n rh, n S. . rsre o tesuh; )Ov ro ae u d rte13 5ov r s o N. . 1ha d 1 tsres
ot a d W 3d te t n h o t 2 e twn ra n e h - 9 epas n W 1 ' n 3h te t
b t e N. . 5a d2 dAv n e ; )t ed wn o ae b t eo d Ma y' o F a lrsr e; )N. . t sr e b
ewe n W 1t n n e u s 3 h o t wn r a y h l c s n l ge te t 4 W 6h te t y
ten w Brg tiesaina do eblc fo ti c u tou e 4)h d wno ae b Go en n Ce trar s
h e ihl tto n n o k r m hs o rh s; te o twn ra y v r me t ne co s
n
tesre fo ti c u toue a d5 Pec c P r i Co o u Gr v .
h te t rm hs o rh s; n ) a o k ak n c n t o e

tke c a na e unatende pr ry,s h asca ,f
a ont mi t d
t d ope t uc
ns ood,ors l s e s.f a 21 Ofi e
oied he t #. t 0. fc r
Gave s i t t m doe notdic r a ndo d bookba ,whih he s ysa e l f i t m i e
l z a d he ea
s
s a d ba ne
gs
c
a r e t n he ddl

ofe r hi l l vi o f age t Cour obs r d t ofi e spl c ng s e sa m ates es
ve yt ng. d. n de oot , he
t e ve he fc r a i he t nd tr s ,
a ta h bags i a pie t be dic r d.Agan,s h a tons a ar r a onabl due t t
nd r s
n
l o
s a de
i uc c i
ppe e s
e
o he
e de e ofc a i ton a t s e ofdiea e .Howe r una t d bi ycls, c pos
vi nc
ontm na i nd he pr ad
s ss
ve , tende c e whih e
no s h heat rs we e l tby t ce up cr wson t sr e .Ofi rGavez t tfed a ut
uc
lh ik, r ef
he lane
he te t fce l esii bo
t ne d t p e s e wa h t sr e on 1 t Ste ta Sout s 2nd Ave
he e o r s ur
s he te t
s r e nd
hwe t
nue,bec us oft
a e he
a o of huma f ce ,urne a con a i t d s t i t a e 1 a 213.Du i t
m unt
n e s i , nd
t m na e hee s n he r a. d. t
rng he
pr s ur wa hi t hom e e swe eas t move,e i t y we e see ng,a ma we
e s e s ng, he
l s r ked o
ven f he
r l pi nd ny nt

ac os t sr e t a e pt pa ki l .1 a 21 The we e ag n ofe e a ia e s tr
r s he te t o n m y r ng ot d. t 4. y r ai f r d val bl hele ,
whih i c r a e by t t si
c s orobor t d
he e tmony ofHida Fe na
l
r ndez,who t sii d t tCa il Hous
e tfe ha m lus
e
s t a i bedsdurng c e n- s t tt afe t d i vi s woul have a pl e t go.Dr
e s sde
i l a ups o ha he f c e ndi dual
d
ac o
.
Sua e a s t tfe t t a f ctd i vi l we e ofe e a opporuniy t go t a deox
r z lo esii d ha fe e ndi dua s r f r d n
t t o
o
t

fciiy.( .vol 2,64,1 . Nei hood Sold W at t m dicade whae rpr ry
a lt Tr .
05) The ghbor
i se ea s r d tve ope t
t home e sno l nge wa t t ke p a wo d pr deba s t y coul c ry t i pe s l
he
ls
o r n ed o e nd ul ovi
gs o he
d a r her r ona

bel ngs ( .vol 1,21 21 .Ofi rGal zco r ae t tnotc woul beposedf a
ongi . Tr .
5- 6) tce ve robortd ha ie
d
t or

ce nu ato g h d d n td i h ms l.1 .a 21 - 7,21 ( .vo .3 8 ) ( mee s
la -p, l u h e i o o t i ef d t 6 1
h
9; Tr l , 9 ho ls
i vi ltsiyi t tdheewe esgnsup s ngt tt weegoi t bece ni '.
ndi dua etf ng ha s r r i
t
ayi ha hey r ng o la ng.)
'
Al ta 1t ho e e swine s t sii d t tt y s Ciy wor r t ke pr ry.A
mos l he m l s t s es e tfe ha he aw t
ke s a
ope t

f t tfe t tt y pe s l wines e eihe t i own or ot r pe e' pr t beng
ew esii d ha he ronaly t s d t r her
he opl s opery i
s i e Seve a wines e t sii d g ne a l t tt y ha wine s d Ciy ofM im ie oye s
e z d.
r l t s s e tfe e r ly ha he d t s e t
a
mpl e

t owi unatnde pr ry it tucks ( .vol 5,1 .Fo t mos pa tt tsi
hr ng te d ope t no r . Tr . 8) r he t r, he etmonywas
t t pr pery wa kike a ound,t own i o pies a t n l d i o tucks whe t
ha o t
s c d r
hr
nt l , nd he oade nt r
n he

hom ees we e notpr e ,e n i t y ha l f t rbeongngsneal by t sde oft f nce
ls r
es nt ve f he d e t hei l i
ty
he i
he e

o i amame t a ddno o tu tt esd wak .d.( . o . , 0 . mes i te a k dt e
rn
l r h t i t bsr c h i e ls 1 ; Tr v l 3 9 ) So ad h y s e h
Ciy f t i pr pe t ba k, tt tt i r quesswe ede e 1 a 263- Pl i if t tfed
t or her o ry c bu ha her e t r nid. d. t
64. antfs esii

t l i s alie ,s h as i ntfc tons m e ci e g a s ,ce l arphone ,peronal
o osng m l t ms uc
de ii ai , di ne, ye l s es lul
s
s
not fom f m iy m e
es r
a l
mber , a pho ogr phs.1 a 52- 8 90- 11 263.Va i
s nd
t a
d. t 57, 3, 91, 3,
rous
ho ees pe s ,who l tt i pr ry,t tted t t y ha l tiem si et raba kpa
m l s r ons
os her ope t esii hat he d ef t
n ihe
c ck,

ba ors t s a postone t m o oft wa 1 a 44,1 222.Som e c am t tpolce
g, uica e nd ii d he ut he y. d. t
93,
l i ha i
a d Ciy wor r di no a l ho e e speo et rti ve a s vet pr ry ofa he fom
n t
ke s d t low m l s
pl o ere nd a he ope t
not r r
dipos l durng a c e n- ope a i l a 76.For exa e,El Hat r a M a i ve e a
s a
i
l a up
r ton. d. t
mpl
i le ,
rne t r n,

tsiid i y u ween tt ee y u p o e t we tit apik ptu k. # a 7 ,( . o . 1 )
e t e , f o r o h r , o r r p ry n n o c u r c f . t 6 Tr v l 4, 8 .
f
.
Robe tRhode ,ho ve ,t tsed t the wa a e t g a t bel ngsofhi nei
r
s we r esi ha
s bl o r b he ongi
s ghbor who
,

se tn x t hm o t e sr e a d lf s rl beo et ece nu ( . l 3 1 ) Ob iusy
lp e t o i n h te t n e t ho t f r h la -p. Tr vo . , 5 . v o l ,
y
t r i no e us f t t ki ofi ntfc ton ca ds,
he e s
xc e or he a ng de iia i
r medii eyegl s e ,c lul rphones or
c ne,
a s s el a
,

pho os a t y,by t m s l s do no pr s nta he t ha r The die a i wha t do wih
t , s he
he e ve ,
t ee
alh za d.
l mm s t o
t
t e ie s i t y a e c
hos t m f he r omm i e wih bac c ,matr s es s e s f
ngld t
kpa ks
te s , he t , ood,ec.t tcla l
t ha e ry
pos he t a s c iy co e ns The s uton t t sdie ma i t tt s i vi l s d
e alh nd e urt nc r .
ol i o hi lm
s ha he e ndi dua s houl
ne r a ndon t i i ntfcai ,pr s rptons e gl s ,orphone t ta e s i ra .
ve ba
her de ii tons e c i i , ye as es
s ha r o mpo tnt
Ra he ,he s d kee t eie swiht m whe t y a eon t m o
t r t y houl
p hos tm
t he
n he r
he ve.
Cl s r e en a i Da d Pee y,t tfed ast a i i nti vi a he wines ,
a s epr s t tve, vi
r esii
o n nc de nvol ng not r t s

W iburCa e whih waspa tal r or onavi o.( . . 35- ) ( . 578- A)
l
uly, c
rily ec ded
de Tr vol5, 36 ; PlExh. 40- .
Thi i i nt oc ured durng a cea u i t a e of co e. tagge by t Fl i
s ncde
c r
i
l n- p n he r a
nc z l
n
d
he orda
D e r m e of Hea t i Ove t w n. M r ul y' pr r y w a up a i t a f e, ne ty
pa t nt
1h n
ro
.Ca e s ope t
s
ga ns
enc
al

bundld.Pli tfs i r
e
a n if ntoduce a pho ogr ph of t pr pe t whih s
d
t a
he o ry, c howe is poston a
d t
ii nd

c e s i udi ape s bag.( .Ex.578- - .W hieM r Ca eywe t ane r sor
ontnt,ncl ng ronal
P1
41A) l . ul
nt o aby t e
a l thi pr pe t a Ciy wo ke kike hi pr ry a t n m ove i fom is poston
nd ef s o ry,
t
r r c d s ope t nd he
d tr t
ii

a an t h fn eit ap l wi oh rp o e t. Tr v l 3 8 - 9 ;P1 Ex. 784 A) W h nMr
g i s t e e c n o ie t t e r p ry ( . o . , 8 8 ) ( . 5 - 0 . e .
h
Ca ey r t r t t s eneand s w hi pr ry i t pie,t Ciy wor di notalow M r
ul e u ned o he c
a s ope t n he l he t
ker d
l
.

Ca ey t r ti ve hi pr pe t I The Cour ag e s wih t Ciy' poston t t gi n t
ul o ere
s o ry. d
t r e t he t s ii ha ve he
' r mov e'c tons ofs l r a des i d by J
t or
hor
i ' ondii
qua o s crbe
udge Le f n a t s l a i i woul
ima t hi oc ton, t
d
ha bee e ne l difc t t dic r c a i e pr t fom s nia y pr pe t i t s
ve n mi nty fiul o s e n ontm natd opery r
a tr o ry n hi
ar
ea.

C.Or r t M ov
de s o
e
Pli if f
antfs ocuson or r t home e si vi st S
de s o
l s ndi dual o k
move on' by me be s oft Ciy
'
m r
he t
ofM i m iPolce D e rm e .The Cour a e w ih t Ciy t tor r t m ove durng cl a up
a
i
pa t nt
t gr es t he t ha de s o
i
e n-

ope a i a e e s nta t t publc we f r a do notvi a ePotige The e de e t t
r tons r s e i l o he
i la e nd
olt
tn r.
vi nc hat he
Ciy r e t homel s fom sumberi t ea l m or ngs di noti cae t Ciy wor s
t ous d he
es r
l
n he ry
ni
d
ndi t he t
ker
i e d t har s t hom el s R a he t ha a s e ,t i e w ast c e r t a ea w he e
nt nde o a s he
es . t r han r s m nt he nt nt
o l a he r s
r

t homels s ntt ni be or t ari lofve c eand pe tin tafi t ti t ca of
he
e s pe he ght f e he rva
hil
desra r fc ha s ypi l
mos ciis The Cou tfndst t si o ofDr Sua e who i nota Ciy e oye c e bl a
t te .
r i he e tm ny
. r z,
s
t mpl e, r di e s
t ho he obs r t Ciy wor r te hom e es i vi s t a hi ve t goa s oft l r
o w
e ved he t
ke s r at
l s ndi dual o c e he l
he a ge-

s aece nn o p bl a e s ( . o . ,1 9 (lv n ve s e te d a y o te et p so
c l la ig f u i ra . Tr v l 2 0 ) ( 'e e r e n h m o n f h s y e f
c
1
ti g te 'eb i a c e o .lveo l s e t e d iwihdg iya dr s c. .'.
h n s h y r eng c us d f ' ny e n h m o t t int n epe t ..)
'
Puti as de t c e n- o r to , Pl i if a s pr vi d evi e of i t nce
tng i he l a up pe a i ns a ntf s l o o de
denc
ns a s

whe e polc or r hom ees i vi l t m ove The Cour vi
r
ie de ed
l s ndi dua s o
.
t ewed a vi o tke by J va
de a n
a

Br o s wh m poiea k d t mo efo t eae b t od M a y' i d wno Mimi ( .
o k , o l s e o v r m h r a y he 1 c s n o twn a . Pl
c
Exh.578- . Thi i i nti a te y underi si i by t Ciy of M imiPolc
39)
s ncde s dmitdl
nve tgaton
he t
a
ie

Itr a Afar t d tr n i ds iln i war ne ( .v l ,8 ) Raa lVi ao g '
n en l f is o eemie f icp ie s ra td. Tr o .1 8 . fe l ln a s
l
i de wa a he ,whe e he wa as t m ove fom hi a e on Lot l Vil onga t tfed
nci nt s not r
r
s ked o
r
s ra
6. lal
esii

ta h c mpl d wih ter q s. ee i no e ie c ta h wa tr ae e wih ar s.( .
h t e o i t h e uet Th r s vd n e h t e s h e tn d t re t Tr
e
vol 5,8- . Gut i Chi nguz t tfe t thewa or r dbyt polc t l veabussop,
. 9) hre ba a esiid ha
s de e
he ie o ea
t
a hewe a r st sr tbyaFe ofi ( . .3,96) W ileRihar on t tfedt t
nd
nt cos he tee
dEx fce. Tr vol
. li c ds esii ha
polce made hi ge up a mo ( .vol 1 - 02) The Cons Dece howe r
i
m t
nd ve. Tr .3, 01 1 .
ent re,
ve,
s cfc ly pr bie a r s s a di nots c fc l pr ve ofi e sfom as ng t homels
pe ii a l ohi t d re t , nd d
pe ii aly e nt fc r r
ki he
es
t t mpor rl r l a e. ai if c e a cosngar
oe
a iy e oc t Pl ntfs onc ded t l i
gume t tt Cons tDe r edoesnot
nt ha he
en c e
e i ty pr bi ofi e s fom or rng homel s i vi s t m ove unde ce t n
xplcil
ohi t fc r r
de i
es ndi dual o
r rai
cr um sa es Pl n if ,howe ,a gue t or st move vi aed t rconsiutonalrght
ic t nc . aitfs
ver r
he der o
olt hei
tt i
i s
be a e t or rwasmea t dipe s t m fom pa tculrl tons The e wasno e denc
c us he de
nt o s r e he r
ri a oca i . r
vi e

t tupon r t ni t a pari ulr l aton a trm ovi orafe a cea up,t tare t we e
ha
eur ng o
tc a oc i fe
ng,
tr l n- ha r ss r
na
n de.

D. r sso
Are t fchewynAr he and TabihaBa s
t
c r
t s
Att hea toft Poti ge a e nti t c i i i ton ofhomels ne s To t t
he r
he tn r gr eme s he rm nalzai
e s s . ha
e t Cons ntDe r e doesnotpe mi Ciy polc t a r thomel s i vi s e
nd, he
e
ce
r t t
i e o res
es ndi dual ngage i
dn
lf -usa ni mide e no s wihout ofe i t m a lbl s le . Pl i if pr e t d
ie s ti ng s m a r
t
f rng he
vaia e het r antfs es n e
e de e oft a r ss m a smula usy of Chewyn Ar herand Ta t Ba s net r of
vi nc
wo re t de i t neo l
t
c
biha s , ihe
w hom t tted i t s evi nta y he r ng. Polce a r t d t t o i vi l f t
es ii
n hi
de i r
ai
i
r es e he w
ndi dua s or he

mid me no o o sr ci g te sd wak ( l Ex 57 - ,5 8 3 )( l e ie tfe a ca k
s e a r f b tu tn h ie l. P . h. 837 7 - 8 poi d n iid r c
c
pi att s e butt ar ssdi no a a t b dr r aed) Unde t 201 modiiai
pe he c ne, he ret d t ppe r o e ug-elt .
r he 4
fc ton
t t Co entDe r ,k tuctng pa s e On sdewal ' i e e ed fo t ls of çlf
o he ns
c ee s r i
obs
s ag
i
ks' s xc pt r m he it kie
s t ni midemea c
usai ng s
nor onduc 'i t e ie sde l i obsr t d a t polceha gi n t
t' f he ntr i wak s tuc e nd he i
s ve he

25

i vi laprorwa ni a
ndi dua
i
r ng boutt st ton. body c m e a ofOfi rC.Gonzalz c pt e
he iua i The
a r
fce
e a ur d

t a r ss howe ,t vi di no s w wha ta pie bef r ha The vi o be nsa t
he re t ,
ver he deo d t ho
t r ns r d o e nd.
de gi s he
a r tofChewyn Ar heri bei i tae The vi o s wsa ma tes obsr tng t sde l
res
t
c s ng nii td.
de ho
tr s tuc i he i wa k

a no pas a wa f pe tins The i vi l ' be ongi ,i udi ga bage ba , a
nd
s ge y or desra .
ndi dua s l ngs ncl ng r
gs
s
hoppi ca tfle wih cot ng a bl nke s a abi l obsr tt pa s ge y.
ng r ild t l hi nd a t , nd cyc e tuc he s a wa

The is f t Cour i t e pr e ngs ar whet r t Ciy of M im i ha
s ues or he
t n hes oc edi
e
he he t
a
s
s t ntal c
ubsa i ly omple wih t pur e of t Cons nt Dec ee,s h t t f de a ove sg
i d t he pos
he
e
r
uc ha e r l r i ht
s ul e orwhehe t Pli tf shave me t i bur n t s
ho d nd,
t r he a n if
t her de o how t Ciy s d be f
he t houl
ound i
n

cvi c e .
i l ont mpt
11 CON CLUSI
1.
ONS OF LAW

Dititco t a e e
src urs r mpowe e t m o f orvac t co e dec e .H o nev Fl e ,557
r d o diy
a e ns nt r es
r . or s

U. 433,447(
S.
2009) TheCiy ague t ta e s tmi vi ai of42U. C.j 1 a i
.
t r s ha bsnt yse c oltons
S.
983 nd n
lg of polc and pr tc c ng c e ni t home e s c i
iht
iy
ac ie ha es onc r ng he
l s , ontnued e or m e of t
nf ce nt he
Poti
tngerCons ntDe r i i quia e.Pli if a gue t Ciy contnue t vi a e t t r
e
c ee s ne tbl a ntf s r
he t
i s o olt he e ms
oft D e r .
he c ee

W.T r n to o h Co s n De r e
emia in fte n e t c e
A pa t s ki t r nato ofa c en de r e bea st bur n t s
ry ee ng e mi i n
ons t c e
r he de o how C sgnii a
ç i fc nt
a

c a g i et rf cu lc n iin o telw. Ruo v I matso f okCtz l J i, 0 U..
h n e n i a ta o dto s r h a ' f . n e fsuf l ?n al 5 2 S
he
'
?
3 7 3 4 ( 9 2 (eyngo Fe . Ci P. 0 b ( ). eSu rmeCo r ha a k wld e t t
6 , 8 1 9 ) r li n d R. v. 6 ( )5 ) Th p e
u t s c no e g d ha
c e dc r s Ca e not i e d t ope a e i pe pe uiy' and camotconde a a ncy t
ons nt c ee ir
ntnde o r t n r t t '
l
mn n ge
o

iu iilttlg frt id fnt f t r . #J. fEd c o Oka ma Cf Pu .S h v Do l,
j dca u ea e o he n ei ie u u e' o u . f lho
'
f b c . . wel
y
498U. 237,2 ( 991 (c desgr ton .
S.
49 1 ) s hool e egai )

To dee m i whe he t tr i t a c e de r e,t Cour m us frtl t t ba i
tr ne
t r o e m na e ons nt c e he
t t is ook o he sc

p r os o ted ce .UntdSatsv Ci o imi2 F.d 1 9 ,1 0 ( 1h Ci.1 93 (iig
u p e f h e r e ie t e . t fM a , 3 4 7 5 4 1 t r 9 ) ctn
y
Do l Th n t Co r mu td tr n wh t e te ei i u sa ta c mpl nc . Th tme ns
weo. e ,he u t s eemie eh r h r s s b tn il o i e' a a
s
a '
t Cour m us de er i whe he t Ciy of M i iha c pled i g
he
t t t m ne
t r he t
am
s om i n ood f ih w ih t cor
a t t he e
pur e of t de r ,w he her t pu os of t ltga i ha t t ext nt pr c i l bee
pos
he c ee
t he p es he ii ton ve, o he e
a tca , n
ac e
hi ved,a whe he i i nec s a y o s ns bl under c r nt c r um s a es f t Cour t
nd
t r t s e s r r e i e,
ur e i c t nc , or he
to

c n iu t e e cs j iilo ri h .l ,2 F.d a 1 0 (o s n d c e a d e s d u d r
o tn e o x r ie udca vesg t d
3 t 5 8 c n e t e re d r se n e rpr e ai ofwome a mi ii i Ciy' wor or e.
e esntton
n nd nortes n t s kf c )
The El ve h Ci c t pr de a tona gui nc w he i s a ed t t di t i t cours
e nt r ui ovi d ddii l da e
n t t t ha s rc
t

s d tr i t c e de r swhe t s t m had i
houl e m na e ons nt c ee
n he yse
d r one r dialc nge a wa on
unde g
a c ha s nd s
s c e f i t contnue is pr e s i t yea s t c e w ihout cour s pe v son,
e ur ootng o
i
t ogr s n he
r o om , t
t u r ii '
'

not t t ndi t f tt t s tm i ino ye pe f c a m a ne rbe' A. v Wale
wihsa ng he ac hat he yse s k t t re t nd y ve .' C. . ly,

2 0 F. p' 9 9 9 2 ( 1h Ci. 0 8 .n s d n , hsCo r ma r l o t esae sd it r
7 Ap x 8 , 9 1 t r 2 0 ) I o oig t i u t y ey n h tt' s so y
h
ofgood f t a ispr en commimentt r m e ng r mai ng pr e s'1 t de a co t
aih nd t es t
t
o e dyi e ni
oblm .' d. s r l urs
Fe

s d notbe i t busnes ofr ng i
houl
n he i s unni mpora f tonsofsa egover ntf dec desa a
tnt unci
tt
nme or a
t

tme' 1 .( u tn Re od v l ne ,3 8 F.d 1 01 1 9 ( 1h Ci.2 0 ).l t i Co r
i . d q oi g yn ls .Mcn s 3 3 2 , 21 1 t r 0 3 ) f hs u t
'
de e mi t tt Ciy hasi e nt d adur bl r medy,con i d enf c m e i i ope .
t r nes ha he t
mpl me e
a ee
tnue
or e nt s mpr r

Ho ne,557U. a 450 (ttng t tfderlc tde rese ee a oprae lmisi t ae
r
S. t
sai ha e a our ce xc d ppr it i t f hey r

ame a ei nai acondii t tdoe no vi aefdeallw)
i d t lmi tng
ton ha s t olt e r a .
Fe a i m c e ns a s e s i i tt i na r o m ltga i s h as t s w her c e
der ls onc r l o xit n ns iuto l ef r ii ton, uc
hi ,
e or
a e of sa e r s
r as
t t e pons biiy a e i ve H o ne, 557 U . a 448. The Su e e Co t ha
i lt r nvol d. r
S. t
pr m
ur s

a k o e e t a Snun to sis e i s c c s so tn rman i f r e frma y y as a d
c n wldg d h t l j cin su d n u h ae fe e i n o c o n e r, n
i
t pas a of tme fe nty brngs a
he
s ge
i
r que l
i
bout c nge cr um sa es
ha d ic tnc

27

t t wa r nt
ha
ra

re a n to o te o iia j d me t' d.a 4 - .Th S p e Co r h sas n td t a
e x miain f h rgn l u g n . 1 t 4748 e u r me u t a lo oe h t
'
dhe dynn i ofi tt i lr f m ltga i dif rfom t e ofot c s s' whe e,t i
û
t
m cs nsiutona e or ii ton fe r hos
her a e ,' r t c
publ

ofi i ss
fcal ometm e co e t o r fa n fom vi ousy o
i s ns nt o, r e r i r
gor l pposng,dec ee t tgo wel be
i
r s ha
l yond

wh ti rq ie b fd r llw. f .i j n to so ti s r bn saea d lc lo fcast t e
a s e ur d y e ea a ' # çn u cin f h s o t id tt n o a fiil o h
' l
polc pr e e s oft i pr de s or a m a t e i pr ry de i f ur ofi il of
i y ef r nce
he r e ce s s nd y her by m ope l prve ut e fca s
t i de i t d l sa i a e utvepowe s'1 a 449.
her sgna e egiltve nd xec i
r . d. t
'

I i welbe nd dipu e t tt r ha bee cha d cr sa es snc t sa tof
t s l yo
s t ha he e ve n nge icum t nc i e he t r
Poti r.As de a ld,s pr c ng i polc wo k,t hnol y,a m os i
tnge
t ie u a, ha es n ie r ec og nd
t mpora ty t
tn l he

i e t ton ofa dedia e s ur off ng t t t of$60 m ilon dola s ayea t ad
mpl men a i
c t d o ce undi o he une
li
lr
ro i
t home e si t sc
he
l s n hi omm uniy s fce l esa ih t tt c tonsi plc whe Potige
t ufi inty t bls ha he ondii n a e
n tn r
wa fl 30 ye r a a eve whe t Cons ntDe r e wase e ed i 1
s ied
a s go, nd n
n he
e
ce
nt r n 998,a e no l er
r
ong
t ca e.The e denc s
he s
vi e howe t tt co i
d ha he ntnuum ofc r a ia e t home e si vi l i
a e valbl o
l s ndi duas n

M im iDa Co t i unpa a ll i t Unie Stt .
a - de un y s
r leed n he t d a es And,t numbe spr i.Thea ount
he
r ove t
m
ofho ees i vi si M i mihaspl
m l s ndi dual n a
umm ee 90% snc Poti
td
i e tngerwa e e e Thenumbe
s nt r d.
r

ofa r t hasa s de r as d a e ane by J
ress
lo c e e s xpl i d
udge Lef a
im n.
The diput i t sca e c t r on whe he t Ciy ha s t ntal c
s e n hi s en e s
t r he t s ubsa i ly omple wih t
id t he

c epur e oft Potige Ag e m e ,a t Pl i if cli t tt Ciy hasnotd t is
or
pos
he tn r r e nt nd he antfs am ha he t
ue o t
a tons i c e ni up homel s e a pme s sa tng i 201 1 Ther i no quesi a tr
ci
n l a ng
es nc m
nt t ri n
8.4
e s
ton fe
he r ng t t tm ony a vi w i t vi o e de t tt Ciy w a c peled by t gr viy
a i he esi
nd e ng he de vi nce ha he t
s om l
he a t

o t uns nia y a unhygini c tonst lt al c e n t sr t f t bet r e oft
f he a tr nd
e c ondii o ier ly l a he tees or he te m nt he
c m on we f r i l ng t ho e e s t Ciy' r i nt ,a is bus nes e .
om
l a e, nc udi he m l s , he t s esde s nd t
i ss

Sub t i Complanc b t PolceDe t nt
santal
i e y he i
parme

1Plitfshv n t rvo syfldamoint e oc teare n o t h l teCi i c ne t Plitfs
4 ani ae o yeiul i
f
e
t o nfreh gemet ro od h t n o tmp. anif'
o
y
c ellke d t st ton t apr i vi aton t occ sa rs tm e buti silpuniha e.
ouns i ne he luai o obaton ol i hat ur he omei , s tl
s bl
28

The e c n be no doubtt tt c e pur e oîPoti r wast sop t crm i lz i
r a
ha he or
pos
tnge
o t he i na iaton
ofhom ee s s .The prm a y goa oft sltgaton a t Cons ntDe e wa t pr bi t
ls ne s
i r
l hi ii i nd he
e
cr e s o ohi t he
Ciy of M i Polce De rm e fom a r tng homels i vi l f e
t
ami i
pa t nt r
resi
e s ndi dua s or ngagi i lf
ng n ies t i ng c
usani onduc mide e s' Be us Poti rpr hi t d a r s a a s u i t ge t
t s m anor .s ca e tnge o bie r e t s ol ton o t he
ho ees of t sr et,t Ciy a t comm u t a lr de l d a m y id ofpr a s
m l s f he te s he t nd he
niy, t a ge, ve ope
ra
ogr m
t t Ciy Polc coul t p i o whe i er c i wih t hom ees .The Count s Homel s
ha t
ie
d a nt
n nt a tng t he
l s
y'
es

Tr t t r ci e of$60 m ilon i tx r ve a ye ,pr desf ng a Camil Hous
us, he e pint
li n a e nue ar ovi undi nd
lus
e,
t Cha a Pa t r hi a Lot H ous pr de s le ,m e c c e a ot r s r c t
he
pm n rne s p, nd
us
e ovi he t r di al ar , nd he e vi es o

t hom ees i our comm u t The sa e c ts t m ,t ough J
he
l s n
niy.
t t our yse hr
udge Le f a deveope
im n,
l d

dv rinp o rmst a odp ti gt eme tlyil nj is Th wh l s se d srb ds pr ,
ie so r ga o v i u tn h n al l i al. e o e y tm, e ci e u a
a known a t con i
nd
s he tnuum ofca e haspr de a ou sa ng s
r
ovi d n t tndi uppor ne wor f t Ciy
t t k or he t
polce a ot r oute h wor r . The e c n be no doubt t t t pr m a y pur e of t
i nd he
r ac
ke s
r a
ha he i r
pos
he
agr ent t st t arr t oft hom el f bei hom el ,has been achi
eem , o op he es s he
ess or ng
ess
eved. The Court

fndst t contnuum ofc r i e cty t t pe ofdur bl r medy t tr quie t s Cou tt
i hat he
i
a e s xa l he y
a ee
ha e r s hi
r o
c s isove sghtoft eprm a iy sa e f tons Thi i nott s t tmor ca
ea e t
ri
hes i rl t t unci . s s
o ay ha
e nnotbedone
t a hive t goalofe a ca i ho e e s s The goa oft Cons ntDe r e howe r wa
o c e he
r di tng m l s nes .
l he
e
ce,
ve , s

nott s l hom ees ne s Rahe ,t goa oft Cons ntDe r wa t r or t manne t t
o o ve
l s s . t r he l he
e
c ee s o ef m he
r ha
Ciy Polc teae t home e s
t
ie r td he
l s .Tha goa ha be n a hived t t c e tofa lt i vi s
t l s e c e
o he r di l he ndi dual,
pa tc a l i t sltga i
riulry n hi ii ton.

1 I f c ,t cl sc riid byJ
5 n a t he as e tfe
udgeAt nsi l
ki ncudest els perons...whohavebee e c t be,orw ilbe
ç
hom e s s
n, xpe t o
l
a r td, a s d,o ot r s i ererd wihby membe soft CiyofM im iPolc De t
rese hars e r he wie nt f e t
r he t
a
ie parmentf e gi i
or nga ng n
t o di y a es e ilaci tesofdal lvi i publcduet t lc ofot rade eatr i s'Potn r
he r nar nd s nta tvii
iy i ng n
i
o he a k
he
quat lenatve .' tige
v.Civo a , 2 F. u p. 5 , 5 ( D. a l 8 ) Th Co e t ce f c s samo t nt eyo t
t fMimi7 0 S p 9 5 9 9 S. Fl. 9 9 . e nsn De re o u e l s e i l n he
r
.
i emenaton oftani polci a pr dur st e ur t tt polcede t e e gedw ih t homel s
mpl t i
r i ng, i es nd oce e o ns e ha he i parm nt nga
t he
es

p p lto i ah ma ema n ra d wi i t eb u d o t ec n tt t n. De . h. )
o u ain n u n n e n t n h o n s f h o si i ( f Ex 1 .
h
uo
29

Pli if e denc i t s c e,of t a r ss t t pur re y vi aed Poti ge i
antfs' vi e, n hi as
wo r e t ha
po tdl ol t
tn r s
i uf i i nt t c nce t s Cour t t a dur bl r m e i not i pl e The over
ns fc e o onvi
hi
t ha
a e e dy s
n ac .
whel i
m ng

e de e s
vi nc uppo t t fndi t tCiy polce wilnotr ver t a r tng i vi l,be aus
rs he i ng ha t
i
l
e t o resi ndi dua s c e

t ha a a e s
hey ve n mpl uppor newor t t n t i ha i difcul st tons ( tmony of
t t k o ur o n ndlng fi t iuai . Tesi

Ro ad L. o ( . o . ,1 )(iTJ eCiyce ryu d rtn st en e t te t h h mee s
n l Bo k) Tr v l 2 8 $ h t lal n e sa d h e d o ra t e o ls
g
popul ton w ih r pec a w ih di niy a wih a de ie t puta pe ne e t i a t ti
ai
t es t nd t g t nd t
sr o
nna nt nd o t nd ha s

our goa a 1 t nk t ' ourj nt goa.1 don' s e t t c ngi s d Poti
l nd hi hats
oi
l
t e ha ha ng houl
tnger be

d so tn e ' .
ic n iu d.)
'
The e de e a s s
vi nc lo howe t t f t e c onialy homel s i vi l,Potige ,
d ha or hos hr c l
es ndi duas
tn r

s r s as a cr t h e blng t m t a d e e i t contnuum ofca e. The vi ofJ va
e ve
u c na i he o voi nt rng he
i
r
deo
a
Br
ookswa e blm a i oft swhe e s basca l ta ed t Ciy polce who or r d he t
s m e tc hi
r he i ly l unt he t
i ,
de e r o

move,whe s s i s wa a r ofhe rght She s
n he ad he s wa e
r i s.
howed ltl i e i t ty t ge of t
ite nc ntve o r o t f he
sr e s Thet tmony ofRona d Book,Char a oft Homel sTr t e mplfed t spoi ,
te t .
esi
l
im n he
es us, xe ii hi nt
whe he wa dicus i t cloni aly homel s populton.He s i t c oni a l homels
n
s s sng he lr c l
es
ai
a d he hr c ly
es
a e l helerr ssa ...i you m a i ea irf t m t be o t sr e s t y'e notcomi i
r s t e it nt
s
f
ke t se or he o
n he te t , he r
ng n.
l' why we don' s
ts
t uppor sr e f e ngs l' why we do t s
t te t e di . ts
n' uppor pa
t nhandlng.I be ive
i
le
Po tng r a t s poi ,m y opi on,i t tco i ton does tm ake i ea i r f us i m a i
ti e t hi nt
ni s ha ntnua i
n'
t s e or , t kes t
ha de f ust tni h w ha ' outt r be us i ' c oni ' I a 1 Li w i e, tn r hasa
r r or o i s
ts
he e ca e t s hr c.' d t 7. ke s Poti ge
c li ef e ton a of i e ' a lt t pr de a d t t hom e e s D r Sua ez s d i bes ,whe
hilng f c
n fc r s biiy o ovi i o he
l s . . r ai t t
n

h s i Stsj ts dt set twer si su k i tep s a d 1s et eo fc r a eha d u f d
e ad ' ' us a o e ha 'e tl tc n h a t n e h fies r n c fe
i
l
by t s A nd I t nk t t m i be why s ons i l 1 br ht up t t you of i r s yi
hi .
hi ha ght
ubc c ous y
oug
ha
ng fce a ng

t' goi t be on YouTube by t e oft da 'lt nk t tsPotige ... ti i he
lm
ng o
he nd
he y. hi ha '
tn r ge tng n r

30

wa o d igterg tt igb c us s ei ar i f rh ref a Ic n'blmeh rf rt t' Tr
y f on h ih hn e a e h s fad o e s l, nd a t a e o ha. ( .
'
vol2,11 .
. 6)
y s he t ubsa i l m i d t he
n
pos
tn r
N ot onl ha t Ciy s tntaly co ple wih t mai pur e of Potige
r a di a r ss t Ciy Polc De rm e hasi plm e e t r r ta ni a s tf rh
eg r ng r e t , he t
i e pa t nt
m e nt d he equied r i ng s e o t

i scin I o te Co e tDe re wh c n wa a icu e s e a i b sd tan n .( f
n e t V f h nsn c e , ih o d ys n l d s c n ro a e r ii g De .
o

Ex 9 , 5 . eCiyas c mple wi isd p rme tlo d r a dpo ieo fc r, of i
h. 5 9 A) Th t lo o is t t e a t n a r e s n lc fi es wh al
h
t c mpy ae s be tt iv siain b I tr a Afar a d d s iln . Th De a t n a
o o l, r u j c o n e tg to y ne n l f is n icp ie e p rme tl
Or ri modeed a trt pr t oli Se ton V1 oft s tl ntag ee e .
de s
l fe he o oc n c i
l he e teme
r m nt

The De rm e alOr r a s con ai s ii diec i s as t how t polce s d
pa t nt
de lo
t ns pectc r tve
o
he i houl
ha e pr pery.W hie t Pl i if 'e d e r ga di t l s ofpr ry durng cea ups
ndl o t
l he antfs vi enc e r ng he os
ope t
i l nofe r fece apolcepr e e, he e wa no e de et ta Ciy ofM i mipolc desr
tn e l t d
i es nc t r s
vi nc ha ny t
a
ie toyed

ors i d pr ry a t r a eno i e nala f r i tga i on t r c d i t sr ga d.
eze ope t nd he e r
nt r fais nvesi tons he e or n hi e r
Fi l t polc i e nt d a s t m t doc e i e a tons wih t home e s
naly, he i e mpl me e
yse o
um nt nt r c i
t he
ls
kno n asFi d l or a i Ca ds whi h a e us d i ca e whe e t r i no a r t Thos f m s
w
el nf m ton r , c r e n s s
r he e s
r es .
e or

a e m ant i by t polc as r r d by Se ton Vl1 of t Setl m e Agr m e .
r
i aned
he
ie
equie
ci
1
he
te nt
ce nt

Tec ogy ha c ranl r nde e t sr r m e obs ee.
hnol
s e ti y e r d hi equie nt ol t
The que ton t t r i i whe he t e de e of polc or rng hom ees
si ha ema ns s
t r he vi nc
i e de i
l s

i vi s t move negaes a fndi a s t ntal c
ndi dual o
t
i ng
ubsa i omplanc J va Br
i e. a
ooks a Ra ae
nd f l
Vil l
laongat tfedt tt Ciy Polc t d t m t move fom whe e t we e sayi a ni ,
esi ha he t
ie ol he o
r
r hey r t ng t ght
wiho c us an wihoutofe i s le .Li wie,Gut i Chi nguz t tfed t the wa
t ut a e d t
f rng het r ke s
hre ba
a esii ha
s
as d t la abusso e t h hehad a buspas ,a hewal d a os t sr e . ile
ke o e ve
t p, ven houg
s nd
ke cr s he te t W li

Rih r s n tsiid ta p ie as od rd hi t mo e Plitfs ct Ci o Ch c go v
c ad o e tfe h t ol lo r e e m o v . an if ie t f ia .
c
y
M o a e ,5 7 U. 41( 9 9 t a g et a t edr ci t mo vo ae t eh mee spes n'
r ls 2 S. 1 9 ) o r u h t h ie t o ve ilts h o ls ro s
ve

31

f n a n a rg tt ta l I C# o Chia o te S p e Co l hed t a a o dna c
u d me tl ih o rve. n
f c g , h u rme u' l h t n r i n e
t
vi ae t due pr es c a e oft Foure nt Am e e whe e i pr bied sr e ga
olt s he
oc s l us
he
te h
ndm nt
r t ohi t te t ng
m e be s f om l t rng i a publc pl ce.To e or t or na e,t of i r coul or r t
m r r oie i n
i a
nf ce he di nc he fce s
d de he

ga m e
ng mber t dipe s ,a a f iur t c
s o s r e nd a l e o ompl woul be gr
y
d
oundsf a r t 1 ,527 U. a
or res. d.
S. t
50.The Supr m e Cour f
e
t ound t or na e unc tt i l va
he di nc
ons iutonaly gue as t w ha c
o
t onduc was
t

pr c i 1 a 53.I s hol ng,t Supr m eCo tsa e t Sfee
os rbed. d. t
n o di he
e
ur t t d hat ûr dom t l t rf imoce
o oie or r
nt
pur es i pa t of t Si ry' pr eced by t Due Pr s Clus of t Fouree t
pos s r
he lbe t
ot t
he
oce s a e
he
t nh
Am endm ent' I
.' d

Pli tfs howe r do notl e t rc tt i lrght by t mi ton oft Cons t
a n if ,
ve ,
os hei onsiutona i s
er na i
he
en

De r e I b a sn tn ta n oh rmu iiai i MimiDa eCo n y' 3 i s be tt t e
ce . t e r o ig h t o te ncp lt n a - d u t s 4 s u j c o h
y
Poti r Agr me exc ptf t Ciy ofM im i And,i vi si M im iDa Count a e
tnge
ee nt e or he t
a .
ndi dual n a - de
y r

notgani gr a e c tt i lpr eci when t y c os fom M im iBe h i o M im i
i ng e t r onsiutona ot tons
he r s r
a
ac nt
a .
The is he e i whehe t r ha be s t nta compla e wih t t ne s oft Cons nt
s ue r s
t r he e s en ubsa i l
inc t he e t
he
e
De r e. The basc t ne s of t Cons ntDe e pr bi S res or de e i 'of hom ees
ce
i e t
he
e
cr e ohi t t r t
a
t nton'
l s
i vi l note ge i a c i i aci t Net rt pl e he e.The Cour doe not
ndi dua s
nga d n ny rm nal tviy. ihe ook ac r
t s

fnd t e denc oft e f i tnc s whe e i vi l wer or r d t move negaes a
i he vi e
hes our nsa e
r ndi dua s
e de e o
t

fn igofs b tn il o inc .S bsa ta c mpin eSmp le ls mehn ls t nasrc
idn
u sa ta c mpl e u tn il o la c f lis o t ig e s ha tit
a
i
a ltr compla e wih t c r tpr vii butf m e aly i mea t tt de ai n
nd ie al
i nc t he ontac o sons
unda nt l t ns ha he vi to

i u itn in l n s mio o ti a a n tiu tn ilyt d f a t eo j c wh c t epate
s nne to a a d o n r r rvil s o s bsa tal o ee t h be t ih h ris
i e t a c ih.' WelsBe ,I .v.US. Us o e c y Elc Co. 333 F. 89,9
ntnd o c ompls '' l nz nc
for e fM r ur e . ,
2d
2
(t Ci.1
9h r 964)(iai o te .Thealgedaci ofafw polceofie sdono c tt e
cttons mitd)
le
tons
e
i fc r
t onsiut
t t ofdevi i necess y t fnd a l ofsubs antalcom plance,es aly w her t
he ype
aton
ar o i
ack
t i
i
peci l
e here i
s

no e de eofa r s a t c r um sanc underwhih t polc i s t die tvest move
vi nc
re t nd he ic t es
c he i e s ued he r c i o
ar unCl .6
C
ear 1

J.SubsantalComplanc b ot rCi De t s
t i
i e y he l par ment
y
Thi i tt i lr o m ltga i s
s nsiutona ef r ii ton oughtt r va p polce i er c i wih t Ciy'
o e m
i nt a tons t he t s
homels po a i 1sefe t ,howe r a e s e t o hou t Ciy ofM im is go r nt
e s pulton. t f c s
vt , r e n hr ug t he t
a ' ve nme

de rm e s.The e a e t e s t nce i t Sete e Agr mentt t a es pr ry of
pa t nt
r r hr e en e s n he tlm nt ee
ha ddr s ope t
ho ees i vi l a a e wrte s ast e ompa sot rCiy de rm e s i a ton t
m l s ndi dua s nd r it n o o nc
s he t pa t nt , n ddii o
t polce Thatpr son,su a, r quies Ciy de rm e s t r pec t pr pe t of t
he i .
ovii
pr e r
t pa t nt o es t he o ry
he
hom ee s a t f l t i o i e na pr dur f tki c t ofpr t , l a s
ls nd o olow he r wn nt r l oce es or a ng usody
opery t l o

pr bis ct de rme s fom de toyi pr ry e e as alowed by lw , or wher t
ohi t iy pa t nt r
sr ng ope t xc pt
l
a
e he

p o et i c na n td o p s sahe lhrs ( f Ex 1a 1 - 3 . an if ag t a te
r p ry s o tmiae r o e
at ik. De . h. t 2 1 ) Plitfs r ue h t h
Ciy' f iur t ha m it n pr ed ese t wih no ompla e. The a r e e ,howe r
t s al e o ve te oc ur quaes t nc
inc
g e m nt
ve ,
f toned f rt nt yea swihou i de a a no tm e di t Pl i if c
unci
o we y r t t nci nt nd t i
d he antfs ompli a uta
an bo
lc ofwrte pr edur .The t tmony fom t Ciy o r ac m a
ak
it n oc es
esi
r he t ute h nage s Se gi Tor e a
r, r o
r s nd
Da d Ros m ond,wasc it nton t pr e est Ciy wor r e oy t detr i whe
vi
e
onsse
he oc dur he t
ke s mpl o e m ne
n
a how t t ke pr ry.The t s i ony al o s ed t t t D e rm ent of V e er ns A f a r
nd
o a
ope t
e tm
s how
ha he pa t
t a
f is

a Home e sSe vi e ,now t De rmentof Hum a Se vi es tans t ot rr e ntCiy
nd
ls r c s
he pa t
n r c , r i he he elva
t
de rm e s s h as t Pa ks a Re r a i Depa t e ,on t pr edur s ( .Ex.39 .
pa t nt , uc
he r nd c e ton
rm nt
he oc
e . Def
)

W ih r pe tt s to Vl( oft Cons ntDe r e,t Cour fndst Ciy i s tni
t es c o ecin 1F) he
e
c e he
t i he t n ubsa tal
c
ompla e.
inc
Pl i if pr s nt d t tm ony of m a hom e e s i vi l r r ng t t ki of
a ntf s e e e es i
ny
l s ndi dua s ega di he a ng
pr ry d i t 2018 c e n- ope a i
ope t ur ng he
l a up
r tons t t t
ha ook pl ce i D ow nt w n M i m i a
a
n
o
a
nd
1 I ed, ChifColnatsiid t tt Ciy wasi si tngt i t nc w ih J vaBr kst detr i whehe
6 nde
e
i e tfe ha he t
nve tgai he nsa e t a
oo o em ne t r
t Ciy woul dicplnet polc ofi rf hi a tons
he t
d s i i he ie fce or s ci .

Ove t
rown. r i no que to t tt Ciy exe cie avai go r e a powe i a r s i
The e s
si n ha he t
r sd
ld ve nm nt l
r n dd e sng
t s nia in a publc heat conc r c e ed by t l ge e mpme s of hom ees
he a t to nd
i
lh
e ns r at
he ar nca
nt
l s
c e tng a lvi i c ran a e of t Ciy.Pl i if ar t Ciy' a tons d i
ongr ga i nd i ng n e ti r as he t
antfs gue he t s c i
urng

t ecla upsne t a fndi ofs t nta c
hos e nga e i ng ubsa il ompla e.
inc
The Ciypr s ntd a eevi ncet tno i wasgi n i a nc oft ce n- a
t e e e mpl de
ha tce
ve n dva e he la ups nd
t ts trbe wer s cze t move peopl fom t e a e i o t c i
ha hele ds e e lr d o
e r hos r as nt he ontnuum ofc r .The
ae
Ciy' e de e wa corobor t by Dr Sua ez a Hida Fe na
t s vi nc
s r aed
. r nd l
r ndez, who bot t tfed
h esii

rgadi t rj n e f t a wokwiht Ciyi pef mi t cea ups Thet tmo of
e r ng hei oit fors nd r t he t n ror ng he l n- . esi ny
t ho ees wine s s wa t ti t y l f t rbe ongi una tnde t y wer gone when
he m l s t s e
s ha f he e t hei l ngs te d, he
e
t y r t ned. Some wine s t tfed t t t y a ke t Ciy wor r t r ove t r
he eur
t s es esii ha he s d he t
ke s o ec r hei

beongi ,bu we e de ed t e r quess Ot r wine s ,s h a Ro r lhodes t tte
l ngs t r ni hos e t . he t s es uc s be t k
, esii d
t the wa a e t gr hi neghbors bel ngs durng a cea up.One wine s El Hat r
ha
s bl o ab s i
' ongi
i
l nt s , i le ,

t tfe t ti you we eatt ce n- youhadt abiiy t moveyoursuf.( .vol 3,76)
esiid ha f
r he la up,
he lt o
t f Tr .
.
Thi t si
s e tmony i consse wih t i or ai pr de by Dr Suar z,Se g o Tore ,a
s
itnt t he nf m ton ovi d
.
e
ri
r s nd
Da d Ros m o r r ng cl n- p o r tons
vi
e nd ega di ea u pe a i .

Pli if e
a ntfs mphasz t t i i
i e hat he ncdent i vi W ibur Cauly' pr ry s
nvol ng l
e s ope t hows t
he
Ciy' no ompla wih t Cons ntDec e The i i des rbe by W iburCa e a
t s nc
i nce t he
e
r e.
ncdent c i d
l
uly nd

Da i P ey a d s o i a vie ( E.5 8 4 - ,t o plc i te ae i Ov ro
v d e r , n h wn n
d o D. 7 - 0 A) o k a e n h ra n e twn
u d r ah te13 o ep s . ud e Lef n d s rb dt a a e s y n ditwa d n e o st
n ene t h - 95 v r a s J g ima e cie h t ra a i g i j s a g r u o
g
pu a hi on t gr
t nyt ng he ound.You ha t se a ou t ne dl sa t r t t twer al ove t
d o tp r nd he e e nd he a s ha
e l r he

plc '( .vol 4,3 .Theevi nc s dt u a t ycondii i t tl ton,andi i
a e.' Tr . 4)
de e howe he nsniar
tons n ha ocai
ts
no dif c tt e r pol e t pot nta cons
t f i ul o xt a at he e i l
eque es t t publc he lh,w hi w oul l a a
nc o he
i at
ch
d ed
Ciy w or r t di c r m or pr pe t t n not bec us he beleve i t be co a i t d. The
t
ke o s a d
e o r y ha
, a e
i d to
nt m na e

3
4

s l pr s t pr ve e t ce u fom beng e y ope a i ns whe e t Ciy wor r
quaor e en e nt d he lan- ps r
i as
r to
r he t
ke s
c d e mi ie so by one. Unf t t l s m e me c tons i i c tons a pe s
oul xa ne t m ne
oruna ey, o
di a i , dentt a i , nd r onal
i
not s w e e nec s rl di ca de i t pr s a t Co ts pa hi es wih t tl s butt
e
r
es a iy s r d n he oce s nd he ur ym t z
t ha os ,
he
Cour ca t i e t tt e ie s w e e c m i ed w ih f , s ld m ae il ,a g ge
t nno gnor ha hos t m
r om ngl
t ood oie
t ra s nd rba

c eai a publc heat c ii .The Co tnot t tt bi ycls pr e we e no dic r d,
r tng
i
lh rss
ur ed ha he c e es nt r t s a de
pr s a y be us a bi yce doesnotpos a heat ors f t rs . Thet si
e um bl ca e
c l
e
lh
a ey ik
e tmony ofRona d L.
l

Book e m plfe t c e soft e de . He s i ç
xe i s he ontnt
he vi nce
a d: s
Nobody i e rgoi t a c e m eof
s ve
ng o c us
beng a hi ohe t n c
i nyt ng t r ha ompa so t a unde sa ng a i r a est t plg oft e
s i nae nd
r t ndi s t elt o he i ht hos
who lveon oursr e s butofe i you e up i st tonswhe e t e' bee hoa di a
i
te t ,
tntmes
nd
n iuai
r her s n r ng nd

i' mo e g r g t a i i p o e t o v le'( .v l 2, ) Th r f r,t Co r c n ld s
ts r aba e h n t s r p ry f au . Tr o . 21. ee o e he u t o cu e
'
t Ciy hass tnta l c
he t
ubsa ily omple wih t Co e Dec e spr ry pr sons e n t ug
id t he ns nt r e' ope t ovii , ve ho h
t e we e i t nc durng t c e n- whe e Ciy wor s mit ke y dica de vaua e
her
r nsa es i he l a ups
r t
ker sa nl s r d l bl
ie sdue t t gr viy oft uns nia y c tons
tm
o he a t
he a t r ondii .

#. Mo i f rCo tmpt
t o ne
on
lj ons s h asCons ntDe r e ,aeenf c t ough t cvi cone powe of
nundi , uc
e
c e s r ored hr
he i l tmpt
r
t tilc t Re ds v G. Robe t 207 F. 1 , 1 ( 1h Ci.
he ra our. ynol . M
rs,
3d 288 298 1 t r 2000) Plitfsbea
. anif r
t bur en of pr ng by cea a convi ng e de e t tt Ciy vi aed t Poti r
he d
ovi
l r nd
nci vi nc ha he t ol t he
tnge

Cons tDec e See Ric d v Pr de i I s Co 307 F. 1
en
r e.
c ar . u ntal n . .,
3d 277,1 ( 1h Ci.2002)(t
296 1 t r
C
A
fndi ofcvi co e - wiluldir ar oft a hort oft cour - mus be s
i ng
i l nt mpt
lf seg d he ut iy he
t
t uppore by
td
c ea a c nci e denc .' . e tbls t tapa t a td i c empt t pa t s ki
l r nd onvi ng vi e ' To sa ih ha
)
ry ce n ont , he ry ee ng

t c e r i mus s by cea a c nci evi et t (1 t al dl vi ae
he ontmpt ulng t how
l r nd onvi ng dene ha: ) he lege y oltd

or rwa vai andl ul( t or rwa cla a una g us a ( )t ale dvi aor
de s ld
awf , 2) he de s e r nd mbiuo , nd 3 he lge olt
ha t a lt t c
d he biiy o ompl wih t or r I ;Wyat v Ro r ,92 F.d 1
y t he de . d
t . ge s
3 074,1 n.8( 1h Ci.
078
1t r

35

1 9 ) l teP an if d s t eb r e s it t t eDee da t os o ta i h sc mpidwi
9 6 . f h litfs o o,h u d n h fs o h fn n t h w h t t a o le t
h

teij n to , rwh i s o l n t ea j d e i c n e t Re n ls 20 F.da 1 98
h n u ci n o y t h ud o b du g d n o tmp . y od , 7 3 t 2 .
Pl i if pr s nt d e de o t ee d fe e t s ofa l d vi ai t va i t a
antfs e e e vi nce f hr if r nt ype
lege ol tons o lda e
fndi ofco e . The fr tgr i t dieci s f o polce t hom ees i vi l t
i ng
nt mpt
is oup s he r tve r m
i o
l s ndi dua s o

move. Thes co gr i e de e r l tng t t tki ofpe s
e nd oup s vi nc e ai o he a ng
r onalpr pe t by Ciy wor r
o ry
t
ke s
durng c e n- ope a i i 201 The l ti t a r t oft t i vi ua sf robsr di
i l a up r tons n
8.
as s he ress he wo ndi d l o
t u ng
t sdewal
he i
k.

Alhough t Cons ntDe e co ansa g r r quie e t tCiy polc no ha as
t
he
e
cr e nt i
ene al e r m nt ha t
ie t r s
t ho ees ,t Cons ntDec e a Polc De rm e alOr r 11 do no e i ty pr bi
he m l s he
e
r e nd i e pa t nt
de
t xplcil ohi t
t polc fom or rng homel spe s nst m ove fom t i l tons o fom s
he i e r
de i
es r o o
r he r ocai
rr
oundi l
ng oud
noi es t w a peo e be or a cl an- p o r ton. I goe w ihout s ng t t di e tves t
s o ke
pl f e
e u pe a i
t s t
ayi ha r c i
o

m ove durng a cl n- ope a i a e e s n i l t f c lt t t pr s e was ng of t
i
ea up
r ton r s e ta o a iia e he es ur
hi
he
sde l . Pr s ur cl ni
i waks
e s t ea ng,whie i vi l a e see ng on t sde ks i obvi l
l ndi dua s r l pi
he i wal , s
ousy
ha r
za doust t rs f t And, tcla ng pos sheat haz r t t
o hei a e y.
no e ni
e
lh a ds o hem a o he s. i t
nd t r Durng he

c e n- ope a i ,t e de e s
l a up
r tons he vi nc howed t t homel s i vi s ofe m ove cl e by or
ha
es ndi dual tn
d os
l

we e ofe e s le . Dr Sua e t siid t tt t am e
r f r d het r
. r z e tfe ha he e
ngagesa hom e e si vi la t
ny
l s ndi dua t he
cea up l a i hel t m t dica d a ga bag t thasac um ult d a ound t m , ofer
l n- oc ton, ps he o s r ny r e ha
c
ae r
he
f s

t e ce ncoh sa dbln es ( . ol2 1 4 .Th ta t e o f r s etrpa e n a d i
h m la lt e n a k t. Tr v . , 0 ) e e m h n fe s h le lc me t n , f
t e o fr f r s etr i rj ce , t tn me e s ak t e ho ls pes n t r lc t
h fe o h l s ee td he e m mb r s h mee s ro o eo ae
e
t mpor rl 1 The Ciy hasan i e e ti pr e vi t publcwela e hygi ne a s nia i .
e
a iy. d.
t
nt r s n es r ng he
i
fr ,
e nd a tton
I m a s ns a t e de e co im ed t t t Ciy' i e w as t m ove t s ho e e s
t kes e e nd he vi nc nf r
ha he t s nt nt
o
he e m l s
i vi l ,lvi i s l a i enc m pm e s i t t c i
ndi dua s i ng n qua or nd n
a
nt , n o he ontnuum of ca e. The Cour doe
r
t s

no vi w t Ciy' a tons i t sr r t be a c
t e he t s c i , n hi ega d, o
once td pln t vi a e t hom ees ci l
re a o olt he
l s vi

36

he e s
l a nd onvi ng vi nce t tr rng t homel s t move
ha equii he
es o
rght And,t r i no c e r a c nci e de
i s.
durng c e n- oper tons was a vi a i n of t Dec ee es i ly be us t evi nc
i l a up
ai
ol to
he
r , pec a l
ca e he de e

s
howe t tpe er t ne t t l a i a trt clan- a no one wa a r sed.
d ha opl e ur d o he oc tons fe he e ups nd
s re t
As not d, s pr t Pl ntf s a gue t r a e f
e u a, he ai i f r
he e r our i t nce , out i of a c ea up
ns a s
s de
l nope a i wher t polce wer ha as i hom e es i vi s a or i t m t m ove
r tons
e he i
e r s ng
l s ndi dual nd derng he o
,

J va Br ,Ra a Vil l a,Gut i Chi nguz a W ile Riha ds n. Ot r t t
a
ooks f el laong
hre
ba
a, nd li c r o
he han he
ge r pr bii on ha a s e conti d i Cons ntDe e t r i not ng i t Cons nt
ne al ohi ton
r s m nt
a ne n
e
cr e, he e s hi n he
e

De r e or i t Polce De rme a Or r 11 s c fcal pr cl ng a polc ofi e fom
ce
n he i
pa t nt l de
pe ii ly e udi
i e fc r r

i tuc i s e
nsr tng om one t m o M or over t t tmony fom t wines es a t vi o
o ve.
e , he esi
r
he t s nd he de
e de e di not s
vi nc d
how t underyi cic sa s under whih t ofi r is
he
l ng r um t nce
c he fce s s ued t
he
dieci s To fnd cvi co e ,t Cour m us tnd by c e ra co nci evi nc t tt
r tve .
i i l nt mpt he
t ti
l a nd nvi ng de e ha he
Poti r Agr e e c e ry a unambi uousy s i t t ofi e s coul no a k home e s
tnge
e m nt l a l nd
g
l ad ha fc r
d t s
ls
i vi l t move or t evi nc mus s
ndi dua s o
he de e
t how t t t polce ofi e s we e ha as i t s
ha he i
fc r
r r sng he e
i vi l .The evi nce does notes a ih a vi a i n of t D ec e s ge a s a e e t t
ndi dua s
de
t bls
ol to
he
r e' ner l t t m nt ha
t polce notha as t hom el s .The ef e,t s a r f rci lc e pti notm et
he i
r s he
es
r oz he t nda d o vi ont m s
.
The Pl i if a s s k t hol t Ciy i c e ptdue t t i ha i of hom e e s
a ntf s l o ee o d he t n ont m
o he r ndlng
ls
i vi s pe s lpr ry. gai t Poti ge A gr e e a l s ofi r a Ciy wor r
ndi dual ' r ona ope t A n, he tn r
e m nt low
tce s nd t
ke s
t t ke t a t nde pr r y i a cor nc w ih t i i e na pr dur a di ca d pr ry
o a m te d ope t n c da e t he r nt r l oce es nd s r ope t

t ti c ami t d.The Cons tDe e a s cont ns a ge a r quie
ha s ont na e
en cr e lo
ai
ner l e r mentt tCiy polc
ha t
ie
a o r a h wor r te tt pr ry oft homels wih r pe t
nd ute c
ke s r a he ope t
he
e s t es c .

The maort ofPl ntfs winese c ane a
j iy
ai if' t s s ompli d boutt ha i ofpr ry durng
he ndlng
ope t i
ce n- o r tons W ines e t tfed t twor r m ove i quikl and t tt y ha ltl
la up pe a i . t s s esii ha
ke s
d n c y
ha he d ite
tm e t c l c t rbel ngs Hom e es i vi l t tfed t tt y l f ie s i bac
i o ole t hei ongi .
l s ndi dua s es ii ha he e t t m n kpac ,
ks

37

ba ,a postone ou oft way a t tt rpr t waski ked a ound, t own i o pies
gs nd ii d t he
nd ha hei opery
c
r
hr
nt l ,

a t n l de i o tuc t be dipos d.Pli tfs'wines esalo t s ii t tCiy wor r
nd he oa d nt r ks o
s e a n if
t s s e tfed ha t
ke s
r i y di no a l ho els pe s t r ti a s ve t pr ry ofa he homel s
outnel d t low m e s r ons o e reve nd a he ope t
not r
es
pe s fom dipos l But i woul be unr as bl f Ciy wor st decde t rc s of
ron r
s a. , t
d
e ona e or t
ker o i hei our e
a to bas d on a nonci n
e
owne ' sa e nt r ga di a ndone pr ry. The e de
rs t t me e r ng ba
d ope t
vi nce a s
lo
s we t tCiy wor r c pled wih t rpr e es ga notce a ad oftm e,pr dt
ho d ha t
ke s om i
t hei oc dur , ve i he
i
ovi d

ou r ac t a f t i vi ua s ga home e speronsbagst puta
te h o feced ndi d l, ve
ls
s
o
way t i be o ngs a
he r l ngi , nd
l f no es a t s e on t f nce t l t pe e know t l ton of pr r y. Som e of
e t t t he c ne
he e s o e opl
he oca i
ope t

Pl ntfs own wine s t sii d t tt y we e a et kee t pr ry o t m , a r ti ve
ai if '
t s es e tfe ha he
r bl o p he ope t n he nd e r e
pr pe t bel ng t ot r .The e de e a s s e t g a t oft c r um s a esa t s
o ry ongi o he s
vi nc l o how d he r viy he i c t nc t he e
c e n- s s w hi h ha a r dy be n de aied i t s o de . Eve a s i t t a tm es t
l a up pot , c
s lea
e t l n hi r r
n s um ng ha , t i , he

Ciy wor r co d ha ha e t home e s pe s s bel ngsm or de i t l , t Cour
t
ke s ul ve ndld he
l s r on'
ongi
e lcae y he
t

doesno fnd t ta vi ai n oft Cons ntDe r oc ured by cla a c ncng e de e.
t i ha
olto
he
e
c ee c r
e r nd onvi i vi nc
The Cons ntDe r alowst Ciy wor r t tke pr ry i a m a r c itntwih t i
e
c ee l
he t
ke s o a
ope t n
nne onsse
t her
pr e e The e de e s
oc dur s.
vi nc howe t t a l s f t m os pa t t t w a done,a t di ca d
d ha , t ea t or he
t r, ha
s
nd o s r

c a i t d pr ry. De phe i wha i a i notcontm i t d i i abag i difc ta
ontm na e ope t
ci rng
t s nd s
a na e nsde
s fi ul nd
goi t ough a ba t t pos e s c n na e m a e i s t fs out i ntfc tons a
ng hr
g ha
s s es ont mi t d t ral o ih
de ii ai
nd
m e c tonsi notar uie e oft Cons ntDec e . The e de di nots w a ofq e or
dia i s
eq r m nt he
e
re
vi nce d
ho n tc r

a wo ke t ki a y i ntfcai ns a m e cai ,r t r i s
r r a ng wa de ii to nd di tons ahe t howed t tt e ie s we e
ha hos t m
r
unf runael l t a pa t of a pr e s of c e ni a e i des r t ne d of s t ton. The
o t t y os s r
oc s
l a ng r as n pe ae e
aniai
Cour doesnothol t Ciy i con emptf isha i oft pe s lbe ongi .
t
d he t n t
or t ndlng he r ona l ngs
Fi ly, he Cour,f r as a r a det l i t s O r r doe notfnd t t o a r s s
na l t
t or e ons l e dy aied n hi de , s
i he w r e t
a e s fc en t m ee t s anda d t t t Ciy vi a e t de r a s d be he d i
r uf i i t o
t he t r ha he t ol t d he c ee nd houl
l n

38

c e .The e i no e de a t wha pr ce d t a r ss a a s h,t sa r f
ontmpt
r s
vi nce s o
t e de he r e t , nd s uc he t nda d or
cont pti notm et
em s
.

He oesf rt Homel s
r
o he
es

Alhough t Pli if ha o
t
he antfs ve ppos d t t mi ton oft s agr ement i a ve y r al
e he er na i
hi
e
,n
r e
s ns ,t y ar t vi t s Ther lws t a t wor oft i e ele and ca bl c
e e he e he cor . i a ui, nd he
k
he r xc lnt
pa e ouns l
e,

unde t gui nce of t Amerc ns Ci l Li ris Uni a t Fl i J tc l tt e
r he da
he
ia
vi be te
on nd he orda usi e nsiut ,
enge r d a r vol i i t sco muniy ast t te t
nde e
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t
o he r a menta c r ofpe s expe i ncng
nd a e
r ons
re i

hom ees ne s Twe y yea s ago, t unde sgne coul no ha pr di t t m y id of
l s s.
nt
r
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ri d
d t ve e ced he ra
s r c m a pos i e by t e f t oft Hom e e sTr ta M r Rona d L.Book. The Cour
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l
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oul t ve nvii d he di ai
opl, i
.
dr oe e r nd .
r
Sua ez who ha t ke me cne t t sr e s ofM im it hep pe e and gan t rtus t
r ,
ve a n di i o he te t
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m ove her r
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ompas i e wa The wor ofCo t nc Coli a t Lot Hous has as c rbut d t
sonat y.
k
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e
lo onti e o
adi ho els wo e a c l e and hel d t m fnd s utonst homel s s . l goes
i ng m e s m n nd hidr n
pe he i ol i
o
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wiho s yi t tt s c muniy owe a deb of g aiude t J
t ut a ng ha hi om
t
s
t
r tt
o udge St ve Le f a , who ha
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s
i eme ed s t i bl pr a st he p t me a l il whi wilc i t i pr t r
mpl nt usana e ogr m o l he nt ly l,
ch l ontnue o m ove hei
c r um s a s Si pl put J e At ns woul be pr oft r uls A ccor ngl i i
i c t nce . m y , udg ki
d
oud he es t .
di y, t s

ADJ
UDGED t tt Cour t r i t st Cons ntDe r e a deni t moton t hol
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e
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i o d
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FEDER CO A . O REN O
M
UN I
TED STA TES D I
STR I J DG E
CT U

Copi s f ni hed t
e ur s
o:
Couns lofRe or
e
c d

40