Bloom v. Alvereze, et al

Filing 150

ORDER ON MOTIONS TO DISMISS FILED BY STATE AND COUNTY DEFENDANTS; Granting 112 Motion to Dismiss; Granting 117 Motion to Dismiss; Granting 118 Motion to Dismiss. This Case is CLOSED. Signed by Senior Judge William M. Hoeveler on 9/16/2011. (ail)

UNI
TED STA TE S D ISTR ICT CO U R T
SOU TH E RN D I
STRICT O F FLO RIDA
CA SE N O .0621879- V - OEV ELE R
CI H

CLOSED
CI L
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AN D R EW B.BLO O M and AD ELE B LO OM ,
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201 Dkt No. 3 .

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t Cour i r ew i t c pl nt on a di m i alm ot o
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or
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m us t not c be gi bef a sui m ay be m ai ai
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9
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4,and 5 m us be di m i ed, wih pr j c ast t Co is o
t
s ss
t e udie, o he mm s i n.

C.Pl nt fs c ai s aeai t Ofi er Reynol i hi ofi i capac t
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iv

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l ie
Cons vat on Com m i i .4 l hi o fca c pa iy Re l i s j c t t s me
er i
ss on n s fii l a ct yno ds s ub e t o he a
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1
983 3 uckv v Graham ,473 U . 159, 1 ( 98 )(bs r i t t42 U. C.j
69 1 5 o e v ng ha
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wasno i e ed t a og t a St t ' El v nt Ame
t nt nd o br a e
a es e e h
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nt mm t
.

.

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t
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pr ec i asdesc i above,acc di t wel- et l prec
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nst
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her s
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iv

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a iy, he ur
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t on

f ra i ur o d ag s f r d asa r s to a a t e nt o o s i n o
o ny nj y r am e ufe e
e ul f ny c , ve , r mi so f
ac i i t sc ofheror hi em pl entorf t on,unl s such
t on n he ope
s
oym
unc i
es

o f ce ,e o e or age act d i bad f t or wih m alc ous
f i r mpl ye ,
nt e n
aih
t
ii
pur e or i a m anne e bii want n and wiluldi r gar o
pos
n
r xhi t ng
o
lf
se d f
hum an ri s s et orpr pery-. Thee l i r m e y f ri j y o
ght , af y,
o t ..
xcusve e d o n ur r
dam age s f
ufered as a r t ofan ac event or om i i ofan ofi ,
esul
t,
,
ss on
fcer
em pl
oyee,o agentoft s at or any ofi s s
r
he t e
t ubdi si or c i ut onal
vi ons
onstt i
ofi ersshal be by ac i agai tt gover ent ent t ort head of
fc
l
t on
ns he
nm
al iy, he
suc entt i her orhi ofi i c
h
iy n
s fc al apact or t c
iy, he onstt i
iut onalofi er ofw hi h
fc
c
t ofi er,em pl yee,or agenti an em pl yee,unl s h actorom i i
he fc
o
s
o
ess uc
ss on
w as c m it i bad f t orw ih m alci pur
om t ed n
aih
t
i ous pose or i a m anner
n
exhi t ng want and w iluldi regar ofhum an ri s,s et orpr
bi i
on
lf
s
d
ght af y,
oper y.
t
The s at ori s s
t e
t ubdi si s lnotbe labl i t rtf t ac s or
vi ons hal
i e n o or he t
om i s ons ofan ofi er,em pl yee,or agentc m it w hie ac i out i
si
fc
o
om t ed
l t ng
s de
t cour and s ope ofher o hi em pl ym entor c m it i bad f t or
he
se
c
r s
o
om t ed n
aih
wi h m alc ous pur
t
ii
pose or i a m anner exhi t ng w ant and wilul
n
bi i
on
lf

Reynol as i t w er broughtagai thi i eiher c
ds f hey
e
ns m n t
apac t
i y.

di r
s egard ofhum an r ghts,saf y,orpr
i
et
oper y.
t

Fl St t j76 28( )a ( mphassadd d) n t sc e, f nda Re l i o y
a. a . 8. 9 ( ) e
i
e .l hi as De e nt yno ds s nl
labl i vi
i e ndi dualy f t s e c ai st t e entt hi ac i wele eiher
l or he tat l m o he xt
hat s t ons ' t
out i t s ope ofhi em pl ent,orw er w ihi t s ope o hi em pl e
s de he c
s
oym
e t n he c
f s
oym nt
and w er per orm ed i bad f t orm alc ouspur e orw ih w ant and w ilul
e f
n
ai h
ii
pos
t
on
lf
di regar f hum an ri s. Pl nt fs s ii l alege -whi h t s Cour ac e
s
d or
ght
ai if pec fcaly l
c hi
t c pts
ast f pur
rue or posesofr i on t m oton t di m i -t D e endantRe l
ulng
he
i o s ss hat f
yno ds
w as ac i i t s ope ofhi em pl ent dur ng a1 r evant tm es, t es i h
tng n he c
s
oym
i
l el
i ' o tabls
s
labii y Pl nt fs t ef m us dem ons rat t Re l engaged i co
i lt ai if her ore
t
t e hat yno ds
n nduc
t
t w asext e e
hat
rem nough t renderhi i vi l labl pur
o
m ndi dualy i e
suantt Fl St . j
o a. at

76 28( ( .
8. 9)*
Se r ls cfca l ga insast Ofi e Re l ' o uc (Ha as me o
ve a pe ii le to
o fc r yno ds c nd t d r s nt f
Bl o Fa iy' a ef und i pa ag a 99 -1 o Pl i if' r Am e d
om m l' r o
)
n r r phs
01 f a ntfs Thid
nde
Com pl nt Fo exam pl Pl nt fs s at t on t day oft ar t o Bl ,
ai . r
e, ai if t e hat
he
he res f oom
Re l t
yno ds f
handl t se z oft dee and ot wi dlf .. .. E )a ss e ..n
ed he i ure he r
her l ie
and s it d . i

c pt i g de r byt anq lzngi, e uli i t o he wiehe lhy a m a
a urng a e ) r uii i t r s tng n he t r s a t ni l
dyi i polc c t
ng n i e us ody att Evergl
he
ades Out tse
pos veraldaysl e .' Not ng
at r '
hi
aboutt s s e entre
hi tat m
veal a m alc ouspur e on Re l 'par . Si iarl t
s
ii
pos
yno ds
t m l y, he
Cour fndst t alegaton t Reynol t i t w ih i poundi t bi
ti
hat he l i hat
ds d s ed t m
ass
ng he rds

s ai if al s
pl nt fs so pecii l alege t al o t def
fcaly l
hat l f he endantl enf cem ent
aw
or
ofi ersac ed wi hi t sc oft r em pl ent at al t m es s e ! 1 6 ( unt4)
fc
t
t n he ope hei
oym
li , e
8 Co
,

! 2 ( unt5 ,! 21 ( unt6 , 223 ( unt7 , 3 ( unt8 , 47 ( unt9 ,
01 Co
)
2 Co
)!
Co
) $23 Co
) !2 Co
)
and j 2 ( unt1 .
t 62 Co
0)

a c e . .E whie l di t l gewidlf c esho d ngt e nsve
nd ag s . and l j oa ng he ar
.
l ie ag
l i he xpe i
e i bi ,Ofi erReynol beleved t cagescont ned t w r f ,'( 0 ,
xotc rds fc
ds i
he
ai
he ong ood ' !10 )
doesno e
t ven m i m aly sugges bad f t orw ant
ni l
t
aih
onnes i Reynol c
sn
ds onduct

.

I ot par
n her agraphsoft c pl nt,6Pl nt fs not t Ofi Reynol
he om ai
ai if
e hat fcer
ds

pr v o l ct dAnd e Bl o f ra los d e i Oc o r2001 ( ) prom oted
e i usy ie
r w o m o o e e r n t be
!75 ,
ad r epub i iy o Andr w Bl o a t tm eo hi a r s i 2002 ( 5 ) l
ve s
lct f
e o m t he i f s r e t n
! 5 , aughed
a Bl o whe hewa ar es e ( 5 ,
t om
n
s r t d ! 6) wasd lb r t l i fe e t And e
d i e a e y ndif r nt o
de
rw

Bl o sm e c lne ds'( 5 ) c lud d t f brc t r s nst e e o o ( o m '!
o m' dia e ' ! 7 , o l e o a i a e ea o o nt r nt Bl o s
pr pe t wih a uns r e s a c war antt s i eani a s ( 20 , and f l to
o r y t n uppo t d e r h r o e z
m l ! )
aied
a vie a s at j et pro c t insag i tBl o had be n dimi s d ( 7 )
d s t e udg hat i r iato
a ns o m
e s se ! 2
.

Pl ntfs al o gener l com pl n t Ofi er Re
ai if s
aly
ai hat fc
ynol t esor ed t an il
ds f
r t o
legal
s c and s zur 'and t t outofilwiland vengeanc , and as r r buton
ear h
ei e'
d ed
ac
l l
e
et i i

ag ns And e Blo ' s c s f e f r st de e t ( yno ds, Peacock',and
ai t r w o m s uc e sul fo t o f a Re l '
s
W ag o /s e ri rpoi ee f r st r n hi . ( 9 Other ref
g ne l a le lc fo t o ui m ' :1 )
'
erenc t Reynol
es o
ds'
.

conduc ar non- pecii or ar c l or f exam pl , Pl nt fs c ai t
t e
s fc
e onc us y; or
e ai if l m hat
Reynol ( a hi t y ofenf cem entactviy and haras entc ai s wi h t
ds l
has
s or
or
i t
sm
l m
t he

Bl o f m iy'( 99 ,and t Re l waspa to a pl pur s l de i d t
o m a l '! )
hat yno ds
r f an po e y sgne o
pr ess onaly and pers
of i l
onaly hum ii e Bet y Bl
l
lat
s oom

-

da ht ro Andr w Blo (
ug e f
e om !

143)
.

6
The Com pl nti or
ai nc porat al 150 par
es l
agraphsoff ualalegat onsatt
act
l i
h
begi ng ofeac Count
e
nni
h
ng i difcul t i ntf w hi h s ii f t
t fi t o de iy
c pec fc ac ual
, m aki
alegatons ar s
l i
e uppor i ofeac c ai .
t ve
h l m

H avi r e ed t c pl nt t Cour fnds t Pl nt fs have not
ng evi w
he om ai , he
ti
hat ai if
aleged sufi i l t Def
l
fc enty hat endant Reynol ' ac i w er per orm ed d n bad f t
dss t ons
e f
'
i
ai h
or wi h m alc ouspur e ori a m anner e bii w ant and w iluldi regar of
t
ii
pos
n
xhi tng
on
lf
s
d

hum a rg s s e y,o pr pe t ' a. at j7 28( ( . Pl i if ' e r l
n i ht , af t r o r y.
'Fl St . 68, 9)*
a ntfs g ne a
s at e t Ofi Reynol ac ed d ofi1w iland vengeanc 'i not
t em nt hat fcer
ds t d
out l l
e' s
s
uppor ed by s ii alegatonsi t com pl ntand,by vi ue oft c l or
t
pec fc l i
n he
ai
rt
he onc us y

nat ofsuc a gener s at ent,i notent ted t a pres pt on o t h. For
ure
h
al t em
s
il o
um i f rut ;
e
xam pl Pl nt fs c pl nt s at t t t ol f t suppor f t s
e, ai if ' om ai t es hat he t e ac ual
s
t or he earc
h

war ant' a a fd i by De e ntPea o k ( 7)- he e y i plcty
r 'was n fi av t
f nda
c c !9 t r b m iil
ac w l ng t Ofi er Reynol pr ded no di tsuppor f t i uance of
kno edgi hat fc
ds ovi
rec
t or he ss

t s r h wa r nt i c nt as t t a l a i nsi ! 20.Alho h Ofie
he ea c r a , n o r t o he leg to n
t ug fc r
Reynol w aspr
ds
esentatt t m e oft sei e,hi aleged c
he i
he zur
s l
onduc att tm e t hat i
l
aughi at Bl
ng
oom when he w as ar est and pr otng adve publciy ofBl
r ed
om i
rse
it
oom
att t m e oft ar t -s m pl does notam ountt t t ofconduc f
he i
he res i y
o he ype
t ound t be
o

i badf ih o wih m alcouspur s asd c i d i Fl St t j768.8( )0 .
n
at r t
ii
po e es rbe n a. a .
2 9(
Ther or a1 oft st e t tc ai s agai tOfi er Re
ef e, l he at or l m
ns fc
ynol i hi i vi
ds n s ndi dual

c pa iy ( unt 6- 0 a edim is d, t p e udie
a ct Co s 1 ) r s s e wih r j c .

7 di t i tc
A s r c ourtc i i a m oton t di m i s shal begi by i
ons der ng
i o s s
l
n
dent f ng
iyi
c l
onc usor alegat ons t ar not entt ed t an as um pt on oft h -l
y l
i
hat e
il o
s
i
rut egal
c l i m us be suppor ed by f t alegat ons. Randal v.Sc t 610 F.
onc us ons
t
t
ac ual l i
l
ot ,
3d

7 ,7 1 ( t Ci.2 0 .
01 09- 0 11h r 01 )

E. Pl ntfs' ederalcl m s aeai t Ofi Revnol i hi i vi
ai if f
ai
ns fcer
ds n s ndi dualcapac t
iv
As t t f alc ai s agai Ofi er Re
o he eder l m
nst fc
ynol i hi i vi
ds n s ndi dualc
apac t
iy

( unt 1 2, a 5 , f nda sar t tRe no dsi e il t qua ii d
Co s , 4, nd ) De e nt gue ha y l s ntted o lfe

i m uniy.Qua ii d i muniy pr t c sg ve nm e o fc a spe f r i
m
t
lfe m
t o e t o r nt fii l ro m ng
di cr i y f tons f om suis i t i i vi
s etonar unc i
r
t n he r ndi dualcapac t es unl t r c
ii
ess hei onduct
vi at c earl es abls
ol es l y t i hed s at or o c t t i
t ut y r ons i utonalr ght ofw hi h a r
i s
c
easonabl
e
per w oul have know n. H arl v. Fiz e a d,457U . 800 818 ( 982 .
son
d
ow
tg r l
S. ,
1 )

Pl nt fs argue t i w oul be pr at t gr Def
ai if
hat t
d
em ure o ant endantReynol t
ds he
prot cton ofqualfed i m uniy att s s
e i
ii m
t
hi tage oft proc ng, and r y -agai he
eedi
el
n
on generalalegatons i t c pl nt i i per i si e, how ever,t rai a
l i
n he om ai ; t s m s bl
o se
qualfed i m uni y def e i a m ot on t di i . ïlhe di t i tcour t
ii m
t
ens n
i o sm ss ïa
r
s rc
t hen
exam i t c pl nt t s w het t alegatons t
nes he om ai o ee
her he l i
hem s ves re
el
vealt
he
exi ence oft qualfed i m uniy def
st
he
ii m
t
ense, ie. whe her under t m os f rabl
.,
t ,
he
t avo e
ver on oft f t aleged, def
si
he ac s l
endants ac i vi at c ear y es abls l .''
' t ons ol e l l t i hed aw

Bennet v.Par
t
ker,898 F 2d 1 0,15 ( t Ci .1 )
53
35 11h r 990 .
.

As t Pl ntf shave aleged, as di cuss above,t al oft aleged
he ai if
l
s
ed
hat l he l
conduc by Reynol w asw ihi t s ope o hi em pl ent8t bur i on
t
ds
t n he c
f s
oym
he
den s
,

B ai if s ii l alege t Reynol and t ot 1 enf cem ent
pl ntfs pec fcaly l
hat
ds
he her aw
or
ofi ers ac ed wi hi t s
fc
t
t n he cope oft r em pl ent at al t m es
hei
oym
li
, s e! 18 ( unt4 ,
! 201(
C
e
6 Co
)
ount5 .Alho h Co s 1a 2 l k t ss cfcaleg i n, i i c ear
) t ug
unt nd ac hi pe ii l ato t s l
f
r t aleged c
om he l
onduc i t e Count , and Pl ntf s i or
t n hos
s
ai if ' nc porat on i eac of
i n
h
t e Count ofal 150 paragr
hos
s
l
aphs off t alegatons t Pl nt fs ar
ac ual l i , hat ai if e
c pl ni about ac i t
om ai ng
t ons aken by t l enf c ent def ndantswi hi t
he aw
or em
e
t n he
s ope oft r em pl ent.
c
hei
oym

l
;

'

:

Pl nt fst es abls t a r onabl ofi er i Reynol 'pos t on att t m e
ai if o t i h hat eas
e fc n
ds
ii
he i
w oul have known t hi c
d
hat s onduc w as unc i ut onal Gar t v. At
t
onstt i
re t
hens cl ke
- ar

Co y,3 F.3 1 ,1 8- ( t Ci . 04 ; fPl i if c
unt 78 d 274 27 79 11h r 20 ) i a ntfs anno d s , then
too
qualfed i m uniy apples.
ii m
t
i

The Cour m ustdet i w het Pl nt fs have aleged a cons i utonal
t
erm ne
her ai if
l
tt i
vi l i and w het t cons iutonalri w hi h alegedl w asi r nged was
o at on,
her he
tt i
ght
c l
y
nf i
c ear y es abls
l l t i hed.Pears v. Ca l
on
lahan,555U. 2 ,23 43 ( 09 ( s us i
S. 23 2- 20 ) dic sng
Sauc erv.Kat 533 U .S.1 ( 001) I t pr e c s ,d s e nm e o t
i
z,
94 2 ). n he es nt a e i c r nt f he

s ii c tt i
pec fc ons iut onalvi at ons aleged by Pl nt fsi difc tbecaus t r
ol i
l
ai if s fi ul
e hei
c pl nti pr
om ai m opery c bi m ul i e alegat ons ofi ri
l om nes
tpl l i
nf nged c tt i
ons iut onal
r ghtsi a s ngl c
i
n i e ounti ho e , t Cour has exam i t c ai s and
g w ver he
t
ned he l m

d t r i d t a lo t c l r bl cai s(n t c unt a l i c ns iuto l
e e m ne hat l f he o o a e l m i he o s leg ng o tt i na
vil to )fo fo t e s cfct pe o c nd t t a r s (ncud ngt
o a ins l w r m hr e pe ii y s f o uc : he r e t i l i he

aleg d y unl wf e r o opr pe t ) t s i ur o a m al a f iur t r t n
l el
a ul nt y nt o r y , he e z e f ni s nd a l e o e ur
t e ani al l and t pr cut on ofAndre Bl
hos
m s,o
he ose i
w oom and rel ed def at y
at
am or
statem ents.

Thee
xami to ast whe he t l w i fl ary e t bls '( t any o
na i n o t r he a s d e l s a i hed'as o
c
f
9 e
For xam pl , i Count 4,Pl nt fs c pl n ofdepr vat ons oft r r ght
e n
ai if om ai
i i
hei i s
pro ect by t Four h,Fit Ei h,and Fourt h A m endm ent t t U nied
t ed
he
t
f h, ght
eent
s o he
t
St es Cons iut on.
at
tt i

1To t ext t Pl nt fs c pl n ofa f l e ofDef
0 he ent hat ai if om ai
aiur
endant , generaly,
s
l
t keep ac urat r ords oft l cat on oft ani al af er s zur -t Courtfnds
o
c
e ec
he o i
he m s t ei e he
i
t suc c ai c
hat h l m annotbe sus ai
t ned as t Def
o
endantReynol ast
ds
here ar no
e
alegatonst he was r pons bl f t r ord- pi .
l i
hat
es
i e or he ec kee ng
1
3

q
(
l
ë

?

t s aleg d v o ato )i bas d o t c nc ptt o fca sar e il d t ta r
he e l e i l i ns s e n he o e hat fii l e ntte o d i
f
not c 't t c l
i e' hat he halenged c
onduc i prohi t . To det m i w het t l i
ts
bied
er ne
her he aw s

c earl est i hed,c t l t broad c e l , or t c es bas on m at i l
l y abls
our s ook o
as aw
o as
ed
er aly
s m iarf t or t t s fc c
i l ac s, o he pecii onduc i s ft det m i w het i s o ous y
t t el o er ne
her t o bvi l
vi at t Cons iuton t ref ence t pr or c e 1 i unnec ar . Randal v.
ol es he
t t i hat er
o i as aw s
ess y
l

Sc t,61 F.d 7 ,71 1 ( t Ci.201 ) Pl i if ha f ie t i ntf a
o t 0 3 01 5- 6 llb r 0 . a ntfs ve a l d o de iy ny
s cfcc el w (ihe b o c e l w o c e wih m at r a l sm ia f t ) and
pe ii as a e t r r ad as a r as s t
e i ly i l r ac s ,
as suc appear t cl m t Def
h
o ai hat endants c
' onduc w asds f beyond t haz
t
d o ar
d
he
y

bo de be we n e c s i and ac e ab e (o
r r t e x e sve
c pt l c nduc t tDe e nt hadt kno he
t ha f nda q
o w
wasvi at ng t Constt i e
ol i he
iut on ven w i houtcasel on poi .' Pr es er. Ci v of
t
aw
nt ' i t v. t
'
Ri era Beac 208 F. 919, 92 ( t Ci . ooo t uo i ' t v. a t x, 127 F.
vi
h,
3d
6 11h r z ln tna Smih M to
3d

1 6 1 9 ( 1hCi .1 ). The Co tno t nst t que to o whe he
41 , 41 1 t r 997 )
ur w ur o he s i n f t r
Pl ntfs' l i -under t m os f
ai if alegat ons
he
t avor e ver on oft f t -dem ons rat
abl
si
he ac s
t e
t t Def
hat he
endant 'ac i i t s ii ci um s
s t ons n he pec fc rc
tancesvi at c earl
ol ed l y

es abls
t i hed l .
aw

i The ar estand ent v on pro rf
.
r
r
pe y

The c tt i
ons iut onalr ghtt be f f om a w r
i
o
ree r
ongf ar ti , ofc
ul res s
ours wel
e, l
es abls
t i hed. Thi Cour m us det i whe he , att tm e oft i dent ever
s
t
t erm ne
t r
he i
he nci
,
y

obj tvel r
ec i y easonabl polc ofierwoul have r ied t t ac ofar es i
e ie fc
d
ealz hat he t
r tng
Pl nt f A ndr Bl
ai if
ew oom vi l ed al
o at
ready c ear y es abl s f
l l t i hed ederall . Qualfed
aw
ii
i m uniy pr ec s f om sui d lbutt pl nl i
m
t ot t r
tt
al
he ai y ncom pet or one w ho i
ent
s

knowi y vi at ng t f
ngl ol i he ederall .' W ilneham v.Louehnan
aw ' li
3d 1178,
, 261 F.

11 ( t Ci.2 )
87 11h r 001 .
Fal e arr ti t unl ulr t ai ofa pers agai t pers s wil
s
es s he awf es r nt
on
nst hat
on' l.

D ef
endantReyno ds i ent ted t qualfed i m uniy i t r ord r
l s il o
ii m
t f he ec
eveal
st he
hat
had act pro
ual babl c
e ause f t ar es , t eby r
or he r t her
enderi t ar tand
ng he res
subs
equentres r ntofAndre Bl
t ai
w oom l f . W hen det i ng w het pro
aw ul
erm ni
her babl
e

c ee i t ,t s bj c i e i e o t o fc ri no r lvant Davi v.Sc
aus x sed he u e tv nt nt f he fi e s t e e ,
s
herer
,

4 U. 1 1 ( 984 ( ua ii d i uniy i e l e und ra pur l o j c i
68 S. 83, 91 1 ) q lfe mm t s va uat d e
ey b e tve
s anda d . Qualfed i m uniy d hi l a o fc rfo s twhen s make a
t r)
ii m
t f e ds n fie r m ui
s
he
s
deci i t ,even i c i ut onaly defc ent r onabl m i appr
s on hat
f onstt i l
i i , eas
y s
ehends t l
he aw
go ni t c r um st
ver ng he i c
ances s c ront . Br s
he onf ed
os eau v.H aueen,125 S.Ct.596)

5 9 ( ) tA n a r s wilbe uphe d i t o j c i e cr um s a e j tf t
9 2004 . (
(
ret l
l f he b e tv ic t nc s us iy he
'
t
at
,
a r s . U ni ed St esv.Jones 377 F.3 . 313 1 4 ( t Ci.20 ) ctne
r e t'
d 1 , 31 11h r 04 , ii
Arkansas v.Suli , 53 U . 7 ( 01 . I e De e anti pr t c e e e i
lvan 2 S. 69 20 ) nde d, f nd
s oetd v n f
he onl had (
y
f
arguabl ' obabl c
e'
pr
e ause f hi ac i . t det m i w het
or s t ons ;
To er ne
her

ar
guabl pr
e obabl c e e s s, cour s m us l t t t alt oft
e aus xi t
t
t ook o he ot iy he
c r um s anc , D avi v. W ilam s,451 F.3d 759, 7 ( t Ci.20 )
ic
t es'
'
s
li
63 11h r 06 .

The onl alegat ons ast Ofi Reynol i t c pl ntr atng t t
y l i
o fcer
ds n he om ai el i o he

a r s ar t the(
r e t e ha
d
handl t s i ur o t de rand o he wid ie'( 1 0 ; hus
ed he e z e f he e
t r l lf ' ! 0 ) t
i appear t ot l enf c entofi ers arr t Bl . I
t
s hat her aw
or em
fc
es ed oom ndeed,Pl ntfs
ai if

s at t tBl o ' sar es e by Ofie Pe o k'( 31 , thereby acknowl ng
t e ha o m d
wa r t d
fc r ac c ' $ )
edgi
t Re
hat ynol w as nott ar t ng ofi . Even i Re
ds
he res i
fcer
f ynol had been t
ds
he
15

a r s i ofc r Pl i if mus e t bls t tRe no dsi s j c t i vi
r e tng fie , a ntfs t s a i h ha y l s ub e t o ndi dual
labiiy f t ar est
i lt or he r .

The c pl nt alegest Re
om ai
l
hat ynol c l
ds oluded t f i e r
o abr cat easons t ent
o er
ont Bl ' pr
o oom s oper y w ih an unsupport s ch w arr t sei e Bl ' ani al
t t
ed ear
ant o z oom s m s

( 20 , t c mpl i a s a l ge t tt R oe f t s po tf rt s r h
! ) but he o a nt lo le s ha he s l ac ual up r o he ea c
war ant' a afi av tby De e ntPea o k ( )1 Pl i if alo a l g t t
r 'was n fd i
f nda
c c :97 .1 a ntfs s le e ha
i wa we lkno t Re l ( nd Pe c c ,ï ne e dic o e t a j ca o
t s l wn o yno ds a
a o k) t
but v r s l s d o ny udii l r
pr cuton aut i y by t ofi rs when see ng t w ar
ose i
hor t
he fce
ki he
rant't pr or c t i
' hat i i at ons

ag i tBl o had be n dim i s d o t tBl o had be n a q t e t r o (
a ns o m
e s s e r ha o m
e c uit d he e f !
V1 '2
)'
I i c earf om t c pl ntt on t day oft arr t ofBl , Ofi er
tsl
r
he om ai hat
he
he es
oom
fc

Reynol w asre yi on a s c w ar
ds
l ng
ear h
rantt s
o upporthi ent y on t pr
s r
he oper y
t

-

a

searc w arr obt ned on f t supportofer so el by Ofi er Peac k; t
h
ant ai
ac ual
f ed l y
fc
oc he
Courtdoesnotfnd t Pl nt fs have aleged a c tt i
i hat ai if
l
ons iut onalvi at on ast
ol i
o
Reynol ent y ont t pr
ds' r
o he oper y. ( ai if '
t Pl ntfs barealegatonsi t c
l i n he ompl nt
ai

lBl
l oom c ai st Ofi er Peac k neverpers
l m hat fc
oc
onaly saw any ofthe
l
d
t
unde w ei
r ghf'or d al
t nouri hed' ani al r erenc i t s c w ar
m
s ' m s ef
ed n he ear h
rant i t
, ns ead
s reled on r
he i
epor ed com pl nt f om nei
t
ai s r
ghborsand o he .
t rs

lpl i if aloc mpl n t Re l ( nd Pe o k)f iedt ad s t
z a ntfs s o ai hat yno ds a
ac c a l o vie he
j ei s ngt s r h wa r t tapro ct i n ag ns Gar Bl om , t son
udg s ui he ea c
r ant ha
ir iato ai t y o
he

ofAndre Bl ,had been di m i s . Even i s h a f tw er rel vant as t t
w oom
s s ed
f uc
ac
e e
o he
s h w ar antreques ed f Andr Bl ' pro rt , t Cour doesnotfnd t
earc
r
t or
ew oom s pe y he
t
i hat
ir
t endersReynol r ponsi e f any i i m ii i t s ch w ar ant as
ds es
bl or
nfr t es n he ear
r
Pl nt fs s ii l aleget Ofi erPeacoc pr ded t s e f t support
ai if pec fcaly l
hat fc
k ovi
he ol ac ual
f t w arr .
or he
ant

c
annotest i h t Reynol hi se fi entonaly orrec es l i l
abls hat
ds m l nt i l
kl s y nc uded f se
al
i orm aton i t suppor f r t af i t)
nf
i n he
t o hat fdavi .
A st t ar tofAndre Bl , t Courtl
o he res
w oom he
ookst t alegatons o t
o he l i
f he
com pl ntt de er i w het pr
ai o t m ne
her obabl caus e s ed f t ar t Bl
e
e xi t or he res . oom st es
at

t he w as pr ut f f ony c
hat
osec ed or el
ount ofani alc uely and m i
s
m
r t
sdem eanor c
ount
s
o c i ng ani al wi houts fc entwat . ( 55 .l a
f onfni
m s t
ufi i
er ! ) t ppea st tBl o was
r ha o m

ar est pur uantt Fl St j8281 whihpr vi s i e ala, hati i aflny
r ed s
o a. at
.2 c o de ,ntr i t t s eo
.

t i ent onaly depr ve an ani alofnec ar s t
o nt i
l
i
m
ess y us enance or s t and Fl St
heler
a. at.
,

j82 1 whih pr vi st ti i a mi de a rt c nfne a ani la f i t
8. 3, c o de ha t s
s me no o o i n ma nd a l o
suppl a sufi i quant t ofgood and w hol om e f and w at , orw ihout
y
fc ent
iy
es
ood
er
t
w hol om e exer i
es
c se.

On t rai day oft ar es at t Gol St r pr
he ny
he r t he den i rup oper y ac di t
t
cor ng o
,
Pl nt fs c pl nt a l w e o c m e o fc r( fc rPe c c o e ve t tt r
ai if ' om ai , a nf r e nt fie Ofie
a o k) bs r d ha he e

w e se aldead duc and t peacoc i out
re ver
ks
wo
ks n
door c
agesw ihoutf orw at r.
t
ood
e

( 3 ) l add to a g a m ar waso e v t be unde we g , and another horse
! 0 . n ii n, r y
e
bs r ed o
r i ht
i an out s al had no beddi , m o d ha a d r y wa e ( 3 ;o he ho s
n
er t l
ng
l y y, nd i t t r ! 6) t r r es

we eo e ve t beund r i ht( 3 40, ) and apo a ar d s c y ( nd
r bs r d o
e we g !! 8, 42 ,
ny ppe e ikl a
l t rd e )( 42 . Se r lpi swe e o e ve i a 1 s ua ef o o e s al
a e i d ! ) ve a g r bs r d n 00 q r o t ut r t l
wiho f odo wa e ( 3 ) t c wswe eo e ve t be unde we g (r91 , and
t ut o r t r ! 7 , wo o
r bs r d o
r i ht ! )
donkeysw e obs ved t be under ght s
re er
o
wei , unbur d a had o n s r ( 42 .
ne nd
pe o es ! )
Andre Bl
w oom c ai s t he had a vehi l l
l m hat
c e oaded wi h ani algrai and f
t
m
n
eed
pur has ear i on t day oft ar t and t t f w oul have been
c ed ler
he
he res ,
hat he ood
d

7
.

di t i ed t al oft ani al as s ast s eady rai s ow ed. ( 4 ,a t t
s r but o l he m s
oon
he t
n l
! 4) nd ha
des t Pl nt fs own st em ent i t c pl nt ast t o er i ofl
pie ai if '
at
s n he om ai
o he bs vat ons aw
enf c ent l a s ngl ani al bi or f w lon t ..
or em
,d
not i e m , rd, o
he . proper y l ked s fc ent
t ac
ufi i

f o wat r o s le '( 48 .Bl o aleg st tve e i ransDr Pe e Al r z
o d, e , r het r' ! ) o m l e ha t rna i
. t r va e
and Dr.Cr s obalFl es wer f ii wi h t heal h and c oft Bl
it
or
e am lar t he
t
are he oom
ani al and w oul not have agr wi h t l enf em entopi on t t
m s
d
eed t he aw
orc
ni hat he

ani al were m al
m s
nour s
i hed or negl t
ec ed

.

An ofi er i ent ted t qualfed
fc s il o
ii

i m uniy i he had t
m
t f
d
arguabl pr
e obabl caus ' s h t t eas
e
e'- uc hat ' onabl o fce i t
r
e fi rs n he
sam e c r
i cum s anc and poss i t sam e knowl
t es
ess ng he
edge'coul have beleved t
' d
i
hat

pro
babl c e exi ed f r t ar t Ki l v.Ci v ofM i i 382 F.3d 1220,
e aus
st o he res
nes and
t
am ,
.

1 ( t Ci.2 )(ia i nso it d .Ac e i t aleg d f t a t ue i
232 11h r 004 ct to m t e ) c ptng he l e ac s s r n
Pl ntfs' pl ntr
ai if com ai egardi t c
ng he ondi i o
tons bser by l enf cem entofi rs
ved
aw
or
fce
att tm e oft s ch,i i c eart arguabl pr
he i
he ear t s l
hat
e obabl caus exi t f t
e
e s ed or he
ar tofAndr Bl om . Even i a vet nari c
res
ew o
f
eri an onduc i a m or t
t ng
e horough
exam i i ofeac ani alwoul nothave f
naton
h
m
d
ound t t ani al w er
hat he m s
e

m al
nouri hed ornegl t Pl ntf s c pl ntc ear y st es t s
s
ec ed, ai if ' om ai l l at hat ever ani al
al m s

we eo e v d by Ofie Pe o k ( nd o he s t ha no f o o wat ri t i
r bs r e
fc r ac c a t r ) o ve o d r e n her
cages o s l ,donkeysw er obs
r tals
e erved w ih open s es and ot ani al w er
t
or ,
her m s
e
obs ved t be under ei .
er
o
w ght

I lg o t s at d o e vato (e r ed i Pl ntfs c m pl i )m adea
n i ht f he t e bs r i ns r po t n ai if ' o a nt
t
t tm e ofBl ' arr t,t Cour c
he i
oom s es he
t annotfnd t Pl nt f has aleged t a
i hat ai if
l
hat

reasonabl ofi er i Reynol posii woul have known t t ar tof
e fc n
ds
ton
d
hat he res
18

Pl nt f on t dat f t m i dem eanorofc i ng ani al w ihoutsufi i
ai if
hat e or he s
onfni
m s t
fc ent

wa e ( rf rf l ny ani a c ue t 3 wasunc ns iuto l d g bl pr ba l
t r o o eo
m l r lyl)
o tt i na . t ua e o b e
Ar
c e doesnotrequi an at t ng ofi er t pro e ' e em ent o a c i e or t
aus
re
res i
fc o ve vel l
y
f rm
o
obt n a c es i be o m aki an al t, whi h w oul negat t c
ai
onf s on f re
ng
ves
c
d
e he once of
pt

pr
obabl c e and t
e aus
rans or ar t ng ofi ersi o pros uto .' Sc broueh v.
f m res i
fc
nt
ec rs ' ar

M vl s 245F. 1 99,13 03 ( 1hCi .2 ) Pl ntfsha no ct d, rha
e,
3d 2
02- 1 t r 001 . ai if ve t ie no s
t s Cour i
hi
t dent fed,a re rt c e w ih s m iar f t nor have Pl nt fs pr ded
ii
po ed as t i l ac s
ai if ovi

any o he bas sf r fndi t t l w asc ear y es i hed t an ar es under
t r i o i ng hat he aw
l l tabls
hat
r t
t e crc s anc w as pr bi ed. I lght o t f t s r
hes i um t es
ohi t
n i
f he ac s ur oundi t ar t as
ng he res ,

vi w ed i f r ofPl nt fs,Re
e
n avo
ai if
ynol had atl targuabl pro
ds
eas
e babl caus f t
e
e or he
ar es and t ef i entt ed t qualfed i m uni y f any cl m s agai thi
r t
her ore s il o
ii m
t or
ai
ns m
i vi
ndi dualy re atng t t ar estl
l l i o he r .4

i.t s i ur oft ani al
i he e z e he m s
D ef
endant Reynol i ent t ed t qualfed i m uniy f t s zure oft
ds s i l o
ii m
t or he ei
he
pro t i f he f t known t hi att t m e oft s zur atl
per y f t ac s
t
o m
he i
he ei e
eastarguabl
y

1Lee v.Fer ar , 284 F. 11 8,1 96 ( 1hCi .2 )( n ar es s po t by
3
r o
3d 8 1 1 t r 002 a r t up r ed
pr babl caus f a par i ul ofense m ay be vald even i t ar t ng ofi
o
e
e or
t c ar f
i
f he res i
fcer

r le o an o f ns f rwhi h nopr ba e c e e s s .
eis n
fe e o
c
o bl aus xit )
1The Cour obse
4
t
rvest Pl nt f sal o m ay be at em pt ng t cl m t
hat ai if s
t
i o ai hat
Reynol or ot Def
ds
her endant e bied a de i at i fer e t t ndr
s xhi t
lber e ndif enc o d
A
ew

Bl o sme c ne s' ! 57 b d yi hi hi bl o pr s e me c ton,
o m' dial ed '(J ) y en ng m s o d es ur di a i but
Pl ntfs have notaleged t any oft D ef
ai if
l
hat
he
endant ac ed w i h delberat
s t
t
i
e
i fer
ndif ence t A ndr Bl ' se ous m edi needs. Lanc t v.M onroe
o
ew oom s ri
cal
as er

Co v. a. 11 F. 1 9,1 ( 1hCi .1 )
unt A1 , 6 3d 41 425 1 t r 997 .
19

c ed a reasonabl s pi i t soc at ng t pr
reat
e us c on as i i he oper y wi h c i i ac i t .'''
t t r m nal tviy

Li ey v.St v,936 F 2d 55 55 ( t Ci.1 )n tne Pa o v N ew Yor
nds
ore
4, 9 11h r 991 uo i
vt n
k,
.

.

4 U. 5 ( 9 ) Asno e a ve t c
45 S. 73 1 80 .
t d bo , he ompl i e t bls d t tatl as
a nt s a i he ha
e t
ar
guabl pr
e obabl c
e ause exi ed f t ar tofBl
st or he res
oom f ani alcr t o
or m
uely r
c i ng ani al wi hout s fc entw at . M or
onfni
m s t
ufi i
er
eover Pl nt fs have noti
, ai if
dent fed
ii

a c e a (ro he s ur e o aut rt es a ihi t ta s i ur o ani a si
ny as l w o t r o c f ho iy) t bls ng ha e z e f m l n
t e crc st
hes i um ancesw aspr bi ed -t
ohi t
heref re, Reynol i entt ed t qualfed
o
ds s i l o
ii
i m uniy as t t sei e oft ani al , l As t t f l t r urn t ani al
m
t
o he zur
he m s s
o he aiure o et
he m s

,

t Courtfndst Bl
he
i
hat oom hasf l t st e f t alegi t Ofi Reynol i
aied o at ac s l ng hat fcer
ds s
i vi l labl f s h c
ndi dualy i e or uc onduct
.

fi $ pr ec i and aleeedl def at v s at ent
i. he os ut on
l
v am or t em s
To es abls t Def
t i h hat endantReynol i i vi
ds s ndi dualy r pons bl f vi at ng
l es
i e or ol i
Andr Bl ' r ghtt be f ee f
ew oom s i
o
r rom m alc ouspr ec i , Pl nt fs m us
ii
os uton ai if
t
dem ons rat i erala, t t arr tw asw ihoutpr
t e, nt
i hat he es
t
obabl c
e ause, and t t
hat he
Def
endantac ed w i h m alc . To s c on a f alm alci pros
t
t
ie
uc eed
eder
i ous
ecut on c ai ,
i l m
a pl nt f m us notonl pr t el ent oft s at t tofm alc ous
ai if
t
y ove he em
s he t e or
ii

lAtt s s age oft case, i i unc ear whe her t ani al were c i at
5 hi t
he
ts
l
t
he
m s
onfsc ed
i o r t be pr
n rde o
oper y car f , or as a penaly f t c
l
ed or
t or he hargesf w hi Bl
or
ch oom
waspros ut The Cour has anal
ec ed.
t
yzed t ques i ofqualfed i m uniy as i
he
t on
ii m
t
f
t ani al w er pro rt sei ed i ass i i wi h cr m i ac i t . Pr
he m s
e pe y z n
oc at on t i nal tviy
esum abl
y
t re i a l serl
he s es
egals andard gove ng w he herqualfed i m uniy apples t a
t
rni
t
ii m
t
i o
l enf c entofi ers c i at on o ani al t pr ec t
aw
or em
fc ' onfsc i f m s o ot t hem f
rom c t but
ruely
t par i have notm ade suc argum ent and t Cour need notr h t i sue.
he
tes
h
s
he
t
eac hat s
-

20

pr ut on but al o es ablsh t hi Fourt Am endm ent r ghtt be f ee f
osec i
s t i hat s
h
i
o
r rom
unr onabl sei ure w as vi at . K i l v.Civ ofM i i 382 F .3d 1220,
eas
e z
ol ed
nes and
t
am ,

1 ( 1hci . 4 .AsPl ntfsha no a l g t tRe l wast te a
234 1 t r 200 )
ai if ve t le ed ha yno ds
he d g l
l
caus 'oft pros
e' he
ecut on, t c ai m ustf l am o RentA - . I v.M anc ,
i
he l m
ai .Al
- car nc.
usi

632 So2d 1 2,13 ( a.1 4)
. 35
55 Fl 99 .
Pl i if a l g i Co 1t ta li vi de e nt (ncud ng
a ntfs le e n unt ha l ndi dual f nda s i l i
Re no d )m ad t alco l f s s a e
y ls
e s i iusy ale t t ment t t m e i c nc r ngt pl ntfs
m
s o he d a o e ni he ai if

and t i pr pe t a e
he r o r y, nd ngagld i a o f nsveandf l epa t r and pr c ieo
e ) n n fe i
as te n
a tc f
m algni t pl nt fst contnues t t s day by c i t pl nt fs and
i ng he ai if hat
i
o hi
aus ng he ai if
m em bers oft r f iy t be vi ed as ani alm ol t s whos pr
hei am l o
ew
m
es er
e oper y w asus
t
ed
f ac sofs gnii
or t
i fcantcr t , who w e f ced t fee Sout Fl da as a r ul of
uel y
re or
o l
h ori
es t
t rm i
hei sdeeds,and w ho contnue t engage i ani alc t conduc el w here i
i
o
n m
ruely
t se
n

Fl rda. ( 1 ) The e a l ga inswe e no i l ed i Pl ntf so i i l
o i ' ! 59 . s le to
'
r t ncud n ai if rg na

c mpl nt no i t ame edc mpl ntand -a s h -a euntm ey a s j c t
o ai , r n he nd o ai
s uc r
i l nd ub e t o
d s s a (e d s us i n, lw) Si l ry, 1 o t c a m so Ade eBl o ( unt
i mi s l s e i c so be o . mia l a l f he l i f l o m Co

2 ar s j c t d s s a a untm ey.( tm ei s o Ad l Bl o sc a msi
) e ub e t o i mi s l s i l The i lne s f e e o m' l i s

d s us e i r atpp. 23.
i c s d nf a
22- )
I s m ar ac eptng al ofPl nt fs' ac ualalegatonsi t Thi d
n um
y, c i
l
ai if f t
l i
n he
r
A m ended Com pl ntas t , t e i no basi f a fndi t Pl ntfs'
ai
rue her s
s or i ng hat ai if
c i ut onalr ght were vi at by D ef
onstt i
i s
ol ed
endantRe
ynol , and t ef e Def
ds
her or
endant
Reynol i ent ted t qualfed i m uni y ast a1 f
ds s il o
ii m
t
o l ederalcl m s agai t hi i hi
ai
ns m n s
i vi
ndi dualcapaciy.
t

l .Pl ntf s c ai s agai tM i iDade Count and t Count O fi s
I ai if ' l m
ns
am y
he
v fcer
The Count and SergeantDi nardo and Ofi er Peac k a1 s t di i
y
Ber
fc
oc 1 eek o sm ss
t c pl nt,ar ng t i i a shot
he om ai
gui hat t s
gun pl ng,t t e i no basi f
eadi
hat her s
s or
r aton bac ofse
el i
k
veraloft c ai s -and t ef e t e c ai s ar t m e- r
he l m
her or hos l m
e i bar ed)
t t e i no r s
hat her s
e ponde supe orlabiiy,and al o t Pl ntf f l t sat s y
at
ri i lt
s hat ai if aied o i f

t pl ad ngr uie t f ra j 1 c a m . l a to t Count and t
he e i eq r men s o
983 l i n ddii n, he
y
he
Ofi ersi t r ofi i c
fc
n hei fc al apaciy c ai s
t l m over gn i m uniy,c t ng t not c
ei m
t ii he i e

pr v so o Fl St t j76 28 -a de c i a ve The Co y De e
o i ins f a. a . 8.
s s rbed bo .
unt f ndant a s
s lo
aleg t ta 1o t cai o Ade eBlom a es bj c t d s is la untm ey.
l e ha l f he l ms f l o
r u e t o im s a s i l

A .Adel Bl ' c ai s
e oom s l m

The Cour frs addres t Count Def
ti t
ses he
y
endant 'argum ent ast t c ai s
s
s
o he l m

br ug by Adee Bl o ,t wieo And e Bl o ,a t t Ofie sl ( e e
o ht
l o m he f f r w o m s o he fc r .6 Ad l
Bl o i no pur ui a c a m ag ns t Co y die ty. l i und s e t t
o m s t s ng l i ai t he unt r c l ) t s iput d ha
Pl nt fs ani al w er s zed on Jul 31,2002,and Pl nt f A ndr Bl
ai if ' m s
e ei
y
ai if
ew oom w as
pros ut f f ony ani alcr t unt lt c gesagai thi w er nole
ec ed or el
m
uely
i he har
ns m
e l

pr s on Jul 1,2005. A del Bl
os ed
y
e oom w as notadded asa par y unt lM ay 2009.
t
i
Pl ntf Andre Bl ' earler c pl ntsdi notpur tt br ng an ac i on
ai if
w oom s
i om ai
d
por o i
ton

1I i uncl f om t c pl ntwhet s
6t s
ear r
he om ai
her uch c ai s are br
l m
ought agai
nst
t Ofi s i t r ofi i ori vi
he fcer n hei fc al ndi dualcapac t -i any event t cl m s ar
iy n
, he ai
e
t m q- ed,as di cuss abo
i barr
s
ed
ve.

behal ofM rs.Bl ,7and t Cour fnds t t e i an i lc entbas s t
f
oom 1
he
ti
hat her s
nsuf- i
i
i o
per i M s.Bl ' untm el c ai s t pr eed. Pl ntf sunsuc s uly at em ptt
m t
oom s i y l m o oc
ai if
ces f l t
o

e end t s at e oflm i at ons by argui t t Count Def
xt
he t ut
i t i
ng hat he
y
endant have no
s
t
yetc r t t actonsw hi h oc ur ed pri t Jul 1, 2005,and have notyet
or ec ed he i
c c r
or o y

r t ne t s i ed a m a s The Co tr j c st s ar e sa fndst t
e ur d he e z ni l .
ur ee t he e gum nt nd i ha
Pl nt fshave notm ett tm elnes r
ai if
he i i s equi ent as t t cl m s broughtby
rem s
o he ai
M r Bl ,ie. t e i no a s fci basi t ei her per i r aton bac t an
s. oom . , her s t uf i ent
so t
m t el i
k o

ear i c pl nt nort lt s at es oflm iatons. Ther ore,al c ai si Count
ler om ai
ol he t ut
i t i
ef
1l m n
I ,br
1 oughtby A del Bl , ar di i ed.8
e oom
e sm ss l

B.Not c and s
ie
overei i m uni v i sues
en m
t s

Pl nt f Andr Bl
ai if
ew oom apparenty i ended t nam e M i iD ade Count i
l nt
o
am y n
t or gi com pl ntfl i t s c e;alhough t s yl oft case i uded onl
he i nal
ai ied n hi as
t
he t e he
ncl
y
t M ayor o t Count t Boar ofCount Com m i i
he
f he
y, he
d
y
ss oner , and t t rif'
s
he d
she f

(il t s a e
sc , he t t mento t pa te i l e f i DadeCo y' and the Court
f he r i s ncud d d ami
M
unt '
,
fndst t Count w as on notce ofs e oft f
i
hat he
y
i
om
he ederalc ai s i t s ac i as
l m n hi t on

1The s e ref enc t M r . Bl
7
ol
er e o s oom i t or gi c pl nti t s c e w asa
n he i nal om ai n hi as
s em entt d ndr Bl
tat
hat d
A
ew oom had t bor w f
o ro unds t pay hi at orney and m ake
o
s t
ba land t j tb a ef rhe a hi wiet lve' Ther f r nc t M r . Bl i
i
o us e bl o
nd s f o i .
'
e e e e o s oom n
t or gi c pl nti t r at c e, Case N o.06c
he i nal om ai n he el ed as
v21880,i si iar
s m l

dAndr w!Bl o ha t g i o d btt pa t ee pe es and t j tbea ef r
d
l
o m d o o nt e o y hes x ns
Pl e
o us , bl o
. ..

ai ifBl
ntf oom and hi w ie t lve.' Acc di t t c rentve on oft
s f o i '
or ng o he ur
rsi
he
co)pl nt,Adel Bl
m ai
e oom w as i Ocal att t m e oft ar tofAndrew Bl . (
n
a
he i
he res
oom !
5
8
.

lThi r i al o applest M r . Bl ' c ai s agai Ofi er Re
' s ulng s
i o s oom s l m
nst fc
ynol .
ds

e ry a 20 wihi t a lc bl s a ut o lm ia i f rj 1 cai s I
a l s 06, t n he pp i a e t t e f i t tons o 983 l m . n
addi i Sgt Di rnar and Ofi Peaco w er nam ed i t or gi
ton, . Be
do
fcer
ck
e
n he i nal

c pl ntand t ef e had t m el not c as t s e oft f
om ai
her or
i y ie
o om
he ederalcl m s.g
ai l
As t Pl ntfs' at t tc ai s agai tt Count t Cour fndst
o ai if st e or l m
ns he
y, he
ti
hat

s h c a m sa e s b e tt dim i s f rt s r s nst t s at t r cai
uc l i r u j c o s s al o he ame ea o hat he t e o t l ms
ag ns t St t Co mi so we e s j c t dim i s : ai if' a l et c m pl
ai t he a e m s i n r ub e t o s s al Pl ntfs f iur o o y
wi h t notcepr si ofFl i s lm i ed wai ofs
t he i
ovi ons
or da' i t
ver overei i m uniy,f
gn m
t ound

i Fl St . 7 28() No ieo a ca m aga ns a m unii lt s h asM i n a. at j 68. 6 . tc f l i
i t
cpa iy uc
ami
D ade Count m us be pro ded i w r tng t t appr at agenc w ihi t ee
y
t
vi
n ii o he
opri e
y t n hr
yearsoft ac r ofa c ai agai tt s at
he c ual
l m
ns he t e.

An ac i m ay notbe i t t ed on a cl m agai t st e or one ofi s
ton
ns i ut
ai
nst he at
t
agenc es or s
i
ubdi sons unl t c ai antpres s t c ai i wr t ng t
vi i
ess he l m
ent he l m n i i o
t appropr at agenc ..wi hi 3 year afer suc c ai acc
he
i e
y, . t n
s t
h l m
rues and ..
.

(he ap o i t ag nc de e t c a m i wrtng . .
t l pr pra e e y ni s he l i n ii .
.
Fl St t j76 2 6 .Thec m pl i d esno pl d t tPl ntf c mpled wih
a. a . 8. 84 )
o a nt o
t ea ha ai if o i
t
t no ie pr v sonso Fl rdaslmie wave o s v r i n i uniy,Fl St .
he tc o i i f o i ' i t d i r f o e e g mm t a. at j
768. w i hi t appr i e t m e pe od,and Pl nt fs i plc t ac
28, t n he
opr at i
ri
ai if ' m i i knowl
edgm ent
-

i t rres
n hei
ponse br ef-t not c w as unt m el r
i
hat i e
i y eveal t weaknes of
s he
s

Pl nt fs pos ton. As di cuss abo w i h res tt t c ai s agai t Stat
ai if ' ii
s
ed
ve, t
pec o he l m
nst he
e
Com m i i t f l e t pl c plance wi h t s st ut -and t
ss on, he aiur o ead om i
t hi at e
he
i possbiiy oft m e y c planc att s s age -r
m
i lt
i l om i e
hi t
ender Pl ntf s c ai s f l
ai if ' l m ataly

1The or gi c pl nti s l as t any f t alegatons agai t
9
i nal om ai s ient
o
ac ual l i
ns

Se ge ntDi r r , o yi l she name ( s pe l d asDi be nad )i t
r a
Be na do and nl ncude r
mi s le
o r o n he
s yl oft c e.
t e he as

faw ed. Ther or Count 6- ar di i ed, wih pr j ie, t t Co y and
l
ef e,
s 10 e sm ss
t e ud c as o he unt
as t t Ofi ers i t rofi i capac t .
o he fc
n hei fc al
iy

C.Ti elnessofs at t c ai s aeai tt Ofi ersi vi l
m i
t e ort l m
ns he fc
ndi dualv
The Ofi er have been sued i t ri vi
fc s
n hei ndi dualcapac t ast t s at t s
iy
o he t e ort

.

Thes Def
e endant argue t t s at 1 c ai s al ofw hi h w e fr pl
s
hat he t e aw l m
l
c
re i st ead
-

s c fc ly i M a 200 (n t Se o Am e d Co ai )-a e tm e bar e zo
pe ii a l n y 9 i he c nd
nde mpl nt r i - r d
.

Fe R.Ci P.1 c ( )pr vi sfrr l to bac t t o i i lpl di whe an
d.
v. 5()1 o de o e a i n k o he rg na ea ng
n
am ended pl ng f se s a cl m or de ens t ar e outofconduc , t
eadi d rt
as
ai
f e hat os
t ransac i
t on,

or oc ur ence setout-or at em pt t be s out -i t or gi pl ng ' Rul
c r
t
ed o
et
n he i nal eadi '
e
.

1 c i g o edi t prncpl t tapa t whoi no ii o ltg i n
5() s r und n he i i e ha
ry
s tfed f ii ato
conc ni a s ii occ renc hasbeen gi t lt notce t t st ut o
er ng pec fc ur
e
ven c he i hat he at es f
al
lm i at on ar i ended t af or .' Forz ev v.AVCO Cor . El Di ,826 F. 974,
i t i
e nt
o f d'
l
p ec. v.
2d

981 ( t ci .1 ) ctne 3J. o r , M o r ' Fe r Pr c ie ( e 1 )
llb r 987 , ii
M o e o es de al a tc 2d d. 985 .
The o gi c pl nti t s c e des r bes t ar tofA ndrew Bl
ri nal om ai n hi as
ci
he res
oom on

Jul 31,2002,and t s z e ofani al f om Bl ' pro t , and r erenc t
y
he ei ur
m sr
oom s per y
ef
es he
û
t

m ent st n's f
al rai ' ufered by Bl
oom as a res t oft f s s at ent gi t
ul
he al e t em
s ven o

suppor t sear w ar ant A sBl
t he
ch
r .
oom w asproc ng wi houtcouns att t m e,
eedi
t
el he i

t Courtwillberaly c t ue t alegatonsi t i t alcom pl nt buteven
he
l i
l ons r he l i
n hat nii
ai ,
suc a lber c t uc i c
h i al ons r ton annots
uppor a fndi t al oft st e l c ai s
t i ng hat l he at aw l m

2The Count al o rai t s argum entas an addii
0
y s
sed hi
t onalbas s f di m i
i or s ssalof
t s at 1 c ai s agai tt Count and t Ofi ers i t r ofi alc
he t e aw l m
ns he
y
he fc
n hei fci apac t .
iy

pres l pl ar s fc ent y r at t t or gi c pl nt s t t
ent y ead e ufi i l el ed o he i nal om ai uch hat hey
r at bac and are c i ed t be t m el pl
el e k
ons der o
i y ead.
Pl ntf A ndr Bl
ai if
ew oom aleged i hi or gi com pl nti t s c e t t
l
n s i nal
ai n hi as hat he

rai on Bl ' pr
d
oom s oper y t as not ng m or t
t d
w
hi
e han pl n r r buton by t polc
ai et i i
wo i e

o fc r ( a eOfie Re l and Co y Ofie Pe o kl' Thi g ne a
fie s St t fc r yno ds
unt fc r ac c .
' s e rl
ass t on cannotsupportt pr
er i
he esenty pl c ai s f de am aton,lbel or s ander
l ead l m or f
i i , l

( unt8 , c we eadd t t c m pl i o M a 9 20 2 I Fl r d t
Co
) whih r
ed o he o a nt n y , 09.1 n o i a, he
s a ut o lm ia i nsf rd f a i n c a m si t y r .Fl St t j95 11 4 ()
t t e f i t to o e am to l i s wo ea s a. a . . ( )g .
pl nt fscom pl n t al Def
ai if
ai hat l endant z engaged i t f l i
sz
n he olow ng:
conduc i a f s ar t and pros uton .. purs ng f s c
t ng al e res
ec i .,
ui al e harges ..
.,
f t i f s c vi ani alr o c
ur her ng al e i l m
em val harges .. c m uni i i or at on
., om
cat ng nf m i
r
egardi t w r
ng he ongf ar t pr ecuton,and ani als zur proc ngs
ul res , os
i
m
ei e
eedi ,

publs ng and dis m l i t i or at on f c de l b
i hi
s e natng hat nf m l or onsi raton y
m e be s o t publc,
m r f he
i cont ndi i publs d s at m e st
e ng n
i he t e nt he
pl ntf s we e e
ai lf r ngage i act o ani alabus and ne e ,a
d n sf m
e
gl ct nd
ale ngpublcl t t
l gi
i y hat hepl ntf s we e notfi t car f anl al .
al if r
t o e or m s
Co ai ,! 23 (m phassadd ) Ast pr s ntc
mpl nt
0e
i
ed . he e e ompl ntdo sno r ve lan
ai e t e a y
s ii def at orlbel orsl
pec fc am ory i ous
anderous s at ent by SergeantD i
t em s
Bernardo or
Ofi er Peaco w ihi t r evantper od,ie. t o yearspri t M ay 9,2009,
fc
ck t n he el
i . ,w
or o

d s s ali r quie Thus Count8 i DI I
i mi s s e r d.
,
s SM SSED, t pr j c ,a untm ey,
wih eudie s i l

2The frs am ended c pl nt fl i 2008,r
1
i t
om ai , ied n
epeatst alegat on quot
he l
i
ed

a ve ( st ( e rbuto ) a do sno add a ca m sf rd f m ato lbe , r
bo a o t ti i nM, nd e t
r
ny l i o e a i n, i l o
sl
ander.
zm t
z hough Count 8 i por es al 150 f t alegat ons oft c pl nt
ncor at
l
ac ual l i
he om ai ,
Pl ntfs do no i iy any s ii s at ent m ade by s fcD ef
ai if
t dent f
pec fc t em
s
pecii
endant
s.

as t bot Def
o h
endant D i
s Bernar and Peac k,i t ri vi
do
oc n hei ndi dualc
apaciy.3
t z
The Courtf nds,however,t t Count Ofi ers -bot ofw hom were
i
hat he
y fc
h
i
dentfed i t or gi c pl nt fl by Bl
ii n he i nal om ai , ied
oom w ihoutt ass st
t
he i ance of

c
ouns ,have had s fc ent notce si e atl tJul 2006 as t t ques i of
el
ufi i
i nc
eas
y
o he
t on

whe he Blo ' pr pe t wast ken and whe he hewast s e to an
t r o m s o ry
a
t r
he ubj c f
i entonalefor -t ough il
nt i
f t hr
legalac -t c e hi di t ess. A st applc e
ts o aus m s r
he
i abl

s a u eso lm iato f re h o t s cai s( unt 6, ,9, 1 i f urye s2
t t t f i t ins o ac f he e l m Co s 7 and 0) s o
ar ,4
and t or gi c pl ntw as fl on Jul 27,2006 -pr or t expi i oft
he i nal om ai
ied
y
i o
rat on
he

lm i at ons pe od on Jul 31,2006 -t Cour fndst t c ai s were t m el
i t i
ri
y
he
ti
hat he l m
i y

pr s nt d.I lg o t a ve t Co tr j c sDe e ant ' e ue tf rdim is l
e e e n i ht f he bo , he ur e e t f nd s r q s o s s a ,
asuntm ey,ast t s at l w cai si Co 6 (nt nto li lc i n o
i l
o he t e a l m n unt i e i na nfito f

e to d s r s ) Co 7 (o piac lz Co 9 (r pas t c t e )2 a
mo i nal i t e s, unt c ns r y ,s unt t es s o ha t 1,6 nd
Co 1 (o e so , t De e ant i t i i vi lc pact
unt 0 c nv r i n) as o f nd s n he r ndi dua a iy.
H avi det m i t t e c ai s sufi i l rel e t t e c ai s r s
ng er ned hat hes l m
fc enty at o hos l m ai ed
2 Thi r i al o applest any c ai s ofdef at on agai tOfi er
3 s ulng s
i o
l m
am i
ns fc
Reynol
ds.

2See t s Cour ' OrderofM ar h 2010.
4
hi
ts
c
2To s c on a c ai ofc pi y r
5 uc eed
l m
ons rac equi esPl nt f t es abls d
r
ai if o t i h d
an

ag e me be we n t o m o epe s nst ac e a il alo e tv o o m o e
r e nt t e wo r r r o o hi ve n leg bj c i e, ne r r
o r ac spur ua t t tag e m e ,a r s tngi ur t t pl ntf.
ve t t
s nt o ha r e nt nd e uli nj y o he ai if'
'
Ar brs e v.Ro and I ' Co p. 6 F.
m it r
l
ntl r , 67 Supp. ( . Fl 1 87) Pl i if
802 M D. a. 9 . a ntf
aleged i hi or gi com pl ntt Ofi er Reynol and Ofi r Peac k engaged
l
n s i nal
ai hat fc
ds
fce
oc
i il
n legalact whi h caus Bl
s
c
ed oom m ent and fnanc aldam ages -t sw as a ver
al
i
i
hi
y
m i m aly s fc ent s at entofa c pi
ni l ufi i
t em
ons racy c ai .
l m
2The pr
6
oper y ati ue i t ani al t wer s zed duri t rai on
t
ss s he m s hat
e ei
ng he d
Jul 31,2002.
y

i t or gi c pl nt t Cour wilperm i t rel i bac oft
n he i nal om ai , he
t l
t he at on
k
hese c ai s
l m
and,c equent y,t m oton t di m i s h c ai s as unt m el i deni
ons
l he
i o s ss uc l m
i y s
ed.

D .Federalc ai s azai tM i iD ade Count
l m
ns am v
I Count 3,4,and 5,Pl ntfs seek t i pos labiiy on M i iDade
n
s
ai if
om
e i lt
am -

Co y und r42U . C. 1
unt
e
S. j 983. Pl i if s cfc ly r l o t t o y o
a ntfs pe ii a l e y n he he r f
rs
e ponde su i i Count 4 and 5,alegi t t Count i res
at per or n
s
l ng hat he
y s ponsi e f r
bl o
t act ofi sl enf cem ento fcer i conduc i t arr t and pros
he s t aw
or
fi s n
t ng he es
ecuton of
i
Bl
oom and t s z oft ani al
he ei ure he m s.Pl nt fs ar i orr t asa m uni i iy
ai if e nc ec ,
cpalt

c nno be he d la eunde j 1 83 o t ba i o r s nde s pe i r M o l v.
a t
l i bl
r 9 n he s s f e po at u ro . ne l
De t o So . r . 43 U. 65 6 ( 97 )
p'. f c Se vs, 6 S. 8, 91 1 8 .The e o e d s s alo Co s4 a
r f r , i mi s f unt nd
5 agai tt Count i r
ns he
y s equi
red.
A st Count 3,whi seeks t i pose labiiy on t Count f havi a
o
ch
o m
i lt
he
y or
ng
pat er orc t ofwrongf polc prac i es des gned t depr ve ani alownersof
t n
us om
ul i e
tc
i
o
i
m

t rani al D ef
hei
m s, endantarguest t c ai w asnewl i r
hat he l m
y nt oduced i t Thi d
n he
r
A m ended Com pl ntand,as suc i bar by t s at e oflm i i
ai
h s red
he t ut
i tatons. The Cour
t
agr t t c ai i untm el and t Pl nt fs have notes abls
ees hat he l m s
i y
hat ai if
t i hed a
s fc entbas s f a fndi t t c ai s
ufi i
i or i ng hat he l m houl r at bac t t ori nal
d el e
k o he gi
c pl nt-w hi h aleged onl c
om ai
c l
y onduc di t t ard Bl
t rec ed ow
oom and not a w i pr
des ead
pat ern ofc
t
onduc agai tani alow ners.
t
ns
m
Even i t Cour w er t fnd t s h cl m sw er nott m e- red,t
f he
t
e o i hat uc ai
e
i bar
he

c a m si Co 3 wo d b s j c t d s s alo o he g o
l i n unt
ul e ub e t o i mi s n t r r unds Pl i if i l
. a ntfs ncude
28

alegat ons oflabiiy bas on r pondeatsu r orw hi h, asdi cuss above,m us
l i
i lt
ed
es
pe i
c
s
ed
t
f l Pl nt fs al c ai t i w ast polc , prac i and c t oft Count
ai. ai if so l m hat t
he i y
t ce,
us om
he
y

( ndt St t Co mi so t i q t l a i o ry i tg t c mpl nt
a he a e m s i n) o nade ua ey nd mpr pe l nvesi a e o ai s
ofani alabus and t del eres
m
e,
o egat
pons bii y f det m i ng t exi t e of
i lt or er ni he s enc

ani la et t So h Fl r d S. C. ! 1 0) Pl ntfsa l g s cfc ly i
ma bus o he ut o i a P. A.( 7 . ai if le e pe ii al n
Co 3t tt Co y ( nd t St t )i de t l a i pr pe l s r i e
unt ha he unt a he a e na qua e y nd m o ry upe v s d
and t ned t r r pec i ofi ers d. t eby f lng t adequat y pr
rai
hei es tve fc , ( . her
.
aii o
el event
c
onstt i
i utonalvi at ons on t partoft r l enf em entofi ers.'( 1 )
ol i
he
hei aw
orc
fc ' ! 71 .

I t f ualalegat ons oft Thi d Am ended Com pl nt Pl nt fs
n he act
l i
he
r
ai , ai if
c pl n about:
om ai
t pat er and pr t c oft M i iDade Polc D epart ent and t
he t n
ac i es he am ie
m
he
Fl i Fi & W idlf Cons vat on Com m i si , and t r agent ,ofi s,
or da sh
l ie
er i
s on
hei
s fcer
ofi i s and r es atves i conduc i ani alabus i
fc al ,
epr ent i , n
t ng m
e nves i i ,
t gat ons
i l ng f i i i
nc udi abr cat ng nves i i w ih an end t w ar depr vi peopl of
t gatons t
o d
i ng
e
t r ani al i order t t
hei
m sn
o rans er t ani al t ani alr ght and w elare
f he m s o m
i s
f

o g niato . ( 1 )
r a z i ns 1 50 .

Ac o d ngt t c mpl nt De e
c r i o he o ai , f ndant ï r c le tv l e ag d i aj i a
s ï e o l c i e y ng e n o nt nd
we
organi s hem e t depr ve owne o t rl uly obt ned and m ai ai
zed c
o
i
rs f hei awf l
ai
nt ned
pro rt t ough a pat er ofm i r es at ons, m at i om i i
pe y hr
t n
s epr ent i
er al
ss ons,f
raudul nt
e

pr c ies a a eo l a a ho iy.( 1 )
a tc , nd bus f eg l ut r t T 52 .
Des t t e generalalegatons,Pl ntf shave notref enc any ofi i
pie hes
l i
ai if
er ed
fc al
polc nor ha t
iy,
ve hey s fc enty aleged a wi pread pat e o c
ufi i l l
des
t rn f onduc . The
t
pr tee m us be t per i ast be t f t onalequi ent o a f m alpolc .''
ac i
t t
so vasve
o
he unc i
val
f or
iy
Grec v.Cl on Count 335 F. 1326, 1 0 n6 ( t Ci .
h
avt
v,
3d
33
11h r 2003 . W hie a
)
l
29

m unii lt c n be s unde j 1 f rac si pl me i apo iy,r g a i n,o
cpa iy a
ued
r 983 o t m e ntng lc e ul to r
ofi i dec s on adopt and pr ul ed by t Count Com m i i Pl nt fs
fc al i i
ed
om gat
he
y
ss on, ai if
have not s fc enty aleged s
ufi i l l
uch f t R ihoutpr ofa cus om orpolc t
ac s. W t
oof
t
i y hat
f t red t unc tt i
ur he
he
ons iut onalbehavi ofi vi
or ndi dualofi s,m uni paltes ar not
fcer
ci ii
e

s j c t la lt unde j 1 . M a ho v. b Count 1 F. 658, ub e t o i biiy
r 983' ul n Bi b
'
v, 60 3d
659
60( t Ci .1 98 , ii M o l v. pt o So .Sr .436 U. 6 6 - 2 ( 97 .
11h r 9 ) ctne nel De . f c vs,
S. 58, 91 9 1 8)
Bas d o t a ve Co t3 i d s s e wih pr j ie,a t t Co y.7
e n he bo , un s i mi s d, t e ud c s o he unt 2

E.Cl m s azai tSet.Di
ai
ns
Bernar
do

Pl nt fs s t i pose labiiy on Sgt D i nardo bec
ai if eek o m
i lt
. Ber
ause ofhe ro e i
r l n
t ar es ofBl
he r t
oom and,gener l f her s
aly, or
uper s on ofOfi Peac
vi i
fcer
ock. Acc di
or ng
t t c pl nt,Sgt D i nardo acc pani ot l enf cem entofi er al
o he om ai
. Ber
om
ed her aw
or
fc s ong

wi h Andr Bl
t
ew oom on t day oft ar tas t i pec ed t barn on Bl '
he
he res
hey ns t he
oom s

pr pe t ( 30 .Att tme o t a r s ,Sg . Be na d r po t dl d m ande
o ry. ! )
he i f he r e t t Di r r o e r e y e
d
t Bl
hat oom c
onsentt gi ng t ani al t t polc and t S. C. s t t
o vi he m s o he i e
he P. A. o hat he

r s l i n o t c s woul no i l a f l ny c nvito o Bl o ( 47 -whe
e o uto f he a e
d t ncude e o o c i n f o m ! )
n
Bl
oom r us t c ent,Di nardo alegedl d angr and t
ef ed o ons
Ber
l
yt
got
y
hreat
ened'Bl
' oom
t i he di notsi t papers s woul ( w hat
hat f
d
gn he
he
dd
do
everw as needed t m ake sur
o
e

M r.Bl wasc c ed and i s
oom
onvit
mprioned,and t he woul (oti j l whie
hat
d r n ai' l

2Thi rulng apple: equaly t t St e Com m i s on.
7 s i
i
l o he at
si
30

awaii hi c nv c i n. ( 47 .8Pl i if a s ca m t tSg . Be na d ( nd
tng s o ito ' ! )2 a ntfs lo l i ha t Di r r o a
'
t o he Ofi e s we e t c us o t aleg dl e e svebo i po edby t
he t r fc r ) r he a e f he l e y xc s i
nd m s
he
c ton Bl . Pl nt fs c ai t t bo r ul ed f om t f pose ul
our
oom
ai if l m hat he nd es t r
he d
pur f ,
i ent onal and m ean-pi i ed r r but on by ... D i rnar ..f Bl '
nt i ,
s r t et i i
Be
do . or oom s
suc es f def e agai tr
c s ul ens
ns epeat pri ani alabus alegat ons.'! 55.
ed or m
e l i '
Pl nt fs alege t
ai if l
hat,asPeacoc s s
k' uper s , Di nardo w as aw ar of
vi or Ber
e

Ofi er Peacoc s ( s i ofAndr Bl m ,and r
fc
k' d lke
di
ew oo
eadiy appro Ofi Peac k'
l
ved fcer
oc s

ofc a aci nst r e i And e Bl o ( 97 ,a a o d Pea o k' afi v t
fii l to a g tng r w o m ! ) nd ppr ve
c c s fda i,
û l kno i oft f st es and om i s ons c ai t
d e
whi
w ng he al ii
si
ont ned here n, or di so wi h
i
d
t

r c es d s e l frt t ut '( 98 .Di r r a s a l e l a pr v o t
e kl s i r ga ' o he r h. ! ) Be na do lo leg d y p o ed f he
d
'
i
nves i i l ng t t t ge i ofBl , and w as aw are ofand appro
t gat on eadi o he ar t ng
oom
ved of
t S. C. and Laur e W aggo t t ng as an aut i agent f t M i i
he P. A.
i
ner f i
ac
hor zed
or he am Dade Po i Depar m ent i connec i w ih t i
lce
t
n
t on t he nves i i , ar t and
t gat on res ,
pros ut on o Bl ,and t se z oft ani al . ( 9 )
ee i f oom
he i ure he m s ! 8 .

Pl i if as e tt tDi r r ' c nd ts j c she t la lt und r42
a ntfs s r ha Be na dos o uc ub e t r o i biiy e

U. C.j1
S.
983.Asno e a ve t do t i o r s
t d bo , he c rne f e ponde s pe i rd esno a y t
at u ro o
t ppl o
s t f rdam a sunde 4 U . C. 1 s ast m a s r s r la ef rt
uis o
ge
r 2 S. j 983 o o ke upe vi o s i bl o he
ac s ofsubor nat or em pl
t
di es
oyees and t Cour di i es Pl ntfs'c ai s agai t
he
t sm ss
ai if l m
ns
Sgt Di
. Bernardo i Count 1,4,and 5 t t ext t t seek t i pos
n
s
o he ent hat hey
om
e

zDi nar and o he al o w e alegedl t i rat y i fer t
S Ber do
t rs s
re l
y d be el ndif ent o
del

Andr w Bl o sm e i a ne ds'(r ) Asno e abo e i t dic so o ca m s
e o m' d c l e . ! 57 .
'
t d v , n he s us i n f l i
agai tOfi er Re
ns fc
ynol s h c ai sm ustf las t do nots fci l alege a
ds, uc l m
ai
hey
ufi enty l
de i at i f er e t s i m edi alneeds.
lber e ndif enc o er ous
c
31

vi ari labii y on herf Ofi er Peac k' c
c ous i lt
or fc
oc s onduct

.

A st t cl m s i Count 1, 4,and 5 as t Sgt Di nardo' per
o he ai n
s
o . Ber
s sonalr e i
ol n
t ar estand pros i ofBl , t Courtac ept al oft alegatons as t
he r
ecuton
oom he
c s l he l i
o

Di nardo' conduc as t ue and s ilfnds no bas s f i posi i vi
Ber
s
t r
tl i
i or m
ng ndi dual
labiiy. I i s fcaly aleged by Pl ntf s -and evi
i lt t s pecii l l
ai if
dent f
rom t aleged f cts he l
a
t Sgt Di nardo w as ac i i t sc ofher em pl ent dur ng a1 r e
hat . Ber
t ng n he ope
oym
i
l el vant
tm es;9t , t es abls labiiy Pl ntfs m ustdem ons r e t a r onabl
i
2 hus o t i h i lt ai if
t at hat eas
e
ofi r i Sgt.Di
fce n
Bernar s pos t on att tm e w oul have know n t herc
do'
ii
he i
d
hat
onduc
t

w as uncons i utonal Sgt Di nar sm i m alpar i i i i t pr ur ent
t t i . . Ber do' ni
t c paton n he oc em
oft sear w arr , herpres
he
ch
ant
ence at t ar es ,3 t aleged dem ands she m ade
he r t o he l
on Pl ntf,and herpur t efor s t i l
ai if
por ed f t o nfuence a c tt i pos an t xc s ve'
our o m
e
f es i '
e
bond ar not s fc ent alegat ons t s
e
ufi i
l i
o uppor Pl nt fs c ai st s
t ai if ' l m hat he
i ent onaly vi at Andr Bl ' c t t i
nt i l ol ed
ew oom s ons i utonalr ght .
i s
M or
eover t exi t e o probabl caus att tm e oft ar twoul be
, he s enc f
e
e
he i
he res
d

an a o ut bart t j 1 83 cai f rwr ng ular e taga ns Sg D i nardo.
bs l e
o he 9 l m o o f r s
i t t Ber
.

zpl nt fs s fcaly alege i Count 4 -10 t Di nardo and t ot
g ai if pecii l l
n
s
hat Ber
he her
1 enf em ent o fcer ac ed w ihi t s pe o t r em pl entat al t m es
aw
orc
fi s t
t n he co f hei
oym
li
,

s e ! 1 Co 4) ! 201( unt5 , 21 ( unt6 , ! 223 ( unt7 ,
e
Co
) ! 2 Co
) (
8
) 86( unt , (
Co
) $233 ( unt
Co
, !247 ( unt9 , nd ! 26 ( unt1 .Alho h Co
Co
)a
2 Co
0) t ug unt 1and 2 l k t ss cfc
s
ac hi pe ii
alegaton,i i cl f om t aleged conduc i t
l i t s ear r
he l
t n hose Count and Pl nt fs
s
ai if '
,
i r rat on i eac o t e Count ofa1 150 par
nco po i n
h f hos
s
l
agraphsoff ualalegat ons
act
l i
t Pl ntfs ar com pl ni aboutactonstaken by t l enf em ent
hat ai if e
ai ng
i
he aw
orc
,
def
endant wi hi t s pe oft rem pl ym ent
s t n he co
hei
o
.
SA lhough Pl nt fs alege t Di nardo l ked probabl caus f t e
o t
ai if l
hat Ber
ac
e
e or h

ar es ( 1 ) Co 4 d e no i l Di r r i t cai f rwr ng ular es
r t ! 83 , unt o s t ncude Be na do n he l m o o f r t
(1 )
! 85 .

li sand v.Ciy o M i ,382 F. 1 20,1 ( t Ci . 4) Asno e a ve i
fna l
t f ami
3d 2
226 11h r 200 .
t d bo , n
t di c i oft alegatons agai tOfi Reynol ,e
he s uss on
he l i
ns fcer
ds ven vi ng t f t
ewi he ac s
pr s y as aleged by Pl nt fs,t ar es ofBl
eci el
l
ai if he r t
oom w as bas on atl
ed
eastarguabl
e
pr
obabl caus and t sei ur oft ani al was r onabl N egl gentm i t
e
e
he z e he m s
eas
e.
i
s akes
do notvi at t Four h A m endm ent t alegatonsher do notest i h r kl
ol e he
t
; he l i
e
abls ec ess

wr ng i by Sg . Be na d ( rb Ofie Re no ds , rdot y e t i h t t
o dong
t Di r r o no y fc r y l ) no
he s abls ha
s engaged i i ent onalm i c
he
n nt i
s onduc .M aughon v.Bi Count 1 F. 658,
t
bb
v, 60 3d.

66 ( t ci.1 ) ctne Fr
0 11h r 998 , ii
anksv. l wa e, U . 15 ( 97 . tl i
De a r 438 S. 4 1 8) d t s
ï
i t e t 1 enf em entofi i sw ili som e c esreasonabl but
nevi abl hat aw
orc
fc al l n
as
y

m i akenl c ude t probabl caus i pr
st
y oncl
hat
e
e s esent ..i suc cases t e ofi i s ..
. n h
hos fc al .
s
houl notbe hel pers
d
d
onaly labl 'M aughon,160 F.3d at661,quot na A nders
l i e.
'
i
on

v.Cr i ht n, U. 635, ( 987 .
e e o 483 S.
641 1 )
I sum m ar Pl nt fs have noti ii any t l l es ablshed l 't
n
y, ai if
dentfed
d ear y t i
c
aw' hat
pl
aced Sgt Di nardo on f rnotc t herconductwasprohi t and t
. Ber
ai
i e hat
bied,
he
aleged f soft scas -vi
l
act
hi
e ewed f
avorabl t ar Pl nt fs -do notsuppor a
y ow d ai if
t

fndi t Sgt.Di nar vi at t c ear y es abls
i ng hat
Ber do ol ed he l l t i hed c tt i
ons iut onalr ght o
i s f

And e Blo ; he e o e, unt 1 4,a 5 ar dim i s d, t pr j i e ast
r w o m t r f r Co s , nd
e s s e wih eud c , o
Sgt.Di
Bernar i her i vi
do n
ndi dualcapac t
i y.

Si iarl ast t s at t c ai s broughtagai Sgt D i nar t
m l y, o he t e ort l m
nst . Ber do, he
alegatonsofDi
l i
Bernar s m i m ali vem entsi pl do no am ountt t t
do' ni
nvol
m y
t
o he ype
ofc
onduc f
t ound t be i bad f t or wi h m alc ous pur e as desc i i Fl
o
n
ai h
t
ii
pos
r bed n a.

St . 7 2 9 4 )s h t i v dualla lt c ul bei s d.The e o e t
at j 68.84 )a uc hat ndi i
i biiy o d mpo e
r f r , he

st e c ai sagai t SergeantDi nardo i her i vi
at l m
ns
Ber
n
ndi dualc
apac t are di m i sed,
iy
s s

wih pr j c
t e udie.

F.Cl m s agai t Ofi er Peac
ai
ns fc
ock
The alegat ons i Pl nt fs' om pl nt as t Ofi Peac ar ofa
l i
n ai if c
ai
o fcer
ock e
som ewhat dif ent nat e t
fer
ur han t alegat onsagai t ot Def
he l i
nst he her endant .3l
s

Ac di t Pl nt fs alegat ons Ofi er Peacoc m ade m at alm i t em ent t
cor ng o ai if ' l i , fc
k
eri
ss at
so
a cour i order t obt n a s ch w ar
tn
o ai
ear
rantf Bl ' pr
or oom s oper y.
t

( 97 . Be aus
! ) c e

Andre Bl
w oom was abl t conduc di co y duri t st e' pros ut on agai
e o
t s ver
ng he at s
ec i

nst

hi and hasref renc i hi c pl ntpres l bef e t s Cour s
m
e
ed n s om ai
enty or hi
t ever f s
al act

as ert ned dur ng t di over , s e !! 6 93, he Co ti a et vi w t cai s
c ai
i hat sc y e
0- t
ur s bl o e he l m
i t c pl nti a c extt ofen i notavaiabl t a cour w hen r i on a
n he om ai n ont
hat t s
l e o
t
ulng
m oton t di m i s.
i o s s

Pl nt fs alege t t de ii t
ai if l
hat he pos tons aken dur ng di co y i t c m i
i
s ver n he ri nal
Ca. e :
S

notonl r
y eveal t f aud per r ed on t c t by Ofi Peacoc s
ed he r
pet at
he our
fcer
k'
bl
atantm anuf t e off t , butal o ..unc
ac ur
ac s
s .
overed t s andal y cor upt
he c
ousl
r
ar
rangem entbet een Ofi er Peaco and Lt. Re l and S. C A .Di t
w
fc
ck
yno ds
P.
rec or
W aggonert get ng c ai di avor ranc o ners f r confsc i o t r
ar i ert n sf ed
h w
o
i at on f hei
pr
oper y i or t gi t sei ed ani al t ot s beleved t be m or
t n der o ve he z
m s o her
i
o
e
deser ng o t f m ani al
vi f he ar
m s
.

.

3pl nt f Andr Bl
l ai if
ew oom hascom pl ned ofOfi er Peacoc sconduc i
ai
fc
k'
tn
ever ve i oft com pl ntfl bef t s Cour , i l ng i t i t al
y rs on
he
ai ied ore hi
t nc udi n he nii
c pl nt fl i 2006. The Courthas de er i t t alegat ons agai
om ai ied n
t m ned hat he l i
nst
Ofi Peac k ast s
fcer
oc
o everaloft st e t t are t m el - as not above.
he at or s
i y
ed

( 60 .Alho h Pl i if m a t e g ne a c a m s t l k o s cfcf t
! ) t ug a ntfs ke hes e r l l i , he ac f pe ii ac ual
alegat ons t s
l i
o upportt c ai s-des t havi had t opport t t de
he l m
pie
ng
he
uni y o pose key
wi ness / t es t t s ac i -i r
t
espar i o hi t on s evealng. Even t
i
hough t generalalegat ons
he
l
i

ast Ofi Peac k' c
o fcer
oc s onduc are m or num er t
t
e
ous han t alegatons ast t
he l i
o he
ot D e endant conduc t vol e ofalegatons does no c pela c
her f
s'
t, he um
l i
t om
oncl i
us on

t a cons i utonalvi at on hasbeen aleged. Al hough a di m i salm ot on
hat
tt i
ol i
l
t
s s
i
gr
ounded on qualfed i m uniy r
ii m
t equi est s Cour t ac pt al f t alegatons
r hi
t o ce
l ac ual l
i

i t com pl ntast ue and draw al reas
n he
ai
r
l
onabl i er es i t Pl ntfs' avor,
e nf enc n he ai if f

t Co tm us r j c c ncus r a l g i ns o y a pl i ec a m f rr le c
he ur
t ee t o l o y le ato ; nl
ausbl l i o e i f an
s vi a m ot on t di m i s.
ur ve
i o s s
I Count 1,4,and 5,Pl nt f ass t a m uli ude ofc t t i
n
s
ai if er s
tt
ons i utonal
vi atons agai Ofi er Peacoc A s Pl nt f has aleged -w hi t s Cour
ol i
nst fc
k.
ai if
l
ch hi
t

ac ept as t ue -t Ofi erPeac w as ac i w i hi t sc ofher dut es,ie.
c s
r
hat fc
ock
t ng t n he ope
i .,
t c l
he halenged c
onduc wasw ihi herofi i di cr i
t
t n
fc al s etonar f i
y unctons,t burden i
he
s
on Pl ntf t prove t he sufer a c t t i
ai if o
hat
f ed ons i utonalvi at on and t t
ol i
hat he
c
onstt i
i ut onalr ghti r nged was c eary es ablshed. Pears v.Calahan,555
i
nf i
l l t i
on
l

U. 223 ( 009 .Asno e a veast t c a m sag i tOfi e Re l ,i i
S.
2 )
t d bo
o he l i
a ns fc r yno ds t s
difc tt det m i t s ii cons i ut onalvi atons aleged by Pl nt f
fi ul o er ne he pec fc
tt i
ol i
l
ai if
becaus t c pl nti l
e he om ai nc udesm ul i e c
tpl onstt i
iut onalr ght i a s ngl c
i s n i e ount
;
howeve t Cour has det i
r, he
t
erm ned t al oft c orabl c ai sfow f om t ee
hat l he ol
e l m l r
hr

s ii t
pecfc ypesofconduc by Peac k:t ar t(ncl ng t alegedl unl ul
t
oc he res i udi he l
y awf

e r o opr pe t ) t s i ur o a mal a f iur t r t n t s a ma1,2
nt y nt o r y , he e z e f ni s nd a l e o e ur ho e ni s3
and t pr ec i ofAndr Bl
he os ut on
ew oom and rel ed def at y s em ent
at
am or tat
s.
I Pl ntfs' pl ntsufi enty aleges a c t t i
f ai if com ai
fci l l
ons i utonalvi aton ast any
ol i
o
oft
hese ar ofc
eas onduc ,t Cour t
t he
t hen m us det i w het t l i efec
t erm ne
her he aw n f t
att t m e oft vi aton c ear y es abls
he i
he ol i
l l t i hed t t c
hat he onduc am ount t a
t
ed o

c ns iuto lvil to A c m pl i i s j c t dim is lunde Rul 1 ( )
o tt i na o a i n. o a nt s ub e t o s s a
r e 2:)6
w hen is alegat ons,on t r f e,show t an afi at ve def e barsrec y
t l i
hei ac
hat
frm i
ens
over

o t c a m . Co t nev. nne 3 F. d 1
n he l i
to
Je , 26 3 352,1 ( t Ci . 03 .
357 11b r 20 )

i t ar t and ent v on pr
. he res
r
oper v
t

Pl nt fs alege t t Def
ai if l
hat he
endant per or ed an d easonabl ent y ont
s f m
d
unr
e r
o

and s r h o pl i if' e pr pe t ..( e o as e t d c i na a tviyt t
ea c f a ntfs r al o r y . bas d n) s r e r mi l c i t ha
di no o c ' ( 15 ) Pl i if a art ca m t tOfi e Pea o k' t a e i l
d t c ur' ! 9 . a ntfs ppe o l i ha fc r c c s ï t ra '
.
m
'
m i s at ent and m i r
s t em
s
s epres atonst t c
ent i
o he ourti sui t s c w arr are
s ng he ear h
ant

vi at ons ofBl ' cons i ut onalr ght W hie t r ghtt be f ee f
ol i
oom s
tt i
i s.
l he i
o
r rom a
w arr l s c i w el es ablshed,t f t oft s c e do notpr ent a
antess ear h s l t i
he ac s hi as
es
s t i i whi a r
iuat on n
ch easonabl ofi w oul have know n t herconduc w asi
e fcer
d
hat
t
n

3T0 t ext t
2 he ent hat Pl nt fs c pl n ofa f l ofDef
ai if om ai
aiure
endant generaly,
s,
l
t kee ac urat rec ds oft l i o t ani al af er s z e -t Cour lnds
o p c
e or
he ocat on f he m s t ei ur he
ti
t s
hat uch c ai c
l m annotbe s t ned ast D ef
us ai
o
endantPeac k ast e ar no
oc
her e
s ii alegat ons t s wasres
pec fc l i
hat he
pons bl f t r rdi e or he eco keepi
ng.

vi l i ofBl ' c tt i
o aton
oom s ons i ut onalr ght 3 I
i s.3 ndeed, Pl nt fs ha ofer no
ai if ve f ed
cas aw w hi h c ear y es abls
el
c l l t i hes,unde c rc s
r i um tances s m iart t e rel vant
i l o hos
e
her t Ofi er Peacoc s
e, hat fc
k houl have kno n t her c
d
w hat
onduc w aspr bi .
t
ohi ted

Ac di t t c pl nt,Peac k t d t c tt s had t onfr ed
cor ng o he om ai
oc ol he our hat he
s im
c

La i W ag o rso e vato 'o Jul 30 (neda be o et s ar h wa r ntwas
ure
g ne ' bs r ins' n y o
y f r he e c
ra
e c e l4-de piet f c t tPea o k di no e e Bl o ' pr pe t o t t
xe ut d ' s t he a t ha
c c d t nt r o m s o ry n ha

da e Pea o k a s a l g l d d no o e ve ( g.fo a d s a e o fBl o '
t . c c l o le ed y i t bs r e. , r m i t nc , f o m s
pr pe t unde we g o sc ho s so whe he t r wass fc e tf o o wat r
o ry)
r i ht r ik r e r t r he e
ufii n o d r e ,
or s
hade or s l er o Jul 30. Not y,Pl ntf has notchalenged Ofi er
he t n
y
abl
ai if
l
fc
Peac k' s em ent i t afi ts
oc s tat
n he fdavi uppor i t s ch w ar
t ng he ear
rantt t t i
hat he d bs
r

3To t ext t Pl ntfs m ay be c ai i t t ar es i pro rl
3 he ent hat ai if
l m ng hat he r t m pe y
i plc ed Andre Bl
m i at
w oom ast per r ponsi e f t c e oft ani al
he son es
bl or he ar
he m s

i t a o hi s n Gar Blo ,! 6 t Cour fnd t tt s aleg to c nno
ns e d f s o
y om
2, he
t i s ha he e l a i ns a t
pr de a bas s f i i i t ar es nor t s c w ar
ovi
i or nvaldat ng he r t
he ear h
rant l i cl t
.
t s ear hat
hones m i t
t s akes m ade by ofi ersi t t
fc
n he t
dangerous and difc tpr s'ofse ng
fi ul oces '
rvi

s a c wa r smaybe a c pt b e M aue n v. b Co v,1 0 F. 65 ( 1h
e r h r ant
ce a l.
ho Bi b unt 6 3d 8 1 t
Ci.1 )(wne s p by i c nto ro o - fo l t be s ar he di no
r 998 o r hi
nno e wne f ne hal f and o e c d d t
i i e s ch w arr as t entre pr
nvaldat ear
ant o i
oper y wi hout s i t m i ake by
t t
how ng hat st

1 w e o c ntwasi e i na o r c e s .Bl o cai st tOfie Pea o k
a nf r eme
nt nto l r e kl s ) o m l m ha fc r c c
knew but di notdi c ose t Gar Bl
d
sl
hat
y oom w asres
ponsbl f t c e and f edi
i e or he ar
e ng

o t ani a sa t Go de Str up. ( 69 .Tot e e t Andr w Bl o wa
f he m l t he l n ir
! )
he xt nt hat
e om s
pr entatt t m e o t sei e,and has notaleged t he di avow ed an
es
he i
f he zur
l
hat
s
o ners p i er i or r pons biiy f t ani al att tm e oft ar est t
w
hi nt est n, es
i lt or, he m s
he i
he r , he
Cour cannotfnd a bas s f fndi t Bl om ' cons i ut onalr ght w er
t
i
i or i ng hat o s
tt i
i s
e
vi at as t t s i sue.
ol ed
o hi s
3A s Pl ntf s c pl ntr
4
ai if ' om ai epeat y re erenc t afi tofOfi er
edl f
es he fdavi
fc
Peacoc t Cour br efy r ew ed t Afi tf Searc W ar
k, he
t i l evi
he f davi or
h
rant D kt N o.81.
1.
,
H o ever,t Courts r i on t pendi m ot o t di m i s i notm ade i
w
he
' ulng
he
ng
i ns o s s s
n
r i e on t Afi
elanc
he fdavi ,nor i t
t
s here any need t ref t t A fi t s nc
o er o he f davi i e
Pl ntf s c pl nti l
ai if ' om ai nc udesexplci r er
i t ef ence and quot i t et .
atons her o

and pevi bo s (ft ho s s a ehi y vii e' t t ho s s( el t g c
l c ne o he r e l r ghl sbl 'and hat he r e t e har i
ar
a ha po rbod c m po ii n. ( 84.
nd ve o
y o sto ' ! )
'
I hel afi t Peac k s at t s had been deni acc t t
n ' fdavi ,
oc t ed hat he
ed ess o he
pr
oper y by Andr Bl
t
ew oom on d eve oc i 'but, ac ordi t t c pl nt
t ral cas ons'
s
c ng o he om ai ,
had neverbeen deni acc by Andr Bl
ed ess
ew oom

.

Pl nt fs al o c pl n o
ai if s om ai f

om i i by Peac i her s at entt t s at c
ss ons
ock n
t em
o he t e ourt-e.g. s ii l om i tng
, pecfcaly
ti

t pr orciatons agai tAndr Bl
hat i t i
ns
ew oom f ani alc vi l i had been
or m
ode o at ons

dim i ed orhadbee t s ec ofacquital and al t t Ofiersafi t
s ss
n he ubj t
t s,
so hat he fc ' fdavi

wa bas d o r po t f o o he i i i ua s ( s r po t Pl i if cai we e
s e n e r s x m t r nd v d l who e e r s a ntfs l m r

unr la e . ( 97 .5
e i bl) ! )3
Ac ordi t Pl nt fs Ofi er Peac k c ai ed t f nei
c ng o ai if , fc
oc l m
hat our ghbor ver l
s baly
c pl ned t her aboutt c
om ai
o
he ondi i o t Bl
t on f he oom pro t i t yearpr or t
per y n he
i o

Bl o sar e t ! 73, a t e t ts had ne rs ke t Andr w Bl o
o m' r s , ( but dmit d ha he
ve po n o
e om
aboutt c
he ondi i or c e oft ani al untlhi arr t, ! 77.6Thef c t t
t on
ar
he m s i s es
3
a t ha

Peacoc had no pr ousy addr ed Bl
k
t evi l
ess
oom as t t c
o he ondii ofhi ani al i
t on
s m ss

i m at i t t ques i ofqualfed i m uni y -as no d l l es abls l '
m
er al o he
t on
ii m
t
ï ear y t i hed aw'
c

3A c ordi t Pl ntfs, Pe c k ( Re l )a s f l t ad s t
s c ng o ai if
a oc and yno ds l o aied o vie he

j e is ng t s r h wa r t apro c t to aga ns Gar Bl o , he s n
udg s ui he ea c
r ant hat i r ia in i t y o m t o
ofA ndr Bl ,had been di m i sed. Even i s
ew oom
s s
f uch a f tw er r evant as t t
ac
e el
o he
s c w ar
ear h
rantreques ed f A ndre Bl ' pr
t or
w oom s oper y, t Courtwoul notfnd
t he
d
i
t t om i i ofsuc f t s andi al or i c er w ih t ot aleged
hat he
ss on
h ac , t
ng one
n onc t t he her l
defc enc es i i es t s ch w arr .
i i i , nvaldat he ear
ant

3Odd y, ai ifa s r st Ofie Pe o k ca mst t ( c e e )
6 l Pl ntf s e t hat fc r ac c l i hat he undo um nt d
c mpl i t tr s t d i t s ar h wa r wasm a by Ga y Bl o (oa
o a nt ha e ule n he e c
r ant
de
r om t
Fl i St e Tr
orda at ooper ,butPl ntf alegest Gar Bl neverm adesuc a
)
ai if l
hat y oom
h
c m pl i . ( 7 .
o a nt ! 8)
38

requi a l enf cem ent o fcext s
res aw
ox
fi
o peak w ih a pers i advanc bef e
t
on n
e or
c
hargi t per n wi h vi at ng t l .
ng hat so
t ol i he aw

As ano he exam pl ofi orm at o i l
t r
e nf
i n ncuded i t c pl nt appar l as a
n he om ai
enty
res toft di c r al
ul
he s ove y ready c
onduc
ted,t com pl ntr erenc t Peac k
he
ai ef
es hat
oc
re i on ano he ofi ers o er i t t s s verals al ,t n,hors
led
t r fc ' bs vat ons hat d aw e
he
m l hi
es

c w i t wooden f esi pas ur t appear t have no w at or s t '
he ng he
enc n
t es hat
ed o
er
heler.
'

( 82 .Pl i if c mpl i t tOfie Pea o k d d no pe s na l s eany o t
! ) a ntfs o a n ha fc r c c i t r o ly e
f he
unde w e ght o m al
r i
r
nour s
i hed ani al buti i w el es i hed t an ofi erm ay
m s
t s l tabls
hat
fc
r y on t o er i ofa f l ofi eri obt ni a s c w ar
el
he bs vat ons
elow fc n
ai ng ear h
rant.
t er i off l ofi s ..engaged i a c m on i
t
obs vat ons elow fcer .
n om
nvest gat on are pl nl a
i i
ai y
r i e bas s f a w arr appled f by one oft r num ber. U nied St esv.
elabl
i or
ant
i or
hei
'
'
t
at

Ve r s a 38 U . 1 111( 965 . Pl i ifhasno ct d any c e l w t t
nt e c , 0 S. 02,
1 ) a ntf
t ie
as a ha
r
equi es an ofi er t veriy i
r
fc o
f ndependent y f t re at t her by ot polc
l ac s l ed o
her i e
ofi sbef e i l ng t f t i an afi ti s
fcer
or nc udi he ac s n
fdavi n uppor ofa w arr .
t
ant
Pl nt fs al o alege t Peacoc i pr
ai if s l
hat
k m oper y r i on t obs
l eled
he ervat ons of
i
W aggoner o t S. C. . who re
f he P. A ,
port y o er
edl bs ved t ani al on Bl ' prope y
he m s
oom s
rt

f r 1 2 mi e whe W agg ne pule o e o t s d o t r ad ad ac ntt t
o - nut s n
o r l d v r n he i e f he o
j e o he
pr
oper y. Ac di t t c pl nt-and apparenty ref enci t r ul s o
t
cor ng o he om ai
l
er ng he es t f
di o y w hi h t pl e i t s at cas -W aggoner t d Ofi er Peac k t
sc ver
c ook ac n he t e e
ol fc
oc hat
t ver year i i t nor h paddo w er i poorcondii w er under e ght
t
se al
lngs n he
t
ck
en
ton, e
w i ,

and t i rb and pevi bo swe evii e ( t ls o e v a c we f nc
he r i
l c ne r sbl and hat he bs r ed he d e e
and no grass i t paddoc t c
n he
k hat ontai t
ned hree year i and one donkey, and
lngs
'
'

sw t
a t r i htc wswih s le be le . ( 90 .
unde we g o
t wol n li s' ! )
'
39

Pur
suantt t st
o he andards desc i i Franks v.Del qr 438 U . 154,
rbed n
aw e,
S.

1 - ( 978 ,t Co tm us de e mi whe he t war a wo d beva i e n
71 72 1 ) he ur
t t r ne
t r he r nt ul
ld ve
wi houtt aleged m i re es atons orom i i 3 Af er a c ef revi oft
t
he l
s pr ent i
ss ons.; t
ar ul
ew
he
m at e t Cour fnds t none oft aleged m i st em ent orom i si by
t r, he
ti
hat
he l
s at
s
s ony
Peac k appear t have been so c tcalt t war
oc
o
rii o he
rant t t r del i woul
hat hei
eton
d
have r
ender t w ar
ed he
ranti i Fo exam pl Pl nt fs do notchalenge Ofi r
nvald. r
e, ai if
l
fce
Peac k' s at enti t af i tsuppor i t searc war
oc s t em
n he fdavi
t ng he
h
rant t t ï i
hat he t bs
r

and pe v cb ne (ft ho s s ar hi hl vii e' nd t t ho s st r l t r i
l i o s o he r e l e g y sbl'a hat he r e t e e ha g c
a
a ha po rbod c mpo iin. ( 84. The e s at m e spr vi e i pe nt
nd ve o
y o sto ' ! )
'
s t e nt o d nde nde
s
uppor f t i uanc ofa w ar
t or he ss
e
rant when c bi w ih t o er i of
;
om ned t he bs vat ons
anot ofi er t t e were t ever sm al,t n,ho eschewi t w ooden
her fc hat her
d
s
al
l hi
rs
ng he

f nc si pa t e t ta ea ed t hav nowa e o s le , ( 82 ,t Cour
e e n s ur s ha pp r o e
t r r he t r' ! ) he
'
t
fnds no bas s f i
i
i or nval datng t war
i i he
rant.

I
ndeed,Pl ntfs'o n alegat ons ac
ai if w
l i
knowl
edge t one deer dooked t n'
hat
t
l
hi '

and ano he was( ltl t n'( 1 ) and t Bl o f iy ve e i i n de c i ed
t r
d ite hi ' T 03 ,
a
he o m am l t r nara s rb
s o t ani a sasf e we ght' ! 11 )-alho hec unt e t no o
ome f he m l d r i '( 0 t ugh o er d hat ne f
und

3The El vent Ci cui Cour ofAppeal hasappled t Franksf ewor i
7
e
h r t
t
s
i he
ram
k n
a qualfed i m uniy c ext. I t unr
ii m
t ont
n he
epor ed dec s on o H ai v.a as,219
t
i i f re rhom
l

Fe Appx.8 ( t Ci .
d.
44 11h r 2006 ,t a lat c ur a i d Fr nksand de e mi
) he ppe l e o t pple a
t r ned
t t e w as no cons i utonalvi at on,ast w ar
hat her
tt i
ol i
he
ranti l
nc uded a s fc entbas s
ufi i
i
f a pr
or
obabl caus fndi even i the c l
e
e i ng
f
halenged por i w er elm i ed. I at
t ons
e i nat
d.
846.

t polc obse
he i e
rvat ons i cat under f ng,8as ques i ofunder-eedi or
i
ndi ed
-eedi 3
t ons
f ng

unde - r to c o y bec nfr wih bl o t s s ! 11 Alho Pl ntfs
rhyd a i n an nl
o imed t o d e t , 1. t ugh ai if
r peat y c ai t Ofi erPeac S d notobs
e
edl l m hat fc
ock d
di
erve'w het t e w assufi i
'
her her
fc ent
f orw at ,or s
ood
er
hade or s t f t ani al ort i w as nott t s
hel er or he m s hat t
rue hat he
obs ved under ei or s ck hors 3 Pl ntf sdo notalege t any oft
er
w ght i
es,9 ai if
l
hat
hese

c
ondi i di notexi att tm e,rat si pl t Peacoc di notper onaly
tons d
st he i
her m y hat
k d
s
l
obs ve suc c
er
h ondi i
t ons.

Ac e i a 1o Pl i if' ac ua a l ato (ot e t ntt t y a e
c ptng 1 f a ntfs f t l leg i ns t he x e hat he r
pl i e o no c ncus r o, he Co tfndst tPl i if' o pl i f ist
ausbl , r t o l o y4) t
ur i ha a ntfs c m a nt a l o
rai e a sufi i alegaton ofc t t i
s
fc ent l i
ons i utonalvi l i r atng t t w ar
o at ons el i o he
rant4
.l
And,ast f t alegat ons -vi w ed i f
he ac ual l i
e
n avoroft Pl nt fs -es ablsh t
he ai if
t i hat

arguabl pr
e obabl caus exi t f t ar es ofAndr Bl
e
e s ed or he r t
ew oom by Of- er Peac
lc
i
ock
on t dat she i ent ted t qualfed i m uniy as t t
hat e,
s il o
ii m
t
o hese c ai s l s m ar
l m . n um
y,

3The f tt Ofi er Reynol o er t a vehi l on t pr
B
ac hat fc
ds bs ved hat
ce
he oper y was
t

l de wih s fce f o f rs ve alo t ani a s(heho s s g t , g and
oa d t ufii nt o d o e r f he m l t
r e , oa s pi s
d e ) j 1 ,d e no s r ac ncuso t tt a r s waswiho ar ua e
e r , r 01 o s t uppo t o l i n ha he r e t
t ut g bl
pr
obabl cause.
e
3pl nt fs c pl n t Ofi er Peac k di notent t pro y at 1:
g ai if om ai hat fc
oc d
er he pert
00
p. .on Jul 30,2002,when s pur t y confr ed t obser i m ade by
m
y
he
por edl
im
he
vat ons
Laur e W aggoner,and t Ofi er Peac k di notm ake any per onalobs vat ons
i
hat fc
oc d
s
er i

t da ( 97 .
hat y. ! )
Oconc us y alegat ons ar notent ted t an as
l or l
i
e
il o
sum pt on oft ut Randal
i
r h.
l

v.Sc t , 0 F. 701 70 1 ( t Ci . 0)
o t 61 3d , 9- 0 11h r 201 .
4A di m i alm ot on gr
1 s ss
i
ounded on qualfed i m uniy requi t s Cour t
ii m
t
res hi
to
ac pt al f t alegat onsi t c pl nt as t ue and draw al r onabl
ce
l ac ual l i
n he om ai
r
l eas
e

i e e e i t Pl i if 'av r Daly pl v. no,3 F. d 991 9 - 5 ( t
nf r nc s n he a ntfs f o . r m e Re
34 3
, 94 9 11h
Ci . 3 .The Co ta i st spr c e i lg o t Supr me Co ts
r 200 )
ur pple hi e ed nt n i ht f he
e
ur '
de ii n i As r f v. n l 1 9 S.Ct 1 ( 9 .
cso n hc o t l ba , 2
. 937 200 )

t Cour conc udes t t e alegat ons -alhough m or vol i
he
t
l
hat hes l i
t
e um noust
han t e
hos
agai tot Def
ns her endant -ar notsufi entt es abls c tt i
s e
fci
o t i h ons i ut onalvi l i .
o atons

l e Pl i if ha no i ntfe ( rhast sCo tl c t )a c el w o .
nde d, a ntfs ve t de ii d no
hi ur o a ed ny as a l
o he sour esofaut riy t suppor t c ai t t l w w as c earl es abls
t r
c
ho t o
t he l m hat he a
l y t i hed
t Ofi er Peac k' ac i i t s s ofc rc s
hat fc
oc s t ons n hi et i um tancesw er prohi t Si pl
e
bied. m y

s at t
t ed, here i no prec
s
edentc
ondem ni t ac co pl ned of and t s Co t
ng he ts m ai
,
hi ur
c
annotc t t a t
ons xuc heor o labiiy f' f t notaleged by Pl ntf s.
y f i lt l
om ac s
l
ai if

i . hq s zur oft ani al
i t ei e
he m s

I addii t t alegatons ofw rongf arr t,Pl ntf s al o c pl n
n
ton o he l i
ul es
ai if s om ai
a
boutt se z ofani al and t m alc ouspr ec i ofAndr Bl m . The
he i ure
m s
he
ii
os ut on
ew oo
s i ure oft ani al w as s
ez
he m s
uppor ed -as des ri i Pl ntf s c pl nt -by t
t
c bed n ai if ' om ai
he
obs vat onsoft ofi er on Bl ' pr
er i
he fc s
oom s oper y on t
t
hat dat and the Cour fnds
e,
ti

t arguabl pr
hat
e obabl caus exi t f t se z
e
e s ed or he i ure. Pl ntfs have f l t
ai if
aied o
i nt f no has t s Cour ' o n r
de iy, r
hi
ts w esearc unco ed,any d l y es abls
h
ver
f earl t i hed l '
c
aw'

t s h a se z w as pr bied. As s h,D e endant Peac k i pro ec ed by
hat uc
i ure
ohi t
uc
f
oc s t t
qualfed i m uni y f om def ng agai tt s s ti vi
ii m
t r
endi
ns hi ui ndi dualy ast t c ai s i
l
o he l m n
Count 1,4,and 5 f t sei
s
or he zure oft ani al
he m s.

ii t pros
i . he
ecuton and aleeedl def at v s em ent
i
l
v
am or tat
s
Ast c pl nt m akes i cl t t St e At orney c r l t
he om ai
t ear hat he at
t
ont oled he

pr e uto s e ! 6 Pl i if ha f l d t a l et Pe o k wa t de al
os c i n, e
4, a ntfs ve aie o leg hat ac c s he t g
l
caus 'oft pros ut on and,as suc t c ai m ustf l l o RentA e' he
ec i
h, he l m
ai .A am
- car.I
nc.

v. a us , 2 So 2 1 ,1 5 ( a.1 4)4 The cai sO de a ato a lbe
M nc i 63 . d 352 35 Fl 99 .
2
l m f f m i n nd i l
a e s j c t dimi s lastm e- r e s e d s us i n,a ve.3
r ub e t o s s a
i ba r d; e i c so bo 4

I s m ar Pl ntfs have notsufi i l aleged a se o f t t woul
n um
y, ai if
fc ent y l
t f ac s hat
d
alow any oft e f
l
hes ederalcl m s agai tO fi Peac t sur ve qualfed
ai
ns fcer
ock o vi
ii

i m uniy. To t ext t Pl nt fs at em ptt i pos labii y on Peacoc
m
t
he ent hat ai if t
om
e i lt
k
i vi
ndi dualy f any f ralc ai s fl by Adel Bl ,or any f ralc ai s
l or
ede
l m ied
e oom
ede
l m

rel i t m alc ous pr ut on or f def at y s at ent orf f l e t
at ng o
ii
osec i
or am or t em
s or aiur o
r ur t ani al suc c ai sar di i ed as untm el orf f l e t s at a
et n he m s, h l m
e sm ss
i y
or aiur o t e
C al .
l'
m

Pl nt fs have broughts
ai if
ever s ate t t c ai s agai Ofi er Peac k i
al t
or l m
nst fc
oc n
he i vi
r ndi dualcapac t .c pi y,i ent onali lcton ofem ot onaldi t ess,
iy' ons rac nt i
nfi i
i
sr
t passt c t ,and c
res
o hat el
onvers on. The Cour fnds t Pl nt f Andre Bl
i
ti
hat ai if
w oom
hasf l t m ee t pl ng r
aied o
t he eadi equi em ent f an i ent onali lc i of
r
s or
nt i
nfi t on
em o i
t onaldi t ess c ai . Fl i 1 i pos a hi burden on t
sr
l m
or da aw m
es
gh
hose alegi a
l ng
c ai f r i ent onali lc i ofem otonaldi t ess.The aleged conduc m ustbe
l m o nt i
nfi t on
i
sr
l
t

Opl nt fs own alegat ons dem ons rat t Ofi Peac w asnoti
ai if '
l i
t e hat fcer
ock
n
c r oft pros
ont ol he
ecuton,i
i ndeed,Ofi er Peac k appar l di not have t
fc
oc
ent y d
he
po ert pers
w
o
uade t pros ut t purs t c e. d n c
he
ec or o
ue he as ï onnec i w i h t St e
l
t on t he at
A t or s dec s on t dr a1 c
t ney'
i i o op l harges,bot Ofi erPeacoc and W aggoner
h fc
k
pr es ed t nolepr se c i ng t cont M r.Bl
ot t he l os , ont nui o
end
oom had abused and

ne l c e t ani a s' ( 64 .
g e t d he m l . ! )
'
41 addii t onl s ii alegat ons ast alegedl def at y
3n
ton, he y pec fc l i
o l
y am or
s at ent by Ofi er Peac k are t e s at ent m ade i t c ext of
t em
s
fc
oc
hos t em
s
n he ont
o ai ng a s c w ar
bt ni
ear h
rant,whih ar prot ted assuc st em ent w er m ade i
c
e
ec
h at
s
e
n
c
onnec i wi h Peac s ofi i dutes.
ton t
ock' fc al i
43

d
û
beyond a1 pos bl boundsofdecenc and t be r
l si e
y,
o
egarded as at oc ous,and ut ery
r i
t l
i ol
nt erabl i a cvii ed c m uniy. M et opolt Lie I Co. M ccar
e n i lz om
t '
'
r i an f ns. v.
son,467

So. 277 27 ( a.1 ) Ac e i a 1a l ga i nsast ue Pl i if ha no
2d , 9 Fl 985 . c ptng l le to
r , a ntfs ve t
dem ons r ed t Peac k' c
t at hat
oc s onduc was s out ageous as t be deem ed d r ous'
t
o r
o
t oci ''
at
)

Co 6 i dim is wih pr j i e a t Ofie Pe o k i he i i d l
unt s s s ed, t eud c , s o fc r ac c n r nd vi ua
capac t
iy.

Si iar y,Pl nt fshave no s fci l aleged ei her c pi ac ort
m l l
ai if
t ufi enty l
t
ons r y
he
pr
oper y- el ed s at t s were t res tofs h bad f t or m alc ous s t
t r at t e ort
he ul
uc
aih
i i nes o

r nd rPe c c i i dua l la e a c r ngt Fl St . 7 284 )* .Alho h
e e a o k nd vi ly i bl , c o di o a. at j 68. 9 4
t ug
t aleged f t ast Ofi er Peac ar m or di ur ng t t Courtt
he l
ac s
o fc
ock e
e st bi o he
han t
he
c
onduc at r but t Sgt D i
t t i ed o . Bernardo or Ofi er Reynol t Cour does notfnd
fc
ds, he
t
i
t Pl ntfs have aleged pl bl t Ofi er Peac k e bi ed t
hat ai if
l
ausi y hat fc
oc xhi t d
want and
on
w iluldi egar ofhum an ri s,saf y,orpr
lf
sr
d
ght
et
oper y.
t '
'

CON CLU SI N
O
The aleged f soft scas r
l
act
hi
e evealt ani al on Andrew Bl '
hat m s
oom s

pro t were se z by l enf em entas a res t o t ar tofBl
per yo
i ed
aw
orc
ul f he res
oom f
or
ani alc uel y and r at c
m
r t
el ed harges,and t -des t Bl ' suc es f def e
hat
pi e oom s c s ul ens
agai tt
ns hose c
harges -t ani al have notyetbeen r ur
he m s
et ned. Bef t s Court
ore hi
,

4The Cour need not del i o t i ue ofwhet Andrew Bl
4
t
ve nt he ss
her
oom w as t
he
owner oft ani al Bl
he m s. oom des r bed hi re i
ci
s l ance on hi s G ar st l genc 'i
s on
y' d i
di
e' n

hi r s nsbiii sf rm a i t Go d n Str up r nc ! 1
s e po i lte o nag ng he l e ir a h, 43.

on atl t f dif entoc as ons,sBl
eas our fer
c i 4 oom has br
ought a m ul i ude off raland
tt
ede
s at c ai s agai tofi er and entt esi ved i t arr t and s zure,buthas
t e l m
ns fc s
i i nvol
n he es
ei
f l t br ng a c ai as t whi h t s Cour can gr r i .
aied o i
l m
o
c hi
t
ant elef
W hie t Courthas des ri
l he
c bed,above,cer ai bases f t di m i salo
t n
or he s s
f
Pl nt fs c ai s,s
ai if ' l m
everaloft Def
he
endant 'o he argum ent al ar m erior ous s t r
s so e
t i

e g,d s s alf rvi l tng pl ad ngr ui e nt o Fe R.Ci P.1 , s is l
. . i mi s o o a i
e i eq r me s f d.
v. 0*) dim s a
ofCount 6- on t bas s ofs
s 10
he i
over gn i m uniy as t t Count s nc t
ei m
t
o he
y i e he
c
onduc oft ofi ersi aleged t havebeen so ext e ast i ul e t
t he fc
s l
o
rem
o ns at he

munii lt f o la lt pur uantt Fl St t j 7 28( ( e c
cpa iy r m i biiy s
o a. a . 68. 9)0, t .
l sum m ar t M ot on t Di m i s fl by t St e Def
n
y, he
i o s s ied
he at
endant i
ss

GRANTED, t pr j c ,ast a 1c a m sag i tt Flr da Fih & W id ie
wih e udie
o l li
a ns he o i
s
l lf
Cons vat on Com m i i and agai Ofi er Reynol i hi ofi alcapac t and
er i
ss on
nst fc
ds n s fci
iy
i vi
ndi dualc
apac t A sst ed above,Pl ntfs' l m s al f lei her due t
i y.
at
ai if c ai
l ai t
o

s ve e g i
o r i n mmuniy ( nd Pl i if ' a l e t c mpl wih Fl St . 7 28 ,o a
t a
a ntfs f iur o o y t a. at j 68. ) r
f iur t pr pe l pl ad ale ato unde 4 U. C. 1
a l e o o ry e
l g i ns
r 2 S. j 983, ra f iur t
o al e o
s fc e l pl ad a ca m f ri v dua la lt pur ua t Fl St t j
ufii nty e
l i o ndi i l i biiy s nt o a. a .
7 2 9( .
68.8( )*
Al c ai sbr
1l m
oughtby Adel Bl ,ie. t e c ai s i Count2,ar
e oom . , hos l m n
e

DI I
SM SSED, t pr j c ,asuntme y.
wih e udie
i l
The M ot on t Di i fl by t Count Def
i o sm ss ied
he
y
endant i GRA N TED ,as t
ss
o

M i m iDad Co y, t pr j c a t a1 cai s
a - e unt wih e udie s o 1 l m .Ass a e ab ve Pl i if '
t t d o , a ntfs
4Alhough Andr Bl
s t
ew oom w asi t aly pr edi
ni i l oce ngpr s t m os r entt o
o e, he
t ec
w
ver i ofhi com pl ntwere fl by exper enc c
s ons
s
ai
ied
i ed ouns .
el
45

ca m sa 1f i e t rduet s ve e gn i m uniy ( Pl i if' aiur t c mpl
l i 1 a l ihe
o o ri m
t and a ntfs f l e o o y

wih Fl St t j 7 2 , ra f l e t pr pe l pl ad ale ato und r42 U. C.
t a. a . 68.8) o aiur o o ry e
l g ins e
S. j
1983,or be
caus t c ai s ar unt m el
e he l m
e
i y.

The M oton t Di i fl by Count Ofi er D i nar and Peac k i
i o sm ss ied
y fc s Ber do
oc s

GRANTED, t pr j i e a t a1 ca m sag ns Sgt Di r r o i hero fcal
wih e ud c , s o 1 l i
ai t . Be na d n
fii
a i i dua c pact and GRANTED, t pr j c ,ast a lcai sag i t
nd nd vi l a iy,
wih e udie
o l lm
a ns
Ofi erPeac k i herofi i and i vi
fc
oc n
fc al
ndi dualcapac t A1 t di m i
i y. 1 he s ssed c ai s ar
l m
e

e t untm el orbar ed by s
i her i y,
r
over gn i m uniy,or i pr
ei m
t
m oper y pl s
l ead uper s y
vi or

la lt unde 4 U. C. 1 ,o a e dim is f rf iur t s at a bassfr
i biiy
r 2 S. j 983 r r s s ed o a l e o t e
i o

rlf
ei.
e

/4
z

D ON E AN D ORD ERED i Cham ber i M i it s
n
s n am hi

-

day ofsept ber
em

2011.

WI
LL
M .H OEVELER
SENI R U NI
O
TED STATES D I
STRICT COU RT JU DGE

c est
opi o:

Benedi tP.Kuehne
c
Denni A .Ker
s
bel

46