Jude Gillespie et al v. Kaplan University et al

Filing 396

ORDER granting 363 Motion for Summary Judgment; denying as moot 365 Motion for Partial Summary Judgment; denying as moot 368 Motion to Exclude the Expert Opinion of Stephanie Monroe ; denying as moot 369 Motion to Exclude an Opinion of Robert S. Cooper; denying as moot 390 Motion to Continue Trial Date and Other Related Deadlines; Closing Case. Signed by Judge Patricia A. Seitz on 7/16/2013. (ls)

U NI
TED ST ATE S D I
STR I CO UR T
CT
SO UTH ERN DI
STRI OF FLORI
CT
DA
CASE NO.09 20756. V- TZ/ M ONTON
Cl SEI S1
UN I
TED STA TES OF A M ERJCA ,
c r .J
x el UDE GI
LLESPI
E,

Pli if
a ntf,
KAPLAN UNI
VERSI e al,
TY, t .

Def nda s
e nt .
/
ORDER GM NTI DEFENDANTS'M OTI N FOR SUM M ARY JUDG M ENT
NG
O
M O T I N A ND D EN YI G R ELA TO R ' M O TI N FO R SUM M A RY JU D G M EN T
O
N
S
O
THI M ATTER i bef et Cour on De e
S
s or he
t
f ndan sKa a I ,Ka a Uni r iy,a
t pln, nc. pln ve st nd

Ka a Hi rEd ton' M oi f SummayJ
pln ghe ucai s ton or
r udgme ( 363 a Relt J
nt DE- 1 nd aor ude

Gils i' M o inf rP rilS mmayJ g n ( 3 5 .Th sq tm a to alg st a
l pe s to o a t u r ud me t DE- 6 j i uia cin l e h t
e
a
e
De e nt vi aedt f r lFa s Cl msAc by f lel c rii t tt y we ei
f nda s ol t he ede a l e ai
t a s y e tfng ha he
r n
c
omplanc wiht Re biiai Ac i or rt beelgbl t r c ve f r sude ad
i e t he ha lt ton t n de o
i i e o e ei ede al t nt i

f n s De e d n s(on l r fre t h ri a ç pa ' mo efrs mmayj g n ag ig
u d . fn a t ity e erd o e en s s ln' v o u r ud me t r un
Ka )
t tRe aorc
ha l t annotesa ih t e oft f e e nt ofac am unde t Fas Cli Ac .
t bls hr e he our l me s
li
r he le a ms t

Reao ( le pe mo e f rp rils mmayj dg n fndn ta Ka lnwa i v oaino
ltr Gi s i) v s o a t u r u me t i ig h t p a s n i lto f
l
a
Se ton 504 oft Re biia i Acta isi e e i r a i
ci
he ha lt ton
nd t mplm ntng egultons.Be us Gils e
ca e le pi
c nnote t bls a 1oft e e e sofhi c a m ,K a a sm oton i g ant a G il pi s
a
s a i h l he l m nt
s li
pl n'
i s r ed nd les e'
m o i n i de ed a m oot
t o s ni s
.

1 U ndi put d M at i Fac s
.
s e
er al t

ThePr am Pari i Agrement
ogr
tcèaton e
s

De e d n sKa lnUniest ( a dKa ln Hihe Ed c to Co p (
fn a t pa
v ri KU) n pa g r u ain r . KHEC)ae
y
r
a c edied b t Hi rLea ni Comm ison a a er ci en soff de alsude tfna i la d
c r t y he ghe
r ng
s i nd r e pi t
e r t n i nc a i

fndsfom t U. De rmentofEd ton(
u r he S. pat
ucai DOE)pu s tt Til I oft Hihe
, ruan o te V he g r
Educ tonAc (
ai
t HEA) KU opeaesnumeousonlnee ato e e ie t oughoutt
.
rt
r
i duc inal ntmrs s hr
he
Unie Stt s KU i awholy owned s i ay ofKHEC.KHEC i a di son ofDe e nt
td ae .
s
l
ubsdil
s vii
f nda

Ka ln I . Ka ln Ic) n od r oo ti fdea su e fn n il i tr ug Til I o
p a ,nc ( pa ,n ..I r e t ban e rl td nt a ca ad h o h te V f
t HEA,a e tona i tt i mus c riyt t Unie St esgover nt( r nt
he
n ducai l nsiuton t e tf o he td at
nme Govenme )
t ti wilc pl wih sa ut y a r gul t y pr r quiiesesabls d byt HEA a t
ha t l om y t tt or nd e aor e e st t ihe
he
nd he

DOE.Ce tfcai i donet o ht e c i ofaPr n Pa tci tonAgre nt( .
rii ton s
hrug he xe uton
ogrm ri pai
e me PPA)
I M a 2004,KU,he c l Ka a Cole e eedi o aPPA wiht DOE.(
n y
t n aled pln lge, ntr nt
t he
DE367 3 ) GayKebe,asPr i nta CEO ofKHEC,sgne t M a 2004PPA onbe l of
- 9. r r r
esde nd
i d he y
haf
Ka anColege (d4 KU entr i oanot rPPA wiht DOE i Nove
pl
l .1
eed nt
he
t he
n
mber2007. (
1 DE-

3 7 4 ) J fryCo o , sP ei e te e u e t No e e 2 7PPA o b hafo KU.f .
6 - 0. efe nln a r sd n , x c td he v mb r 00
n e l f (#)
Bot t 2004 a 2007 PPASco aned l gu t sa e t KU a e t c
h he
nd
nt i an age hat tt d hat
gr ed o ompl wih
y t
Se ton 504 oft Re ltton Ac of 1 3 a t i e ntng r ultons 34 C. R.Pa t
ci
he habiia i
t 97 nd he mpl me i eg a i ,
F.
r

1 4.(7 3 7 3 a 2 DE- 674 a 2)
0 1E- 6 - 9 t ; 3 -0 t .

1 pr o o de ,t Cour hel t tG il s e' c a m onl c r up untlO CR f und
By i r r r he
t d ha le pi s l i
y ove s
i
o
D e e nt i c pla e w ih t R e biiato Ac . Se 1 E- a 1 Thus once O CR
f nda s n om i nc t he ha lt i n t e 7 262 t 4.
,
is d isfndi t tKU ha f fled isoblgai unde t Re ol i Agr e e , hetme
s ue t i ng ha
d ulil t i tons
r he s uton
e m nt t i
f a e f Gil s e' c a m send. Cons
r m or le pi s l i
eque l a hi t tocc r d afe M a 24, 07 i
nty, nyt ng ha
ur e t r y
20 s
ir e ntt t c a m scur e l bef e t Co t
r el va o he l i
r nty or he ur .
2

Gil pi ' OCR Compl ntand t I e tgato
les e s
ai
he nv s i i n
Rea orJ Gil pi wase o d by KU fom Aprl2004 untlAprll , 2005. On
lt ude les e
mpl ye
r
i
i
i 5

Aprl1 2005,Gils efld ac antwiht DOE' Ofi ofCi lRi s(
i 4,
lepi ie ompli t he
s fce
vi ght OCR)algi
le ng
t tKU e ge i dic i i ton andr a iton on t ba i ofGils e' dia lt a t t
ha
nga d n s rm na i
etla i
he s s
le pi s s biiy nd ha

Ka andi notha a lnsiuto lgreva epr e sa r r b 3 CFR 10 .7. ( 367pl d
ve n i tt i na i nc oc s s equied y 4
i
4 ' DE5

On J 16,2005,OCR s ntKU alte notf i i ofGil pi sc
une
e
et r iy ng t
les e' ompli ta
a n nd

r que tng t tKU s y OCR wih c ran d
e si ha
uppl
t e ti ocume saspa tofisi tga i oft
nt
r t nvesi ton he

co ant ( 367- ) OnJ y l 2005,vi lte , r s nde t t r s f doc nt
mpli . DE- 9.
ul 2,
a etr KU epo d o he eque t or ume s

a t s ii que to fom OCR.( 3 1 ) On Se embe 26,2005,OCR s KU a
nd o pecfc sins r
DE- 67-0.
pt r
ent
me or ndum outi ng isco e sr ga di KU' polcisa pr e es ( 367- 1) The
m a
lni t nc m e r ng
s i e nd oc dur . DE- 1 .
m e o s touts ve s ctctndngs
m e
e n pe ii s i :
@
@

TheUni r iy doe no ha apubls dpr e e de alng how adia e
ve st
s t ve
ihe oc dur t ii
s bld
e o e c n r que ta comm oda i ba ed on hi/ dia lt .
mpl ye a e s c
tons s
sher s biiy
Thenon- r s me polcy o y a e s st t
ha a s nt i nl ddr s e he ypesofhar s m e t whih a
a s nt o c n

e ly emih b s b e td Asal ici n to d e n tn c saiyrs t
mpo e g t e u j ce . ld s rmiain o s o e e srl ie o
@

@
@

t lve ofha a s e t t Uni r iy nee t pr de polcesand pr e e
he e l
r s m n , he ve st
ds o ovi
ii
oc dur s
t ta es dic i i ton s pa ael fom ha as me .
ha ddr s s rm na i e r t y r
r s nt
Thedic i na i ha as m e c pl ntpr dur s d bea e
s rmi ton/ r s nt om ai oce e houl
m ndedt
o
pr vi t de a ld pr es by whi h e pl esc d s e i or a f
o de he t ie oc s
c m oye oul e k nf mal nd onna
l
r s utonst t rc em s
e ol i o hei onc .
TheUni r iy s d desgnae c itnty t whom i or a f m a
ve st houl
i t onsse l o
nf mal nd or l
c pl nt m a be a e s d.
om ai s y
ddr s e
TheUni r iy' polcesandpr e ess d be a
ve st s ii
oc dur houl
mende s ast pr dea
d o o ovi
de i tvede a ld m a ra pe i oftm ei whih pr pti si tonsa e
fnii
t ie
nne nd rod i n c om nve tgai
r

t bec ee ( 90da )
o ompltd 30- ys.
@
@

Thecompl i pr ed ess d bea
ant oc ur houl
mende t r r t Uni r iy t no iy
d o equie he ve st o tf
c
ompli si wrtng oft r ulsofi tga i .
anant n ii
he es t nvesi tons
The U ni r iy' polc e a pr edu es s d pr de w her a c pl i nt
ve st s i i s nd oc r houl ovi
e om a na
a / onewho hasbee a us m a a
nd or
n cc ed y ppea t i si a i sfndi .
l he nve tg ton' i ngs

( 367- 1. OnSe e r28,
DE- 1 )
ptmbe 2005,KU r s nde t ti woul i e ntne polcesa
epo d ha t d mplme w ii nd
pr ed e t twoul a es OCR' co e nsa as d f f m st tOCR be ivedwoul be
oc ur s ha
d ddr s
S nc r nd ke or or ha
le
d

a o it ( 367- 2. OCR rs nde on Se e
pprprae. DE- 1 )
epo d
ptmber30,
2005,sai t i c dnotfnd
ttng hatt oul
i
a y OCR a ove polcisa f t rsa e t ti ha f
n
ppr d i e nd urhe t t d ha t d ound s
omepolci on t i e ne .
i es he nt r t

( 367- 3. On Ocobe 27,
DE- 1 )
t r 2005,
OCR s alte t KU f malys ti outisfndi
ent etr o
or l etng t i ngs
a c l i r ga di Gil pi sOCR co ai . ( 367- 6. W hieOCR f
nd onc usons e r ng les e'
mpl nt DE- 1 )
l
oundt t
ha

Gil pi ha notbe n dic i n t orrt la e a i t i r i ed t seven i s sw ih K U '
les e d
e s rmi a ed ea it d ga ns, t a s he
s ue t
s
polcesa pr e est thadbe n r s d i t Se e be 26, 2 05me rn u (#..
i i nd oc dur ha
e aie n he ptm r
0
mo a d m. f )
On Oc o r1 2005,KU sgned aRe ol i Ag ee e twih OCR . ( 367- 6. KU
t be 2,
i
s uton r m n t
DE- 1 )
di no a i t a vi ato orno c pla e i t Re ol i Agr e e . (7 367- 6a
d t dm t o ny ol i ns
n-om i nc n he s uton
e m nt 1E- 1 t

25. Ove t ne fw mont OCR andKU c i dt c
) r he xt e
hs
ontnue o ommuni t a KU wor t ds
cae s
ked owar
c
ompla wih t tr soft Re ol i n Agr e e . (7 367- 7t ough1E- 27. On
ince t he e m
he s uto
e m nt 1E- 1 hr
7 367- )

M a 24,2007,OCR s ntKU a ltersa i t tKU ha f fle isoblga i nsundert
y
e
e t ttng ha
d ulil d t i to
he
Re ol i A g e m e a t t a a r s t no f t rmo t i byOCR wasnec s ay.(
s uton r e nt nd ha , s e ul,
urhe niorng
e s r DE-

367- ) Atnotmedi OCR rvokeKU' ei biiyt rc veTil I f .
28.
i d
e
s lgi lt o e ei te V unds
Ka an' Complanc Wih t e Re lt i Ac
pl s
i e t h habiiaton t

De e
f ndan sa Gils eha El d t de ii , orpori ofde ii ns of
t nd le pi ve e he postons
tons
posto ,
nume ousDe e nt 'e o e i ve i t e utonoft PPASa ori ve i
r
f nda s mpl ye s nvol d n he xec i
he
nd/ nvol d n
e urngK a a sc pla e wih t Re biia i Act The de ii i l Ga y
ns i
pln' om i nc t he ha lt ton .
postons ncude: r
Ke be ,Pr sde a CEO ofKHEC;Ka en Ros , Vie Pr i ntofHum a Res ur esa
r r e i nt nd
r
s c esde
n
o c nd
As oc aeGe a Couns ofKa an, nc,who l t rbe a eSe orV iePr i ntofHum a
s it ner l
el
pl I .
ae c m
ni
c esde
n
R e o ce a A s oci t Ge r Couns ; a neN e l , Se orVie Pr i ntofRe a or
s ur s nd s a e ne al
el El i
e y ni
c esde
gult y

Afaisfom 2005 untl201 De naEc s who be n wor ng f KHEC i t mi ni te
fr r
i
1; a
hol,
ga
ki or
n he d- ne is
a wor d he wa up t t poston of I tt to lElgi lt M a ge by 1 andt n
nd
ke r y
o he ii
nsiu i na i biiy na r
999
he

be a eDie t ofl tt tona Elgi lt i 2003 or2004;Lia Ge e Si la , f
cm
r c or nsiu i l i biiy n
s f n ciin onne Se or
r ni
Vi ePr sde ofHum a Res ur esa Le lf KU a cure ChifAdm i srtveOfi e
c e i nt
n
o c nd ga or
nd r nt e
nitai
fc r

(tt tmeofhe De mbe 1 201 de iin) a StveLovi t f me Huma
a he i
r ce r 2, 2 posto ; nd e
g,he or r
n
Res c M a rf KHEC. Ass toutbe o t s e o swer t s d wih e urng
our es nage or
e
l w, he e mpl yee
e a ke t ns i

t tKa a wasi compla wih t Re lt ton Ac and o he r quie nt o t PPAS
ha pln
n
ince t he habiia i
t
t r e r me s f he
.
Acc di t Ga yKe be ,
or ng o r r r who e c e t 2004 PPA, opl wih e riei t
xe ut d he
pe e t xpe ts n he
a e sc e byt PPA woul r viw t PPA f a ur c be or i c m et Ke be f rhi
r a over d he
d e e he
or cc a y f e t a o r r o s

sg ur ( r rDe 211:- 0. hieKe be di no i pe ntyrviw t PPA beor
inat e. Kebe p. 1 1 )W l r r d t nde nde l e e he
fe
sgni i,hem a s et thehie peopl wih e riei t va i a ea a e c e
i ng t
de ur ha
rd
e t xpe ts n he rous r s nd xpe t d

t t pr ryr viw t ngsbeor t yende uponhi des f a 1 : 1 :;54: 1 .
hem o ope l e e hi
f e he
d
s k.(#. t 2 3- 3 1 7- 9)
Ker rkne t tKa a wasr uie t c
be
w ha pln
eq r d o ompl wih Se ton 504 oft Re biia i Ac a
y t ci
he ha ltton t nd

sae t tKa a wa û r onboa dwihmeei t erquie nt ' (d.a 5 3- )
ttd ha pln s ç y
ve
r t
tng hos e r me s. 1 t 0: 25.
'
Ke be alo kne t tc planc wiht r r m e si t PPASwa aco i ng oblgai
r r s
w ha om i e t he equie nt n he
s ntnui
i ton

a t tf l et c yc drs ti t l soffdea f ng.(#.a 511- )
nd ha aiur o ompl oul e ul n he os e rl undi f t : 22.
I 2002,Ka an,I .hiedKa e Ros asVie Pr sde ofHtm a Res c sa
n
pl nc r
rn
s
c e i nt
z n our e nd
As oc ae Ge r lCouns l I 2004,Ros wa pr
s i t ne a
e. n
s s omot d t Se orVie Pr sde ofHu a
e o ni
c e i nt
m n
Re our esa As oca eGe a Couns l W hieRos wasnotr s nsbl f e urng t t
s c nd s it ner l
e.
l
s
e po i e or ns i ha
Ka a l ly q lfe t pa tcpa ei f de a sude ad pr a s s knowst ts e
pl n egal uaii d o ri i t n e r l t nt i ogr m , he
ha om one

z e be D e . r f r t t de ii n ofGa y K e be fl d a 1 EK r r p e e s o he post o
r
r r ie t 7 376- 4.
1
5

i t ge r c
n he ne al ouns ' ofi ewas ( sDe 3 1 -4. Ros sr ponsbiii at pln
els fc
.
Ros p.65: 12 ) s' es i ltes Ka a
i l d e urng t Ka a spolcisc
ncude ns i hat pl n' i e ompled wih t Re biia i
i
t he ha lt to

nAc.(d a 67: 1 )
t 1 t 9- 9.

Asa r s t whe Ros sa td a Ka a , s r vi we a r s d ha
e ul, n
s t re t pln he e e d nd evie ndbooksa pr ded
nd ovi

no s rmi tontani (d a 67: 68:2) Thetani s pr dedi ude wrte
ndici nai r i ng. 1 t 20- 1
ri ng he ovi ncl d itn
.

m ae i l a powe poi pr e a ins (d at 1 69: ) Addii l r ni i l
tras nd
r nt es nt to . 1 68:3- 20.
tona tai ng ncuded
c
omput rba e i e a tvepr a st tpr ded nondic i i ton tani f a le oye
e - s d nt r c i
ogr m ha ovi
s rm na i r i ng or l mpl es
,

a
nnua m e tngsf rhuma r otr die or , a a annua m a ger m e tng. (d. t1 3l ei o
n es lce r ct s nd n
l na s e i
1 a 97:

23.
)
Ahe heri talr vi w ofKa a se si ha
r
nii e e
pln' xitng ndbook, Ros r vi ed i usi
s e s t ng
nondic i i ton l ngua t thad be n a ove byt EEOC. (d a 7 2 - 8 1 . Th
s rm na i a
ge ha
e ppr d he
1 t 7:5 7 :0) e
EEOC ha a o t l ngua whe Ros us d i f raprore pl r (d a 1 :6 1 16.
d ppr ved he a
ge
n
s e to
i m oye . 1 t 20 1 - 2 : )

The r vie ha
e s d ndbook c r no s rm i ton on t ba i ofdia lt a i l
ove ed ndic i na i
he s s
s biiy nd ncuded
gre
ivanc a c
e nd ompl i pr ed es (d. t79: 80: ) Ros bel st ts de l da
ant oc ur . 1 a 9- 5.
s i ha he veope
eve
lga l c
e ly ompla ha
int ndbook t twass ntt t va i Ka a e iiswho we e i t u t d t
ha
e o he rous pl n ntte
r nsr c e o

us Ros 'handbooka atmplt (d at75: 176: 1) Ros beleve t tt polcess
e s
s e ae. 1
2 - 1.
s i s ha he ii he
dr hed c
a
omple wih a1l alr quie t t tKa a had. (d a 1 1 1 ) Ros t tfe
id t 1 eg e r men s ha pln
1 t 18:2- 4. s esiid

t ti wa he ha tt s i s h r vii t he s r iorbe or di s m i tng t m
ha t s r bi o ubm t uc e sons o r upe v s
f e s e na i he

c
ompany- d (d a 1 24- 23: ) Noonee rt dRos t herpolci mi no
wie. 1 t 22: 1 22.
ve ol
s hat
i es ght t

c mp r wihfd r l a (d a 1 :7 1 62.
o o t t e e a lw. 1 t 25 1 - 2 : )
Ros sa d up t dae on e o e 1w is by r adi t Re lt ton Ac ,
s t ye
o t
mpl ym nt a s ues e ng he habiia i
t
r adi c esi e r tng t Re biia i Ac , r di t da l lborr pol a at ndi
e ng as nt m e i he ha lt ton t ea ng he iy a
e t nd te ng
3l D ep. r e st t de ii ofKa e Ros tld a 1 E- 76- 1.
loss
ef r o he poston
rn
s ie t 3 3 1

6

e pl m e l w CLES (#. 1 7 1 1 ) Shebeivest t hea Ka mzdi e r hi
m oy nt a
.
f at 36:- 37:0.
le ha s nd pl d ve yt ng

i good f ih t tyt bec
n
at o r o
omplan wih al lws i l di t Re biia i Ac .
i t t 1 a , nc u ng he ha lt ton t

(d.a
I t

1 25- 5.
94: 195: )
El neNe y,Seni Vie Pr sde ofRegult yAfar fom 2005 untl2011 w as
ai
el
or c e i nt
a or f is r
i
,

i ve i e urng c planc wih f de a r gul tons r e , l t tdeatwih sudent
nvol d n ns i om i e t e r l e ai , uls and aws ha
l t t
s

,

notempl es ( l De 41 1 23. Ne ywasi c r offli outa s ti t
oye . Neey p. 48:3- ) el
n hage ilng
nd ubmitng he
a i a i f robti ng aPPA . (d a 42:3- 5; 1 1 ) W he t DOE is ane
pplc ton o
a ni
1 t 1 43: 46:2- 4.
n he
sued w

PPA,Ne ywoul r viw i.(d a 48: 4.
el
d e e t 1 t 2- )Sherviwe t 200 PPA f Ka a Cole
e e d he 4
or pln lge

.

(d a 7 1 - 0) W h l s edi n t e d e eysn l wo db c u ei wa atmplt, s
1 t 2:7 2 . ie h d o ra v r ige r e a s t s e ae he
r vi w e t PPA f c
e e d he
or ondii orunus lt ngs. (J a 7 217 1 . Ne l s i dt e
tons
ua hi
f t 2: - 3:7) ey kmme h

ge r lt
ne a enusa c tonss c i bec us t ge r tr sa c tonswer t s m ei
nd ondii
e ton a e he ne al e m nd ondii
e he n n

alPPAS (d at76:9- 0. TheDOE is st tpe ofPPAS af l PPA a aPrvii
l
.1
1 771 )
sue wo y s
, 'l
u
nd o sonal
Pa tci tonAgr me .( hol De 51 5- 1) Al f lPPASar st ndar wih t s m e
ri pai
ee nt Ec s p. 01: 2 . l ul
e a d t he a
lngua (J.
a ge. f )
Neeykne t tt PPA r quie Ka a Cole t c
l
w ha he
e r d pln lge o ompl wih t Re biiai n Ac
y t he ha lt to
t
andkne t tKa a hadpolcisa pr dur si pl et e ur c
w ha pln
i e nd oce e n ac o ns e ompla wih t
i nce t he

Re a ltto Ac.( eyDe . t8 : 1 1 . Ne l sw tetanigmae il p ir o
h bi ain t Ne l p a 8 1 - 6) ey a h ri n tras ro t
i
f r r ngt PPA t Ke be f hi sgna ur . (#. t90: 7. Shetsii t to sde
o wa di he
o r r or s i t e f a 1- )
e tfed ha uti
c
ouns lr viwe t ta ni m ae il t e ur t tt y we eac ur t and a oprae. (#. t
e e e d he r i ng tra s o ns e ha he
r c ae
ppr i t f a

90: 1 ) Sheas wor dwiho sdeco elt prpaetai ngmaei sc rngt
8- 3.
lo ke t uti uns o e r r ni
tral ovei he
4 eel D ep. r f r t t de ii ofEl i N e l f l d at1 E- 22.
N y
e e s o he poston
a ne e y ie
7 376-

s
Echol D e . r f r t t de ii ofDe Ec sfl a DE- 23.
s p e e s o he poston
ana hol ied t 3767

Re lttonAc.(d a 1 1 1 7. Thetani mae il conve dt tavi ai of
habiiai
t 1 t 02:- 03: )
ri ng tras
ye ha olton
Se ton 504 oft Re biia i Ac wa as rousm at r (d a 1 5: - 1 1 ) Howeve,
ci
he ha lt ton t s e i
te . 1 t 1 19 1 6:6.
r
s wasuna eofa tai ng orm ae il i c e i n wih Se ton 504 t texit prort
he
war
ny r ni
tra s n omz cto t c i
ha sed i o

he tm ewih Ka a a wasa s una r ofa e oy r que t f ra comm oda ins (d
ri
t pl n, nd
lo wa e ny mpl ee e ss o c
to . 1

a 911 - 2:8)
t :5 9 1 .
Dea Echol,I tt i Elgi lt M a
na
s nsiutonal i biiy nage a t n Die orofl tt i l
r nd he r ct
nsiutona
Elgi lt woul r c vet ne PPASa s nd t m on t Ke be f sgna ur . ( hol De
i biiy,
d e ei he w
nd e he
o r r or i t e Ec s p.

a 27: 28: 99:4- 00: )Ec swasa r oft Ge r Ter a Co tonsi t PPA
t 20- 9; 1 1 8. hol
wae he neal ms nd ndii n he
t tr quiedcompla wih t Re ltton Ac . (d a 1 1 1 ) Echol di no
ha e r
ince t he habiia i
t 1 t 02:0- 3.
s d t

peronaly e ur t tKa a wa i c planc wiht Reha lt ton Ac bec us s was
s l ns e ha pln s n om i e t he
biia i
t a e he
a r t tKa a hadpolce ,pr ed e ,a g delnesdeveope byisva i de rme s
wa e ha pln
i is oc ur s nd ui i
l d
t rous pa t nt

t e ur compla wiht vai f rlr g ai .(d a 1 1 1 1 ) Ec sha no
o ns e
ince t he rous edea e ultons 1 t 05:9- 06:7. hol d
r a on t bele t tKapln wasnoti c
e s o ive ha
a
n ompla ewih t Re biia i Ac be a eKa a
inc t he ha lt ton t c us pl n

ha esa ihe polci andpr e est ti f l
d t bls d i es
oc dur ha t olowed. (d a 1 4- 8.
1 t 20: 1 )
Empl eis wih t Re ltton Ac f l unde t pur e ofHum a Re our es
oye s ues t he habiia i
t el
r he viw
n s c ,

no c inc elgi lt orrgul or ( hol De at72:9- ) LiaGee Siiin,f me
t ompla e, i biiy e at y. Ec s p.
1 22. s fn cla or r
Se orVi Pr sde ofHuma Res ur sa Lega f KU a c r ntChi Ad i sr tve
ni
ce e i nt
n
o ce nd
l or
nd ure
ef m nitai
Ofi e , e tfe t tprort Gil s eflng hi compl ntwih OCR, no ot rc
fc r t sii d ha i o le pi ii
s
ai t
he ompl nt ha
ai s d
be n fl d r ga di dic i naton o notbengac om moda e a noneha be n tl snc .
e ie e r ng s rmi i r
i
c
t d nd
ve e qed i e

( cla De 648:- 48: 1 1 ) Thr
Siiin p. 17; 1 - 5. oughoutOCR' i tgai Ka anmai anedt ti
S nvesi ton, pl
nti ha t
wa i c i ewiht Re biiai Ac .(#.a 91:9- ) Ac di t Siii d i
s n omplanc t he ha ltton t f t 1 21. cor ng o clan, urng
f cii n D e . r f r t t de ii ofLi aGef n Siii n fl d a 1 E- - .
si la
p e e s o he poston
s
e c la ie t 7 367 52
8

t i s i ton,OCR t dKa a souti c
he nve tgai
ol pln' sde ouns lt tKa a wa noti
e ha pln s
n vi a i oft lw ,
olton he a
de piet OCR fndi . (d a 97: 16.
s t he
i ngs I t 9- )
Stve Lovi t f me Hum a Re our e M a
e
g, he or r
n s c s nage f rKHEC, t tfedt tdurng hi
ro
esii ha
i s
tm ewih KHEC?hene rha a r as t belevet tKa a wa noti
i
t
ve d ny e on o i ha pl n s
n

c
omplanc wih t
i e t he

Re biiato Ac.( gDep. a 1 9- 9) l f tLovi beive t tKa anwa i
ha lt in t Lovi
8 t 07: 1 n ac, g le d ha pl
sn
.

c
ompla ba e on t tai ng a i onna i pr de t empl yee .
ince s d he r ni nd nf
ton ovi d o
o s

(d)
1

I . Sum m ar Judgm ent St
I
y
andar
d

Su r u me ti a p o raewh n Shepe dng . . h w ta te ei n g n ne
mmayj dg n s p r p it e t la i s . s o h t h r s o e ui
t
is ea t a ymaeil a ta dt themo i gp ryi e tte t aj d me ta amatro
su s o n tra fc n ha t
v n a t s n ild o u g n s te f
lw . Ande s v fi ry Lobb , I cs 7 U. 2 2, 47( 9 6 ;
a '
'
r on . be t
y n .4 7 S. 4 2 1 8 ) HCA He lhS r s o .I .
a t e v . fGa, nc
v.Emplyer He t l s Co.240 F. 98 , 991( 1hCi. 01 .Onc t movi pat
o s alh n . ,
3d 2
1 t r 20 )
e he
ng ry
de onsr t st a e ofa g nui i s ofm aera f c , t non- ovi pa y m us i e
m ta e he bs nce
e ne s ue
t il a t he
m ng rt
tl
com
f war wih ipe is f t s
or d t s c tc acs howi t tt r i age neis f ti l'' M atus t El .
ng ha he e s nui s ue or ra . '
s hia ec

l du .Co.v Ze t Radi Cor ,475 U. 5 , 587( )( otngFe R. v. 56().The
n s
. nih
o p.
S, 74
1986 qu i d. Ci P. e)
Cour mus viw t r c dand alf cuali e e st r r i t lghtm os f vor bl t t
t t e he e or
l a t nf r nce he efom n he i
t a a e o he
non- ovi pa t a de dewhehe ççhee d epr ent as fcintdia e ntt
m ng ry nd ci
t r it vi enc es s ufi e
s gr eme o

r q r s b sint aj yo wh t e i i s o e sd dta o epat mus prv i a amatr
e uie u miso o ur r eh r t s o n -ie h t n ry t e al s te
ofl w .' Ale v T on Food , I c,1 F.d 6 2, 46( 1hCi.1 9 )( o igAn e s n 4 7
a '' l n . ys
s n . 21 3 4 6 1 t r 9 7 qu t
n d ro , 7

U. a 25152).
S. t - )

7 c us o y apori ofLovi sde ii hasbe fl i t r or , i i notcl a
Be a e nl
ton
g' poston
en ied n he ec d t s
er
whe e c l Lovi wor d f KHEC.
n xa ty
g
ke or

t ovi De r f r t t de ii ofSt veLovi tl at1 E- 57 )
g p. e e s o he poston
e
g sed 7 367.

9

l o p sn amoi nfrs mmayj g n ,hen n mo igp ryma n t eys ll
n p o ig
to o u r ud me tt o - vn a t y o r l oey
on t pl adi ,b mus s
he e ngs ut t how b a fda t, de ii ,a wer t i e r t i , and
y fi vis postons ns s o nt roga ores
a s i t s c fc f t e s de o tatng age ne is f til Se Fe R.Ci P.
dmisons hat pe i acs xit m nsr i
nui s ue or ra . e d.
v.

5 () () s eas Ceo e Cop. .Ca r t 47 U.. 1 , 2 ( 9 6 A m er ûs i il 'of
6c , e; e lo ltx r v tet 7 S 3 7 3 4 1 8 )
,
e tc ntla'
.

e denc s
vi e uppori t opposngpary' poston wilnots fce; nse , t r m us be a
tng he
i
t s ii
l
ufi i t ad he e
t

s fiin s wigt a t ej r c udra o a l fn f rta pa t Ander 477 U. at252;
u fce t ho n h t h u y o l e s n by id o h t ry
son,
S.
.

s ealo Wal rv Dar y 911F. 1 3, 1 7 ( 1hCi. 99 )
e s
ke . b
2d 57 5 7 1 t r 1 0 .
1 1 D i c s on
1 . s us i

Thi Coul haspr vi l hed t tt r a ef eeme st a f s ce tfc ton cli :
s
'
t
e ousy l ha he e r our l nt o ale riia i a m

()t s b s ino aflecam; 2 s in e ; 3 tef lesae n mu tb maeilot
l he u miso f as li ( ) ce tr () h as ttme t s e tra t he
g r ntsde ii t pa outmone t t cai nt a ( a a t lcai orc lont
ove nme ' cson o y
ys o he l ma ; nd 4) n cua l m al he
gove nme fs . Se DE- 9 i Ca eNo. 09- 0205 ( t Uni dSt ese r lHendow v
r nt ic e
1 n s
md- 7 cii
ng t at x e.
e
.

Unv r i o o nx 4 1F.d 11 6 1 717 (t Ci. 00 :.Ka a mo e f rs mma y
ie st fph e i, 6 3 6 , 1 - 3 9 h r 2 6
y
pln v s o u r
j d me t c u eGie sec n o e tbihtle o te ef u ee nt.Sp cfc l , K apl n
u g n be a s l p i a n t sa ls l e f h s o r lme s e iial
l
r
y
a
ale t tGil pi c nnote tbls t t ( ) Ka a a t lyvi ae t Re biiai Ac
lges ha les e a
sa ih ha : 1 pln cual oltd he ha ltton t

a d tus ma eaflesae n ;2)Ka a a tdwihter q iies ine ; nd()a yf le
n ,h , d as ttme t ( pln ce t h e ust ce tr a 3 n as
sa e e wasma e i lt t Gove nme ' decson t r l s Til I f
tt m nt
t ra o he
r nts ii o eea e te V undst Ka a
o pln
sude s Bas on t r or e de e,Gil pi c
t nt . ed he ec d vi nc
les e annotesabls t tKa a ac e wih
t ih ha pln t d t
s int r The e or he c nno e t bls ane s ay ee e ofhi f le c rii ton c am .9
ce e . r f e, a t sa ih
ce s r lm nt
s a s e ttcai 1 i

TheFa s Cl i sAc doesnotr r pr ofs ci i e t de r ud;i t d, i
le am
t
equie oof pe sc nt nt o fa nsea t
g a e Gil pi c nno e tbls s i n e , t Cour ne d nota es whehert ot er
Bec us les e a t sa ih c e t r he
t e
ddr s
t he h
elme sofa f lece tsc ton cli ha be n m e orwhehe Gils e i e il d t pa ta
e nt
a s ri a i am ve e
t
t r le pi s ntte o ri l

s mmayj d me ta t wh t e Ka lnwa i volto o teRe a iiainAc.
u r u g n s o eh r p a s n i ai n f h h b l to t
t
1
0

defne t t r si
i s he e m ç
knowi ' d
ng'and '
knowi y't mea t ape s n:
ngl ' o
n hat r o

( )ha a t knowl oft i or ton;
1 s cual
edge he nf mai
( a t i delbe aei a eoft tuhorfliyoft i or ton;or
2) cs n i r t gnornc he rt ast he nf mai
( a t i rc e sdirgadoft tut orf st oft i or ton,
3) cs n e kls se r he r h aliy he nf mai
31U. C.j37294 (
S.
b) 2008)1 ai ifaguest tKapln a tdwih dei rt inor eori
.0Pl ntf r
ha
a ce t lbeae g anc n
r ckls dir ga d oft tuh. Ka a as e t t tt r i noe de t ti aced s h a t
e e s se r
he r t
pln s rs ha he e s vi nce ha t t uc nd hat
t evi ncei c t st ti at mpt dt c pl , a di i f c c pl wih Se ton 504 of
he de
ndi a e ha t te e o om y nd d n a t om y, t c i
t Re biia i Ac .
he ha lt ton t
The d
t
knowi ' e e oft FaleCl i sAc wa notmea t punih hones m it ke
ng'elm nt he s am
t s
nt o
s
t sa s
ori ore cli ss it d t o h m e eneglge e i wa mea t r a t st ton whe e
nc r ct am ubm te hr ug
r
i nc ; t s
nt o e ch he iua i
r

an i vi lhast id hi he d i t s nd'and f ie t ma ba i i re whi h woul
ndi dua
û e s a n he a '
bur
a ld o ke sc nquiis c
d
a e thi t tf s cai a ebeng s it . U S v Kaman Pr ci on Pr
l r m ha ale l ms r i ubm ted
..
e si
oduct,I ., 2011
s nc

W L 38 5 9( . F a Au . 0 2 1 ( ic si glg sai eh soy .Ot rc u t h v
41 6 M D. l. g 2 , 01 ) ds u sn e iltv itr ) he o rs a e
des rbe r kl sdir gar asd n e r me ve son ofor nar neglgenc .' U S.v Kr z k,111
c i d ec es se d l xte
a
ri
di y
i e'
. ie

F. 93 9 ( C.Ci.1 .Thus whieadee
3d 4, 42 D. r 997)
, l fndantnee notha a acua i e t
d
ve n t l ntnt o
de r ud,hem us ha a t d wih m or t m e ene i nc i s m itngt cl m .
fa
t ve c e t
e han r glge e n ub ti he ai
He e,Gil pi hasnots
r
les e
hown t Ka a kno i y di notcompl wih Se ton 504 of
hat pln w ngl d
y t ci
t Reha lt ton Act W hie Kebe ha a it d t thedi no pe s l ens e c
he
biiai
.
l r r s dm te ha
d t r onaly ur ompla
ince
prort e c i t M a 2004 PPA , het tfedt thekne Ka an ha t c
i o xe utng he y
esi
ha
w pl
d o ompl a r le
y nd e id

on t e ts ofot r t e ur t tKa a wa i co pla e wih t Re biiai Ac .
he xperie
he s o ns e ha pl n s n m inc t he ha ltton t

1The FaleCl i Ad wasa e
0
s ams
m ndedi 2009. W hiet defnii ofç
n
l he i ton l
knowi ' dno
ng'di t
c nget numbe i oft s to c ng si ty. l i now 32U. C.j3729( ( )
ha
he
rng he eci n ha ed lgh l t s
S.
b)1 .
11

Ac or ngt t t si ony i t r c d, t e ot r i l
c di o he e tm
n he e or hos he s ncuded outi c
sde ouns la i i
e nd nsde

c u s l Aso it Ge ea Co n e Ros' o rs o sb l iss cfc l icud de u ig
o n e . s cae n r l u s l s j b e p n iii e pe i al n l e ns rn
t
y
c
ompla wiht Re biiai n Ac . To t tend,s r wr t Ka a spolc e and
ince t he ha lt to
t
ha
he e o e pln' i i s

pr edur ss onafe sa tng a Ka a a pr de nondic i i ton tai ng t e oye s
oc e o
tr t ri t pl n nd ovi d
s rm na i r ni o mpl e .
Ros m odeedt new polc e a pr edu eso lngua t tha pr vi l b
s
l he
ii s nd oc r n a
ge ha d e ousy
e n a ove by
e ppr d
t EEOC.Ros a s t sii d t ts madeapoi ofsa ng on t p ofdeveopm
he
s l o e tfe ha he
nt tyi
o
l

ent i t
s n he

l bora e oy e 1w fel . Ka analo r le on outi co el Ne y tsii d t ts
a
nd mpl m nt a i ds pl s ei d
sde uns .
el e tfe ha he
wor d wih outi couns lt de o tani ma e i st tc e t Re biiai n Ad
ke t
sde
e o velp r i ng t ral ha over d he ha ltto
a t touti c
nd ha sde ouns r vi
el e ewed Ka a spolcesa pr e es
pln' i i nd oc dur .

Furher e t r i no e de ofr co dt i c t t tKa a knew o s d ha
t mor , he e s
vi nce e r o ndia e ha pl n
r houl ve
known t ti wasnoti co i nc wih t Re biia i A c . Prort G il s e' 0 CR
ha t
n mpla e t he ha lt ton t i o le pi s
compl n ,Ka anha ne rha ac
ait pl
d ve d ompl ntabo isRe biiai A c polcis. K a a ha
ai
ut t ha lt ton t i e
pl n d

polcisa pr edur si pl c t e ur c
i e nd oc e n a e o ns e ompla eand t r i no e de e t t epolcis
inc
he e s
vi nc hat hos
ie
andpr e e we enotf l d.Eve whe OCR ma isfndi , Ka a sco e wa
oc dur s r
olowe
n
n
de t i ngs pln' uns l s
t dby OCR t Ka anwasi c
ol
hat pl
n ompla wih t Reha ltton Ac . Thus t e de e
ince t he
biia i
t
, he vi nc

doe nots
s
how t tKa a é id ishe d i t s nd' orf ie t m a ba i i re t
ha pln t e t a n he a ' al d o ke sc nquii s o
bur
e ur co pla e.
ns e m i nc

Theca e Gil s ecied d no s ppo tt c uson t Ka a a t d wih de i r t
s s le pi t o t u r he oncl i hat pl n c e t lbe a e
i a orr c e sd sega d.l U S.v. Krz k t de e an sha s it d M e c r and
gnor nce e kls ir r n
ie , he f nd t d ubm te
di a e
M e c i cai t thadbe n co plt d wih ltl orno f c ua ba i, no e f tha be m ade
di a d l ms ha
e m e e t ite
a t l ss
f or d en
t de e nehow muc tm et doc o ha s ntwih apa int a t doct ha compl el
o t nni
h i he t r d pe
t
te , nd he
or d
et y
f ie t r viw t bil s it d on hi be f 111F. a 9 Si lry, n U S.v St e ,
a ld o e e he ls ubm te
s hal.
3d t 42. mia l i
. ev ns
1
2

605F.Supp. 863,8 ( . Ky.2008)t docorwhos mit t M edia ea
2d
69 W D.
,he t
ub ted he
c r nd
M e c i ca mst no se t e ur t tt bilngswe eco r c a t ne ove t e bilng
di ad li ook
tps o ns e ha he li
r r e t nd ur d r h li
t aperon wih no prore re e. Unlkei Krz k a St v ns whe et de e
o
s
t
i xpe i nc
i n ie nd e e ,
r he f ndan sha no
t d
s t m t e ur c r tbilngswe e s it d,Ka an ha e oye , i l ng a t ne ,
yse o ns e orec li
r ubm te
pl
d mpl es nc udi tor ys

who we e ts wih e urng co pla ewih t Re biiai Ac a who t t rw ih
r a ked t ns i
m i nc t he ha lt ton t nd
t
, oge he
ou sdecouns ,de lpedpolcis pr e e ,and tai ng t e ur c planc . G il pi has
ti
el veo
i e , oc dur s
r ni o ns e om i e les e
notcomef wa d wih a r co d evi nc i c tng t tKa a se pl yee l ke t s ls
or r t ny e r
de e ndi a i ha pln' m o s ac d he kil

a de p re c t d t er o s rh sh c mef r r wihr c r e ie c s o n t the
n x ein e o o h ij b .No a e o o wad t e o d vd n e h wig ha t
e ly e d dno d ter o .Th , l s i ha n t h wnt ee se eo ag n r l su
mpo e s i t o h ij bs us Gil pe s o s o h xitnc f e ea is e
e
ofm at ralf ct
ei a .
U S.e r .Compt v M i s S i te , I c,1 2F.d 2 6( t Ci.1 98, lod e
x el
on . dwe t pec ali s n . 4 3 9 6h r 9 ) as o s

nots
uppo tafndi t tKa a ace wih de i r t i no anc orr kl s dir ga d. I
r i ng ha pln td t lbe a e g r e ec e s s e r n

Compt t de e ntdi notc
on, he f nda d
ompl wih at tng r quie e i isco r c wih t
y t esi e r m nt n t nta t t he
Gove m e . W hiet de e
m nt
l he f ndan a guedt ti di no be ive t ti ha t t tt goods i
tr
ha t d t le ha t d o es he
, t
haddr fe t c r c lnguager quii t t si , ispr sde t tfe t hekne oft
a td he onta t a
e rng he e tng t e i nt esii d hat
w
he
t tng r quie e ,a ye , t si wa done. I a 304.The Si h Cicui f
esi e r m nt nd, t no e tng s
d t
xt r t ound t tt s
ha hi
wa s fc e t fnd s i e . He e,howeve , Ka an wasa e oft PPA ' r quieme t t
s ufi i nt o i centr r
r pl
war
he
S e r nt ha
ic
t ompl wih t Reha lt ton Acta , a s toutabove unde t t co pl wih i. Thus
y t he
biia i
nd s e
,
rook o m y t t
,
t r i not ng t i c t t tKa a ac e wih t ne s a y s i nt .
he e s hi o ndi ae ha pl n t d t he ce s r c e er
Gil pi a s ar ue t tKa a co i d t bur ishe i t s nd afe OCR is d
les e lo g s ha pln ntnue o y t ad n he a
tr
s ue
isEndi
t
ngs.Howe ,t evi ne s
ver he de e howsot r s . K a a wor d w ih O CR t r ol t
he wie
pl n
ke t
o es ve he
is s Si y be us Ka a r f e t a knowldget ti wa noti c pla ewih t
s ue . mpl ca e pln e us d o c
e
ha t s
n om i nc t he
13

Re biia i Actdoesnotm e t ti di notm a efo t t r ol t is swih OCR.
ha lt ton
an ha t d
ke f rs o es ve he s ue t

Thee de e s
vi nc howst tKa a wor d wih OCR t oughoutt i tgaton a w or d
ha pl n
ke t
hr
he nvesi i nd ke
wih OCR t m e tt oblga i oft Re ol i Agr me . Se U S.e r l Cosne v U S
t
o e he i tons he s uton ee nt e
x e. t r . .,

31 F. 883,888( t Ci.2003)(ttngt taS r t t ti openwiht gover nt
7 3d
8h r
sai ha û acor ha s
cont
t he
mne
r ga di pr e sa lm iai and e ge i a c
e r ng oblm nd i t tons
nga s n oope a i e f twih t gove nm e t
r tve for t he
r nt o

fndas utonl kst i e rquiedbyt Act' Addii naly,t stm ony i cat d t tOCR
i
ol i ac he ntnt e r
he '
)
to l e i
ndi e ha
.

a it d t tKa a wasnota t lyi vi ato oft Re biiai n Ac .
dm te ha pln
c ual n ol i n he ha lt to
t
Fi ly,Gil pi a gue t tt r i a ee de t tKa an a t d wih de i r t
nal les e r s ha he e s mpl vi nce ha pl c e t lbe a e
i fe e orr c e sdir ga d. Gils e a s rst tKa a ce tfed c
ndif r nce e kls s e r
le pi s e t ha pln rii omplanc wih
i e t
Se ton 504 wihoute n l ki a t sa ut a t r gultonsa f l d t t ker a ona e
ci
t
ve oo ng t he tt e nd he e a i
nd aie o a e s bl
se t e ur c
tps o ns e ompla e.Howe r Gils e s
i nc
ve , le pi uppo t t ec l i nswih sa e nt
rs hes oncus o
t tt me s
t ke outofco e . W hieRos ma notha r ad Sec i 504 whe s dr td t r vi e
a n
ntxt
l
s y
ve e
ton
n he afe he e s d
polcisa pr dur s s t tfed t ts ha pr vi l r a Se ton 5 a wa f mii r
i e nd oce e , he esii ha he d e ousy e d c i 04 nd s a la
wih i a t i eme i r gul to . Te tm o as i c t t Ka a ha o sde
t t nd he mpl ntng e ai ns si ny lo ndi aed hat pl n d uti
c
ouns lr viw ispolcis pr e esa tai ng m ae il . Cons quen l notonl di
e e e t i e , oc dur nd r ni
tra s
e
ty,
y d
Ka a e pl esr d t sa ut ,Ka analo t se t e ur c pla by ts ng
pl n m oye ea he tt e pl s ook tps o ns e om ince a ki
e oye swih co inc a by c uli wih out i c
mpl e t mpla e nd
ons tng t
sde ouns l Thus Gil pi ha f ie
e.
, les e s a ld
t e t ih s int r a ne es a yee e ofhi cai . A c or ngy, ti
o sabls ce e , c s r lm nt
slm
c di l i s

14

ORD ERED t t
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Def nt Ka a , I , pln Uni r iy, a Ka a Hi he Educa i sM oton
enda s pln nc.Ka a
ve st nd pln g r
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f rSu r J d me t( 36 Ji GM NTED
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2. Relt J Gils e' M oton f Pa ta Summ a yJ m
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15