Lasky v. Royal Caribbean Cruises LTD

Filing 13

ORDER GRANTING 7 Defendant's MOTION for Partial Summary Judgment on the applicability of the Death on the High Seas Act filed by Royal Caribbean Cruises LTD, and cancelling the February 7, 2012 Hearing. Signed by Judge Patricia A. Seitz on 2/6/2012. (wc)

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT CO URT SO UTH ER N DISTRICT O F FLOR I A D CA SE N O.1l 23505- V - TZ/ M ON TON CI SEI Sl FA YE J.LASK Y,asper onalr esent i s epr atve oft Esat ofShol Davi Lasky,deceased, he t e em d Pl ntf , ai if V. ROYA L CARI BBEAN CRUI SES,LTD . , a Li i Com or i d/ a RO YAL beran aton b/ CA RI BBEAN I NTERN ATI AL, ON Def endant . / O RD ER GR ANTI G DEFENDAN T' M OTIO N FO R PA RTI L SUM M ARY JUDG M EN T N S A O N TH E APPLI BI TY O F TH E DEA TH O N THE H IG H SEAS A CT A ND CA LI CAN CELLING FEBR UAR Y 7.2012 H EA RI G N THI MATTERCa beor teCourupo Deen tsMoto f SummayJ me .( S me f e h t n f dan' in or r udg ntlDE 7) Dee a c ntn t t ai ifswrngf de t cli igov n b teDe t onteHi Se . fnd nt o e ds ha Pl ntf' o ul ah am s ered y h ah h gh as Ac (I t IDOHSA')a ass h,Pli ifi no enil t t non- c ayda ge t ts seks ' nd, uc antf s t tted o he pe unir ma s ha he e . Def endantf t aver t because DOH SA apples t case r r a bench t i and Pl ntf has urher s hat i , he equies ral ai if n rgh t aj ytil Bec us tealge wr ulacso curdwhiet De e ntwa onboad o i t o ur ra. a e h le d ongf t c re l he c de s r Def endantss p and whiet s p waseiheri M exi st rt i wat sori er i w at s, he ' hi l he hi t n co' er ioral er nt natonal er t Cour m us fnd t D OHSA gover Pl ntf cl m . M or t t i hat ns ai ips ai eover i i w el-s ted t tPl ntf m ay , t s l etl ha ai if notr ecovernonpecuni y dam ages underD OHSA . Las l as Pl ntf hasnotass t a concurent ar ty, ai if ered r cam whi e il he t aj yti a ha notpl dan ohe cai t twoul pe tteCou t li ch nttes r o ur ral nd s ea y t r l ms ha d nni h r t e r s di ri urs ci Pl ntf i no e tte t aj yti . o xecie vest iditon, ai if s t nild o ur ral yj 1 t Alhough syld a aM o i f Sum m ay J m en ,t m oton i ac ualy one f rpa ajs nmar te s ton or r udg t he i s t l o ui ul y j d me t nteis eo tea pl a ii o teDe t o teHihSe sAc (C u g n o h su fh p i bly fh ah n h g a t ç c t DOHS '.Dee d n d e n t e k A' ) fn a t o s o s e dim is lofPlitf' cam e i gove ne by t DOH SA . s sa an ifs li ven f r d he 1 L BA CK G RO UN DZ Thi diput aie ou ofa ij y Plitf sh ba (sheDec de )alge ys ti d s s e rs s t n nur anif us nd s t e nf' le dl usane whieab r Dee a Roy Carb anCr ssLt '(C l oad fnd nt al ibe uie , d.s I RCCU' s pç a gaoro heSe , whih ) hi û vi t ft as' c N ' Pl nifcai ca e t Dec de tsd t g 1. Fe uay1 201 , l waki i hi s t aitf l ms usd he e n ' eah.DE 1On br r 5, 1 whie l ng n s uie a r t Na gaorofteSe s t De e tflan hihi h d.Ld. t! 6, DE 7a 1.Onta boad he vi t h a ,he c den el d t s ea l a ! 7; tJ ht dae,h s pwasi Co me, e c fom 1 00a. uni7: p. a ote wiea s a ( 7-1 t te hi n zu lM xio r 0: m. tl 00 m. nd h r s t e .DE 1. Pl ntf cont t tafert D ecedentf l s tpr pty'caled f ass sance becaus alhought ai if ends ha t he el, he t om l ' l or i t e t he De ed ntwa c cius hec dn sa onhi o ( 1a !7jPl niff t rmanti ta c e s ons o , oul ot tnd s wn.DE t . aitf urhe i ans h t cr s s p per onnelar i and lfed t Decedenti o a wheel rw ihoutt ng tnotce oft uie hi s rved i t he nt chai t aki l i he t e, xe ta naur'oft De e ntsij y.f a !8 . ai ifa r t theDe d ntwa t n yp e tn, nd t e' he c de ' nur (#.t 1Pl ntf ves ha t ce e s he t aken t t onboar m edi f lteswher hew ass by a physi an,fted w ih a neck br s o he d cal aciii e een ci it t ace, ent ba kt hi s t,a t dt rt nt f l n mor ngf af lw-p.Ld. t!!9 1 .Pl nif c o s uie nd ol o eur he olowig ni or olo u l a , 01 aitf sae ta frt rmai er t ti t Dec de twasc iedt hi s t a ex inc dpai Vd. tts h t o he e nd ofhe rp,he e n onfn o s uie nd pere e n. a !11. t 1 OnFe u r 1 ,201 ,t Na gaorofteSe swa a sa.DE 7-q 0nFe u y 1 ,20l1 bray 6 1 he vi t h a s te ( 1. brar 7 , t s prt ne t Fo t uded e Flrda.f ) Pl nifc e t ts atrdie r ng t he hi eur d o r La ral, o i (#.. aitf ontnds ha oon fe smbaki ,he De e nt peinc ditnsf ngpai a we t t emeg c r c de ex re e ne iyi n nd nto he ren y oom.( 1a !1 . De d nt DE t 21The ce e wa a mitdt t hos t o Febuay1 201l Ld.t 1 . antfcl mst t l i t hos t s d te o he pial n r r 8, .l a ! 41Pli if ai ha whie n he pial Pl ntf x-a a aCT s a t trve l afa t e ne k.Vd. t!1 1Pl nifalg ta te ai ifhad rys nd c n ha e aed rcurd c a 3 . aitf le es h t h De e n ' c tonb ant dee irt a a t bei i t I hedidonMarhl 2011 Ld. c de ts ondii eg o troae nd fer ng n he CU, e c 3, .l a ! 1 DE 7a 21 t 6; t . z ai ifha notfld ar pons t t i tntm otonandt tm ef doi s haspa s d. Ass t pl ntf s ie es e o he nsa i he i or ng o se uch,he bac o i de iedfom t Compl ntandDefnda ' m oton.A ss tf t f l beow,f t pur esof kgr und s rv r he ai e nts i e orh uly l or he pos r s vi t is sr ie i Defnda ' m oton,her a enodiputd is sofm ae ilfc . e ol ng he s ue as d n e nts i t e r s e sue tra a t 2 Theeatr Pli ifs dRCCL.Plitf maiti t ttlj ar ul o RCCL' fiur t r fe, antf ue anif nans ha ias es t f S al e o pr rytanissr ns e oy sa a nt,(heDe e nt s frdabr enne whe RCCL opel ri t eva t, mpl ee nd ge s t c de ) ufee ok ck n e o esmiha e hi atrhi fl i hi s t Asadie trs toft aoe ton d ij is mplye s ndld m fe s aln s uie. rc e ul he frmeni e nure s t ne RCCL' ne i nc ca e te wr gf de t ofgheDec de ) ( 1a ! 21221 usai d, S glge e usd h on ul ah t e nt. DE t ! - . Dee an ha move f s mmayj men c e ngt tDOHSA g ensPl nirs ongul ah fnd t s d or u r udg t ontndi ha ov r aitf wr f det c ai a a s c s c notr c rn pe uni r da a s a a b nc t i li r uie l m nd, s u h, he an e ove on- c a y m ge nd e h r a s eq r d. I DISCU SSI N I. O A. LegalSt andard S mmay u g n ia po rae e ih la n sd p sto sa s rt itro ao is u r j d me ts p rp it wh n t epe dig , e o iin , n wes o ner g tr , t e and adm isi on fl t t w ih t afi t i any,show t t e i no genui is ast any s ons ie, oge her t he fdavis, f hat her s ne s ue o maei fc a t themo ngpat ie ildt aj me ta amat o lw. Andes nv fi ry trala t nd ha t vi ry s ntte o udg n s ter fa ' ' ro . bet Lobb I .477 U. 2 2 ( 986) Onc t movi pa t d nsr t t a e eofage n y, nc, S. 42, 47 1 . e he ng ry emo taes he bs nc nuie i ue ofm at i f ,t non- ovi pary m us icome f war w ih S pecii f ss i hatt e ss eral act he m ng t ti or d t s fc act how ngt her i a genui isue f t i .' M at s ne s or ral'' sushia El l .Co.v.Zenih Radi Cor ,475 U . 574,587 t ec. ndus t o p. S. ( 986 ( otn Fed.R.Ci P.56 e ) Th Cou tmus viw t r c d a al f cua i e e e 1 ) qu ig v. ( ). e r t e he e or nd l a t l nf r nc s t efom i t Ightm os f abl t t non- ovi pary and deci w het çlhe evi her r n he i t avor e o he m ng t de her Et dence pr e t as fcin dia e me t rquies s int aj r orwhehe ii s o -i dt ton esns ufi e t sgre nto e r ubmiso o uy t r ts o nesde ha e p rymus prval samat ofIw.'Alenv T onFood , n ,1 lF. 642, ( lhCi.1 a t t e ia ter a '' l . ys s I c. 2 3d 646 1 t r 997) ( igAnde s 477U. a 251 5 ) quotn r on, S. t - 2). B. A pplcabiiy ofD O H SA i lt Def endantar guest D OH SA gover Pl ntf sw r uldeat cl m becaus t aleged hat ns ai if' ongf h ai e he l wr ul csoc ure eihe i i enainal t sori tetrioral t sofMe c ( 7a 361 ongf a t c rd t rn ntr to waer n h ert i waer xio.DE t - . DOHS pr de ,i p tne tpar,ha:Swlent d t ofa idi dualsc us dbywr gf a t A ovi s n eri n tt t s h he eah n n vi i a e l on ul c, 3 negl ,or def toccur i on t hi seas be ect aul rng he gh yond 3 nautcalm ies f om t s e oft U nied i l r he hor he t St es,t per at he sonalr ts atve oft decedentm ay bri a ci la i i adm i t agai tt epr tnt i he ng vi cton n raly ns he per orves r ponsbl The ac i shal be f t excl i beneftoft decedent sspous son sel es i e. ton l or he usve i he ' e, p en, hid, de de rltve. 46U. C. 303 Asaprlmiar matr ii wel-ele t t ar tc l or pen nt eai ' ' S. j 02. ei n y te,ts lstld ha wher D OHSA apples i pr pt al ot f m s ofwr uldeat cl m sunder St e or gener e i , t eem s l her or ongf h ai at al martme lw. Dooly v.Kor anAi Lie Co. 4 U. 11 1 (998)( di t tDOHSA ii a e e r n s ,52 S. 6, 23 1 hol ng ha pre ss viala tonunde ge r maii lw) O hor Logitc I .v T lntr 47 U. e mpt ur v ci r neal rtme a ; fj e sis nc . ale ie, 7 S. 2 2 ( 98 (i ngta DOHSA prempt c lci saewrngf d t sauts;For v 07, 27 1 6) fndi h t e s ontitng tt o ul eah tt e ) d . Wo en, 1F. 71 71 ( lhCi.1 2)(d r ac us ofa tone ssf wr gf de t un r ot 68 2d 2, 6 1 t r 98 dWhee a e ci xit or on ul ah de ( DOHSAInoad to a to e ssunde tefdealmaii lw f wr gf de t '. , diinal cin xit r h e r rtme a or on ul ah' ) M or eover $a caus ofacton underDOH SA accr att tm e and pl wher an alegedl ,$ e i ues he i ace e l y wr f a toro si wasc ummatd i anacua ij y,nota tepoi wh r prvi or ongul c mison ons e n t l nur t h nt ee e ous s bs q nt glge eale dl oc ured. Bal han rv NCL,8 F. pp. l1 6,1 ( D. a. u e ue ne i nc lge y c r ' ac de . ' 00 su zd 9 201 S. Fl 201 )( tn Mo rv Re r, F. pp.6 6 ( D. a.l 6) Pu a he wa igl rg t 1 ciig ye . de i645 su 20, 27 S. Fl 98 . t not r y,dthe ihto r ecoverf deat dependsupon t l oft pl oft actorom i i t caused i and notu or h he aw he ace he sson hat t pon t o h pl ewheet de hoc re ' Mo r 6 F. pp. t627( ig Van ouv rS. Co. hatfte ac r he at cu rd. ye , 45 su a ' quotn c e S. Lt v Rie, U. 445, 47( 933 .ciainsomitd)(mpha i a de .Furhe,ttheprvalng d. . c 288 S. 4 1 )( tto te e ss d d) t rEgl e ii r e i t sCicui ...i t tm artm e i dent occur i w ihi t t rt i wat soff ei s at ul n hi r t s ha ii nci s rng t n he er ioral er or gn t es f lwihi t a tofDOHSA. sfye v 6 F. p. t6 ( tngSanc zv. ojandBr s Co. al t n he mbi ' o r , 45 sup a 23 cii ' he f fl o. , 6 F. 1 (t Ci.1 0).Hee alhou De e ntsde t o ure onIndonemonha rt 26 2d 228 5h r 98 ) r, t gh c de ' ah cc rd a t he he Decedentdiem bar f om t s p,DOH SA applesbecausei i undiput t Def s ked r he hi i ts s ed hat endantalegedl l y br eached isdut ofcar w hen isem pl t y e t oyeeslft t D ecedenti o a wheel rand t port hi i ed he nt chai rans ed m t t onboar m tdi f ltes. W hen t e actons occur ed, t s p vv i eiher s4exi s o ht d cal aciii hes i r he hi as n t co' 4 triora waesori itr tona waes L 7- 1 ert il tr n nenai l tr.DE 1. a.Dam ages Def endantar guest hatbecaus D OH SA gover Pl ntf cl m , ai ifm aynotr e ns ai irs ai pl ntf ecovtrnon- pe uni r da a s The Cour ag e . DOH SA pr vi t t r c ve y u r i ( ha lbe a f i c a y m ge . t r es o des ha e o r nde t C l s ar c nsto ortepec nir l ss ti db hei vi sf whos be it a to i boug . ompe ain/ h u ay os usane yt ndi dual or e nefthe cin s r ht The cour s lappori t r t hal ton he ecover am ong t i vi s i pr ton t t l s each has y he ndi dual n opori o he os s t n d. 46U. C.j3 usaie ' ' S. 0303.(mpha i ad d) orove,t sci ofDOHSA ta a i t e ss de .M e r he e ton h t pples o c ommeci a ai a ci nspr d f r ov yofno pe unir da ge .46U. C.j3030 r al viton c de t ovies or ec er n- c ay ma s S. 7. Acc r ngl i Cong e si t nd d t p ovi s h da ag f o h t pesofa ci en sunde DOH SA, o di y, f r s n e e o r de uc m es or t er y c d t r i coul havedoneso.Thus, OH SA doesnotper i Pl ntf o r t d D m t ai ift ecover nony pecuni ydamages.See ar Sanc z 626 F. a 1 0 (I he , 2d t 23 I DOHSA s cii ly lm isr c r bl da ge t t e pe u ar i pe fca l i t e ove a e ma s o hos c ni y n naur'; dlyv. , 0U. DitLEXI 1 25 a *8*9( D. a Oco r1 ,201 (a ) t e' Ri e NCL 201 S. s. ) S 090 , t - S. Fl. tbe 3 0) sme; Pekisv Oterhaw I e t s Lt.2005U. Dit LEXI 31 67,a 1 ( D. a. ptmb r30, r n . t s nv sment, d, S. s. S 0 t 4 S. Fl Se e e 20 (a ) 05)sme. b.Tri al Las l D ef ty, endantm ai ai t becaus D OH SA pr desexcl i y f an adm ialy caus nt ns hat e ovi usvel or rt e o a to DOHSA a tonsaes be tonl t be htil a a s h,Pli ifha norg t aj y f cin, ci r u jc y o nc ras nd, s uc antf s ihto ur til( 7a 781 Def da ' ar ntrssont asumptont tur til ar pr bie i al ra.DE t - . en nts gume et he s i ha j y ras e ohi td n l adm ialy actons. The l i t sar i m ur and r lect cont ctng vi son t si ue.H ow ever, rt i aw n hi ea s ky et j li i ew hi ss t weg o a t iynotdbeo s porsDef da ' postonta Pli ifi no e ildt aj y he iht f uhort e lw up t en nts ii h t antf s t ntte o ur t i on herDOH SA cl m . ral ai Th Su e Co t sf ndt twhiet Se nhAme e prme ur ha ou ha l he ve t ndme do no rquiej yti s nt es t e r ur ral i adm ialy cas ,i does not f bi t n rt es t or d hem and neiherdoes any ot s at e or Rul ofPr t her t ut e ocedur e. 5 Fiz al v.Unie St e Li sCo.37 U. 1 20(963 .l ee DOHSA i sln ast whehe tger d td ats ne , 4 S. 6, 1 ) nd d, s ie t o t r i p r t j r til. Ass c ,sal o g Co r s plc d fd rl u idcin u d rDOHS i t tmi u y ras s u h S l h u h nge s a e e ea j rs ito n e lt A n a rly,t ti no e ht e tbls t tii e dt tj r ti swoul n e beav lbl f dmiat ha s t noug o sa ih ha t ntnde ha uy ral d ev r aia e or DOHSA cams' I ReKor nAi Li sDia tro pt r1 1 7 F. p.11 5,11 li .' n ea r ne s se fse embe , 983, 04 sup 3 53 ( D. 1 8)(ii 59 Co Re 4485 ( 9 (e ksofRe Volta ( D. C. 98 ctng ng. c. 1 20) rmar p. se d) DOHSA doe n s ot prcldeus of ur ti si al s )( ttonsomitdl. e u e j y ral n lcaes ciai te ) Howe r ia ast tfd a c t ha pemitdj yti si c ssi vi DOHSA ve,t ppe r ha e erl ours ve r te ur ral n ae nvol ng cl m si onl t o siuatons.Fis ,i,i addii t aD OHSA cl m , hepl ntf alo as ert anot ai n y w t i rt f n ton o ai t ai if s s s her cli t tc risargh t aj yti an b hcai aieo oft s meta a tonoro curnc , am ha are i t o ur ral d ot l ms rs ut he a rnsci c re e t nalcli mus beti byaj y.Se Pe evFi goIl he l ams t red ur e ac . dal sandpac i Co.41 F. 371 37 ( h kng , 9 2d , 2 9t Ci.1 9)(i nge ilmen t ur ti wheet pl nifas re aJ sAc cai whihc ri r 96 fndi ntte toj y ral r he aitf setd one t l m, c ares argh t aj ytilan aDOHSA cl mlI ReKo e AiLi sDiase o ptmb r1 1 70 i to ur ra, d ai ;n r an r ne s tr fse e e , 983, 4 F. pp. t11 2- ( di t tDOHSA cli a wr f de t cli br gh und t Wasw Su a 5 53 hol ng ha ams nd ongul ah ams ou t erhe ra Con nton,whihcare arg t aj ytil mus betid t ehe b aj r ;I ReAi Cr s ve i c ris iht o ur ra, t re og t r y uy) n r ah Dia trNe Honol u, wai,onFeb u y 2 19 ,78 F. s se ar ul Ha i r ar 4, 89 3 supp.1 ,1 - ( D. .1 92) 261 26566 N. Cal 9 (a ) Re St T n drTr poratonCo. * fn Gint'5 F.Su 36 37 75( D. Y. sme ; d ar owig ans t i v. * ig a n 52 s ' pp. 7, 4- S. N. 1 2)( 98 DOHSA cam a ai to d en nta J sAc cli ag ns a t rt t rma betid li g ns ne ef da nd one t am ai t no he ogehe y re t t rb aj y; e aloFiz r d, 74U. a 21( di t tmaitna ean c r cai oi d ogehe y ur)s e s tgeal 3 S. t hol ng ha ne nc d ue l mj ne wihJ sAc cai mus bohbes tedt tej y) l t isa c s , antf' cai i s ey t one t l m t t ubmit o h ur . n he n tnt a e Pli ifs l m s oll p s a t DOHSA and,ss h, re ilme t aj ytil a beg o di ac c rn cai uru nto a uc he ntte nto ur ra c nnot r unde n on ure t l m t trquiesaj yti . ha e r ur ral Thes c t or onwhihc t ha pemitdj ytil iwhee i a tont as ri e ond he y c ours ve r te ur ras s r,n ddii o setng aDOHSA cli apli ifas a srsa t rcl m ta doe n ne e srl enil he t aj r ral am, antf lo se t nohe ai h t s ot c saiy tte ro uyti , 6 b th tn o e tec u t diestj rs ito .k ln i d Gu tv d r sI c v Elema Ln s u t a iv k s h o r' v ri u idcin nAt tc r fse e o e,n .. lr n ie, s y a Lt , U. 35 360(962) teSuprmeCourf d,el n o t s vigst s t sclus o 28 d.369 S. 5, 1 , h e toun r yig n he a n o uior a e f U. C. 33 3ta ç s tfrbea hofamaii c ta twhieima bebr hti a rly, y S. jl 3, h t( ui o r c a rtme onrc, l t y oug n dmiat ma as bep s di a or nayci latonsnc . .ti as ti ronam ...W h e t ss t(s i lo urue n n di r vi ci i e . i s ui npe s l erj hi ui i) n t fdea c t b raonofdieriyo ctz ns p(t c ridwihi,o c re tergh t til he e rl ours y e s v st f iie hi i) are t t f ous ,h i t o ra by j y. Rel n p i rl o t svi t s t sca ea Atantcd:Gul ev do e,I ,fd r ur ' yig rmaiy n he a ngs o uior lus nd l i ' fst e r s nc. e eal c u th v f u dt a panif aee t ldt uytil o ter o rs a e o n h t litfs r ni e oj r ras n h iDOHS camso tego n ta a t A li n h ru d h t n i pe ntba i e ssfrj iditonf t i DOHSA cl msa i fom a r t,s cfcal nde nde ss xit o urs ci or her ai sde r dmialy pe ii ly dieriyj iditon. I apl nifi est di riyj iditonoft c ta se mo y v st urs ci f aitf nvok he vest urs ci he our nd e ks ne da g ,t c r ma e ciedi riyj iditont he rt pl nifsi pe s ma es he ou t y xer s vest urs ci o a he aitf' n ronam maii rtme camst ee y e ttigpani st aj r til T z rv fTV Copo a in 1 8 U. Dit LEXI li h rb nil litf o u y ra . o e . n f r r t , 9 3 S. s. o S 1 641 a *1 *1 ( Md.1 3)( di t tpl nif weee tte t aj r tilont rfd r 6 , t 7- 9 D. 98 hol ng ha aitfs r nild o uy ra hei e eal DOHSA a ge rl ii cams(ve t ghaltt lw cli ha be ndimisd)wheet y nd nea martme li e n hou lsae a ams d e s se r he i ke tec tsdi riyj rs cina elce t mant nt ra tonçorda ge a lw wih nvo d h our' vest u idito nd e td o i ai hei ci s ma s ta t f argh o ti b ur' ; aor v S/ GolenGat,687F. p. 481 . Cal1 )( ri i t f ral yj y' Fav l o . S d ) e Sup 475, @ D. . 987 pates e tte t j yonDOHSA cai wher t r i di riyj rs ci ) s I ReKor Ai Li s nild o ur l ms e hee s vest u iditon ; ee n ean r ne Dia tro pt r1 1 3, F. p.tl1 6( s sn t tt c s 1w hol n t tadi riy s se fse embe , 98 704 sup a 5 dicusig ha he a e a dig ha ve st pli ifase tnga l pes am ge rlmaii cai i e tte t aj yti s ul bea idt antf sri n ' ron n nea rtme l m s nild o ur ral ho d pple o di siy pl ntfsas ertng i sonam D OH SA cl m sbecaus concept s asw ilulm iconduct ver t ai if s i nper ai e s uch lf s aeta to l c i r byj is; e aloGrenv. s ,3 F. r rdiinaly onsdeed ure) s e s e Ro s 38 supp.365,367( D. a 1 72) S. Fl. 9 (ti ngde df j ytilwheewr uld aha to a ii fom abra ofmaii dui , srki man orur ra r ongf e t cin, rsng r e ch rtme tes 3 es vn st s i r ca s p o i sta tth dsrc c ut s al v oiiaj rsito , x lsv Th a ig o ut s lue r vde h tç) e itit o rs h lha e rgn lu idcin e cu ie o ( o tec u t o teSae, f ()An cvl aeof d rl o ma imej rs ito , a n t s tr i al ae fh o rs fh tts o : 1 y iic s a miat r rt u idcin svig o ui s n lc s s y i o al te rme is t whihte aeoh r s e tte '2 U.. j 3 . loh r e de,o c h y r tewie ni d. 8 SC. 1 33 l ' 7 wa bo g t n e tec u ts d r l j rs ito a dpanif i n t l g dv ri o ctz n hp s r u h u d rh o r' a mi t u idcin n litf dd o al e iest f iie s i ay e y orasaut ybassf aj yti ) tt or i or ur ral. Defnda mant nst tt r i noide nde ba i f di riyj iditonh r be a e e nt i ai ha hee s n pe nt ss or vest urs ci ee c us Pl nifss ecai i g r dbyDOHS ( 7a f 3)Se Ma rv Cor el Uniesi 9 F. aitf' ol l m s ovene A.DE t n. . e ye . n l v r t 09 y Sup 81 8 8 ( D. Y. 995 ( ai ifno e tte oj ywheeh onl e i ngc e ofaton p. , 5-6 N. N. 1 ) pl ntf t nildt ur r er yrmani auss ci wer underDOH SA and gener m arii e l and,assuch,she coul noti e al tm aw d nvoke t cour' di siy he ts ver t j idito ; idmanv. t bihi rr. 1 ' I .678F. p.1 1 66, 5( D. Y.1 8) urs cin)Fre Misu s Aica ntl nc, p , Sup 064, 0 n. S. N. 98 (i ngt a E heexit n of. . ve st o ctz ns p,c n l dt no dif r ntr s t atlas ast fndi h t d t se ce . di r iy f iie hi a ea o fe e e ul, e t o t w r ul deat cl m s. D i st of cii hi cr es onl an addii he ongf h ai ver iy tzens p eat y tonal basi f f al s or eder j idito ido no e aget paa t sofhes tni rme upo whihacl m iba e '. urs cin;t es t nlr he rmeer t ubsa tve e dy n c ai s s dh ) I teCompl n, aitf ivoke o ytedieriyj rs ci ofheCou t Spe fc ly,healge nh aitPl nifn s nl h v st u iditon t r. ciial s le s t th rda g a e i exc s of$7 000 a t ts i a r i ntofFlrd t De e ntwasa ha e ma es r n e s 5, nd ha he s esde o ia, he c de r i ntofFl i ,a Def da i af egncoporton.DE 1a !!13.Pli ifhasas ma a esde orda nd en nt s ori r ai ( t - j antf lo de d n f aj yti .DE 1a 5.Plitf ha no i edt Cour' a r t urs ci pus a ema d or ur ral( t ) anif s tnvok he ts dmial iditon ru nt yj t 28U. C. 333n h s sae t tt si a a rlyorma ii mat und rFe R. v. o S. 51 or as he ttd ha hi s n dmiat rtme ter e d. Ci P. 9 h) (. Even s Pl ntf as t asi e cl m f wr uldeat w hi i gover by D OH SA ;she o, ai if sers ngl ai or ongf h, ch s ned hasnotaleged any ot cl m s. A lhough t Supr e Cour hasr l her ai t he em t ecogni t f alcoursm ay zed hat eder t sta di riyc rsi a yi t g neal rtmelw,Atantc& Gufstve r s I .369U. i s vest ou t n ppl ng he e r ma ii a l i l e do e, nc, S. at360,t e i no bi ng pr her s ndi ecedentt s o uppor t t m ay do so i appl ng DOH SA,a f al t hat hey n yi eder saut Thus wih a ide nde tbai f die st j idito a / aco ure tcam t t tt e. , tout n n pe n ss or v riy urs cin ndor nc rn li ha e ilsPl nift aj r ti ,Pli ifi no s e tte Ass c teCo twilgr tDefnda ts ntte aitf o uy ral antf s t o nild. u h, h ur l an e n' moto a de Pli ifaj ytil in nd ny antf ur ra. 8 1 .CO N CLU SIO N 11 For t r ons s f t above,Def he eas et orh endants M oton f Sum m ar Judgm ent i gr ed. ' i or y s ant Accor ngl i i di y, t s ORD ERED THAT ()Dee a ' Moi f SummayJ 1 fnd nts ton or r udgme ti GM NTED.( 7) n s DE . ( Th De t onteHi Se sAc (t 2) e ah h gh a t t DOHSA' g r Pli ifscli ' ovens antf' am. ) ( Purua tt DOHSA, antf i note ildt rc rn pe unir da ge . 3) s n o Pli if s ntte o e ove on- c ay ma s ( Und DOHSA,Pl nifi no e tte t aj r ti . 4) er aitf s t nild o uy ral ( Th He rngstf Fe uay7, 2i c nc ld. 5) e ai e or br r 201 s a ele P DO adORDE Di MimiFoiao ti G o Fbur, 02 NE n RE n a , lr n hs d f eray2 1 UNI S TED TXTESDl TRl J s cT UDGE cc:H onor e Andr M .Si on abl ea mont CounselofRecor d 9

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