Lasky v. Royal Caribbean Cruises LTD
Filing
13
ORDER GRANTING 7 Defendant's MOTION for Partial Summary Judgment on the applicability of the Death on the High Seas Act filed by Royal Caribbean Cruises LTD, and cancelling the February 7, 2012 Hearing. Signed by Judge Patricia A. Seitz on 2/6/2012. (wc)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT CO URT
SO UTH ER N DISTRICT O F FLOR I A
D
CA SE N O.1l 23505- V - TZ/ M ON TON
CI SEI Sl
FA YE J.LASK Y,asper onalr esent i
s
epr
atve
oft Esat ofShol Davi Lasky,deceased,
he t e
em
d
Pl ntf ,
ai if
V.
ROYA L CARI
BBEAN CRUI
SES,LTD .
,
a Li i Com or i d/ a RO YAL
beran
aton b/
CA RI
BBEAN I
NTERN ATI AL,
ON
Def
endant
.
/
O RD ER GR ANTI G DEFENDAN T' M OTIO N FO R PA RTI L SUM M ARY JUDG M EN T
N
S
A
O N TH E APPLI BI TY O F TH E DEA TH O N THE H IG H SEAS A CT A ND
CA LI
CAN CELLING FEBR UAR Y 7.2012 H EA RI G
N
THI MATTERCa beor teCourupo Deen tsMoto f SummayJ me .(
S
me f e h
t n f dan' in or
r udg ntlDE
7) Dee a c ntn t t ai ifswrngf de t cli igov n b teDe t onteHi Se
. fnd nt o e ds ha Pl ntf' o ul ah am s ered y h ah h gh as
Ac (I
t IDOHSA')a ass h,Pli ifi no enil t t non- c ayda ge t ts seks
' nd, uc antf s t tted o he pe unir ma s ha he e .
Def
endantf t aver t because DOH SA apples t case r r a bench t i and Pl ntf has
urher
s hat
i , he
equies
ral
ai if
n rgh t aj ytil Bec us tealge wr ulacso curdwhiet De e ntwa onboad
o i t o ur ra. a e h le d ongf t c re
l he c de s
r
Def
endantss p and whiet s p waseiheri M exi st rt i wat sori er i w at s, he
' hi
l he hi
t n
co' er ioral er nt natonal er t
Cour m us fnd t D OHSA gover Pl ntf cl m . M or
t t i hat
ns ai ips ai
eover i i w el-s ted t tPl ntf m ay
, t s l etl ha ai if
notr
ecovernonpecuni y dam ages underD OHSA . Las l as Pl ntf hasnotass t a concurent
ar
ty,
ai if
ered
r
cam whi e il he t aj yti a ha notpl dan ohe cai t twoul pe tteCou t
li
ch nttes r o ur ral nd s
ea y t r l ms ha
d nni h
r
t e r s di ri urs ci Pl ntf i no e tte t aj yti .
o xecie vest iditon, ai if s t nild o ur ral
yj
1 t
Alhough syld a aM o i f Sum m ay J m en ,t m oton i ac ualy one f rpa ajs nmar
te s
ton or
r udg t he i s t l
o ui ul y
j d me t nteis eo tea pl a ii o teDe t o teHihSe sAc (C
u g n o h su fh p i bly fh ah n h g a t ç
c t
DOHS '.Dee d n d e n t e k
A'
) fn a t o s o s e
dim is lofPlitf' cam e i gove ne by t DOH SA .
s sa
an ifs li ven f
r d he
1
L BA CK G RO UN DZ
Thi diput aie ou ofa ij y Plitf sh ba (sheDec de )alge ys ti d
s s e rs s t n nur anif us nd s
t
e nf' le dl usane
whieab r Dee a Roy Carb anCr ssLt '(C
l oad fnd nt al ibe uie , d.s I
RCCU' s pç a gaoro heSe , whih
) hi û vi t ft as' c
N
'
Pl nifcai ca e t Dec de tsd t g 1. Fe uay1 201 , l waki i hi s t
aitf l ms usd he e n ' eah.DE 1On br r 5, 1 whie l ng n s uie
a r t Na gaorofteSe s t De e tflan hihi h d.Ld. t! 6, DE 7a 1.Onta
boad he vi t
h a ,he c den el d t s ea l a ! 7;
tJ
ht
dae,h s pwasi Co me, e c fom 1 00a. uni7: p. a ote wiea s a ( 7-1
t te hi
n zu lM xio r 0: m. tl 00 m. nd h r s t e .DE 1.
Pl ntf cont t tafert D ecedentf l s tpr pty'caled f ass sance becaus alhought
ai if ends ha t he
el, he t om l ' l or i t
e t
he
De ed ntwa c cius hec dn sa onhi o ( 1a !7jPl niff t rmanti ta
c e
s ons o , oul ot tnd
s wn.DE t . aitf urhe i ans h t
cr s s p per onnelar i and lfed t Decedenti o a wheel rw ihoutt ng tnotce oft
uie hi
s
rved
i t he
nt
chai t
aki l i
he
t e, xe ta naur'oft De e ntsij y.f a !8 . ai ifa r t theDe d ntwa t n
yp e tn, nd t e' he c de ' nur (#.t 1Pl ntf ves ha t ce e s he
t
aken t t onboar m edi f lteswher hew ass by a physi an,fted w ih a neck br s
o he
d
cal aciii
e
een
ci it
t
ace, ent
ba kt hi s t,a t dt rt nt f l n mor ngf af lw-p.Ld. t!!9 1 .Pl nif
c o s uie nd ol o eur he olowig ni or olo u l a
, 01 aitf
sae ta frt rmai er t ti t Dec de twasc iedt hi s t a ex inc dpai Vd.
tts h t o he e nd ofhe rp,he e n
onfn o s uie nd pere e n.
a !11.
t 1
OnFe u r 1 ,201 ,t Na gaorofteSe swa a sa.DE 7-q 0nFe u y 1 ,20l1
bray 6 1 he vi t
h a s te (
1.
brar 7
,
t s prt ne t Fo t uded e Flrda.f ) Pl nifc e t ts atrdie r ng t
he hi eur d o r La ral, o i (#.. aitf ontnds ha oon fe smbaki ,he
De e nt peinc ditnsf ngpai a we t t emeg c r
c de ex re e ne iyi
n nd nto he ren y oom.( 1a !1 . De d nt
DE t 21The ce e
wa a mitdt t hos t o Febuay1 201l Ld.t 1 . antfcl mst t l i t hos t
s d te o he pial n r r 8, .l a ! 41Pli if ai ha whie n he pial
Pl ntf x-a a aCT s a t trve l afa t e ne k.Vd. t!1 1Pl nifalg ta te
ai ifhad rys nd
c n ha e aed rcurd c
a 3 . aitf le es h t h
De e n ' c tonb ant dee irt a a t bei i t I hedidonMarhl 2011 Ld.
c de ts ondii eg o troae nd fer ng n he CU, e
c 3, .l
a ! 1 DE 7a 21
t 6;
t .
z ai ifha notfld ar pons t t i tntm otonandt tm ef doi s haspa s d. Ass t
pl ntf s
ie es e o he nsa
i
he i or ng o
se
uch,he
bac o i de iedfom t Compl ntandDefnda ' m oton.A ss tf t f l beow,f t pur esof
kgr und s rv r he
ai
e nts i
e orh uly l or he pos
r s vi t is sr ie i Defnda ' m oton,her a enodiputd is sofm ae ilfc .
e ol ng he s ue as d n e nts i t e r
s e sue
tra a t
2
Theeatr Pli ifs dRCCL.Plitf maiti t ttlj ar ul o RCCL' fiur t
r fe, antf ue
anif nans ha ias es t f
S al e o
pr rytanissr ns e oy sa a nt,(heDe e nt s frdabr enne whe RCCL
opel ri t eva t, mpl ee nd ge s t
c de ) ufee
ok ck n
e o esmiha e hi atrhi fl i hi s t Asadie trs toft aoe ton d ij is
mplye s ndld m fe s aln s uie.
rc e ul he frmeni e nure
s t ne RCCL' ne i nc ca e te wr gf de t ofgheDec de ) ( 1a ! 21221
usai d,
S glge e usd h on ul ah t
e nt. DE t ! - .
Dee an ha move f s mmayj men c e ngt tDOHSA g ensPl nirs ongul ah
fnd t s
d or u r udg t ontndi ha
ov r aitf wr f det
c ai a a s c s c notr c rn pe uni r da a s a a b nc t i li r uie
l m nd, s u h, he an
e ove on- c a y m ge nd e h r a s eq r d.
I DISCU SSI N
I.
O
A. LegalSt
andard
S mmay u g n ia po rae e ih la n sd p sto sa s rt itro ao is
u r j d me ts p rp it wh n t epe dig , e o iin , n wes o ner g tr ,
t
e
and adm isi on fl t t w ih t afi t i any,show t t e i no genui is ast any
s ons ie, oge her t he fdavis, f
hat her s
ne s ue o
maei fc a t themo ngpat ie ildt aj me ta amat o lw. Andes nv fi ry
trala t nd ha t vi ry s ntte o udg n s ter fa '
' ro . bet
Lobb I .477 U. 2 2 ( 986) Onc t movi pa t d nsr t t a e eofage n
y, nc,
S. 42, 47 1 . e he
ng ry emo taes he bs nc
nuie
i ue ofm at i f ,t non- ovi pary m us icome f war w ih S pecii f ss i hatt e
ss
eral act he
m ng t
ti
or d t s fc act how ngt her
i a genui isue f t i .' M at
s
ne s or ral''
sushia El l .Co.v.Zenih Radi Cor ,475 U . 574,587
t ec. ndus
t
o p.
S.
( 986 ( otn Fed.R.Ci P.56 e ) Th Cou tmus viw t r c d a al f cua i e e e
1 ) qu ig
v.
( ). e r
t e he e or nd l a t l nf r nc s
t efom i t Ightm os f abl t t non- ovi pary and deci w het çlhe evi
her r n he i
t avor e o he
m ng t
de
her Et
dence
pr e t as fcin dia e me t rquies s int aj r orwhehe ii s o -i dt ton
esns ufi e t sgre nto e r ubmiso o uy
t r ts o nesde ha e
p rymus prval samat ofIw.'Alenv T onFood , n ,1 lF. 642, ( lhCi.1
a t t e ia
ter a '' l . ys
s I c. 2 3d
646 1 t r 997)
( igAnde s 477U. a 251 5 )
quotn
r on,
S. t - 2).
B. A pplcabiiy ofD O H SA
i lt
Def
endantar
guest D OH SA gover Pl ntf sw r uldeat cl m becaus t aleged
hat
ns ai if' ongf
h ai
e he l
wr ul csoc ure eihe i i enainal t sori tetrioral t sofMe c ( 7a 361
ongf a t c rd t rn ntr to waer n h ert i waer
xio.DE t - .
DOHS pr de ,i p tne tpar,ha:Swlent d t ofa idi dualsc us dbywr gf a t
A ovi s n eri n tt t s h he eah n n vi i a e
l
on ul c,
3
negl ,or def toccur i on t hi seas be
ect
aul
rng
he gh
yond 3 nautcalm ies f om t s e oft U nied
i
l r he hor
he t
St es,t per
at he sonalr ts atve oft decedentm ay bri a ci la i i adm i t agai tt
epr tnt i
he
ng vi cton n
raly
ns he
per orves r ponsbl The ac i shal be f t excl i beneftoft decedent sspous
son
sel es i e.
ton
l or he
usve
i he
'
e,
p en, hid, de de rltve. 46U. C. 303 Asaprlmiar matr ii wel-ele t t
ar tc l or pen nt eai '
'
S. j 02.
ei n y te,ts lstld ha
wher D OHSA apples i pr pt al ot f m s ofwr uldeat cl m sunder St e or gener
e
i , t eem s l her or
ongf
h ai
at
al
martme lw. Dooly v.Kor anAi Lie Co. 4 U. 11 1 (998)( di t tDOHSA
ii a
e
e
r n s ,52 S. 6, 23 1
hol ng ha
pre ss viala tonunde ge r maii lw) O hor Logitc I .v T lntr 47 U.
e mpt ur v ci
r neal rtme a ; fj e sis nc . ale ie, 7 S.
2 2 ( 98 (i ngta DOHSA prempt c lci saewrngf d t sauts;For v
07, 27 1 6) fndi h t
e s ontitng tt o ul eah tt e ) d .
Wo en, 1F. 71 71 ( lhCi.1 2)(d r ac us ofa tone ssf wr gf de t un r
ot 68 2d 2, 6 1 t r 98 dWhee a e ci xit or on ul ah de
(
DOHSAInoad to a to e ssunde tefdealmaii lw f wr gf de t '.
, diinal cin xit
r h e r rtme a or on ul ah'
)
M or
eover $a caus ofacton underDOH SA accr att tm e and pl wher an alegedl
,$
e
i
ues he i
ace
e
l
y
wr f a toro si wasc ummatd i anacua ij y,nota tepoi wh r prvi or
ongul c mison
ons
e n
t l nur
t h nt ee e ous
s bs q nt glge eale dl oc ured. Bal han rv NCL,8 F. pp. l1 6,1 ( D. a.
u e ue ne i nc lge y c r ' ac de .
'
00 su zd 9 201 S. Fl
201 )( tn Mo rv Re r, F. pp.6 6 ( D. a.l 6) Pu a he wa igl rg t
1 ciig ye . de i645 su 20, 27 S. Fl 98 . t not r y,dthe ihto
r
ecoverf deat dependsupon t l oft pl oft actorom i i t caused i and notu
or h
he aw
he ace he
sson hat
t
pon
t o h pl ewheet de hoc re ' Mo r 6 F. pp. t627( ig Van ouv rS. Co.
hatfte ac
r he at cu rd. ye , 45 su a
'
quotn
c e S.
Lt v Rie, U. 445, 47( 933 .ciainsomitd)(mpha i a de .Furhe,ttheprvalng
d. . c 288 S. 4 1 )( tto
te e
ss d d) t rEgl e ii
r e i t sCicui ...i t tm artm e i dent occur i w ihi t t rt i wat soff ei s at
ul n hi r t s ha
ii nci s
rng t n he er ioral er or gn t es
f lwihi t a tofDOHSA. sfye v 6 F. p. t6 ( tngSanc zv. ojandBr s Co.
al t n he mbi
' o r , 45 sup a 23 cii
'
he f fl
o. ,
6 F. 1 (t Ci.1 0).Hee alhou De e ntsde t o ure onIndonemonha rt
26 2d 228 5h r 98 ) r, t gh c de ' ah cc rd a
t he he
Decedentdiem bar f om t s p,DOH SA applesbecausei i undiput t Def
s
ked r he hi
i
ts
s ed hat endantalegedl
l
y
br
eached isdut ofcar w hen isem pl
t y
e
t
oyeeslft t D ecedenti o a wheel rand t port hi
i ed he
nt
chai
rans ed m
t t onboar m tdi f ltes. W hen t e actons occur ed, t s p vv i eiher s4exi s
o ht
d
cal aciii
hes
i
r he hi as n t
co'
4
triora waesori itr tona waes L 7- 1
ert il tr n nenai l tr.DE 1.
a.Dam ages
Def
endantar
guest
hatbecaus D OH SA gover Pl ntf cl m , ai ifm aynotr
e
ns ai irs ai pl ntf
ecovtrnon-
pe uni r da a s The Cour ag e . DOH SA pr vi t t r c ve y u r i ( ha lbe a f i
c a y m ge .
t r es
o des ha e o r nde t C l
s
ar
c nsto ortepec nir l ss ti db hei vi sf whos be it a to i boug .
ompe ain/ h u ay os usane yt ndi dual or e nefthe cin s r ht
The cour s lappori t r
t hal
ton he ecover am ong t i vi s i pr ton t t l s each has
y
he ndi dual n opori o he os
s t n d. 46U. C.j3
usaie '
'
S.
0303.(mpha i ad d) orove,t sci ofDOHSA ta a i t
e
ss de .M e r he e ton
h t pples o
c
ommeci a ai a ci nspr d f r ov yofno pe unir da ge .46U. C.j3030
r al viton c de t ovies or ec er
n- c ay ma s
S.
7.
Acc r ngl i Cong e si t nd d t p ovi s h da ag f o h t pesofa ci en sunde DOH SA,
o di y, f
r s n e e o r de uc m es or t er y
c d t
r
i coul havedoneso.Thus, OH SA doesnotper i Pl ntf o r
t d
D
m t ai ift ecover nony
pecuni ydamages.See
ar
Sanc z 626 F. a 1 0 (I
he ,
2d t 23 I
DOHSA s cii ly lm isr c r bl da ge t t e pe u ar i
pe fca l i t e ove a e ma s o hos c ni y n
naur'; dlyv. , 0U. DitLEXI 1 25 a *8*9( D. a Oco r1 ,201 (a )
t e' Ri e NCL 201 S. s.
)
S 090 , t - S. Fl. tbe 3 0) sme;
Pekisv Oterhaw I e t s Lt.2005U. Dit LEXI 31 67,a 1 ( D. a. ptmb r30,
r n . t s nv sment, d,
S. s.
S 0 t 4 S. Fl Se e e
20 (a )
05)sme.
b.Tri
al
Las l D ef
ty, endantm ai ai t becaus D OH SA pr desexcl i y f an adm ialy caus
nt ns hat
e
ovi
usvel or
rt
e
o a to DOHSA a tonsaes be tonl t be htil a a s h,Pli ifha norg t aj y
f cin,
ci r u jc y o nc ras nd, s uc antf s ihto ur
til( 7a 781 Def da ' ar ntrssont asumptont tur til ar pr bie i al
ra.DE t - . en nts gume et he s i ha j y ras e ohi td n l
adm ialy actons. The l i t sar i m ur and r lect cont ctng vi son t si ue.H ow ever,
rt i
aw n hi ea s ky
et j li i ew
hi ss
t weg o a t iynotdbeo s porsDef da ' postonta Pli ifi no e ildt aj y
he iht f uhort e lw up t en nts ii h t antf s t ntte o ur
t i on herDOH SA cl m .
ral
ai
Th Su e Co t sf ndt twhiet Se nhAme
e prme ur ha ou ha l he ve t
ndme do no rquiej yti s
nt es t e r ur ral
i adm ialy cas ,i does not f bi t
n
rt
es t
or d hem and neiherdoes any ot s at e or Rul ofPr
t
her t ut
e
ocedur
e.
5
Fiz al v.Unie St e Li sCo.37 U. 1 20(963 .l ee DOHSA i sln ast whehe
tger d
td ats ne , 4 S. 6, 1 ) nd d,
s ie t o t r
i p r t j r til. Ass c ,sal o g Co r s plc d fd rl u idcin u d rDOHS i
t tmi u y ras
s
u h S l h u h nge s a e e ea j rs ito n e
lt
A n
a rly,t ti no e ht e tbls t tii e dt tj r ti swoul n e beav lbl f
dmiat ha s t noug o sa ih ha t ntnde ha uy ral
d ev r
aia e or
DOHSA cams' I ReKor nAi Li sDia tro pt r1 1 7 F. p.11 5,11
li .' n
ea r ne s se fse embe , 983, 04 sup 3 53
( D. 1 8)(ii 59 Co Re 4485 ( 9 (e ksofRe Volta (
D. C. 98 ctng
ng. c.
1 20) rmar
p. se d) DOHSA doe n
s ot
prcldeus of ur ti si al s )( ttonsomitdl.
e u e j y ral n lcaes ciai
te )
Howe r ia ast tfd a c t ha pemitdj yti si c ssi vi DOHSA
ve,t ppe r ha e erl ours ve r te ur ral n ae nvol ng
cl m si onl t o siuatons.Fis ,i,i addii t aD OHSA cl m , hepl ntf alo as ert anot
ai n y w t i
rt f n
ton o
ai t
ai if s s s her
cli t tc risargh t aj yti an b hcai aieo oft s meta a tonoro curnc ,
am ha are i t o ur ral d ot l ms rs ut he a rnsci
c re e
t nalcli mus beti byaj y.Se Pe evFi goIl
he l ams t red
ur e ac . dal sandpac i Co.41 F. 371 37 ( h
kng , 9 2d , 2 9t
Ci.1 9)(i nge ilmen t ur ti wheet pl nifas re aJ sAc cai whihc ri
r 96 fndi ntte toj y ral r he aitf setd one t l m, c ares
argh t aj ytilan aDOHSA cl mlI ReKo e AiLi sDiase o ptmb r1 1 70
i to ur ra, d
ai ;n
r an r ne s tr fse e e , 983, 4
F. pp. t11 2- ( di t tDOHSA cli a wr f de t cli br gh und t Wasw
Su a 5 53 hol ng ha
ams nd ongul ah ams ou t erhe ra
Con nton,whihcare arg t aj ytil mus betid t ehe b aj r ;I ReAi Cr s
ve i
c ris iht o ur ra, t re og t r y uy) n
r ah
Dia trNe Honol u, wai,onFeb u y 2 19 ,78 F.
s se ar
ul Ha i
r ar 4, 89 3 supp.1 ,1 - ( D. .1 92)
261 26566 N. Cal 9
(a ) Re St T n drTr poratonCo. * fn Gint'5 F.Su 36 37 75( D. Y.
sme ; d ar owig
ans t i
v. * ig a n 52
s
'
pp. 7, 4- S. N.
1 2)(
98 DOHSA cam a ai to d en nta J sAc cli ag ns a t rt t rma betid
li g ns ne ef da nd one t am ai t no he ogehe y re
t t rb aj y; e aloFiz r d, 74U. a 21( di t tmaitna ean c r cai oi d
ogehe y ur)s e s tgeal 3 S. t hol ng ha ne nc d ue l mj ne
wihJ sAc cai mus bohbes tedt tej y) l t isa c s , antf' cai i s ey
t one t l m t t ubmit o h ur . n he n tnt a e Pli ifs l m s oll
p s a t DOHSA and,ss h, re ilme t aj ytil a beg o di ac c rn cai
uru nto
a uc he ntte nto ur ra c nnot r unde n on ure t l m
t trquiesaj yti .
ha e r ur ral
Thes c t or onwhihc t ha pemitdj ytil iwhee i a tont as ri
e ond he y
c ours ve r te ur ras s r,n ddii o setng
aDOHSA cli apli ifas a srsa t rcl m ta doe n ne e srl enil he t aj r ral
am, antf lo se t nohe ai h t s ot c saiy tte ro uyti ,
6
b th tn o e tec u t diestj rs ito .k ln i d Gu tv d r sI c v Elema Ln s
u t a iv k s h o r' v ri u idcin nAt tc r fse e o e,n .. lr n ie,
s
y
a
Lt , U. 35 360(962) teSuprmeCourf d,el n o t s vigst s t sclus o 28
d.369 S. 5, 1 , h
e
toun r yig n he a n o uior a e f
U. C. 33 3ta ç s tfrbea hofamaii c ta twhieima bebr hti a rly, y
S. jl 3, h t( ui o r c
a
rtme onrc, l t y
oug n dmiat ma
as bep s di a or nayci latonsnc . .ti as ti ronam ...W h e t ss t(s i
lo urue n n di r vi ci i e . i s ui npe s
l erj hi ui i) n
t fdea c t b raonofdieriyo ctz ns p(t c ridwihi,o c re tergh t til
he e rl ours y e s
v st f iie hi i) are t t f ous ,h i t o ra by
j y. Rel n p i rl o t svi t s t sca ea Atantcd:Gul ev do e,I ,fd r
ur ' yig rmaiy n he a ngs o uior lus nd l i
'
fst e r s nc. e eal
c u th v f u dt a panif aee t ldt uytil o ter
o rs a e o n h t litfs r ni e oj r ras n h iDOHS camso tego n ta a
t
A li n h ru d h t n
i pe ntba i e ssfrj iditonf t i DOHSA cl msa i fom a r t,s cfcal
nde nde ss xit o urs ci or her
ai sde r dmialy pe ii ly
dieriyj iditon. I apl nifi est di riyj iditonoft c ta se mo y
v st urs ci f aitf nvok he vest urs ci
he our nd e ks ne
da g ,t c r ma e ciedi riyj iditont he rt pl nifsi pe s
ma es he ou t y xer s vest urs ci o a he aitf' n ronam maii
rtme
camst ee y e ttigpani st aj r til T z rv fTV Copo a in 1 8 U. Dit LEXI
li h rb nil litf o u y ra . o e .
n
f
r r t , 9 3 S. s.
o
S
1 641 a *1 *1 ( Md.1 3)( di t tpl nif weee tte t aj r tilont rfd r
6 , t 7- 9 D.
98 hol ng ha aitfs r nild o uy ra hei e eal
DOHSA a ge rl ii cams(ve t ghaltt lw cli ha be ndimisd)wheet y
nd nea martme li e n hou lsae a ams d e s se
r he
i ke tec tsdi riyj rs cina elce t mant nt ra tonçorda ge a lw wih
nvo d h our' vest u idito nd e td o i ai hei ci s ma s ta t
f
argh o ti b ur' ; aor v S/ GolenGat,687F. p. 481 . Cal1 )( ri
i t f ral yj y' Fav l o . S d
)
e
Sup 475, @ D. . 987 pates
e tte t j yonDOHSA cai wher t r i di riyj rs ci ) s I ReKor Ai Li s
nild o ur
l ms
e hee s vest u iditon ; ee n
ean r ne
Dia tro pt r1 1 3, F. p.tl1 6( s sn t tt c s 1w hol n t tadi riy
s se fse embe , 98 704 sup a 5 dicusig ha he a e a dig ha ve st
pli ifase tnga l pes am ge rlmaii cai i e tte t aj yti s ul bea idt
antf sri n ' ron
n
nea rtme l m s nild o ur ral ho d pple o
di siy pl ntfsas ertng i sonam D OH SA cl m sbecaus concept s asw ilulm iconduct
ver t ai if s i nper
ai
e
s uch
lf
s
aeta to l c i r byj is; e aloGrenv. s ,3 F.
r rdiinaly onsdeed ure) s e s e Ro s 38 supp.365,367( D. a 1 72)
S. Fl. 9
(ti ngde df j ytilwheewr uld aha to a ii fom abra ofmaii dui ,
srki man orur ra r ongf e t cin, rsng r
e ch
rtme tes
3 es vn st s i r ca s p o i sta tth dsrc c ut s al v oiiaj rsito , x lsv
Th a ig o ut s lue r vde h tç) e itit o rs h lha e rgn lu idcin e cu ie
o
(
o tec u t o teSae, f ()An cvl aeof d rl o ma imej rs ito , a n t s tr i al ae
fh o rs fh tts o : 1 y iic s a miat r rt u idcin svig o ui s n lc s s
y
i
o
al te rme is t whihte aeoh r s e tte '2 U.. j 3 .
loh r e de,o c h y r tewie ni d. 8 SC. 1 33
l '
7
wa bo g t n e tec u ts d r l j rs ito a dpanif i n t l g dv ri o ctz n hp
s r u h u d rh o r' a mi t u idcin n litf dd o al e iest f iie s i
ay
e
y
orasaut ybassf aj yti )
tt or i or ur ral.
Defnda mant nst tt r i noide nde ba i f di riyj iditonh r be a e
e nt i ai ha hee s n pe nt ss or vest urs ci ee c us
Pl nifss ecai i g r dbyDOHS ( 7a f 3)Se Ma rv Cor el Uniesi 9 F.
aitf' ol l m s ovene
A.DE t n. . e ye . n l v r t 09
y
Sup 81 8 8 ( D. Y. 995 ( ai ifno e tte oj ywheeh onl e i ngc e ofaton
p. , 5-6 N. N. 1 ) pl ntf t nildt ur
r er yrmani auss ci
wer underDOH SA and gener m arii e l and,assuch,she coul noti
e
al tm aw
d
nvoke t cour' di siy
he
ts ver t
j idito ; idmanv. t bihi rr. 1 ' I .678F. p.1 1 66, 5( D. Y.1 8)
urs cin)Fre
Misu s Aica ntl nc,
p ,
Sup 064, 0 n. S. N. 98
(i ngt a E heexit n of. . ve st o ctz ns p,c n l dt no dif r ntr s t atlas ast
fndi h t d
t
se ce . di r iy f iie hi a ea o
fe e e ul, e t o
t w r ul deat cl m s. D i st of cii hi cr es onl an addii
he ongf
h ai
ver iy
tzens p eat
y
tonal basi f f al
s or eder
j idito ido no e aget paa t sofhes tni rme upo whihacl m iba e '.
urs cin;t es t nlr he rmeer t ubsa tve e dy n c ai s s dh
)
I teCompl n, aitf ivoke o ytedieriyj rs ci ofheCou t Spe fc ly,healge
nh
aitPl nifn s nl h v st u iditon t
r. ciial s le s
t th rda g a e i exc s of$7 000 a t ts i a r i ntofFlrd t De e ntwasa
ha e ma es r n e s
5,
nd ha he s esde
o ia, he c de
r i ntofFl i ,a Def da i af egncoporton.DE 1a !!13.Pli ifhasas ma a
esde
orda nd en nt s ori r ai (
t - j antf
lo de
d n f aj yti .DE 1a 5.Plitf ha no i edt Cour' a r t urs ci pus a
ema d or ur ral(
t ) anif s tnvok he ts dmial iditon ru nt
yj
t 28U. C. 333n h s sae t tt si a a rlyorma ii mat und rFe R. v.
o
S. 51 or as he ttd ha hi s n dmiat
rtme ter e d. Ci P.
9 h)
(.
Even s Pl ntf as t asi e cl m f wr uldeat w hi i gover by D OH SA ;she
o, ai if sers ngl ai or ongf
h, ch s
ned
hasnotaleged any ot cl m s. A lhough t Supr e Cour hasr
l
her ai
t
he
em
t
ecogni t f alcoursm ay
zed hat eder
t
sta di riyc rsi a yi t g neal rtmelw,Atantc& Gufstve r s I .369U.
i s vest ou t n ppl ng he e r ma ii a
l i
l e do e, nc,
S.
at360,t e i no bi ng pr
her s
ndi
ecedentt s
o uppor t t m ay do so i appl ng DOH SA,a f al
t hat hey
n
yi
eder
saut Thus wih a ide nde tbai f die st j idito a / aco ure tcam t t
tt e. , tout n n pe n ss or v riy urs cin ndor nc rn li ha
e ilsPl nift aj r ti ,Pli ifi no s e tte Ass c teCo twilgr tDefnda ts
ntte aitf o uy ral antf s t o nild. u h, h ur l an e n'
moto a de Pli ifaj ytil
in nd ny antf ur ra.
8
1 .CO N CLU SIO N
11
For t r ons s f t above,Def
he eas
et orh
endants M oton f Sum m ar Judgm ent i gr ed.
'
i or
y
s ant
Accor ngl i i
di y, t s
ORD ERED THAT
()Dee a ' Moi f SummayJ
1 fnd nts ton or
r udgme ti GM NTED.( 7)
n s
DE .
( Th De t onteHi Se sAc (t
2) e ah h gh a t t
DOHSA' g r Pli ifscli
' ovens antf' am.
)
( Purua tt DOHSA, antf i note ildt rc rn pe unir da ge .
3) s n o
Pli if s ntte o e ove on- c ay ma s
( Und DOHSA,Pl nifi no e tte t aj r ti .
4) er
aitf s t nild o uy ral
( Th He rngstf Fe uay7, 2i c nc ld.
5) e ai e or br r 201 s a ele
P
DO adORDE Di MimiFoiao ti G o Fbur, 02
NE n
RE n a , lr n hs
d
f eray2 1
UNI S
TED TXTESDl TRl J
s cT UDGE
cc:H onor e Andr M .Si on
abl
ea
mont
CounselofRecor
d
9
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