Palmat International, Inc.,et al v Attorney General of the United States of America

Filing 41

ORDER GRANTING RESPONDENT'S MOTION TO DISMISS 27 . Signed by Judge Patricia A. Seitz on 2/14/2013. (lbc)

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UM TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT SO U TH ER N D I STR I T O F FLO R I A C D CASE NO.1220229- V- TZ/ M ONTON CI SEI SI PM M AT I NTERNATI ONAL, NC. a l , nd ROBERTO W ELLI SCH , Pe ii ne s tto r , ERI H . C HOLDER,Ator y Ge r l t ne ne a oft Unie St t sofAme ia, he t d a e rc Res ponde . nt O R DER G R AN TI G R ESPO ND EN T' M O TI N TO DI I N S O SM SS THI M AW ER i be or t Cour on Res S s f e he t ponde ErcH . de ' M o i n t Dim is nt i Hol r s to o s s Peii ne s Pe ii f W rtofM a mus Deca aor J tto r ' tton or i nda , lr t y udgme ,a Vi ai of nt nd ol ton ns e t he nmentof Admi srtvePr e eAc ( 271 Thi cas concer ar ques by t gover nitai oc dur t DE- . s e Ar en i f t ba ac ountr c dsofPeii s Pa ma l e na i , nc. Ro ro g tna or he nk c e or ttoner , l t nt r tonal l and be t W els h Pama' mao i s a e od r Th r q s, d p rua t oaM uua Le a l c , l ts j rt h r h le . e e uet ma e u s n t i y t l gl As it nc Tr ay be wee Ar entnaa t Unied St t s c er Pe ii r 'a oun sa ssa e e t t n g i nd he t a e , onc ns ttone s cc t t Re onsBa Peii saleg t tt r ea e oft si or ton wilvi aet i i e e ti gi nk. ttoner l e ha he el s hi nf ma i l ol t he r nt r s n a di t dicl ur ofc i nta i or ai a m ant i ng t rpe s la f isprva e voi ng he s os e onfde i l nf m ton nd i ani hei r ona far i t pur ua t t Fit a Foure t Ame e soft U. Consiuton. Pe ii r s e s nt o he fh nd ten h ndm nt he S. tt i ttone s e k ij tvea de aaor r i unde t W rtofMa mus 28U. C.j 1 ,heDe aaor nunci nd clrt y elef r he i nda , S. 361 t clrt y J udgme Ac,28U. C.j 22012202, ndt Admi srtvePr edur Ac,5U. C.j701e nt t S. j a he nitai oc e t S. t s q. The e f c oft s r le w oul be t i pede t e uton ofAr tna' r e f e t hi e i f d om he xec i gen i s eque tf t s or he ba rco ds TheGove nk e r . mmentmo dt dimisf f l et saeacai a lc ofs j t ve o s s or aiur o tt l m nd a k ubec matr mi dcinpls a t oRue 1 ( )1 a 1 ( )6 o teF d rl lso Cii te j s ito t u n t ls 2 b ( ) nd 2 b ( ) f h e ea Rue f v l r P o e u e Ba e o ar ve o temoint d s s , tto es r s o s @ 2 )t e r c d r . s d n e iw f h to o imis Pei n r' e p n e DE- 8 ,h i Go e n ' r py g 3 ) a wel st rc r a dt a p ia elw,h sc s i d s se v mme ts e l DE- 3 , s la he e o d n he p lc bl a t i a e s imis d wihp eu ieb c u ePeiinesd no h v ac n z b ec nsi to a rg t nd rt eFit t rj d c e a s t o r o t a e og ia l o t u in l ih u e h fh t t Ame e ove fna i lr or hed by at r pa t ba ndm nt r i nc a ec ds l hid- ry nk. 1. Fact B ackground ual The f l i f c s a e t ke f om t Pe ii n unl s ot r s not d. Pal a i a olow ng a t r a n r he tt o es he wi e e m ts Fl rdac por ton wih isprnci lplceofbusnes i Fl i W elich i a f ein i sor o i or a i t t i pa a i s n orda. ls s or g nve t a P l tsmao i so k od r l 2 0, g n ia sM iityo Fo eg Afar is e nd ama' j rt tc h le . n 01 Ar e tn ' nsr f rin fis s u d y s ver lr ques st t U . De rm e ofJ tc f t pr e a e t o he S. pa t nt us i e or he oduc i ofPe ii s fna i l ton ttoner ' i nc a r or f ba a c shel i t Unie St t s Ther sswer madea pa tofa ec ds or nk c ount d n he t d a e . eque t e s r n ongoi c i i li tga i s e m i f o a l ga i t tPa m a ,al wih ot ng rm na nves i ton t m ng r m le tons ha l t ong t her co pa es pai brbest A r ntne gove n e of i al i c m ni , d i o ge i r m nt fci s n onnec i w ih t s l of ton t he a e ag i ulur le pm e t t Ve uel n gove m e .A r ntna r ue t d t fna i r c ds r c t a qui nt o he nez a m nt ge i eq s e he i nc al e or unde t U . - ge i Tr a y on M ut Le A s i t e i Crm i lM a t sbe w e n r he s.Ar ntna e t ual gal s sanc n i na ter t e A r e i a t U nie St t s s gne on D e e be 4,1 g ntna nd he t d a e , i d c m r 990. Se Tr a y Be w e n t 1 e e t t e he G o r e oft Unie St t ofAm e i a t G ove n en oft Re ve nm nt he t d a es rca nd he r m t he publc ofA r en i i g tna on M ut lLeg A s it nc i Cr m i M a t r ,Si ne a Bue A ie on D e 4,1 ua al s s a e n i nal te s g d t nos r s c. 990,S. ' M ut las i t e t e te s h ast M LAT a i s he e have bec e i r as ngl ua s sanc r a i s uc he t s ue r om nc e i y c m o i r c dec desasa t t f c lt t l galpr ee ngsi vi f ei pa te or om n n e ent a ool o a iia e e oc di nvol ng or gn r i s e de e. G e r l t e a e m e st ovi f bia e a ,m ut la s s a e i t ga he i vi nc ne aly, hes gr e nt f pr de or l t r l ua s i t nc n he t r ng of l ga e de f us by t r que tng s a e i c i i li s i tonsa pr e di . I e l vi nce or e he e s i t t n r m na nve tga i nd oc e ngs' n ' r Pr s sLoc e at840140hWve NE,Belv ,Was , F. 557,56 (t Ci. 1 . e emie atd t . le ue h.634 3d 4 9h r 201 ) 2 Tr ayDo . .1 2 1 ( 9 )( een fe ç LAT' . e t c No 0 - 8 1 91 h r ia tr 1 M '2 ) Ac o dn t Peiin r,h Ato n yGe ea rj ce Ar e tn ' iiil e u s o te c r ig o tto es te tr e n r l ee td g n ias nta rq e t n h g ounds t tS twasnots cii a t t c i e pr um ptve y b ng i s i a e a di not r ha l i pe fc s o he rm es i l ei nve tg t d nd d sat how t pr ton oft r quese doc e swoul adva e t c i na i si a i te he oduc i he e t d um nt d nc he rmi l nve tg ton tki pl ei Ar ntna. Pe.! 1 a ng ac n ge i ' t, 3.Thee tr af r dititcour a ntda Asitnt ' rafe, edeal src t ppoi e n ssa Unie St t sAtor y a c t d a e t ne s omm iso rt as iti obt i ngt r se doc nt .The s i ne o ss n ani he eque t d ume s c m i s one i s d a s om s i r s ue ubpoena t Regi B a de a ng t pr o ons nk, m ndi he oduc i n o Pa m a ' a t o f l t s nd W e ls h' ba a ountr or . Pe ii r as e t ha t Gove me ha notye pr de lic s nk cc ec ds ttone s s r t t he m nt s t ovi d t s doc e s t A r ntna. On t f ce oft Pe ii how e r i i unc e rwhe he t he e um nt o ge i he a he tton, ve , t s l a t r he s ubpoe e doc na d ument ha be n pr s ve e oduce t t Gove m e orr m an wih Re onsBa d o he nz nt e i t gi nk. Peiin r fldat rec u t eiins e n ij nci a d caao yr l f n e t e t o e s ie h e -o n p tto e kig nu t nd e lrt r ei u d r h t ve e W rtofM a mus 28U. C.j 1 ( i nda , S. 361 Count1,t Decart yJ ) he l aor udgme Act28U. C.jj nt , S. 22012202( Count1) a t Admi srtvePr dur Ac,5U. C.j7 ets q.( 1, nd he nitai oce e t S. 01 e Count11. 1) Peii scli t tt Gove n e ' e uton ofAr ntna' r ss- he e,t pr ton ttoner am ha he r m nts xec i ge i s eque t r he oduc i offna a r or t t gove n entofAr i a pa tofa On- ng c i i i tga i i nci l ec ds o he rm gentna s r n goi r m nal nves i ton 2Pur ua t t Aril loft M LAT,e c c r i oblga e t g veas it nc , s nt o he tc e he a h ounty s i t d o i ssa e i l ng ç ovi ng doc e s r c ds a a tces'i col e ton wih ongoi c i nal nc udi ' di pr um nt, e or , nd ri l , n m c i ' t ng rmi i si tonsa pr e ngsi t r si sae.MLAT,Ar.1 j2..Aril Ipr de nvetgai nd oce di n he eque tng tt t , a tce ovi s t tt teay d si t nded s ey f mut llgalas itnc be we n t Pa tes' S halno ha he r t t n e i oll or ua e ssa e t e he ri 'and ç l t s gi rs t arghto t pa tofa prva eperon t obt n, uppr s ore udean evi nce, ve ie o i n he r ny i t s o ai s es , xcl y de ort i det e utonofar uet' 1 , .,j4.TheAto ne Ge rloft Unie o mpe he xec i eq s.' d.Art1 tr y nea he td St t ,S rt pe s de i t d by hi ,' st Ce r lA ut iy r po i e f m a ng a a es t he r ons s gna e o m ' i he nta hort es nsbl or ki nd rc vi rquesspurua t t Trat f ,Ar.I j2.TheAto ne Ge rlma ptrua e ei ng e t s nt o he e y. #. tI, tr y nea y, ls nt t 1 U. C.j3512,akadititcour t çis s hor r asma benec s ayt e ut a o 8 S. s src t o ûsue uc de s y e s r o xec e r ques fom a f e gn a hor t f a s s a i t i s i a i n o pr e uton ofc i i e tr or i ut iy or s i t nce n he nve t g t o r os c i rm nal ofe es' 1 U. C.j351 a( ) l e csngt sa hort aditi cour ma a nta fns . 8 S. ' 2()1 . n xerii hi ut iy, srct t y ppoi pe s ço die t.t pr to ofdoc r on t r c ..he oduc i n t umen s'i l ng by is ng or r ç eq rng t t ,'ncudi s ui de s t uii he r a rnc ofapes ort pr uci ofdoc nt orot rt ngs orbot ' 18U. C.j ppeaa e ron, he od ton ume s he hi , h. ' S. 351 b)1,( . 2( ( ) 2) - woul vi l t Pe ii r c tt i li er ssi t ba r c dsunde t Fi a d o ae ttone s' onsiutona nt e t n he nk e or r he qh nd Foure t Am e ttn h ndm e soft U . Cons im i n. Spe ii aly,Pe ii ne s c e t tt nt he S. tt o cfc l tt o r ont nd ha he r c ds i r e s d, l bem a a ia et t publc.Peii r a s r t t% heGove nme e or , f ela e wil de val bl o he i ttone s s e t ha ç t r nt ofAr ntna ha m a publc a lt i or a i t ti hasbe a e t c pie r a di ge i s de i l he nf m ton ha t en bl o om l eg r ng Pe ii r , a t ti C ilm os lke y m a publc a ba r c d' obt i d pur uan t t ttone s ' nd ha t ç l ' w ti l ke i ny nk e or ' a ne s t o he M LAT s ubpoe is dt RegonsBank.f , 1 Peii r f t alget tsvea ne na sue o i #.! 5. ttone s urher le ha e rl ws oute si Ar ntna ha publs d a tc esdicl i de a l a l t n ge i ve i he ri l s os ng t is boutt bank a count , i udi he c s ncl ng co r ponde ebewee t Unie Stt a Ar ntnaco e i t M LAT r ques f t res nc t n he t d a es nd ge i nc m ng he e t or he ba i or ton, we la docl ss nk nf ma i as l s lment howi Pe ii r '% c mtnlmber a r tng ng ttone s f ot ac l s nd ou i c s. I ! 1 ode ' d. 7. ' Pe ii r c a m t ta a r s toft s publc di c os es t i cons i tona l ttone s l i ha s e ul he e i s l ur , he r tm i ly pr t c e rght t t co i ntaiy oft i ba r or ha bee a wilc i t be o e t d i s o he nfde i lt he r nk ec ds s n nd l ontnue o vi a e l a ton, tto r al get tt y ha be omet t r t o ( t nta c i i l olt d. n ddii Pe ii nc s le ha he ve c he a ge s f t e il rm na po a tvii ,i l ng t pos i lt ofki na ng, a km a l a e ori s' i l ng,i one c i tes nc udi he s biiy d ppi bl c i, nd xt ton ' nc udi n i t nc t ki pi a mur ofW e ls h' t os f m iy r l tve .'f ., ! 1 nsa e, he dna ng nd der lic s t e a l e ai s' # cl 8. l. I Le St gal andard The pur e ofa m o i t di m i s fl pur ua t Fe r Rul ofCi lPr dur pos ton o s s ied s nt o de al e vi oce e 1 b)6)i t t tt fcils t e y ofac ant Ther epe misdimis lofac ant 2( ( s o es he a a ufkinc ompli . ul r t s s a ompli t tf l t s a e a cl m upon whi h r i c n be g an ed. I s ul be r d al i Fe r ha ais o t t ai c elef a r t t ho d ea ongs de de al Rul ofCi lPr edur 8a( , c r quiesaç hor a pli sae ntoft cai s ng e vi oc e ()2) whih e r t t nd an ttme s he l m howi t tt plade i e ildt r le.'Alho hac antc lnge b aRul 1 b)6 moi ha he e r s ntte o eif' t ug ompli hale d y e 2( () ton t dimi sdoesnotnee de a ld f c ua a lga i ,apl i ifi silo i a e t pr vi t o s s d t ie a t l le tons antf s tl blg t d o o de he û ounds'f rhi e il e t r le , nd a ç or ul i r c t ton oft el m e s ofa c us of s gr ' o s nttem nt o e i f a t m a c e ia i f he e nt a e a tonwilnotdo. BelAtantcCor v.Twombl 550U. 5 555( ci l ' l l i p. ' y, S. 44, 2007) . 4 Wh nac mpliti c aln e u d rRu el ( )6 , c u t lp e u ta al l e o an s h l g d n e l 2 b ( ) a o r wil r s me h t 1 wel e pla al gai nsa e tueand vi t pl di i t lghtm os f a et t pl ntE e ded le to r r ew he ea ngs n he i t avor bl o he ai i Ame ia Un tdL# Is Co v Ma t e , 0F.d 1 43 1 6 ( 1hCi. 0 7 .Howe e , rc n ie n . . . ri z 48 3 0 , 0 6 1 t r 2 0 ) n vr onc a c tti ntfespl di t t be us t y a eno m o e t n c usons a enot e our tde ii ea ngs ha , ca e he r r ha oncl i , r e il t t as um pton oft u h,' tm us de e ne w he hert w el- e f c s ç t t a cl i ntted o he s i r t 'i t t nni t he lpl d a t ç a e a m s t r l ft t splu il o isfc . As c o v I al 1 9 S Ct 1 7 1 4 ( 0 9 .A o ei ha i a sbe n t a e' h rh . qb , 2 . . 93 , 9 9 2 0 ) e ' c ai ca onl s vi a1 b)6)motont dimisi i c ai fcua algai t ta e ompl nt n y ur ve 2( ( i o s s f t ont ns a t l le tons ha r l no t r s a r g t r i above t s c a i l ve ,o t a s pton t tal t t ugh o ai e i ht o elef e he pe ul tve e l n he s um i ha 1 he (a tal algai i t c antaetu ' Twombl 550U. a 555.Howe r awelpld fcu ) le tons n he ompli r r e. ' y, S. t ve, l- e c mp an s r ie amo int d s s i v ni i srk sas vv u g t a a ta p o fo t e e o lit u vv s to o imis ç e f t ti e a yj d e h t cu l r o f h s e f c si i oba e,a çha ar ove y i ve y r m o eand unlkey.' Twombl 550U . a a t s mpr bl nd t t ec r s r e t i l '' y, S. t 556. 111 . A nal s ysi The Gove n e r s ss r la gume si s ppor ofdim isng t ca e. Thefr ti r m nt aie eve a r nt n u t s s i he s 3 is s t tPe ii sca ha ttoner nnotsat a c ai undert M LA T be us ,by isexpr s t r s t te y te lm he ca e t e s e m , he r at f e os s a prva e pa t srghtt a ca e ofa i u rt te y. M ot,a 5,7- . ee al o or cl e i t r y' i o us cton nde he r at . t ' 9, s s M LAT, t1 j4.Se ond,heGove n Ar., c t r mentco e t Peiines'ma mus de lrtr ntnds hat tto r nda , caaoy, a A pA- ed c a m s a e ba r d by t doc rne ofs ve e g i m uniy,a t tPe ii r f l nd bas l i r r e he ti o rin m t nd ha ttone s ai t i ntf ava i wave ofi muniy.M or s cii a l t Gove nm e as e t t tt Cour o de iy ld i r m t e pe fc ly, he r nt s rs ha he t lc s j c matr l idcinbe a e ( ) tto e sf it ie tf aç la rg t orle ' s a ks ube t te jz s ito c us : 1 Peiin r al o d niy l e r ih t eif a r c rquiedt obt nma e r o ai ndamusrle;( t DecaaoyJ eif 2) he lrtr udgmen Ac doesno pr dea t t t ovi n id p n e t a i f rteCo r' jlid ci n a d ( ) u iil e iw u d rteAPA i p e ld d n e e d n b ss o h u ts t s ito ; n 3 j d ca rv e n e h r s r cu e 3 TheGove m e ' moton a s r quesst tt Cour de Peii r 'Ve iid m nts i l o e t ha he t ny ttone s rfe Emeg n yMo inf rPrlmi ayIj n to ( 5 .Be a et eCo r h sar a yd n e t i r e c to o ei n r n u cin DE- 1 c us h u t a le d e id h s moton (c DE- ,heei none dt a es ihee. i - c 301 t r s ç e o ddr s t r byt M LAT' tr ,a i i y ba r d bec us Pe ii r 'c a msr a et ma tr of he S e ms nd mpledl re a e ttone s l i elt o te s f ei a f is whih t Consiu i ha e nlt d t t poltc br nc sofg r nt or gn far , c he tt ton s nt s e o he ii al a he ove nme . I rs n e Peiin r a sr ta teCo r h s u idcint d tr n q e to n epo s , t o e s se th t h u t a j rs ito o eemie u sins t r ga di t c tt i lt oft Gove n e ' aci t ke pur ua t ate t s h ast e r ng he onsiutona iy he r m nts tons a n s nt o r ay uc he M LAT.Addii ly, he c end t tt c amsa is i t sc e a ieno unde t M LAT tonal t y ont ha he l i t s ue n hi as rs t r he - whi Pe ii r a ch ttone s ckno ldgef e os saprvaepa t sc us ofa ton- butr t rund r w e or cl e i t ry' a e ci ahe e t Fit a Fouree h Ame e ' pr eci ofa i vi ' i e essi a di t he fh nd t nt ndm nts ot ton n ndi duals nt r t n voi ng he dicl ur ofpe s s os e r onalma t s4 Fo t r s s tf t bel , t Cour a e w ih ter . r he ea ons e orh ow he t gr es t Pe ii r sfr ta g ttone ' is r ument buthol t tt Consiuton oft Unie St t sdoe notpr e t , ds ha he tt i he t d a e s ot c Pe ii r 'i e e t i mai ani t c i nta iy oftna i r cor hed by Re onsBa , ttone s ntr ss n nt i ng he ontde ilt i ncal e ds l gi nk at r paryt t sca e.Ac or ng y, ttone sf i t sae ac am f rwhi h c n beg a ed. hid t o hi s c di l Pe ii r a l o t t l i o c a r nt A. The C o thas Juri di t o t Ent r ai Pe i i r 'C ons iut o Cl i s. ur s cin o e t n tt one s tt i nal a m The Go r en s ndsur e es a y pa ron t a gum e t Pe ii r c nnots a e a ve nm t pe m c s r pe he r nt hat ttone s a tt cai unde t M LAT be us ,asPeii r a knowl , t e i no prva er ghtof lm r he ca e ttone s c edge her s i t i e o ce ntoft te t nf r me he r ay.Se ,eg. M ot, t4- M or ove , he i t ntpe ii doe notaleg a e . , . a 9. e r t ns a tt on s l e vi a i oft M LAT a t bassf isc am s Ra he , c coun i pr m ie o t a lged olton he s he i or t l i . t r ea h t s e s d n he le vi ai ofPe ii ne s c tt i na rg ofprva y ove t i ba a ounti o mai . See olton tto r ' onsiuto l iht i c r her nk cc nf r ton P t,I 2 , 7 47 AsteS p e Co r ha o e v d,r ayo iain aet u j c . t t e .! 9 3 , . h u rme u t s bsr e te t bl to s r û b e t . o he ! g s . Cons iuton' g r t esofi vi ua rg s' Am . I . s' v.Gar tt i s ua an e ndi d l i ht . ' ns As n amendi 53 U . 3 41 , 9 S. 96, 7, n. ( 9 2003) s ealoI r Pr mie Locatdat840 1 hWv NE,Bele ,Was ,634F.d ;e s n e e ss e 40t c. lvue h. 3 4 Asat e hol mate ,Peii ne sf lt sa ea cai unde t Foure nt Am e hr s d t r tto r ai o t t l m r he te h ndme . nt t istr s t Fo te h Ame e onl a i t sae a ton.' Qu lsv Vt, 01 W L i t e m , he ure nt By ndm nt y pples o t t c i ' ie . it2 0 5559507,6( . Pa. 0) Be aus t scaei lmie t t a tonsoft Unie Stt M D. 201 . c e hi s s i td o he ci he td aes J tc De rm e , pa toft f r lg l e , t Foure nt Ame m e i i pplca e. usi e pa t nt a r he ede a ovemm nt he te h nd nt s na i bl 5 7 5 (t Ci. 01 )(s e te , iesau e , r s be t oc nsi to a l t,n ldn t 5 , 71 9h r 2 1 d ais lk tt ts ae u j c t o tt in li s icu ig he Tr u mi s pa ai ofpowe sa t gua a e ofduepr es .' .Theeor t Cour ha fdeal e r ton r nd he r nt e oc s ' ) rf e,he t se r q e to u idcinp ru n t 28U. C. 1 31o e acam t t te t o lg to d e no u sinj rs it u s a t o o S. j 3 v r li ha a r ay bi ai n o s t c mp r wi ac n ttto a g a a te S eI r Re e tr m Un tdKigd m, 8 F.d 1 1 o o t t o siu in l u rne . e n e qu s f o h ie n o 6 5 3 , 5 ( s Ci.201 (xecii jlidito unde 28U. C.j 1 t rviw a algaint tt 1t r 2) e r sng trs cin r S. 331 o e e n le to ha he pe ii r Fis Amendme rgh swoul bevi a e bas on as ttone s' r t nt i t d olt d ed ubpoe is d puruantt na s ue s o a M LAT) n . B. Pe i i r' Alege Cons i ut ona V i at on Faist St e a Cl m . t tone s l d t t i l ol i l o at ai The Gove nme ar ue t tt Pe ii s d be dimis d bec us Pe ii ne sf lt r nt g s ha he tton houl s se a e tto r ai o sa eavald lbe t i e es i t rba r c ds The Supr meCour ha r c z d a tt i i ry nt r t n hei nk e or . e t s e ogni e c tt i na i e es çn a di dicl ur ofpe s onsiuto l nt r t t voi ng s os e i r onalma tr .' Bur v.War ,USP te s ' ns den Be nt482Fe Appx. 4, 7( 1hCi. 2)( i r/l/w v. 429U. 589,599 aumo , d. 41 41 1 t r 201 quotng ' l E Roe, F S. ( 977)5 Therg t prva ye mpa s t ditncti eess ( )t i vi li e eti 1 ). iht o i c nco ses wo si ntr t' 1 he ndi dua ntr s n . a di dicos eofpe s matr ;a ( t i ee ti i pe ncei ma ngc ran voi ng s l ur ronal te s nd 2) he ntrs n nde nde n ki e ti ki ofi pora de s ons ' Whal n, 429 U . a 598 . nds m tnt ci i .' 6 e S. t -600. Thi cons iutonalr g i s tt i i ht s naro y c t ed a i lmie t rgh swhih a ei u m e al' (mplci i t c e of r wl onsnz nd s i t d o i t c r û nda nt 'or ç i t n he onc pt f i or r lbe t 'Paulv Davi,424 U. 693, 71 ( 976 .TheFi Cic t de ed i ry.' . s S. 3 1 ) hh ruiCour ofAppe s t al h sh l t a fti a ca p ia yd e n tfl'wi i tea tn mysr n o terg to a ed h tçln n il rv c o s o al' t n h uo o ta d f h ih t l h 5I i t c ea w het rt r g t i or a i na prva y e e t cor a i . Se ts m l r he he i ht o nf m t o l i e xt nds o por tons e U S.v M or on Sal Co. 338 U . . 6 2 6 2( 9 0 (çcj r rto sc n cam n e uaiywih . t t , S 3 , 5 1 5 ) s opo ain a li o q l g t t i dvd asi tee j y n o arg tt p ia y'; D. C. . r e ,1 F.d 1 38 1 45(t n iiu l n h no me t f i h o rv c ' F. f v Ga n r 26 3 1 , 1 9h ) Ci.1 )Cdcl ai poses muc we rprva yi eesst ni vi s'(iai r 997 g omortons s s h ake i c ntr t ha ndi dual' cttons ) o t d .Ho v r be a s t eb n r c r sa is i t sc s aeno s b e t oc nsi to a mit ) we e , c u e h n k e o d t sue n hi a e r t u j c t o tt in l e u pr t cton asa ma trofl w, heCour lave t sque ton f a he da . oe i te a t t e s hi si or not r y The et ditnc sr ndsha be n r e r d t a t t onfde ilt sr nd' a t s wo si t ta ve e ef re o s he ' i nta iy ta ' nd he c û ut t onom y s r nd.'Se Pl e v Gon e , F. 1 1 1 28(t Ci.1 )(ntr l a ta ' e ant . zalz 575 2d 1 9, 1 5h r 978 i e na ciai omit ) ttons ted . prva Pl e,575 F. a 11 7 Pe ii s ca e r t on t a l ga i t tt r e e oft i cy. ant 2d t 32. ttoner ' s es s he le ton ha he el as he ba r cor w ilvi a e t rc tt i lr g d n m a n ai ng t i per o lafaispr va e ' nk e ds l ol t hei ons iutona i ht t i i t ni he r s na f r i t .' Se ,e. ,Pe.!29.M orove ,Peii r ma nocam t tt r l s oft rrcods e g. t, e r ttone s ke li ha he eea e hei e r i plc t a a onom y i er s s The ef e,onl t rghtofconfde i lt s r nd i a i s m i a e ny ut nt e t . r or y he i i nta iy ta s t s ue he e. r The a l ge f ct do notpl us bl es a i h a vi a i ofPe ii r 'rgh t le d a s a i y t bls ol ton ttone s i t o c i nta iy ove fnanc a r cor he d by Re onsBa onfde i lt r i i l e ds l gi nk. The s v va ofPe ii r 'c ai s ur i l ttone s l m hi s o w he he a c tt i nge n t r ons iutonalrghtofprva y e s s ove fnanc a r or . Long ag t i i c xit r i i l ec ds o, he Fi t Cic tCour ofAppe l de e ne t tt prva y ofpe s lfna ali or ton f ls fh r ui t a s t nni d ha he i c r ona i nci nf ma i a l die ty w ihi t s ope oft s l i t c i nta iy.' Pl e,575 F. a 11 2. Tha c e r c l t n he c hi t ght o onf de i lt ' ant r 2d t 3 t as conc r d a l w s tfl d by a gr ofFl i s a e s na o scha l ngi a a e e ne a ui ie oup orda t t e t r le ng n m ndm e t t nt o he sa e co tt i r qui i publc ofi i l t fl s or s a e e s di c osng t i ne w orh, t t nsiuton e r ng i tc a s o ie w n t t m nt s l i he r t t as e s a la ltes s t , nd i biii .See i ,a 11 23. W hie r ogni ng t tt s na or ha a pr ec ed d. t 22l ec zi ha he e t s d ot t rghtofprva y a i tdi c osng fna i li o m a i t c tofappe s c l d t tt s i i c ga ns s l i i nc a nf r ton, he our al onc ude ha hi rghtw a out e ghed by t s a e' i er s i t publc di c os e ofis r pr e a i 'a s t , i s w i he t t s nt e t n he i s l ur t e es nt tves s e s a he d t am e en t be c tt i l See i ,a 11 8 nd l he ndm t o ons iutona d. t 36. Neihe t Pa tesnort Cour ha f t r he ri he t s ound aca eaddr s i t i s ofwhe he t s e sng he s ue t r he ç i htofconfde i lt ' tand a i s t fna i r or he d by a t r pa t H o e r i sg r i nta iy' s r pple o i nc al ec ds l hid ry. w ve , n US.v. ilr 425U. 435( 976) t SuprmeCour hed,i t cont toft Fo t M le , S. 1 ,he e t l n he ex he urh Am e ndm e , ha a ba c t e ha no pr ec e i e es i t c es ofc c a o he nt t t nk usom r s ot t d nt r t n he opi he ks nd t r 7I Bo n rv Ci o ih r ,h Elve t Cic i a o tda bidn p e e e tal n n e . t fprc a d te e nh rut d p e s n ig r c d n 1 y de ii nsoft f m e Fit Cic tha d down prort Ocober1 1 1 661F. 1 c so he or r fh r ui nde i o t , 98 . 2d 206,1 209 ( 1hCi.981 . 1 t r1 ) 8 U nlke t ca e a ba ,Pl e doe notdi e ty a y t c r um s anc i w hi h ba i he s t r ant s r c l ppl o i c t es n c nk r cor ar obt ne f om a t r pa t - i t sca e,Reg onsBank. e ds e ai d r hi d ry n hi s i 8 rc r rtie b h sb n a dte eo ec u dn t se t c aln et ag a dj r s b e a e o ds ean d y i a k, n h r f r o l o a sr a h le g o r n u y u po n t t ba f t e r c ds 1 a 440- 96.The Cour de e ne t tba r c dsa tnot o he nk or hos e or . d. t 43, t t nni d ha nk e or r t ac he c ounthol rsprva epa r butr t rd hebusnes r cor oft banks' i whi h a de ' i t pe s ahe ç t i s e ds he 'n c , c t e d an a s r neihe owne s p no pos es i .' 1 L a 440, s ealo U S.v Ghi , us om r t c s et t r r hi r s s on ' 6 t . e s g . doni 732F. 81 81 ( 1hCi.1 4)( di t tbnnkrc dshel byat r pa t ba wee 2d 4, 7 1 t r 98 hol ng ha e or d hid- ry nk r notéei bl f pr e ton unde t Fit Ame e ,' a co l ng,unde M ilr t ttit tlgi e or ot c i r he fh ndm nt ' nd ncudi r le , ha il g i we le tbls d t tba r c dsa enotpr ec e fom dicl u eby an co tt i l s l- sa ihe ha nk e or r ot t d r s os r y nsiutona p iie e' (mp a i a d d ; f r Ch re Co p. .U S, pto ra uy, 1993 W L rv lg .) e h ss d e ) œ o d a tr r v .De . fT e s l ' 2 8 0 , 3( . F1 .Apr 2 ,1 9 )(1 i wels tldt a ap ro h sn lgtmae 6 5 7 * M D. a, . 3 9 3 it s l-et h t e s n a o e ii t l e e pe t ton ofpr va y i t cont nt ofr cor vol arl co ye t a t r pa t . Thi x cai i c n he e s e ds unt iy nve d o hi d ry s prnci e i l sr c dshe d b aba . .. .' .Bas ont fr goi a hort no i pl nc ude e or l y nk ' ) ed he o e ng ut iy, c tt i l pr eced prva i e es e ssf Pe ii r ba a c onsiutonaly ot t i cy ntr t xit or ttone s' nk c ountr c dshel by e or d Reg onsBa i nk. 9 To t e entRi htt Fi i Prvac Ac , 1 U. C. 3401 et e , e og z a he xt g o nanc al i y t 2 S. j , s q.rc nies n i vi lsrghtofprva y ove he ba a ountr c ds t s rght ar notofac tt i na ndi dua ' i i c r r nk cc e or , he e i s e onsiuto l di menson. Ase aned byt Fi Cic ti Unie St e v. Ki on, F. 733( hCi. i xpl i he hh r ui n td ats ngt 801 2d 5t r 1 ) 986 : TheRih t Fia ca P i a yAc Ssac n rs in l epo s 't g le' g t o n n il rv c t t o g e so a r s n e'o Milr ) i s hol ng,f rGti cea t Congr sma pr depr e ton ofi vi rg s di o t s l r hat i es y ovi ot c i ndi dual i ht be yondt ta f de i t Co tt i n.' H. P. 1 ha for d n he nsiuto ' Re No. 383,95t Co ,2nd h ng. Ses . r prn edi 1 U. CodeCong. & Ad. ws9273,9306.W hie i i s 7, e i t n 978 S. Ne l ts evi ntt tCongr s ha e nded i vi s rghtt prvac i ba r or de ha e s s xpa ndi dual' i o i y n nk ec ds oft i àc ount , her c s appe lesar mit ke i t rco e i t tt e le e sa n n hei nt nton ha he xpanson i i s ofc tt i ldi onsiutona mensons The rght c e e b Congr s ar s at or , not i . i s r at d y e s e t ut y c tt i . ons iutonal Ila 737(mphassa d. e i dded) s ealo US.v.Cor e, 220F.3d 11 , 11 ( h Ci.2000) ;e s mir 03 08 9t r (- t i f eke f t 't t1d t t Supr m eCour i M il dee m i ngt taperon doesnotha ' y acor' ha e o he h e t n ler tr ni ha s ve ar as bl e ca i ofprva y i ba r co dsçi t tape s doe notpos e sa e ona e xpe tton i c n nk e r ts ha ron s ss r s bl expe t ton ofprvac i a ie i whih hehasno pos e s r orowne s p ea ona e c ai i y n n tm n c ssoy r hi i er t' .Nohi i t Ri tt Fi i Prva Ac ceaesi ade iorapose s r or nt es.' t ng n he gh o nancal i cy t r t n post ) s s oy owne s p i e es i ba r cor . r hi nt r t n nk e ds 9 ! l l M or over e n as umi t ts h a i e es e s s i i out g d by t Unie e , ve s ng ha uc n nt r t xit, t s weihe he t d Stt s c a e ' ompe lng i e essi f fli iste t oblgai . E T) ec n ttto aiyof li nt r t n ulilng t r a y i tons $ h o si in l ( u t ! go en n a to lalg dt h v voae t i rg t oc nfd n ilt mus b d tr n d b g v r me t cin l e o a e ilt d h s ih t o ie tai e y t e eemie y i us ofabaancngt s c e l i e t ompa i t i er sst a ton s r eswiht ei hi r .' Hest v. rng he nt e t he c i e v t hos t nde s ' er , 1 ' q Ci o le ge il, 7 F.d 1 9 ,1 9 ( 1hCi. 98 )(ne n l uoain a dctto t fMild vle 7 7 2 4 2 4 7 1 t r 1 5 itr a q tto s n i ins y a ' o te .Peii r aleg t tt Gove n ntsc i ewiht M LAT rques wil mitd) ttone s l e ha he r me ' omplanc t he e t l vilt t i c nsi to a rg t b c u etej d eo e s en t iv siaino Pama i oae her o tt in l ihs e a s h u g v re ig he n e tg to f l tn u ) ' ( Ar entna ha ma publc a1i or ton a g i s de i 1 nf ma i boutPeii ne sr c ve fom t Unie St t . tto r e ei d r he t d aes t Pe ii ne sbeleve t tt pr vi di cl ur oft s i onna i has a r d 1 d t t tto r i ha he e ous s os e hi nf ton lea y e o he l ' ki pi a , i one c s ,t mur rofW els h' r l tve i Ar entna ast s c i i l dna ng nd n a e he de lic s e ai s n g i , he e rm na y ( t a tvii t k plc a t t i or a i wa m a publc. Re p. a 8.0 c i tes oo a e fer he nf m ton s de i s ,t 1 ( ' t y ( ) Ra g da ansti itrs iteUntdSae'itrs i c o eai wihfrin n e g i thsneets h ie tts neetn o p rt t oeg ng 7 t i ( . 7 c r e i c i i m a t r tuough t e ounti s n rm nal te s l he xcha ofe de . l r tf ng t U s- r ntna nge vi nce n a iyi he A ge i E i ) ' ( ( M LAT,Co r s r cog z d t tim ut l alas i t e t e tesha be e i r asng y ng es e ni e ha ç ual eg s s anc r a i ve com nc e i l t i pora t si t U nie St t s wa on c i e,' i pa tc arf ta na i lc i e t t m t nt ool n he t d a e y r rm ' n ri ul or r ns tona r m s ha i g d eq r t cos coo r ton ofl e or me a hortest oug utt word.' S.Exe i uie he l e pe a i r aw nf ce nt ut ii hr ho he l' c. l :: : ( . t Re No 1 2 3 , t1 s eas I r Re u sf o UntdKig o 68 F.da 1 (n en l p. . 0 - 3 a ; e lo n e q e t r m ie n d m, 5 3 t 8 itr a ; ( quottonomit ;andI r Commisoner'Sub oena 325F. 1 ,1 ( 1hCi.2003 , ai ted) ne s i s p s, 3d 287 290 1 t r ) C . ov r uldonot rgr ndsb I e Cor v. ance Mir De c s I .542U. 241( 4) er e he ou y ntl p. Adv d co vie , nc, S. 200 t F j ' . y ' . r ) . Re a kabl a r f om alegi t tt rba a co a r utng i or a i w a 0 m r y, pa t r l ng ha hei nk c unt nd o i nf m ton s r e e t t publc,Pe ii r pr de no s c fcsast t contntoft ç i nc a elas d o he i ttone s ovi pe i o he e he i na i l f i or a i 'hathasa r a be r l a e i Ar ntna. l a e nt a s ngt tt s nf m ton't le dy en e e s d n ge i n ny ve , s umi ha hi fna i li o m a i c i nc a nf r ton once nst s m ea ount a is i t sdiput Pe ii r 'c am of r he a cc s t s ue n hi s e, ttone s l i c tt i lvi a i f ist s a e a c a m f t a tonalr as n t tt fna a r or ons iutona ol ton a l o t t l i or he ddii e o ha he i nci l ec ds ha ar dybee madepa toft publcr or a a e, defnii no l rc i nta . ve lea n r he i ec d nd r by i ton, onge onfde i l ) SeeUS.v Pos r 59 F. . ne , 4 Supp.930,936( D.Fl 1 4)( di t t(onc ce t n S. a. 98 hol ng ha . e rai : ' f ( i or a i i i t publc dom a n.. he e il m e t prvac i 1 t' . nf m ton s n he i i . t ntte nt o i y s os . ' ) r 2 ' # 2 ' ? , ) ' ' r 10 ) ) . . (û ç MLATs.ha t de iedquaiyofc .. ve he sr lt ompuli a t yco rcualyoblgaet t son s he nta t l i t he wo c re t pr det ea h ot re de e a ot rf ountis o ovi o c he vi nc nd he onnsofa ssa ne d i crmi l s it nce ede n i na c eswhie sr mlni a e nci t efe tve soft pr es f obt ni nee d as l tea i ng nd nha ng he f c i nes he oc s or ai ng de e ie c . vd n e' ). Notbl Pe ii r do notco a n t tt Govem me ' f flme ofisteay a y, ttone s mpli ha he nts ulil nt t r t oblg tonsvi aest i c tt i rght , butr t rt t r e s ofPe ii r ia i ol t her onsiutonal i s a he hat he ela e ttone s' i o maint t ep b i, ya Are t ej d ei c a g o a o g igi v siain i nfr to o h u lc b n g ni u g n h r e f n n on n etg to n n Ar ntna ma l d t f t eat cksa ns Pe ii r by uni ntfe t r pm is W hie any ge i , y ea o uur ta gai t ttone s de ii d hid e. l c izna a t agans Pe ii ne sa Peii ne s r ltvesar de or bl , Pe ii r s cul ton rn i l c s i t tto r nd tto r ' ea i e pl a e ttone s' pe a i a boutt pot nta f t ec he e i l uur omm ison oft a ulacsby t r pa te i a f egn c r si mlwf t hid ri s n or i ounty c nnoto wegh t Unie Stt sc n ut i he t d a e' ompeli i e e ti c lng ntr s n ompl ngwih t M LAT.I1 yi t he IV . C oncl on usi TheFit Amendme oft Unie Consiuto doe notpr dea c z erg t of fh nt he t d tt i n s ovi ogniabl iht o c i talt f ba r c dshed by at r pary bal . M or over e n i s h a r g e s s onfden i iy or nk e or l hid t rk e , ve f uc i ht xi t , t U nied St t 'i e es s i f fli is oblg tonst de a m ut la s s a e t ea y f r he t a es nt r t n ulilng t iai m r ua s i t nc r t a out ei h Pe ii r i e e t i kee ng t r cor pr va e. Pe ii r f i t sa eavai w g ttone s' nt r s s n pi he e ds i t ttone s al o t t ld co tt i lcli . Acc di l i i nsiutona am or ngy, t s ORD ERED THA T Res nde ' M o i t Di m i sPe ii r Pe ii n f r W rtofM a m us po nts ton o s s ttone s' tto o i nda , De aao yJ clrtr udgme ,a vi ai ofAd nitai Pr ed eAc k 27)i GRANTED. nt nd olton mi srtve oc ur t DE- s 1 TheCour i a s unconvi ed,ba e on t s s cultve a s ri , t tt fna a 1 t s lo nc s d he e pe a i s e tons ha he i nci l if r t nwil eusd i af r inj d ca p o e dngt a d p rsfo teUni d S ae ' n o mai lb e n o eg u iil r c e i h t e a t rm h o t tts e S o c p so f n n n a d ep o e sa d fi s't j siya ij ci nprv n igt i n e t f u d me tl u r c s n ame s'o u tf n nun to e e tn he c gove nme fom f lilng iste t oblga i .I r Pr mie , 63 F. 557, 2 (t Ci. r nt r ufli t r ay i tons n e e s s 4 3d 57 9h r 2011. ) Thi c s i D I I s a e s SM SSED W I PREJ I f f iur t s a e a c a m f r TH UD CE or a l e o t t l i o w hi h r i fca be gr nt d. c elt n a e A 1 pe ng m otonsno ot r ie r ed upon a e D EM ED a M O OT. 1 ndi i t he w s ul r s 4. Thi ca e i CLO SED . s s s & D N A DO DR DiMai li,i / dy ferr 21 O E N R E E n i , od ts / aoFbuy 03 m F rah a, * PA TRI A A .SEI C TZ UNI TED STA TES D I STRI J DG E CT U c Couns ofRec d c: el or 12

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