Physicians Healthsource, Inc. v. Doctor Diabetic Supply, LLC et al

Filing 248

FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW. Closing Case. Signed by Judge Patricia A. Seitz on 6/10/2015. (ar2) NOTICE: If there are sealed documents in this case, they may be unsealed after 1 year or as directed by Court Order, unless they have been designated to be permanently sealed. See Local Rule 5.4 and Administrative Order 2014-69.

U NI
TED STATES D ISTRI COURT
CT
SO UTH ERN D I
STRI O F FLO RI A
CT
D
Cas N o.1 22330- V- TZ
e
2C1 SE1
PHYSI AN S H EALTH SO URCE,I C.
CI
N ;
Pl ntf,
ai if

DOCTOR D I
ABETI SUPPLY,LLC;
C
GEORGE T. EI
H SEL;DDS H OLD I GS,I C.
N
N ;
a SA NA RE,LLC;
nd
D ef
enda s
nt .

/

FI NGSOFFACT AND CONCLUSI
NDI
ONSOFLAW
Thi m aterc e be or t Cour f a be h t i on t r ai ng i s i t s
s
t am
f e he
t or
nc ral he em ni s ue n hi
c e: het D e e ntGeor T. eieli per onaly la e t t c as ,undert
as w her f nda
ge H s s s l i bl o he l s
he

Tee neCo ume sPr e ton Ac (TCPA' , ors ndi t J y 2 0 Fa ( 1.
lpho
ns r ot ci
t'
'
' f e ng he ul 0 8 x Ex. )1
)
The Cour hasc i ed a1 oft evi nc pr se ed.W hie t Pl ntf w asabl t
t
ons der
l he de e e nt
l he ai if
eo

s vi s m a yj m e ,i ha notme isbur n t hol Hes l r o ly la e
ur ve um r udg nt t s
t t de o d ie pe s na l ibl
undert l .The Cour t e or need notaddr sw het t 2008 Fa c tt ed
he aw
t her f e
es
her he
x ons iut
a 'adver i em e .
n '
ts
nt'
'

A .FI NGS OF FACT
NDI

1
)

Dee nt t rDibei S y,
f nda Doco a tc uppl LLC ( DDS' wa ana i nwi m al
'
' ' s to de i)

or dit i orofdi i t tng s
der s rbut
abetc es i upples. e enda G eor T.H eielf
i D f
nt
ge
s ounded DD S
i 2001 and r ai is CEO untl2011. i s epbr her Chr sM ehrnger w a
n
em ned t
i
H st
ot , i
i , s

On Dec
ember23,2014,t Cour c tfe acas ofr pint oft J y 2008
he
t eriid l s eci e s he ul
Fa ( 2 1JBe or til De e ntDocorDibe i S y,
x.DE- 0 . f e ra , fnda
t
a tc uppl LLC (' ' si a e
'
DDS' tpult d
)

t ac ns ntudgme ( 2 5) s m ecam s(ncudi a l hos a i tDe e nt
o o e j
nt DE-3 , o l i i l ng 1 t e gans f nda
Sa r ,LLC)we edim is d vi s ma yj m e ( 21 ) a Pl i ifvount rl
na e
r s s e a um r udg nt DE- 5 , nd antf l a i
y
dim is d a1ot rr m a ni cam sI 2 2 .
s s e l he e i ng l i DE- 3 J

Pr i
esdentofDDS untlt e of2007 w hen he l f t com pany. l t s i of2008,
i he nd
,
e t he
z n he prng
DDS had appr m at y 300 em pl esand atl tsx s ni ofi er ,t eeofw hom
oxi el
oye
eas i e or fc s hr

r n day-o- oper i Vi e Pr i
a
t day
atons: c esdentofSal Chr sH al ,Bilng Di ec orDoug
es i
enar li
r t
M ee a Tec c Li s St tM elze
, nd
hni al ai on uar
t r.

2
)

Xhee de ewa unr f t d t tHes lsm a ge ntsyl w a t f c
' vi nc s e u e ha ie' na me t e s o o us

on t bi pit e and t hie good peopl w ho coul be tus ed w ih t det is. e
he g c ur
o r
e
d
r t
t he a l H

wa t c m pa sm an c nt c wih o sdec uns l F brght& J wo s , c us
s he o ny' i o a t t uti o e, ul i
a r kibe a e
t shel hi c r t fr ' hi l lf .
hi ped m ont ol he im s gh ega ees

3)

Al os alo DDS Sc t r we eM e c r pa int, nd DDS r a he
m tl f
' usome s r dia e te s a
ec d

t
hem t ough diec c um erm ar i on w e iesand ot m edi Pot i l
hr
r t ons
ketng
bst
her
a. enta
c t er w oul s t s vi esavaia e and c ac D DS. fa pot ntalc t er
us om s
d ee he er c
l bl
ont t
I
e i us om
c act d D DS,D DS w oul c ac t c t ersdoc or us l by f DDS ne d
ont e
d ont t he us om '
t , ualy
ax.
ede

apr c i i bef e i c d s
es rpton or t oul uppl a c t e ,and doc or w oul ofe s nd
y us om r
t s
d tn e

pr crptonst DD S vi f D DS di notm ar tt doc or ,vi f orot w ie.
es i i
o
a ax.
d
ke o
t s a ax
her s

4)

l 2 7 pur ua t t M e c r M o r za i Ac o 2 0 , heCe e
n 00 , s nt o he dia e de ni ton t f 0 3 t
nt r

f rM e c r a M e c i S r c s(CM S' a e ane r i
o dia e nd dia d e vie '
'
' dopt d
)
w embur e e pol yf
s m nt i or
c
c t nt
er ai ypesofm edi als
c upplesand s tup a com pettve bi ng pr am i t n
i
e
ii
ddi
ogr n e

r g o c le M e r poia S a itc lAr a (' S ' . et ne polc we i o
e i ns ald to lt n t tsia e s ' As' Onc he w iy nt nt
M
)
efec onJ y 1,2008,M edi ewoul onl r m bur ec t er i t et M SASf
f t ul
car
d y ei
s usom s n hos en
or
s
upplespur has fom pr der t had s
i
c ed r
ovi s hat
ubm it s es f bi a w ih whom
ted ucc s ul ds nd t

CM Sha ac nta t ( e Ex. )
d o r c . S e C.

5
)

DDSs it d bi a wa s l ce a a a o d pr de f
ubm te ds nd s e e t d s n ppr ve ovi r or

di tct tng s
abe i es i upplesi al t M SAS. ow e ,r m bur em ent r esundert
i n l en
H
ver ei
s
s at
he

new pr am wer sgniianty l e t underear i M edi ar f s hedul .
ogr
e i fc l ow r han
ler
c e ee c
es
M ar i M anagerNi Ser fniand Vi e Pr i
ketng
no a i
c es dentofO per i A de Bats a
atons
it
a s l tt com pany ar
l o ef he
ound t end of2007.
he

H eielt tfed t t w er e
s es ii hat hey
e ven l ert n D DS' c t DD S' s r egy w ast keep
ow ha
S os s.
S t at
o
isexi tng patent i t t M SAS a hopet t new polc w oul ' ow up.3
t
si
i s n he en
nd
hat he
iy
d'
bl
'
'

6
)

Hes l e tfe t tM ed c r i or e ispai nt a utt ne polc
ie t siid ha
ia e nf m d t te s bo he w iy

butdi noti or doct s. ns ead,i as
d
nf m
or I t
t ked pr der t com m uni at wih doc or
ovi s o
c e t
t s.

7
)

I e ry2 08 Cludi Ar uj Vie pr sde of a kei a
n a l 0 , a o a o, c - e i nt M r tng nd

Tec
hnol
ogy,w or w ih H ei elt pr
ked t
s o epar apr sr eas and a l t a m ounci t
e
es el e
eter r
ng he
ne M e ca e r i bur em e polc asw el asD DS' s ec i asan appr
w
di r e m
s nt iy
l
S el ton
oved

pr vi r On Aprl2 , 0 8 Ar uj e ald dr fso t s doc e st Hes l nd
o de .
i 9 2 0 , a o m ie a t f he e um nt o ie a
r que t d t t a kouti lga c e ' t rt sw o d bea c pt bl. ( 3
e se ha he s
sde e l ouns l' he hi ul
whe
c e a e' Ex. ;
'

seas Ex . , . Thee ald dr f lte (he ' i2 0 Le tr' w a a e ryve son
e lo s 5 6)
m ie a t e t r t ' l 0 8 te ' s n a l r i
Apr
)
o t f xt twa s ntt Pli ifa ot r i J y20 8(he'ul 2 0 Fa '.
f he a ha s e o antf nd he s n ul 0 t ' y 0 8 x'
J
)
( mp r Ex. wihEx 5.The ew a noi c to i t tx o t Aprl 0 8Let r
Co a e 1 t . ) r s ndia i n n he e t f he i 2 0 te
t ti w asi e
ha t
nt nded t be s by f x.
o
ent
a

8
)

DDS' lga c uns la ove t c ntnto bot do um e s He s ls
S e l o e ppr d he o e f h c nt . ie'

f r r d t sa o lt Ar uj a a ho i e t i us . he a ke a til
o wa de hi ppr va o a o nd ut rz d her e W n s d t ra
w het l
her egalc
ouns knew t t Apr l2008 Leterw oul be f
el
hat he
i
t
d
axed,H e s
i el
r ponded t he di nott nk s bec e he hi s l t
es
hat
d
hi o aus
m e f houghti w oul bem aied.Thi
t
d
l
s
w ast onl t tm ony aboutwhet t A prl2008 Leterw asveted,by couns or
he y esi
her he
i
t
t
el
ot wi e f c pla e w ih t TCPA .
her s , or om i nc t he

9
)

I J 20 8 S u r M et e c e t d als off xnumbe so physca i
n une 0 , t a t lz r r a e it a
r f
ii ns n

t t M SA Sw ho w er i D DS' dat ebec et had pr ousy pr c i
he en
en
S abas
aus hey
evi l es rbed

DDS Spr ducs(he' C Lit'. J 2 , 0 8 M et e e al d DDS SI
' o t t '
CBI s' On une 7 2 0 , lz r m ie
)
' T
deparment atac ng t 2008Faxand t CBI Li ,and as i t s t J y2008
t
, t hi he
he C st
ked t o end he ul

I f t Congr sc eled t r ulsoft fr tr
n ac ,
es anc l he es t
he is ound ofbi ng and or ed
ddi
der

CM St sa tov r Se 4 U.. j 1 9 w-3D)
o t r e . e 2 SC. 3 5 ( .

Fax t eac num beron t ls .Pr
o h
he it ekum arBal ani a c put pr am m er w as
w , om
er ogr
,

r ponsbl f s ng t J y 2008Faxt t CBI lst
es i e or endi he ul
o he C i .

1 ) Be nni onJ y 1 20 8 DDS s c s f l s ntt J y 2 0 Fa ( 1
0
gi ng ul , 0 ,
uc e suly e he ul 0 8 x Ex. )
t 43 4 r cpint, ncudi Pli if ( 2 95% 2 - 0.Thef xa c untus d t s nd
o , 2 e i e s i l ng antf.9E- 3
85 1
a co
e oe
t J y 2008Faxbeonged t 'Geor T.Heiel'whih nameHeiels eswih hi
he ul
l
o ' ge
s ,' c
s har
t s

f t r Thef x a c
a he .
a c ountlssa a e si J t r F o i a s ve a e ala e s s
it n ddr s n upie , l rda nd e r l m i ddr s e
w hih bel t H eielsf her Acc di t H ei el hi f he sc edi c d w asuse
c
ong o s ' at . or ng o
s , s at r' r t ar
d
f c t n acc
or er ai
ount bec ehi f herw a ed t c edi car r w ar .
s aus s at
nt he r t d e ds

1 ) TheJ y 2 0 Fa dif r d i s ewa fom t Aprl2 0 Le t rt t
1
ul 0 8 x fe e n om
ys r he i 0 8 te ha

Ar u oha s ntt Hes lFore mpl ,heJ y 2 0 Fa i mor e -a c ng wih a
a j d e o ie . xa e t ul 0 8 x s e ye c thi , t
bol d and under i headlne t lng t r adert 'ACT N O W ' and s ebol
de
lned
i eli he e
o'
'
om
d
par aphs w her t Aprl2008 Leterl
agr
,
eas he
i
t ookslke a r
i
egul busnes l t ,w ih a
ar i s eter t

' e: s j c l a nobol prnt TheAprl 00 Le t rdie t d t r a rt s ve a
' ' ub e t i nd
r '
ne
d i.
i 2 8 te r ce he e de o e r l
s ii ar il a
pecfc tc es boutt com pettve bi ng pr a ,w her t 2008Fax onl had
he
ii
ddi
ogr m
eas he
y

a gener lnk t t m ai M edi ar w e ie.H ow ever neihert A prl2008Lete nor
al i o he
n
c e bs t
, t he
i
tr

t J y2 0 Fa i l d a optoutnotc . Co a eEx. wih Ex. )
he ul 0 8 x ncude n ie ( mp r
1 t
5.
1 ) The ewa no e de ee pl i ngt m e a phossoft Aprl2 0
2
r s vi nc x ani he t mor i he i 0 8

Let ri o t J y 2 0 Fa o ho i wa de i d t s nd t lte by f x Ar uj,
te nt he ul 0 8 x r w t s cde o e he e t r a . a o
w ho dr t t Aprl2008 Letera w ho l tD DS i 201 coul notr al how t e
afed he
i
t nd
ef
n
2,
d
ec l
hos
c ngesc e a
ha
am bout
.

1 ) Theo y e de es ge tng t tDDS wih Hes lsk wl dge ha
3
nl vi nc ug si ha
, t ie' no e , d
pr ousy us a ' as f 'c pai w as aM ay 2008 em a lf om Cat Per i a
evi l ed ' t ax' am
bl
gn
i r
hy
er ,
N atonalSal M anagerf H om edi
i
es
or
agnos i s t DDS Bilng Diect Doug M ee,
tc , o
li
r or
c
opyi H eiel I t em ai,Per i a as
ng
s . n hat
l
e r ked i DD S had r ei d 't c r t c r t
f
ec ve 'he or ec ed ontac

asw el ast ar w or f t Tl
l he t k or he kuEtac m et f yourf bl cam pai ' M e
r k
er or
ax ast
gn.
' e

r s nde t t hec r csha be n sgne ( 9)Ho ve ,t unr f e
e po d ha t onta t d e i d. Ex. . we r he e utd

t tm ony w ast no f bl tc pai f t TRu Et ac m e erevert pl e.
es i
hat ax as am gn or he
r k t
ook ac
H eielt tfed t DD S s etm esboughts
s es ii hat
om i
upplesf om ve
i r
ndor lke
si
H om edi gnos i ,a vendor s e i ess
a
tcs nd
s om tm
ugges ed how t m ar tt e s
t
o
ke hos upples but
i ,
DD S ne c r t t c r outany m ar tng c pai by f x.
ver ont ac ed o ar y
ke i am gns
a

1
4) Thus t r i no e de et tHes lwa pe s na l i l d i s ndi
, he e s vi nc ha ie s r o ly nvo ve n e ng
t J y2 08Fa a afx o he t n hi s ndi t Aprl2 0 Let rt c e a
he ul 0
x s a , t r ha s e ng he i 0 8 te o ouns l nd
aut i ng t i bes on behal ofDD S aspar ofa pl t r ai exitng c t er
horzi hat t ent
f
t
an o et n s i us om s
a i or t rdoc or ofa c
nd nf m hei
t s
hange i M edi ar
n
c e.

B.CONCLUSI
ONSOFLAW

XheTee neCo ume Pr e to Ac (he '
' l pho
ns r otc in t t '
TCPA/ ma si ' a ul or
' ke t ' wf f
)
unl
a per on ... o s nd any ... olct adveri e ent't a f m ac ne unl s
ny
s
t e
uns i ied
ts m
' o ax
hi
es

c ran r q r me sa eme . 7U. C. 2 7b)1 ( .
e t i e uie nt r t 4 S. j 2 ( ( )C) FCC r gul tonsf t rr quie
e a i urhe e r
t any adve ts m ents by f w het s iied oruns i ied,m us i l
hat
rie
ent
ax,
her olc t
olct
t nc ude a
n

opto no ie 47C. R. 6 .2 0 a ( )i .ft s r q r me sa enotme , he
- ut tc . F. j 41 0 ( )4 (v) I he e e uie nt r
tt
' ender'oft adver iem enti la e.' nder'm eans ' he per on orentt on whos
'
s
' he
ts
s i bl '
Se
'
'
t
s
iy
e

be fa f s m ie uns iied adveri em enti s ntorw hos goodsors r c a e
hal ac i l
olc t
ts
se
e
e vi es r

a rie orpr e i t uns lct d a e ts m e . 47C. R. 6 1 0f( )s e
dve ts d
omot d n he o iie dv rie nt'
'
F. j 4.20 ()1; e

as Pam Bec Gofct.Boa I . .o G, a rs D. S,P. , 81F.d 1 45 1 5 (1h
lo l a h l r- c,nc p Jhn S ri, D.. A.7 3 2 , 2 7 1 t
Ci. 0 5)( ho di t sde i to .
r 2 1 up l ng hi fnii n)
A c por e ofi er'm ay beper onaly la e undert TCPA i he had di ec ,
or at fc '
s
l i bl
he
f
r t
per onalpari i i i orper onaly aut i t c
s
tcpaton n
s
l
horzed he onductf
ound t havevi at
o
ol ed

t saut, ndwa notme eytnge ilyi l d. T x sp. Bls a ,I .1 4F.
he tt e a
s
r l a ntal nvove ' e a Am. a f x nc, 6
'
S
upp. 8 2 8 8( . . x. 00 )Howe r i e r k wn c s ho di ac r ae
2d 9 , 9 W D Te 2 1 .
ve ,n ve y no
a e l ng o por t
ofi erper ona l labl undert TCPA,t ofi rhad e t diec l c m it or
fc
s ly i e
he
he fce
iher r ty om ted
knowi y a horzed t c por i sw r
ngl ut i
he or aton' ongf act .Forexam pl i A me ian
ul s
e, n
rc

Bls x t i vi ldee nt we et onl t ofc r o ac
afa ,he ndi dua fnda s r he y wo fie s f ompa whos s l
ny
e oe
busnes w ast s nd f adver iem e sf t r pari .M or
i s
o e ax
ts nt or hid
tes
eover des t bei t d
, pie ng ol
r pea edl t t rc
e t y hat hei onduc w asvi atng t l ,bot de e nt per i t i
t
ol i he aw
h f nda s s sed n
s
endi adver iem e sup untlt day be or ti ,w hen t s dow n t
ng
ts nt
i he
f e ral
hey hut
he
c pa and fl f per onalba upt y.
om ny
ied or s
nkr c The c tf
our ound t
hem labl bec e ' o
i e aus '
t

hol ot r ie w oul alow t i vi
d he w s
d l he ndi dualdef
enda st s m pl di s ve Bl tax,s nt o i y s ol
as f et

up ane s l c r r ton, nd r pe tt i c
w hel o po a i a e a her onduc . I .seas J c s nFieStr
t' d; e lo a k o v a
'
Cae ig I . , a o No. 0 1 0 0 2 1 W L 5 6 3 0 a * ( D . ih.
trn , nc p Be s n, 1 - 0 1 , 0 3
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( fie ' r onal pa tcpa e i t pa e o a a horz ton f t f x a ' ;
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)
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lng J nt1 g.
s a c , nc,
CI A
0004360,2003 W L

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o
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x.
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upe vii m o e v .
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m
i pl
i n her eas he aw
e .,
l l
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'. s cae Te. rco yPu l h r,7 6F.d 8 ,8 1( 1h Ci. 9 5 ( c po a e
p Aso itd lDie tr bi es 5 2 01 1 1 t r 1 8 ) a or r t
s
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i nf i
nt f
t ' s l

pa tcpa e i (hei rngi a tviy'o ' st a lt t s r iei rng ng
rii t s n t nfi ng) ci t ' r ' he biiy o upe v s nfi i
ha
a tviy a ha afna ili e e t i i)F. C. . o l M e i Br k r, 5F. 7 8
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pr s rbe a tviyv ;Ti ma ' W h ao - v n Rer ainAs ',I .51 F.d 1 4 , 1 6
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6-

( h Ci. 9 5 ( r c o sa e' r o ly la ewhe t y i e i nal c us a
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pe
n he ntnto ly a e
c r ai n't dic i i t o t ba i o r c )
o por to ' o s rm nae n he ss f a e .
Gi t 1 and t evi nc pr s ed, t Cour c m othol H eiel
ven he aw
he de e e ent he
t az
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