Salgado et al v. Taser International, Inc. et al

Filing 144

ORDER Granting in Part and Denying in Part 113 Motion for Summary Judgment. Signed by Senior Judge James Lawrence King on 2/4/2015. (jw)

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U NI TED STA TES D I STR I C O U R T CT SO UTH ERN D I STR I O F FLO RI CT DA M I M I DI I O N A V SI CA SE NO .1 24458- v- l G 2c K N J ORGE SALGADO a BARBARA nd ALFARO,i vi ly a a Condi dua l nd s Pe s lRe e e t tvesoft Esaeof r ona pr s n a i he t t Ge ge Sal do,de as or ga ce ed, Pl n i f , ai t f s CI OF W EST M I I aFl i TY AM , orda M uni i lCor r ton,M YRNA LOPEZ, cpa po ai a RAUL BARON , nd De e nt . f nda s / O RD ER G M N TI G I PAR T A ND D EN Y I I PA RT DE FEN DA N TS'M O TI N S N N NG N O FO R SU M M A R Y JUD G M EN T THI CAUSE comesbe or t Cou tu n De e nt M yr Lope a Ra Ba on' S f e he r po f nda s na z nd ul r s M otonf Summar J i or y udgme ( l1 )(hei fc r 'moto 'andt Ciy ofW etM i ' nt DE 3 t s ie s in' of ) he t s amis Moton f Summay J i or r udgme t ( 1 .The motons ae f l bree Pli if,i t i n DE 04) i r uly ifd. antfs n her Co s ld td Repo et b t W etMimisa t eo fc r 'mo in f rs mmayj d me t n oi ae s ns o oh s a ' nd h fies to s o u r u g n ( 1 )1v 1 naiy d s se terj 1 8 cam a an tte Ciy ( u tX1) Plitfs DE 31 , o u trl imis d h i 9 3 li g is h t Co n 1. anif' rmanigCou t ae 1 11 1 V1,a d V1l t e j 1 8 camsa an tBao a Lo e a d e in n s r , 1, V, l n 1 h 9 3 li g is r n nd p z n lPl i if di no com pl w ih Loc Rul 56. 1 i t tt i s a e e ofm at r a f c s doesnot a ntf s d t y t al e n ha he r t t m nt eil a t c r s nd wih t or r a par gr phore po t he de nd a a numbe i s he e us d by De e nt .Def nda s rng c m e f nda s e nt ur t Co t on t tbass aone,t de m De e ge he ur, ha i l o e f ndan s sa e nt ofma era f c s a te t ' t t me s t i l a t dmitd. The Cour deci t do s al i Pli if 'nonco pla e hasm a t Co tsr viw oft t lnes o o, bet antfs m inc de he ur' e e he i t ntm otonsm o e bur ns e. ns a i r de om t Fl i W r ng ulDe t cli a i ta 1r i ng De e nt . I t s O r r t Co t he orda o f a h a ms gans l ema ni f nda s2 n hi de , he ur a e s Ba o a Lopez' dee eofquaii i miy fom Plitfs j 1 cli a ddrses r n nd s fns lfed mmt t r anif' 983 ams nd rs r sr i onPli if'W r ulDe t cai (xc pta t Dee ntLope . e eve ulng antfs ongf ah l ms e e s o fnda z) = l B ackeround The r e nt undi pu e m a e i l f c s a e as f l s O n A pr l 1 201 l r e el va s td tra a t r olow . i 2, 2, s a l Rod i zwasviii hi find,M art Lopez,f l rgue stng s re iza or unch a he e fce y a rm e .DE 11 t r fi inc pa t nt 2, ! 1 n2 Ro iu z a s rd a k o k a M aiz ' d o t fn t p o e sa dng o tie .. drg e n we e n c t rta s o r o i d wo e pl tn i u sd : nda za i 3 nd n ntr l or l d e M a iza s ne - oo nei hbor A m a N a ro, a a e i e y nude J ge Sa gado.4 1 . Se rt ' xt d r g , alo DE 1 4, a 32: s 32- t 6-8. Sal do, s a i a wih bul ng eyes as d Rodrg ga we tng nd t gi , ke i uez f r o maiu n o c c ie DE 1 2 4 a 3 1 3 :6 8 Ro rg e se pe o tie co e t d o r a a r o an . j 3 - , t 2:4, 5 1 -1 . d iu z tp d u sd , l s d he o r be nd hi ,a t d Sagado t t he mus g i hi m nd ol l ha t o ndoor be us he ca s ca e nnot be na d o sde. ke ut i DE l 2,! ln. Att t Saga atc d Rod i z.Heca d a hi tid t biehi a 1 2. ha, l do ta ke rgue lwe t m, re o t m nd knoc hi t t gr k m o he ound,t e a hi cot s a gr ppl wih hi 1 Na ro fed.DE 13 4, or t s l he , nd a ed t m. d. za i l 2a 37: -22. Rodr gue w ho w a 70 ye r o1 a t tm e m a t 21 i z, s a s d t he i , nage t ti Sa ga 5e c pe ba k d o rp l do, s a c i o M a iz s a r m e ,a c l t polc I a 38: 1 nt rt a' pa t nt nd a l he i e. d t 2 -23,42: 6. Ofi er Ra Ba on a Se ge ntM yr Lopez of t Ciy of W es M i m iw e e ne r fc ul r nd r a na he t t a r a by. DE 1 2,! 1 Th y rs o d d a b c - p u is t a ds ac e c l f rM imiDa e Co ny 1 . e e p n e s a k u nt o ip th d al o a - d u t ofier who we e nota nea t t s e 1 Thedipa c calr pore anake ma be tng fc s r s r o he c ne. d. s t hed l e td d n ai a fm al.I Addii i or ai wasr a t tt na ma a s at c d a t rvi tm e e d tonal nf m ton elyed ha he ked n lo ta ke no he c i 2Al ca esofa ton a ns M im iDa Count a isofi e sha bee dim is . l us c i gai t a - de y nd t fc r ve n s s ed 3Na ai sa d Ma iz ' e fce c a a t n saej i dt g te , e t oac u tadbe id a z ro' n rtas fiin y p rme t r one o eh r n x t o ry r hn hous The e fci nci s a e ac es i e t ough a pa hw a on t sde oft hous D E 1 2- a e. f i e e r c s bl hr t y he i he e. 3 4, t 33: 3-7. 4 Sal ado was wea i a ankl m onio be aus he w a on hous ar es f c e t c r f a . rng n e tr c e s e r t or r di a d r ud g DE 11 !21. 2, 5i orunael --o f t t y,' Rodrg z s i k know how t de e m ys l a ltl bi. i unf t t y r orunael ' i ue ad, i l o f nd ef ite t' ' D E 1 4,a 7 24 32- t 2: -25.Slve had a 1 of sr tfght .1w a ch a 1 of boxi Ilke a ton. 1 s' ot tee i s t ot ng. i c i ' d. ' a 73: -1 t 9 0. 2 by tyi t bie hi . d.Lopez a r ve a t s e a m e Rodr g r ng o t m 1 r i d t he c ne nd t i uez,who ha ve ur d outof d nt e M aiz ' a rme onc a n t mee t arii polc ofi r nea t sr t6I .a ! 2. rta s pa t nt e gai o t he rv ng ie fces r he tee. d t Lo obs r d r dne sfom Rodrgue sc n down t hi t oa , nd c d s et ough hi t n pez e ve e s r i z' hi o s hr t a oul e hr s or cl hi 1 Soo Ba on a rve a Rodrg z ld t t ofi e sdown apahwa on t sde ot ng. d. n r ri d, nd i ue e he wo fc r t y he i oft ho et t bac oft pr ry,wheet efce esae.I a ! 3.Hewane t m he us o he k he ope t r he f inci r d t r d he t tSaga mihtatc 1 a ! 2.The ofi r unholtrd t rt e sast y rac d t ha l do g ta k. d. t fces see hei asr he e he he o n doo ofN a ro' a rm e . E 1 4,a 48: -5. pe r za i s pa t nt D 32- t 1 Ba on sood i font of t d wa a Lope sood a i t t wal,hi r t n r he oor y nd z t ga ns he l dden fom r Sa g svi w.I a 482 3.Ba on s w t Sa g wasna d,s tng pr us l pacng l ado' e d t 9-1 r a hat l ado ke weai of ey, i b c a d frh a h g l a iae ;he s oue a d g o e .DE 1 2 ! 3 4;DE 1 ,! 1 . a k n o t, nd i hy g ttd h td n r wld 1, ! 31 0 Ba on r pe t dl t d Sa g t c m down,butSal do cha ge atBa on t o h t door y. r e a e y ol l ado o al ga r d r hr ug he wa DE 112, ! 4 .Bao a Lo e d ply d terts r a Sag d i p o emo e f .a ! 87 ! -7 r n nd p z e o e h i a e s t la o n r b d . # t . The pr bes f om Ba on' t e s r k a a t c d t Sal do i hi upper t s cl e t hi o r r s as r t uc nd ta he o ga n s or o, os o s h at DE 1 1 ! 1 Lo e ' ts rsr k S la o o hi rg tsd .d S la o g twi n tre e r. 3 , 4. p zs a e tuc ag d n s ih i e l ag d o t h e hi t fv fe o Ba o b f r t ets rp o g sr c . 1 2 !9. o i e e t f r n eo e h a e r n s tu k DE 1 , Sagado fl t t gr nd o sdeoft a rme .1 a ! 1 Afe Bar sfrtfvel el o he ou uti he pa t nt d t 0. tr on' is i s ond t ercy e c ude he dic r d hi t e f m o e tmesi pr mode.Acc di ec as cl oncl d, s ha ge s as r our r i n obe or ng t t t s rdo oad r por,e c dicha ge c tt ed one fve s c o he a e wnl e t a h s r onsiut i - e ond-ong c e The s c l ycl. e ond c l beg n t r e s onds a t r t fr t t t r c e be one s cond l t r t f t c e yc e a h e ec fe he i s ; he hi d ycl gan e a e ; he ourh ycl beg n t s c a w0 e onds l tr an t ffh cyce be n 43 s onds a tr t t DE 1 1 Ba o ae ; d he it l ga ec fe ha . 32- 0. r n i it t tdurng t f fh di c r o of t t o pr ns s s ha i he i t s ha ge, ne he w ongs ha di l d s odge f om Sa gado' c t d r l s hes , 6Saga s w Rodrg za brefy c ed hi , butr te t d whe Rodrg znea ed t sr e . l do a i ue nd i l has m erae n i ue r he te t DE 132- at43: 4, 23-25. 7 % ebel , r IIB. ( s rbi t opeain a e fc oft ts ri pr mode. e ow Pa t I. 1 de ci ng he rto nd fe t he a e n obe ) - 3 t r by dec e i t e f ctvene soft t e .DE 1 1 a 72-73.Pl i if do notge ney he e r asng he fe i s he as r 32- , t antfs nui l dipu e t s howe r t t s rdownl d r porsdo notditnguih be we n cyceswhe e bot s t hi; ve , he a e oa e t si s t e l r h p o g aec n e tdt ap ro a dto ewh r o l o ep o i c n e td. 1 2, 1 n.. r n s r o n ce o e s n n h s ee ny n r ng s o n ce DE 1 ! 0 6 Lope tid t die r he ts r onl o m or tme a t he i ta dt oym e , but i z re o s ha ge r a e y ne e i fer r niil pl nt t mafncin d.d. t 1 . lu t e 1 a ! 1 o Ta n i t lg m os f vo a e t Pli if,Sal do t ne f e down on hi som a h ke n he i ht t a r bl o antfs ga ur d ac s t c whe Ba on t d hi t do s DE 1 4,a 55:2-15.Fr t fr tt s r de oym e s t n r ol m o o. 32- t 1 om he is a e pl nt o Ba o s ffh dic r , Sal do bec m e i apa tt d durng t t s dic ge a t r n' it s ha ge ga a nc cia e i he a er s har s nd hen m ove a ai He c d g n. onvul ed,hi hi hea ag ns t g ound,r l d a ound,a c aw l d a f r a s t s d ai t he r ole r nd r e s a s fo one c ne oft out rm or r he doorc t r t t ot r DE 1 4,a 55,1 1 Bar s ed ourya d o he he . 32- t 06, 28. on hout f t rc urhe omma a Sal do(oke psilt puthi amsbehi hi bac t noa l nds t ga t e tl,o sr nd s k) o vai. U p t t s poi , Rod i z obs ve e r hi t t has be n des i d. Then t o hi nt wo rgue er d ve yt ng ha e crbe 8 M im iDa polceofi e sand t W e tM im ipolceofs e sa rve 1 a 57:4-25.One of a - de i fc r wo s a i lc r r i d. d. t 2 t ofi r 1 Rodrgue awa Rodrgue net r s nor he r a f t r us s of f c he fce s ed i z y. i z ihe aw a d ny urhe e or e a ns Saga f at8l. gai t l do. J. W ih t o he ofi r a rve a Rodrgue gone Ba on move i t ha uf Sa ga t he t r fce s ri d nd i z , r d n o ndc f l do. DE 1 2 ! 1 Bu S la o,wh a ti pon h d b e ts d i p o mo e a la tfv t s 1 , 6. t ag d o t h s it a e n a e n r be d t e s ie i me ar dy,sood up,f e M i miDade of rDiz,a c r d a hi .I Ba on de oye hi lea t ac d a fce a nd ha ge t m d r pl d s t e a Sag i pr mode(ort sxt tme butmis d.I MimiDa ofie M orls asr t lado n obe f he i h i ) se d a - de fc r ae de oye hi tsri pr modeandhi Sag who f lbeor herac d Di .f a ! 1 pl d s ae n obe t lado, el f e e he az #. t 7. 8I Rodrguez' opi on, Sa ga coul haveea iy be n ha n i s ni l do d sl e ndcufe l a 108.Eve as umi f d. d t n s ng t tt sopi o woul beadmisbl a til(heei ape ngmoi t e l i) i doe not ha hi nin d si e t ra t r s ndi ton o xcude t,t s a l t a l i he e n or c ea e a ge ne i s ofm a e i lf t The f tt t i R od i z' ler he na ys s r i r t nui s ue t r a ac . ac ha , n r gue s opi o Ba on a Lope c d ha ea iy ha ni n, r nd z oul ve s l ndcuf e Sal do does no be r o t fd ga t a n he ra o a ln s o t efr et a Ba o a dLo e u e , c i me s r do j ci ey. e s n b e e s f h o c h t r n n p z s d whih s a u e b e tv l 4 As Sal do f l Ba on punc d a ki ke hi .I W ih Saga on t gr ga el, r he nd c d m d t l do he ound ag n,Bar ai on a ot r ofies sr e t ha uf Sagado.1 t ! 1 Ofier M or e r pe e y nd he fc r tuggld o ndc f l d.a 9. fc als e atdl ds h r e h s ts r - ih tme (t fv -e o d c ce e c ) i j t o e t miu e , ic ag d i a e-- g t i s a i es c n y ls a h n us v r wo n ts e a c di t t do nl d r por .D E 1 1 c or ng o he w oa e t 32- 0.Sa ga r l d on t gr l do ole he ound and ti t bie red o t Bao slg. 1 2 ! 1 . ma g dt sa d u a an a dwa a an tk n d wn. 1 2-, r n' e DE 1 , 8 He na e o tn p g i n s g i a e o DE 3 1 a 8 18 t 5: -86: 9.Ba on ti t t s Sal do a s nt e gh h a ni h tm e, hes tm e i drve 1 r red o a e ga eve h, i t nd nt i t e i s n i sun m ode.1 Ba on bele s t tt s ls tle us ofhi t e di no ma c a twih t d. r i ve ha he e a t l e es r s as r d t ke ont c t Sa ga be aus Saga wa r lng a avoi ng t t s rsrke .I ButPl ntfs e r,Dr l do c e l do s oli nd di he a e ti s d ai if ' xpe t . J M a r cc ni i ii s one d i sun m a ki on Sa g ohn r a i , dentf e r ve t r ng l ado' l g. E 1 5,a 49'D E 1 2, s e D 32- t , 08at8.9 W ih muli eofie ssnl i a hol ng Sal do down (ncudi Lope who hed t tpl fc r t gglng nd di ga i l ng z, l Saga slgs,MimiDadeofi rCaioma ge t putSaga i handc f. l 2, ! 1 l do' e ) a tce r na d o l do n ufs DE 1 ! 9- 2 I a dto t sr g l ,Saga o s i a d s o td ic h r nl .1 .a ! 2 .M imiDa e 0. n d i n o tu gi i ng l d pt n h ue n o e e ty d t 0 a - d ofi r pl e 1g r tant on hi a eme ge y medi lpe s me ta pore hi t La ki fce s ac d e esr i s m nd r nc ca r or l r ns td m o r n Co nt Ho pi l 1 .a ! 2 -2 TheeSag d r g se e afve a h g a 1 5 d g e s mmu i s t . d t ! 0 2. r l a o e itrd e r s ih s 0 e re . y a 1 a !22.Hedidt ne momi a a oxi tl 5: a. .a d. t e he xt ng t ppr maey 30 m , bout1 hour a t Baon a 5 s fer r nd Lope s i ta t s rde oym e s 1 z' nii l a e pl nt . d. 1 St andar on M otonf Summar Judament d i or v S mmayj d me ti a p o raewh r t p e d n sa d s p o t gmaeil e tbih u r u g n s p r p it e e he la i g n u p ri n tras sa ls t tt r i no ge ne is a t a m ae i lf cta t tt m ovi pary i e il t ha he e s nui s ue s o ny tra a nd ha he ng t s ntted o j udgmen asamatroflw. eFe R.Ci P.56;Ceotx Cor v Catet 477U. 31 322 t te a Se d. v. le p. . r t, S. 7, ( 986) A fc i i tral'i i i ma deemi t outomeundert a ia es t i 1 . a t s k ei ' f t s y tr ne he c ma he pplc bl ubsantve 9 'he e a e pe ng m otons t e ude M a r cc ni s opi on, butD e e nt do nota t ck t s r r r ndi i o xcl ra i ' ni f nda s ta hi fndi ofhi i ng s. 5 l An ron v fiery Lobb nc. 477 U. 242,248 ( 98 .The nonmovi pa t mus aw. des . b t y,f , S. 1 6) ng ry t s w s cfc f c s t s ho pe ii a t o uppor t t t r i a ge ne diput 1 a t ha he e s nui s e. d. t256.On a moton f i or s mma yj d me t t ec u t s ve t ee ie c a r s l ealifr n e i t l h mo t u r u g n , h o r mu t iw h vd n e nd e o v l n ee c s n he i t s g f vor e t t no a abl o he nmovi pa t 1 at255.l r vi ng t r c d e de ,t Cour m a ng ry. d. n e ewi he e or vi nce he t y n t u d ra t e j r s fnci n o weg i te e d n e o u etkn ce i ii o n etke h u y' u to f ihng h vie c r nd ra ig rd blt y dee nains fatmerv. i To ,l .60lF. 1 1 ( 1h Ci. 0 . tnui to . i Roarng yz nc, 3d 224, 237 1 t r 201 ) 11 . 1 W he he Bar and Lope areEntted t O ualfe l m univ1 t r on z il o ii d m t 0 Ba on a Lope as e t t t t a e e il t qua iid i uniy fom Pl ntfs r nd z s r ha hey r ntted o lfe mm t r ai if ' j1 cams To r ol t s t Cour mus c i r t f l ng t que tons Fis, 983 li . es ve hi, he t t onsde he olowi wo si : rt tta e i t lg tmo t a o a l t t p ry a s rigt eij r , ot efcsalg ds o te ' lk n n he ih s f v rbe o he a t se t h n u y d h a t l e h w h l n e ofie ' c fc rs onduc vi ae a c tttonalrght' Saucir v Kat,533 U. 1 201 ( ) t oltd onsiui i ?' e . z S. 94, 2001. Se ond,a s i a c tt i l vi aton,or i a c tt i lvi a i i s c s um ng onsiutona ol i f onsiutona olton s hown,di t d he ofi e ' c fc r s onduc vi ae cea l esa ihed lw?1 1 t ol t l ry t bls a d.1 Pli if c end t t f c Ba on and Lo z us wa e e sve unde t Fourh a ntfs ont hat he or e r pe ed s xc s i r he t Am e ndm e , S c gua ant s cii e t r ght ço be s cur i t i pe s nt i h whi r ee tz ns he i t e e n he r r ons . . aga ns . i t unras bl ..s i e 'oft pes n. Gr e ona e . ezurs he ro ' aham v.Connor 490 U. 386,394 ( 989) lg-he ' , S. 1 .t-q l t s Of r a ona e s unde he Fou t Amendment i not c pa e of pr c s de i ton or et e s bl ne s rt rh s a bl e ie fnii me haniala i ton. 1 a 396.Rat r i l e r a c r ulbalncng of dhe naur a c c pplcai ' d. t ' he , t ç quies a ef r a i t t e nd q iy of t i r i on t i vi l s Fourh A m e en i t r s s a ns t ualt he nt us on he ndi dua ' t ndm t n e e t ' gai t he 1 w he he t ofi r 'us of f c a ns Sal do, i l ng po e i l 1 t s di c r s 0 t r he fce s es or e gai t ga nc udi t ntaly 9 a er s ha ge i pr a drve- t m ode ca e or c rbut t Sal do' de t i a hoty di put d i s n obe nd i s un , us d onti ed o ga s a h, s l s e s ue i t sc s ,c nrlt Pli tfs sae 1w wr ngulde t c ns a t e s b e to ds td n hi a e e ta o anif' tt a o f ah ou t, nd h u j c f ipue e r t si ony.Forpur e oft qua ii i muniy a yss howe r t Cour c l xpe t e tm pos s he lfed m t nal i, ve , he t oncudes t ti ne d notr s vet ca e ofde t is . ha t e e ol he us - - a h s ue 1 Alho 1 t ugh i i notm a t y t do s , t Cour w il dec de t fr t que ton tr t as t ts nda or o o he t l i he i s s i i s , he SuprmeCour rco nds Se Pe s v.Calahan,555U. 223,23 ( ) e t e mme . e aron l S. 6 2009 . c untr ii gove ntli eessa sa '1 ( i Tenne s ev Gar r 471U. 1 8 o evalng mme a ntr t t tke. d. quotng ' s e . ne , S. , (985:.I Seq rs eaeulatnton t t fcs a crumsa es o e h pa tc a c e, 1 t i uie rf te i o he a t nd ic tnc f ac riulr as r i l ngt s vert oft c i a is whe he t s pe tpos a i e ae t e tt t neudi he e iy he rme t s ue, t r he us c es n mm di t hr a o he s f t oft ofk e soro he s a wheherhe i a vel r itng a r tora tm ptng t e de a ey he t r t r , nd t s di y essi res te i o va ars byti . f (ii Gar r 471U. a 8 . re t lght' J. ctng ne , ' S. t -9) Th l e s n bln s' o a p riulr us o f re mu t b j d e fo t e e û a o a e e s' f a t a e f o c r c s e u g d rm h pe s c i ofa r as bl ofi ro t s e ,r t rt n wih t 20 20 vii r pe tve e ona e fce n he c ne a he ha t he / son ofhi i ht ...W ih r s c t a c ai of e es i f ce t s m e s a r of nds g . t e pe t o l m xc sve or , he a t nda d r a ona e s a t m om e a i s S ot e r pus or s e s bl ne s t he nt pple : l N ve y h hove,e n i i m a ve f t y ltrs e ume e s r i t ep a eo aj g sc a r, J hn o v Glc , 1 ae e m l c say n h e c f ud e' h mbes' o s n . ik 48 ' F. a 1 2d, t 033,vi a e t Fourh Ame m e .The c c us of r as olt s he t nd nt al ul e onabl s ene s m us embody a l t lowanc f t f tt tpolc ofi e sa e ofe f ce t m a e or he ac ha ie fc r r tn or d o ke s l -e o d j d me t- i cru tn e t ta e tns ,u e ti ,a d rpil pi s c n u g n s n ic msa c s ha r e e nc ran n a dy t evol ng- a utt n o off c t ti ne es a y i apa tc a st ton. vi bo he m unt or e ha s c s r n riulr iua i 1 . t39 - 7. e iq iy lsa o jcieo e t eq e to i wh t e teof e s a to ae d a 6 9 Th n ur l n be t n : h u sin s eh r h sc r ' cins r i v ' be tv l ra o a e i l h o tefcsa dcru tn e c n r n ig te wih u rg r o j ciey e s n bl' n i t f h a t n ic msa c s o fo tn h m, t o t e ad g t t i u r yi i e orm otva i ' I a 397. o he r nde l ng nt nt i ton.' d t A . D ef endantM vrna Lopez Pl n if have f ie t s aitfs a ld o how t Lope sus soff c we e unr s bl ûourFourh hat z' e or e r ea ona e. l t Ame d n j rs r e c ha ln rc g z d t a t erg tt ma e a a rs o i etg t r n me t u ip ud n e s o g e o nie h t h ih o k n ret r nv siao y s op nec s a iy c r i s w ih i t r g t us s e de ee ofphys c lc r i o t e tt r of t e s r l a r e t t he i ht o e om gr i a oe c on r hr a he e t ef e t i. 1 a 396.The undiput d f c s s o f c t' d. t ' s e a t how t t Lo z' onl us s of f c a ns ha pe s y e or e gai t Sal do wee t t ( ) s de oye a dic ge he t era Sag i pr mode a ga r ha 1 he pl d nd shar d r as t lado n obe s Sal do c r d twad he a Ba o a ( s hed Sag s l a ot r ofi r ga hage o r r nd r n; nd 2) he l lado' egs s he fces sr e w ih a ha uf e Sa ga The e ac i w e e c ea l r as bl See e. ,D r pe tuggl d t nd ndc f d l do. s tons r l ry e ona e. , g. a r v.Re d ,369 F. 1 ynols 3d 270,1 ( t Ci.2004)(oncl ng t tt sngl us ofa t e 278 11h r c udi ha he i e e asr a ns a l tl belg e ,and uncoopeai 's pe di notc tt e e esi f c ) gai t ' ie, liernt hos rtve' us ct d onsiut xc sve or e . Lope i e il dt qua ii i uniy.1 z s ntte o lfed mm t 2 B. D e endantR aulBar f on Pl ntfsHa Sufk inty Shown aConsiu i na Vi ai ai if ve t e l tt to l ol ton The go r ve nmen ali e t t a sa i t sca e a e oft hi s i ra . They a e t nt r ss t t ke n hi s r he ghe t mpo tnce r no ls t n t i e e t i s f gua di cii e a ofi r ai fom vi e a da r us e s ha he ntr ss n a e r ng tz n nd tce lke r olnt nd nge o be vi .Tha t c i e Saga c ha or t he rm s l do omm it d we e s ve e a t t he a m om e s vi e ty te r e r , nd ha t nt ol n l r sse a r t a ebeyond diput e itd res, r s e. Of hi h i pora e t a e Sal do' Fourh Am e e t i e ess i beng fe fom g m tnc oo r ga s t ndm n nt r t n i r e r unr a ona e s z esofhi pe s n.Pl i if ha s e s bl eiur s ro antfs ve hown e nough f c st s a t o uppo tt c l i r he oncuson t tt na ur a qua iy oft i tusons i o t e i t r t we e dipr tona e y s r ha he t e nd lt he n r i nt hos n e ess r s opori t l eve e. Acc di t M i BrveofTasrl enai l l .(ç er',on whos de ii t tmony or ng o ke a e ntr tona, nc i Tas ' ) e poston esi De e nt r l t Tas rX 26 us d by Ba on and Lopez i a sngl s tdevie.DE 1 6,a f nda s ey, he e e r s i e-ho c 07- t l he as r s r gge n obe 21 1 1 W he a of i e fr tpuls t t e ' t i r i pr m ode, a e e t i als r c e : 7.3 n n fc r i s n l c rc pa k aus s t nir n c ps es t pr l t o p obe out a d a ei - e a e .I a 2 1 23 wo toge a ul o ope w r s w r t ghtdegr e ngl s d t : -22: , 1 22: I t pr beshi a pe s n,hooksa t e oft pr s e era peron' s n ora t h t 7. f he o t ro t he nd he obe nt s s ki tac o hi c ot ng.I at 22: -6.The r m ai c s l hi d 3 y e n onne e t t t s r by t n, i ul t d w ie.I a ct d o he a e hi ns a e r d t 22:-2.Thusat che t t erde i r a eecrcc r ,as um i t r i acomplt c r ui 1 ta d, he as lve s n l ti ha ge s ng he e s eed ic t ( a ngt ee tiiytowsfom t ts rt oughoneoft pr ,i ot pes a t me ni he lcrct l r he a e hr he obes nt he ron, nd hen 1 Fort s m e r as , Pl ntfshave f l t s 2 he a e ons ai if aied o how,a t mus unde Fl i s W r ul s hey t r orda' ongf De t Ac,t tLo z i c e i bad f ih orwih ma ii pur e or i a m a a h t ha pe û t d n a at t lc ous pos n nnere bii xhi tng wa o a wiluldir gad ofhuma rghs sft orpr ry. Fl Stt j768. 4 ( ntn nd lf se r n i t, aey, ope t ' a. a. ' 289)$. Th r f r,Lo e i e tte t s mma yj d me o Co n I o P an if 'Se o d Ame e e eo e p z s nild o u r u g nt n u t V f litfs c n nd d Com pl i . a nt 1 For Br s deposii , t Cour ct s t t ta c i ' pagi ton r t rt n t oft 3 ave' ton he t ie o he r ns rpts na i a he ha hat he ECF doc tenty. ke r ba ktz c h ought ohe pr bet t ts r.d.a 22: 1 8.Alho t ts ri po e a upt he t r o o he a e) 1 t 1 -1 t ugh he a e s werd t o 5 000 volsofeldrciy, pe s n t t e r ce ve l st n 3, vols 1 a 35:-11 0, t e i t a r o hus as d e i s es ha 000 t . d. t 1 . The pr c s efe t t a t s r ha on a peron t t ed depe on m a f ct s e ie f d ha ae s s hus as nds ny a or , i udi whatt pr s e d i (. ,how fra r t p obe aewhent y at h)a t ncl ng he obe pr a s ie. a pat he r s r he tac nd he l vel a l ng h of e ec r c c r t t i a t l d i r d t t per on.f a 22: 9 e nd e t l ti ha ge ha s c ualy elve e o he s J. t 1 -23: . 2 Ot rf t si udewha pa4 oft bo t pr he acor ncl t l he dy he obesa t c t how m uc body mas t pr ta h o, h s he obes e ount r or e n ho m uc s t a pe s ha i hi s t m .1 t 38: -18.D e ndi on a nc e, ve w h al r on s n s ys e d.a 8 pe ng c ombi to of t s a ot r f c or ,t t s r m i o y c e l a ied pa n of va yi nai n he e nd he a t s he a e ght nl aus oc lz i r ng s rt 1 a 45:9 Ba onde ci hi o e re ebengt ed( i hi tai ng)a eveiy.d. t 1 -23. r s rbes s wn xpeinc i as durng s r ni s ûhewor tpa n Iveeve f l. DE 1 2- ,a 25:2-1 Thet s rm i a s c ene o us ul r i t s i ' r e t' ' 3 1 t 1 3. a e ght lo aus ur m c a i a ia i n,whi h i a i unt r t ns ng of t m us l s s a m i c e a pe s t nc pac t to c s n nvol a y e i he c e , uch s ght aus r on o 'oc up lkeaboad a fl o . DE 1 6 a 1 1 1: 1 Se alo i a 46: -47: (kf s k i l r nd al ver' ' 07- t 0:9-1 5.4 e s d t 24 2 li lve gota 18-nc pr s e d on you wih a f lde i r c r e,eihe fontorba k,you ' n i h obe pr a t ul lve ed ha g t r r c ca beKi Kong,a you'egoi t got t toor....'. n ng nd r ng o o he l ' ) The r c d s e or uppor s Pl ntf s con e i t t Bar n w a f ii r w ih a ha be n t ai if ' t nton ha o s am la t nd d e tai d on t mos upda e Tas rX26 tani m ae il pr d t lw e or menta nces r ne he t td e r i ng tra s ovi ed o a nf ce ge i by Ta e .DE 1 2- a 26: sr 3 1, t 24-27: ;DE 1 1 a 2.The ve son ofTas rta ni ma e i l a 1 07- , t ri e r i ng t ras nd w a ni i e f c on Apr l 1 201 w as C e s on 1 ' D E 1 6,a 1 7 r ngs n f e t i 2, 2, s r i 8. v ' 07- t 00: -15.V e s on 1 ri 8 c nan te f lo n c mme t a d wann :( ) l fc rs s o l c nsd r t a ECD o tis h o lwig o n s n r igs 1 s ie gj h ud o ie h t of gl toni contol de c e ur f l r t 1 s co ( t r due t muli e eecr c r vie) xpos e or onge han 5 e nds whehe o tpl a i tonsorc i pplcai ontnuousc i ma i r s t rs ofde t orsrousij y,'DE 1 2- 1 yclng) y ncea e he ik ah ei n ur ' 3 1, ' The t er do oa r pors do not ditnguih be we n cyces wher bot pr ngs a e 4 as wnl d e t si s t e l e h o r c me tdt apes a t ewheeo yoneprngi c ctd. 11 ! 1 n. Neihe do ol ce o ron nd hos r nl o s onne e DE 2, 0 6. t r t y i onu how m a s onds of e ec rca c r w e e a ua l de i r t a pe s o t i he nf ny ec l ti l ha ge r ct ly lve ed o r on, r he r d e ofefec i nes .D E 1 6,a 61 1 egr e f tve s 07- t : 9-24. a 4;( t rs oft ECD c i c r a ar ti ve' 1 (ppr maey one i 1 000 t 2) he ik he ausng adic res s l ow a oxi tl y n 00, a iatons,bu ithe f t r a ECD da ti a fom t he r,t lwe t rs of pplc i ) t k l urhe n l r s way r he a t he o r he ik afdi gt eh a t' d a 31 ( )'th a p iain o t eECD i ap ysc ly srs f e e t' fe n h e r, i . t ; 3 ç l e p lc to f h ' g s h ial te sul v n , ' i a 36;4)ig he posi e, voi ngECD c ts s rduce t rs ofa f tngt heat' d. t ( çwl n sbl a di hes hot e s he ik feci he r,' i a 47;a ( iinaphysol cal o mea ialycompr s pe s a physol cor d t nd 5)û l l i ogi ly r tbolc l omied ron ny i ogi mea o i c a g ma c us o c nrb t t d ah o sro sij r '1 . t51 tb lc h n e y a e r o tiu e o e t r e iu nu y. d a . ' l be t comes cl r t tPl ntfs ha s ea ha ai if ve hown e nough f c s whi h, i c e t d by t at c f r die he f c fnde ,woul s a ti r d uppor a c uson t tt f c Ba o us d was unr as bl .Fis,t t oncl i ha he or e r n e e ona e r t he d s ue fcs o ti c s b ig it s ap rle Gr h mb c mma d ta çth c luuso ip td a t f h s a e rn no h r eif a a s o n h t i l e ac l f l r as bl ne smus e body alowa f t f tt tpolc of e sa e ofe f ce t ma e ona e s tm l nce or he ac ha ie fc r r tn or d o ke s i-e o dj g n s i cr u tnc st taetns , n e ti , ndrp dy e ovig a o t pl s c n ud me t- n ic msa e ha r e e u c ran a a i l v l n - b u t t amountoff c t ti ne esar i apa tc a st ton. Gr he or e ha s c s y n riulr iua i ' aham v Connor 490 U. 38 ' . , S. 6, 396 (98 .Fo i t sca e Baon' de ii t ts Sal do t s c t r andf t -97 1 9) r n hi s , r s csons o a e ga he e ond, hid, ourh tm e we eea h ma i s co . r sde son t t s Sa ga t t r tme wa m a i a i s r c de n e nds Ba on' cii o a e l do he hid i s de n lt r ls i s c ie a plt e ond. Eve gr ntng Ba on t sd l nce't ne -nsan a ousr - s har bet e e c n a i r hi k owa ,'he ari t t ne al e dic ges we n a h of Ba on' fr tf c l s c e t s a ge ne dipu e ove t r as bl ne s of t di c r . r s i s our yc e r a e nui s t r he e ona e s he s ha ges Ba on cl m s t t ea h di c r wa i r pons t Saga s r f alt f l a tona r ai ha c s ha ge s n es e o l do' e us o olow ddii l c omma gi n i t i er l bewe dic r s DE 1 1 a 40:7-1 (l h a to l nds ve n he nt vas t en s ha ge . 32- , t 1 9 k Eac ddiina de oyme ofmyt e wa ars tofnotf l ngvebalc pl nt asr s e ul olowi r omma ' . ealo i a 39: nds' Se s d t 23 ) 40: (1 alowe Sag t r c rfom t fve s c cyce ofea h tsng,1is d hi 1 ûl l d lado o e ove r he i e ond l c ai sue m veba c r l omma .Sal nds gado wo d notrs ul epond t my vebalcomma .) Thets rdownlad o r nds' . ' ae o r por c r c st sand s e t ontadit hi uppo t t i e enc t tBa on' s c t oug f urh dic r s rs he nf r e ha r s e ond hr h o t s ha ge 1 0 w e e un o r pr voke by nonc pla e w ih o de s Thi w e ghs a ns Ba o e pe i ly i lg d om i nc t x r . s i gai t r n, s c a l n i ht o t r c d de ope i t s c e a t how s ve e a i r i t t s r dic r s a e f he e or vel d n hi as s o e r n ntuson he a e s ha ge r - pa tc a l gi n t pr s pr miy t Sal do' he r,t exc s of 1 s onds of ri ulry ve he obe ' oxi t o ga s a t he es 5 ee dic ge a Saga s e de t s har , nd l do' vi nt t i ogialy orm e a i aly c pr ie 'sa e a 1of physol c l t bolc l om om s d' tt , l w hi h we e f c or Ba on kne t i r as t r s ofdea h. c r at s r w o nc e e he i k t Se ond,Rod i z' des rpton of Sal do' beha or m ae i l contadit Ba on' . c rgue s c i i ga s vi traly r cs r s Ac or ng t Rod i z,Sal do c c di o rgue ga omple wih Ba on' comm a t go û l down. DE 1 id t r s nd o ç y bel ' ' 324,a 55:2-15.Rodrg z a knowldge t t Sal do t t 1 iue c e d ha ga ' d c woul ompl one mom e a t n y nt nd he m ove'and t he m ove al t gr und,a f asfom one end oft c t r t t ot r ' hat d ong he o s ar r he ourya d o he he . 1 a 1 21 d. t 28: -22.ButRodrgue s ae t tSa ga s move e swe e S a r sve,'i a i z t td ha l do' m nt r l gg es i ' d t not 5 1 -1 , n ta d e ( ag d ldin ttyt sa d u a a y mo n . .'I a 1 6 1 -1 8:0 3 a d h t û S la o d ' r o tn p t n me t . . d t 0 :5 9. h ' Thi t s i ony c e es a ge ne di put ove whe he s h s gnii a i r i a t e s e tm r at nui s e r t r uc i f c nt nt us ons s hr e s c sve t s r dicha g i pr mode wer r s uc es i a e s r es n obe e ea onabl pr tonat t t t e tofha m y opori e o he hr a r Saga posd k tt e mome t' Gr l do e : h a n . aham v Connor 490 U. 386,396 ( 989)1 Gi n t ' . , S. 1 .5 ve he ge ne y dipu e f c s r r ng Sa ga sbeha o a gi n t s ve e and pot nta l f t nui l s t d a t ega di l do' vi r nd ve he e r e i ly a al i r i oft t s rdi c r s d c tt tonalvi a i co d be f ntuson he a e s ha ge , 1 ons iu i a ol ton ul ound. Sauci r v K at 533 ' ' e . z, U. 1 207( ) S. 94, 2001. l. Thei e ry Esa ihe 'l r . s a l tbls d' nguiy cl Alhoug Pl ntfsha s t h ai if ve hown e ug f t t s no h acs o uppor a co tt tonalvi aton,Bar n t nsiu i ol i o woul silbe e il t qualfed i uniy i hi c d tl ntted o ii mm t f s onduc di notvi at cea l e t bls d l w. t d ol e l ry sa ihe a 1 a 201.The S alentque ton' t a k i t S e ry es a i hed' i r i w he he t s a e d. t é i s s i ' o s n he l a l t bls ' nqui y s cl t r he t t of t l w a t tm e of t i i nt g ve Ef i w a ni ' t t t a l ge c he a t he i he nc de a la r r ng' ha he le d onduc was t 1 The undipu e f tt t Sal do l t r s ood up a c ge a a he of i e does not a t r 5 s t d ac ha ga a e t nd har d t not r f c r le t sco l i The pr bii a i tvi w i t f c s i hi i m us cu bot w ays hi nc us on. ohi t on ga ns e ng he a t n nds ght t t h . u nsiutonal Ho v Pez r 536 U. 7 7 ( nco tt i . pe . le , S. 30, 41 2002) Sill r a ce r wani ' . ilkai nd la r ng'' pr vi d by pror c elw i is fcintt pr cl t de e e ofqua ii i uniy att o de i as a s çufi e o e ude he f ns lfed mm t he s mma yj d me sa e'l a 7 6 F rlw t b û lal e tb ihe , te fcso p e o s u r u g nt tg . d t 4 . o a o e t e ry sa ls d' h a t f rviu ' c ' c s s do notnee t be i m a e i ly s m ia ''t t e a i s i t c s be or i .f a 741 ae d o é t r a l i l r ' o hos t s ue n he a e f e t #. t . û Se al i a 742( sppr ngofali d,over la eonfct smiaiy' .Sg fiil ca e so d. t dia ovi f gi r reinc a ual i lrt ' çolfcas n ) s il be on no i t t t i c tl tce ha he r onduc vi a es e t bls d l w e n i novel f t t ol t s a i he a ve n ac ual cr um sa s'1 a 7 . ic t nce . d. t 41 ' Thi c s pr ent nove f t alc r um s a e .A s de f om s f e a ogi r pec i s a e es s l ac u i c t nc s i r ur ac nal es es tng t f tof a vi e or r s sa s pe t or t f tof nume ous t s r dic r ,a c r ul he ac olnt e it nt us c , he ac r a e s ha ges a ef r i w oft a hortes c t d by t pa tes r vea s no pr ce ntt ti notll s i s bl i ev e he ut ii ie he r i e l e de ha s sdi tngui ha e n afi wa ' fom t pr s ntcrumsa es Viyar v Wis 311F. 1 1 -5 ( 1h ar y'' r he e e ic tnc . n d . lon, 3d 340, 351 2 1 t Ci.200 ( i Sauce v Kat,5 U. 94,202 ( ).The eor t sCour l t r 2) quotng ir . z 33 S.l 2001) r f e, hi t ooks o k oa sae nt ofprnci e i c s 1 (haja e notted t pa tculrze fcs a ca i d ttme s br i pl n a e aw t t r i o ri ai d a t nd n cea l esa ih 1 a iabl't t f ct oft sc s .l a 1 . l ry t bls aw pplc e' o he a s hi a e d t 351 I wa cla l esa ihed on Aprl1 201 t d ovoke f c a ns a non- tl t s e ry t bls i 2, 2, hat ç unpr d or e gai t hosie a non- ol nt s pe t w ho ha notdi obe d i t uc i vi at t t s pec ' r g s unde nd vi e us c s s ye ns r tons ol es ha us ts i ht r te Fo rh Ame d n . Fi v Ci o e tr ,6 7 F.d 1 2,1 9 ( 1h Ci.2 1 .As h ut n me t' l . t fAv n u a 4 3 27 28 1 t r 0l ) ' s y deaied ab ,Pl ntfshav s tl ove ai if e hown e noug f t whi i c edied by t f cti r s h ac s ch, f r t he a fnde , uppor t t co l i t Sa ga co i d wih Bar n' i talor rt go bely down;t tce t n of he ncusons hat l do mple t o s nii de o l ha rai Ba on' s ce s ve t er di c r w e e unpr r s uc s i as s ha ges r ovoked by noncom pla i nce w ih or s t t t t der ; ha he f c us d w a po e i l f al a t t t t e e Sal do di notcom pl w ih or r ,hi or e e s t ntaly at ; nd ha o he xt nt ga d y t de s s nonc pla c it d of m er l r lng on t toor or c a lng.Thes di put f c s w he om i nce ons s e e y oli he l rw i e s ed a t , n c tue i t lg m os f a e t Pl ntfs brng Ba on' c onsr d n he i ht t avor bl o ai if , i r s onduc a l a thi s ond t t e s s ec t o hr ugh f t t e dicha ge - we lwihi t a bi oft a ourh as r s r s l t n he m t he bove-t t clary esa ihe saed e l tbls d lw,s h t tt unl ul s ofhi c a uc ha he awf ne s s onduc woul be cea t a r s bl ofi i .Ba o i t d l r o ny ea ona e fcal r n s note ild t qualfe i muniy. ntte o ii d m t I . V Concl on usi The e or ,i i O R D ER ED , D JUD G ED ,and D EC RE ED a f l s rf e t s A s olow : That De e f ndant, Ra Bar a M y na Lope s M oton f Sum ma y J s ul on nd r z' i or r udgm e nt ( 11 be a t smei, r GRANTED i par and DENI i par. DE 3) , nd he a s heeby n t ED n t a De e d n My na Lo e i g a td s mmay j g n o Co n s I a d Vllo . fn a t r p z s rn e u r ud me t n u t V n 1 f Pl i if 'Sec Ame d Compl nt antfs ond nde ai . b. Dee d n Ra l Bao i d nid s mmay j d me to Co n VI o Plitfs fn a t u r n s e e u r u g n n u t l f anif' Se ond Am e d Compli a i de e qualfe i muniy. c nde ant nd s nid ii d m t Tha t Ciy ofW es M imisM oto f SummayJ t he t t a ' in or r udgme ( 104)ast Pli if' nt DE o antfs volntrl dimis d j 1 cai ( u aiy s se 983 l m CountX1)be,a t s mei,herby DENI as 1 nd he a s e ED moot Tha s me Count X1 of Pl ntfs Sec . t a I ai if ' ond Amended Compl i i he e ant s r by DI I SM SSED wih prj c t eudie. Tha t Cour he e RESERVES RULI t he t r by NG on Pl i if antfs'W r ul De t cai ongf a h l ms a i tDefnda sBaon( gans e nt r Count11 a t CiyofW etM imi( 1) nd he t s a Count1. ) DONE and ORDERED i Cha r a t J n mbe s t he amesLawr nc Ki Fede a J tc Buidi e e ng r l usie l ng a Unie Stt sCourhous M i mi Fl i ,t s4t da ofFe ua y,201 nd t d a e t e, a , orda hi h y br r 5. #- # ., ' J M ES LA REN C E K I G ,' N A' c c: I STATESDITRI TED S CT DGE SOU THERN D I STRI OF CT A1 Couns lofRe d 1 e cor 13 O RI DA

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