Bakar et al v. Bryant

Filing 19

ORDER Granting Motion to Dismiss Count II of Plaintiffs' Complaint Signed by Chief Judge Federico A. Moreno on 10/4/2013. (bnt)

UNI
TED STATES DI
STRI COURT FOR THE
CT
SOUTHERN DI
STRJ OF FLORI
CT
DA
M i miDi son
a
vii
C as N um be 1 21 - V - O R EN O
e
r: 3- 927 Cl M

I
SAAC BAKAR,i vi ly a a pa e a
ndi dual nd s r nt nd
ne fi nd ofhi t e c l r J
xt re
s hr e hid en, ohn Doe #1
,
J Doe#2, ndJ neDoe#1 a I S BAKAR,
ohn
a a
; nd RI
i vi ual
ndi d ly,
Pli if ,
antfs
VS.

D ESM ON D J EL BRY AN T,
ER
De enda .
f
nt

ORDER DI I NG COUNT 1 OF PLAI FFS'COM PLAI
SM SSI
1
NTI
NT
Thi c us ca be or t Cour upon De e ntsM otont Dim isPl ntfs Cli f
s a e me f e he
t
f nda '
i o s s ai if ' a m or

l e i I lc i ofEmotonalDite s Be us t de e ntsa lgedco
ntntonal ntiton
i
sr s . ca e he f nda ' le
nduc doesnotrs
t
ie
t t lve ofç r ousc
o he e l t age
out
onduc' r quied b Fl i l Pl i if 'Coun 1 i dim is d.
t' e r y orda aw, antfs
t 1 s s se

1.

FactualBackground

Ataltm e m aera , ai if I a cBake a li Ba rwe el wf r sde sofM im i
l i s t il Pl ntfs s a
r nd rs ka r a ' e i nt
ul
a -

Da Count Fl i Def nda Des o Br ntr i si Ca ior a a i dom iie i Norh
de
y, orda. e nt m nd ya esde n lf ni nd s
c ld n
t
Ca olna
r i .

Thef c sa al ge byt Pl i if i t rAme
a t s le d he antfs n hei
ndedCompl i a ea f l
ant r s olows: Sunda
On
y,
Fe ua y,24,201 a a oxi t y 5: a. . Def nt Des ond J r l Br antunl wf l
br r
3, t ppr ma el 30 m , enda
m
ee y
a uly

tes s d ont t Pl i if 'f l pr t a be n hitng a poundi on t i fontdoor
r pas e
o he antfs amiy opery nd ga ti nd
ng her r
s
l yandr pe t y. or ngt Pl ntfs Pl i ifla Ba rçr n t t door a t ough
oudl
e aedl Acc di o ai if , antf s ac ka ça o he
s nd,hr

t o a-h pe p n so ga s o s r e De e d n la i go tefmi c r u t u sd t efo t
wo v ls a d a e f ls , b e v d fn a t e n n n h a l a j s o ti e h r n
y
door oft ho e. Pl ntfsa lget De e ntt n a i m ove t t fontpo c a beg
s he m ' ai if le hat f nda he gan
'
d o he r
r h nd an
hitng a poundi t door .Pl ntfs cal t polce;s ty bef e t polce a rve
ti nd
ng he
s ai if led he i horl
or he i ri d,
De e ntr move t fontdoorha e.
f nda e
d he r
ndl
Pli if i taly fl da Co pl nta i tDe e nti saecour. ca eDef nda i
a ntfs nii l ie
m ai ga ns f nda n t t
t Be us
e nt s

notar i tofFl i , nd Pl i if s kda a i e s of$75, Def nda pr rytld
esden
orda a
antfs ee m ges n xce s
000, e nt ope l ie

aNo ieo Re va o dv ri j rs ito g o nd i t sCo r.n a Ame d d Co an ,
tc f mo l n iest u idcin ru s n hi u t l n
y
n e mplit
Pli if ale cli ofasa tte pa s a i e i li lctonofe i dite sCt1 '
antfs lged ams s ul,rs s , nd ntntona nfi i
moton srs 1ED'
)
a i t f ndantl Countl,heii e i lnfitonof m otondites c am , antfsal d
gans De e
.n
I t r nt ntona i lci
e i sr s l i Pl i if lege
t tt De e ntkne t tt Pli if we epe ula l s c ptbl t e otona dite sduet
ha he f nda
w ha he antf s r c iry us e i e o m i l sr s
o
t naur ofbei a ke i t e ry m o ni a s
he t e
ng wa ned n he a l
r ng nd udde y havi t c r Def nt
nl
ng o onfont enda .
De e n Br a s eque l ie aM otont Dim isPl ntfs i e i i lc i
f nda t y nt ubs ntyfl d
i o s s ai if 'ntntonalnfitonof m oton
e i

dite scam p ru n t F d rlRueofCii P o e u el ( )6 .
srs li u s a t o e ea l
vl r c d r 2 b ( )

I.
I

Le St
gal andar
d

Unde Rul 1 b)6)acai s dbedimis dilac e i t wel- e dalegains
r e 2( ( , l m houl
s s e t c ptng he lplade l to
ast e, ai ifi una et sat e
nz apl ntf s bl o t e noug f t t e t bls t ti i pl i et pli ifi e ild
h ac s o sa ih ha t s ausbl he antf s ntte

2009)Bel l i Cor v Twombl 550U. 544,
; lAtantc p. .
y,
S.
t r le As r .fv I , U. 66 676(
o ei f hc o t . qbal556 S. 2,
5 ( ) TheSuprmeCour hedi Twombl t tt lnet t nt fct lyne r la t
60 2007 .
e
t l n
y ha he i û wee he a ual uta nd he
be
f t lys gesi . . t c os edt en e t r al of a i ela lt '550U . a 557n.
acua l ug tve . mus be r s o t r he e m plusbl ibiiy.
'
S. t
5.

Foracai t bepl i e, pli ifmus l e dg fcu c e t tal t c todrw t
l m o ausbl a antf tç a j a tal ontntha lows he our t a he
pl
r as bl i e e et tt de enda i la ef t m ic
e ona e nfr nc ha he f nt s ibl or he s onduc a lged.'qbal 556U. a 676)
t le 'I ,
S. t

-

2-

s ealoAm. nt As ' v Ci Cor ,605F. 1 3,1 ( 1h Ci.201 .û heet wel
e s
De al sn . gna p.
3d 28 290 1 t r 0) t r he l
W
plade f c sdo notper tt cour t i erm or t t m e e pos i lt ofm ico
e d at
mi he
t o nf
e han he r
sbiiy
s nduc ,t
t he
c
ompli ha al ge - buti hasnotShown'- t t plade i e il t r lef'l
ant s le d
t
s
hat he e r s ntted o e i ' d

11
1.

A nal s
ysi

A.

Pl i if Ha N o A lege Fa t Sufk int t Plad A Cl i f l e i l
antfs ve t l d c s t e o e
am or nt ntona
I l c i ofEm otonalD i tes .
nt i ton
i
sr s

To sa ea cli f i e i i lc i ofe o i dites unde Fl i lw,Pl i if
tt
am or ntntonal ntiton
m ton sr s
r orda a
antfs

mus alget t( )Dee ntsco uc wa i e ina orrc es,( Defnda ' c uc wa
t le ha 1 fnda ' nd t s ntnto l e kl s 2) e nts ond t s

o ta e us ( )Dee a tsc n u tc us d Plitfse to a d sr s ,a d ( )t e to l
urg o , 3 fnd n ' o d c a e an if mo in l ite s n 4 he moina
dite swa s vee.Wilamsv.Word deFlghtSe v .I . 877So.2d869,870( a 3dDCA
sr s s e r li
lwi i
r s, nc,
Fl.

2004) fe andev Emmanue,889 So.2d 991 99 ( a.3 DCA 2004) l heherconduc i
; Gr
.
l
, 4 Fl d
.ç t
W
ts
s fcinty ç r eous t saeacai f i entona i lc i ofemotona dite si aque ton
ufi e l outag
' o t t l m or nt i l ntiton
i l sr s s
si

of1w f t Cour t de i 'Gar a v Car v Cor ,8 F.Supp.2d 1 1 ( D. a.
a or he
to cde.' ci . nial p. 38
334, 336 S. Fl
201 ;DeLa Campa v Gr sAm. J . 81 So.2d 940,9 ( a.3 DCA 2002)(lwj t
2)
. fol , ac, 9
43 Fl d
lg ha
c tt e outage c
onsiuts r ous onduc i aque to f t tilc tt deer neasamatrof1 '.
ts
sin or he ra our o t mi
te aw'
)
t hiet r i noe
l l he e s xhausi orc r t ls ofwha c tt e outage c
W
tve onc ee it
t onsiut s r ous onduc , o i
tFl rda

c
ommon1 ha e ve a e rmel hi sa r 'Gar i 838F.Supp.2da 1 (iai
aw s vol d n xte y gh tndad. ca,
'
t 339 ctton

o t d ; e n ev Ho ne 7 7So 2 8 5 8 6( a 3 DCA 1 9 )(tn a df ri urg o s'
mit ) Clme t . r , 0 . d 6 , 6 Fl. d
e
9 8 sa d r o û ta e u '
o
co ti pa tc aryhi i Flrda . Fl i SuprmeCour ha e ane
nduc s riul l gh n oi ) The orda
e
t s xpli d;

(t h sn t e ne ug t a ted fn a t sa tdwiha itn whihi triu
I1 a o b e no h h th ee d n ha ce t n ne t c s o t s
o
ore n c i i , t theha i e
ve rm nalor ha
s ntndedt i l c e i dites , e n t hi
o nti t motonal sr s or ve hat s
cond tha bee c r trz d by û ie, orade eeofa a ton whih woul
uc s n ha ace ie
t c '
mal '
gr
ggr va i
c
d

e il t pli if opunii da
ntte he a ntf t
tve mage f a t rt t Libiiyhasbee f
s or no he or. a lt
n oundonl
y
whe et c
r he onduc ha bee s o r ge i c r c e ,a s e r me i deg ee a
t s n o uta ous n ha a t r nd o xte n r , s
t go be
o
yond a1 pos i e bo
1 sbl undsofde e y,a t ber gar d a ar ous a
c nc nd o
e de s toci , nd
ute l i olr bl i ac viied c
try nt e a e n i lz omm uniy.Ge al t ca ei one i whi h t
t
ner ly, he s s
n
c he
r cia i of t f c s t a a r ge m e be of t com m uniy w oul a ous hi
e t ton
he a t o n ve a
m r
he
t
d r e s
r e me a ns t ac o , lad hi t e a m,l r ousl'
es nt nt gai t he t r and e
m o xcli t age '
out

M er . # I s Co v M c ro 4 So 2 27 , 78( a 1 5 ( uoigRe ttme t( e o d
to L n . . . ca s n, 67 . d 7 2 Fl. 98 ) q tn sae n S c n )
o To t j4 c . ( 9 5 ) V le v GAB Ro isN Am.I c, 2 So 2 8 2 8 6( a 3 DCA
f rs 6 mtd 1 6 ); ad s .
bn
, n .9 4 . d 6 , 6 F1. d
2006)( i Re ttme ( co )ofTorsj46 c .d) Thus tgl r aeonl aveylmie
quotng sae nt Se nd
t
mt . ,çthee r y r i td

s t fc s si whc c u t g a e r c g ie c n u t ss fi in l e rgo t s p o t cam
e o a e n ih o rs h v l e o nz d o d c a u fce ty g e ius o u p r a li
ofi e i na i lc i ofe otonal s s'saadi . ar N o. 07 c 1 -- M . ,
nt nto lntiton m i dites .'
v M oun, 8: - v- 976- -24- * 2008
1

W L 41 482 a * ( . Fl Se .9,2008)(iain andquottonsomitd) ûg qr i uls
9 4, t 4 M D. a. pt
ctto
ai
te .çslee ns t,
i gnii ,hr a s orf leal gai 'a enot
ndi tes t e t, a s le tons' r
enough.Wilams 877So. a 870; e Saadi2008
li ,
2d t
se
,

W L 41 4 2 ,a * l d e e e alg to s o le rh nsbe o j cin be a o fnsv '
9 8 4 t 4. n e d, v n le ain f ' p e e i l, b e to a l, nd fe i e'
r
c n u tha eb e rj ce a is fce tt saeacam f ritn in l n lcino e to a
o d c v e n ee td s n ufiin o tt li o n e to a i fito f moi n l
dite s Wilams b77 So.2d a 8
sr s . li ,
t 70.

l Gar av. nialCor ,ore mpl t c t a e hede e ntsm o i odim is
n ci Car v
p.f xa e,he our gr nt dt
f nda ' tont s s
t pl i ifs i entonali l ci n ofe i dite s cai de pie fndi t tt de e nt
he antf nt i
nti to
moton sr s l m s t i ng ha he f nda
c
omm itd a s ta ba tr ag ns he . F.Supp.2dat1
te s aul nd te y ai t r 838
335.I Gar i t pl ntf ale d
n
c a, he ai if l ge

t s wasappr hed b s ve oft de enda ' c ew m e
hat he
oac
y e n
he f nts r
mber .W he s ve a oft c e
s
n e r l he r w
membe sgr bbe he , antf Ga ci a lge s hadapa cat c whi hm a i difc tf r
r a d r Pl i if r a le d, he
ni ta k, c
de t fi ul orhe
t br t a c us d herc tpa ns 1 Ga ci f t ra l ge t tt c e m e be s ki ked a
o ea h nd a e
hes i . d. r a urhe le d ha he r w
m r c
nd
punc he , hr hert t gr
hed r t ew
o he ound m uli e tm e , ndc f d he i a ha u m n r dr gge
tpl i s ha uf e r n
nnf l nne , a d

he a r st toorwhie s wa ha ufe a t c i d hert a c bi by plci a c e
r c os he l
l he s ndc f d, nd hen onfne
o a n
a ng r w

-

4-

me be i me a eyouti ofhe c bi doora pr ve i herfom ot r s l vi he c bi
m r m dit l sde
ra n
nd e ntng
r
he wie ea ng r a n
untlt f lowi d l at 1
i he o l ng ay. d
336.Fi ng t Fl rda s ta le r m el hi sa r 'f
ndi hat o i e n txte y gh t nda d' or
i e i li lc i ofe i dites cli , hecour hed t not nga lgedbypl i ifwas
nt ntona nfiton moton sr s a ms t
t l hat hi le
antf
t oouta ousi c r t , nds e r m ei deg ee'ast sa ea i en i i lc i ofe oton
i
s r ge n ha acer a o xte n r ,' o tt n nt tonalnfiton m i

dsrs cam. d (iaina q oain o te ) S eas Ke tv Ha rs n 46 So 2 1 l
ite s li I ctto nd u tto s mitd . e lo n . r io , 7 . d 1 4,
l11 ( a 2d DCA 1
5 F1.
985) ( fnsve a haasi co t nonehel s di notc tt e
ofe i nd r sng nduc
t es d
onsiut
t r ous'be virs fcintt pr a i e ina i lci ofemotondite scai .
' age ' ha o uf e o ove n ntnto l ntiton
out
i srs l m)
He e Pl ntfs al ga i ns tke astue do notplad f c s s
r , ai if ' le to , a n
r ,
e a t howi t tDe e nts
ng ha f nda '
co uctwa s fce l outa oust s ts y t e e ous de e of c
nd
s ufi inty r ge
o a if he gr gi
gr e
onduc r quie f r a
t e rd o n

i e i li lci n ofemoton dites cai . ai if aleg t tDef nda woket m a 5:0
ntntona nfi to
i sr s l m Pl ntfs l e ha
e nt
he t 3
a. . a Sunda m or ngby% ti ' nd %
m on
y
ni
û tng'a ç
hi
poundi 'a l temptngt f c 'ope t rdoo s
ng' nd s t
a
i o or e' n hei r ;

s c t yaleg t theûi e t fontdoorhandl of t wooddoor,s rwsa al'a
e ond,he l e ha t pldl he r
r
e f he
s ce nd 1'; nd
t r t y aleg t the di s know knowi kha t Pl i if we e pe ula l s ce i e t
hid, he l e ha
d o
ng s t he antfs r c iry us ptbl o
t
e otona dite sdue t t da an hourhe c e t die hi vi e e a ns t m.'Suc
m i l sr s
o he y d
hos o r ct s ol nc gai t he ' h

aleg i f l ome t r quiielvel S r ge 'b vi s if ngac am f i e i l
l atons ait et he e st e of t a ous' eha or atsyi
out
l i or nt ntona
i lci ofe oton dite su
nfi ton
m i
sr s nderFl i l The sa r us i Fl i sem sfom Seci n
orda aw.
tnda d ed n orda t
r
to

46 of t Re t ement( c
he sat
Se ond) of Tors whih smial hol t t c
t, c i lry ds ha onduc,f i t be
t or t o
' r eous'mus be be nd ç l pos i eboundsofde nc '
t ag
out
,' t
yo l l sbl
a
ce y';
The la lt cla l doesnote endt me e i uls i g tes t eas .. ot r
ibiiy e ry
xt o r ns t, ndinii , hr t. or he
ti a ii s Ther
rvilte .
ough e
dgesofours it a esili ne d ofa good de loftlng
oce y r tl n e
a ii
down, i t m e ntmepli if m us ne es a iy b expe e andr r d t
and n he a i
antfs
t c s rl e
ctd
equie o
be ha dene t a c r a n a ountofr
r
d o e ti m
ough l nguage a t occ i lac st ta e
a
, nd o asona t ha r
defniey i
i t l nconsde ae a unki
i r t nd
nd.

Rettme ( cond)ofTorsj46c .
sae nt Se
t
mtd.
-

5-

Aleg tonst tDef ntBr a wa ye lng a pot ng on t Pli if 'fontdoor
l a i ha
enda
y nt s li nd mdi
he a ntfs r
,
r a dls oft e ry hour smpl donotm e tt sa r r r d t demonsr eç r ge '
eg r e s he a l
,i y
e he t nda d equie o
tat ç a ous'
out
be or Fl i c e1 w m a cea t ta a lga i ofve ba ha as me ,wihoutsg fca
havi . orda as a
kes l r ha n le ton
r l r s nt t
i nii nt
physc l t k,si ufi e t pl da it ntonalnfitonofe otondites c am .nDe r
i a atac i ns fcint o ea n n e i i lc i
m i sr s l i j shio
v Br
. anch,f exa pl t c tno e t tt S ouc t 'of i e i li l c i of e oton
or m e, he our t d ha he l hs one' nt ntona nt i ton
t
m i

dites c s si t hepr e of ee ls physc , swela ve balha as me .' 96- CI
sr s a e s t
t es nce r lnte s
iala
l s r , r s nt'No. 800- V-

T- 7E,1 W L 663974,a *3( . Fl Nov.4,1 ( t i a quottonsomitd) The
1 996
t M D. a.
996) ciaton nd
ai
te .
De r c thel t t t e mus be ç h physca and ve bala e, a t t i mus be
shio our d ha her
t
t
bot
i l
r
bus ' nd ha t
'
t

pe v sve.d ( a i moi t dimis; ealoSaadi2008W L 41
r a i I grntng ton o s s) se s
,
94824,a * Gar a,838
t 4; ci
F.Supp.2da 1 ( fndan c us cew me skike ha
t 336 dee t r ie r
mber c d, ndcufe a drgge a t
fd, nd a d nd hen
c i d pli if butt c tnonehels gantd t deenda ' moin t dimis.Thi i
onfne antf, he our
t e s r e he f nts to o s s) s s
c it ntwih t f c t tFl i hass ta ç xt e e y hi sanda d' f i e i li lc i
ons s e
t he a t ha or da
e n û r m l gh t r ' or nt ntona nf i ton
e

ofe o i dite s cli ,a no hi s tofcond tt xte i de ee'i t ba i of a
m ton sr s a ms nd t ng hor
uc û r me n gr ' s he s s
e
s c s f i e i li lc i ofemoton dites c am .Gar i 838 F.Supp. a 1336.
uc e s ul nt ntona ntiton
i sr s l i
ca,
2d t

B.

D e enda Br ntç
f
nt ya ç
Knew' ofSus ep i ltesofPl ntf s
'
c tbiii
ai if

Pl ntfs r mai ng i e i li lci ofe i dite sa lga i - t tDef nda
ai if ' e ni ntntona nti ton
moton sr s le ton ha
e nt
pur t dl t
por e y t
knew' of c r ai s c ptbiii t t m a Pl i if m or lke y t expe i nc
'
e t n us e i ltes ha
de a ntf s
e i l o
re e
e oi
m tonaldi tes - atem pt t i
sr s
t
s o nvoke a lm ie e pto of i e i
i t d xce i n
nt ntonali lc i of e oton
nfi ton
m i
di tes c e 1 w t t i not a i abl on t s f ct .I c r a n i t nce ,c t ha alow e
sr s as a ha s
pplc e
he e a s n e t i ns a s our s ve l d
pl ntf st s a e a c a m f i en i
ai i f o t t l i or nt tonali lc i ofe oton di tes i t pl ntf ç spec i ry
nfi ton
m i
s r s f he ai if t
i
ula l

s ce i et e i dites ,a t ot rpe s knowsir whe ei c t m a us a l r
us ptbl o motonal sr s nd he he r on
t'
' r n ours y e owe

-

6-

sa r f ç r eo 't e l t t c cti que ton. nk v Na e Comm J, p.829
tndad ort ag us'o vauae he ondu n si Je s . pls
out
Hos ,
F.Supp. 1 1 6( . Fl 2011 ( di t tpl ntf f l t pla cam f i e i l
2d 235, 25 M D. a. ) hol ng ha ai if aied o e d li or ntntona
i lci ofe i dites)Howe rt se e i a iso ywher t c ant e dsfcs
nfiton moton sr s.
ve ,hi xc pton pple nl
e he ompli pla a t
s ngt thedee
howi ha t fndant newoft pli ifss ce i ltesSeeRettme ( cond) Tors
k
he antf us ptbiii .
sae nt Se
of t

j4 ils 1 (i i i ah s tl u frngfo ah at l e s..B e tr A' sc r o f rte
6 lu . 2 t s n o pi s fei r m e r il s .. n e s s ik o m o h
A
a
n
pur e o tyi t s tl a i ur nc cli . si it nce a boitr usc
pos f r ng o e te n ns a e am B' nsse
nd se o onduc c us s r
t a e e ve

e to a dsr s,a dA s fe sahe r atc . i s b e tt la lt t A i hek o o A'
moi n l ite s n
u fr
a t ta k B s u j c o ibii o f n ws f s
y
c ton,bu i notlabl i hedoe notha s hknowldge.'
ondii
ts i e f
s
ve uc
e '
)
He e Pli tfsha not es t d a f c ss
r , a n if ve pr en e ny a t howi t t e ntBr ntkne t we e
ng ha Def nda
ya
w hey r

pe ulal s c ptbl t e tonaldites . eSaadi2008W L 41 24, t*5( a i moton
c iry us e i e o moi
sr s Se
,
948 a grntng i

t d s s o itnina i lcino e to dsrs cam, od n t a ç cli f ritni n l
o imis n ne t lnfito f mo in ite s li h li g h tt lams o n e to a
o
g

itito o e to ldsrs mus alg t eul mae/ c:ta t eCo r c nus t d tr n
nlcin f moina ite s t le e h t t l / h t h u t a e o eemie
i
wh t e tecam c nb s san d'(mp a i a d d . lit f' u g sint a Dee d ttho d
eh rh li a e u t ie ' e h ss d e )Pani s s g e to h t fn r ç ul
)
f
s
ha known' t thi c
ve
' ha s onduc m i ups s e i i ppost whe e,as he e,t r a e no
t ght et om one s na
ie
r
r he e r
aleg tons s si t t Def nt kne Pl i if had a ph i alor men alcondii
l ai
ugge tng ha
enda
w antfs
ny ysc
t
tons
r nde i t m s c ptbl t e i ldites .l i not d i t Polce Re ta t he t t
e rng he us e i e o motona sr s t s e n he i
por tac d o he

Am e d Compli t De enda di noti t nd t a oac Pl ntfs fontdoora di not
nde
ant hat f nt d
n e o ppr h ai if ' r
nd d ,
i f ct know t ti wast i ho e - t Polc Re tsa est tDef ndan bele d he was
n a ,
ha t
her m
he i e por tt ha
e
t ive
r t ni t t hom ehewa sa ng du i t NFL ofs as Eve t
eur ng o he
s t yi
rng he
f e on. n hough Pl ntf l a Ba r
ai if s ac ke
a l es t the m a t pr e of hi f miy known t De e nt not ng on t e f c s
leg ha
de he es nce
s a l
o f nda , hi
hes a t
de ons r t st tD e e nts d havekno n t tt Pl ntf sw e e bec i a hi wor e
m t a e ha f nda houl
w ha he ai if r
om ng nyt ng
s

t n dite s a hi be vi .M e e knowldge t t a pl ntf m iht ha bee çups t'or
ha sr s ed t s ha or
r
e
ha
ai if g
ve n t e'

-

7-

dites e ' c
sr s d'by onduc i nots fce t ti rt sa r f l r ousbe vi . Wensei
ts
ufi int o rgge he tnda d or t age
out
ha or' i t n
'

r Bulik 827F.Supp.11 1 ( D.Pa.1 (1 al t de e ntsk e t tis
. lc ,
93, 205 E.
993) û low he f nda ' mowldge ha t
To
aci nswilu ett pli ift ti rt l rsa r f ûxte a outage 'be vi
to
l ps he antf o rgge he owe tnda d or e r me nd r ous ha or

e vso e i Co nt g fheRettme t wo l al w tee c pto d srb di Co n t
n iin d n mme f o t sae n ) ud lo h x e in e ci e n mme t o
s l w t er l o j4 .)
wal h ue f 65 .
o
9

I .
V

C oncl i
us on

Pl ntfsf i t al gef c st tde onsr t Def nda Br antsa tonsr c d t lve
ai if a l o le a t ha m ta e e nt y ' c i ea he he e l
ofG r ousc
é age
out
onduc 'r r d b Fl i coursf t st t l i t pr e Pl i if ha not
t'equie y orda
t or hi or c am o oce d. antfs ve

de
monsr t d t ta dnl n pe s hole i a pou ng on a doo ea l i t m or ng i
ta e ha
nke ron l rng nd
ndi
r ry n he
ni s
l r ge ' be vi rt to htbe r a ded a ar ous a ute l i ol a e i a cviied
t a ous' ha o ha ug
out
eg r
s toci , nd try nt er bl n i lz

c mmu iy S e Merpola Lf I s Co v Mc ro ,4 7 S 2 2 7,27 - 9 ( 1 .9 5 ;
o nt . e to i n e n . . . ca s n 6 o.d 7
t
8 7 F a1 8 )
Resaeme ( c )ofTorsj46. sCour t rbyGRANTSDee tsM otont Dimis
tt nt Se ond
t
Thi
thee
fndan ' i o s s
a t Count1 ofPl i if 'Am e d Compli t
so
1
antfs
nde
an .

zv
w

D N A DO DRDiCabraMai li,iJ dyfcbr03
O E N REE n hme t i ,od ts aoOte21.
s m Frah
o,
R

FED

Copi pr de t
es ovi d o:
Couns lofRec d
e
or

-

8-

. OR EN O
STA TES DI
STRI J D GE
CT U