Klein v. Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings Ltd. et al

Filing 51

ORDER granting 33 Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment. Closing Case. Signed by Judge Federico A. Moreno on 8/7/2017. (kcg) NOTICE: If there are sealed documents in this case, they may be unsealed after 1 year or as directed by Court Order, unless they have been designated to be permanently sealed. See Local Rule 5.4 and Administrative Order 2014-69.

UNI
TED STATES DI
STRI COURT FOR THE
CT
SOUTHERN DI
STRI OF FLORI
CT
DA
M i m iDi son
a
vii
Cas Numbe 16e
r: 21981- V- ORENO
CI M
CA ROL KLEI ,
N

Pl ntf,
ai if
VS.

SEVEN SEAS CRUI S.DE R. d b a
SES
L. / /
REGENT SEVEN SEAS CRUI
SES,
De e n .
f nda t
/

ORDER G M NTI G DEFENDANT' M OTI FOR SUM M ARY JUDGM ENT
N
S
ON

Thi i a ti a f l c ebr
s s rp- nd-a l as oughtby Ca olKl n agans Se n Se Cr i e S. R.
r
ei
i t ve as u s s DE L.
d/ / Re ntSe n Sea Cr s s e n i af
b a ge
ve
s uie .Kli s onne pas e
r s ngeroft Re ntSe n Se
he ge
ve as
Navi orcr s s p. She br he ankl whe s ti d a f l on a sep whie e tng t
gat uie hi
oke r
e
n he rppe nd el
t
l xii he

s i ste tr Kli camsta h rij re drcl r s t r m atipngha a dce tdb
hp' h ae . en li h t e nu is ie ty e ulfo rp i z r rae y
Reg tduet i de t lghtng on t t a e seps Thi c ec e be or t Cour upon
en
o na qua e i i
he he t r t . s aus om s f e he
t

Re e tsmo inf rs mmayj dg n .Th Co r ha rv e dt mo in, en' rs o s ,
g n ' to o u r u me t e u t s e iwe he to Kli s e p n e
a Rege ' rpl Ther aet eeis s:( )whehe ada r condii e se (
nd
nts e y.
e r hr sue 1
t r ngeous
ton xitd; 2)

wh te Re e th da ta o c n tu tv n tc o ad n eo sc n to a d ()wh t e
eh r g n a cu l r o sr ci e o ie f a g r u o di n; n 3 eh r
i
Kl n i r quied t pr t tRe twa on notc ofada er c ton.
ei s e r o ove ha gen s
ie
ng ous ondii
BA CK G R O U N D

On Aprl2,201 Kl i wasa g s a d Re ' Se n Sea Navgat c uies p.
i
5, en
ue t boar gents ve
s
i or r s hi

S ed cd dt j i h rh s a d i tes p' t e trwhl s ewatdf r r3:0s a
h e ie o on e u b n n h hi s h ae ie h i o he 0 p
e
a nt e . Sheen e ed t t atrwhiea1 t lght we e on,a wal d down ar
ppoi m nt
t r he he e
l l he i s r
nd ke
amp on
t l sdea t ough ar ofs t t r c herhus nd.Thit m i e lt r whiet
he eh i nd hr
ow
eas o ea h
ba
ry nut s a e , l he

t a e wasç th blc 'Kli de de t la f he s a nt
he t r
t c a k, e n ci d o e ve or r pa ppoi ment She e t d usng t
pi
'
.
xie i he
c nt a sene t he s a . The t atrse c an srp lghtng,a wel a sdes lght on
e er il xt o r e t
he e t ps ont i ti i i s l s i pot i s
eihe sdeofe h se whi h a lr m an on d i am ovi Kli ti
t ri
ac t p, c 1 e i
urng
e. en rpped on t t se ne r
he op tp a

h rs a,ela db o h ra ke F v miue ltr aRe t ts c rt o fc r J s Shj
e e t f l, n r ke e n l. i e n ts ae, g n e u iy fie , o e i
u,
i si t d t i de .Durng hi hourl i tga i het 11phot a oft
nve tga e he nci nt
i
s
-ong nvesi ton, ook
ogr phs he

sar, n r c r e hsfndn s S j c c e t esrplg tnga dtes t ihsd rngh s
tis a d e o d d i i ig . hi he k d h ti i hi n h po lg t u i i
u
i si ton a f
nve tga i nd ound t t bewor ng pr l
hem o
ki
opery.
Folowi a ac i nt Re ntspolc i t t sa e e sfom a lwines es Onc
l ng n c de , ge ' iy s o ake tt m nt r
1 t s .
e
pt da Rt ntscr wm e r fom iselc dca de rm e w ak t ough t t trt e ur
r y, ge ' e
mbt s r t e t l pa t nt l hr
he heae o ns e
a1 oft lg sa ei wor ng or r fa1lg sa enotill naed,atc ti opene i t
1 he i ht r n
ki
de .I l i ht r
llmi t
ike s
d n ht
%is ta ke 'c put s t andt pr e i c r t w ihi oneday. The cea ng
ts ues r c r' om er ysem
he oblm s oreced t n
l ni
c e as wakst oug e r m om i and e r ni ,a e e stc t i o t s t m i
r w lo l hr h ve y
ng
ve y ght nd nt r i ke s nt he yse f
t r i anyt ng outofor r
he e s
hi
de .Oft m o e t n 1 r pore lghtng is i t tac rfom
he r ha 00 e td i i s ues n he r ke r

fveye r bef r Kli si de untl1 mont afe , nei ii d any is swih t srp
i
a s o e en' nci nt i 0
hs tr no dentfe
s ue t he ti

l hi .F rh r t r h so l b e o eoh rrp re ij r i t et ae i t ep s fv
it
g ng u te,hee a n y e n n te e o td n u y n h he tr n h a t i e
yea s a i di noti ve s e orlgh s I f c ,Reg ' f m ers ni diec orofgu t
r , nd t d
nvol t ps i t . n a t
ent s or
e or r t
es

r a i a rs m a geme ,GarO ' i1 t sii d t t s p hasneve had a is i t
eltons nd ik na
nt i Ne 1, e tfe hat he hi
r
n s ue n he
t a e duet lg i i 1 ye r .The srp lght we ei t l i 201 a a te nce t'
he t r
o i htng n 7 a s
ti i s r nsaled n 4 s n tnha men '
whiet t atrwasge tng ne c r t a notf a s f t pu pos s Fr 2000 t 201
l he he e
ti
w a pe , nd
or ny a e y r e . om
o 4,
t t a e c ai no srp lghtng.
he he t r ont ned
ti i i

Mo et a 1 mo tsa trt icd n , n a trRe e th db e s e aRe e tp oe t
r h n 8 nh fe he n ie t a d fe g n a e n u d, g n rj c
e ne ,Br n Em ond,conduced a he i si ton,f i on t seps compla e wih
ngi er ya
t not r nve tga i ocusng he t '
inc t
ope a i s f t sa r a gui i s
r tve a e y t nda ds nd delne .Emond' r por f md t tRe ntslg i wa i
s e t ot ha ge ' i htng s n

2-

-

c
ompla wih al a i a es f t sa r .Not y,n pr pa i hi r t Emond di not
ince t 1 pplc bl a e y t nda ds
abl i e rng s epor,
d

u ete 1 p t g a h tk nb S iui t o ii a iv si ai n An Re e tc n o e pli
s h 1 hoo rp s a e y hj n he rg n l n e tg to . d g n a n t x an
why t orgi lpho osa et a ia e.l t d,Em ond r le on o he pho ogr phst ke 1
he i na
t r m va lbl nsea
ti d
t r t a
a n 8
mont a trt i i nt whi h cla l s
hs fe he nc de , c e ry how s
ome oft t tr ssrp lghtng wihout
he heae ' ti i i
t
pr ry wor ngbul . But e n i Emond' pi es al lght on t t se a is a e
ope l
ki
bs
, ve n
s cmr , l i s he op t p t s ue r
wor ng.
ki

Durng dic y,O' 1 wa de e asRege ' c or e r pr e a i Hi
i s over Nei1 s pos d
nts om at e es nt tve. s
t tmony r gar ng t srp lghtng wa i onsse .On die te
esi
e di he ti i i
s nc it nt
r c xami ton,O' l a ted
nai
Nei1 dmit
t tt srp lg i wasve y i ra f rs ey pur es and t twihoutt lght t seps
ha he ti i htng
r mpo tnt o af t
pos ,
ha t
he i s he t
woul c tt e ati ng haz r But on c os e
d onsiut rppi
a d. , r s xami ton a r die t het a dif r nt
nai nd e r c , ook fe e

posto t thedi notbe ive l k ofsrp lghtng wa as f t is aspr ve by t lckof
ii n- ha
d
le ac
ti i i
s a e y s ue,
o n he a
prori i nt , n bef et srp lghtng wa i t l Hee ane t thi frta we
i ncde s eve
or he ti i i
s nsaled.
xpli d ha s is ns r
wa i onsse be us he wasdita t d and dic bobult d a t tme.
s nc itnt ca e
sr c e
s om
a e t he i
I.
1

LEGAL STANDARD

Su r u g n i pr p rwhe te ei n g n i is o mae ilfc a dt
mmayj d me t s o e n h r s o e une sue f tra a t n he

mo n pat i e t ldt j d me ta amatro lw.FE R. V. 5 ( ) Rh mo i p ry
vig ry s ni e o u g n s te f a
t
D. Cl P. 6 a . 'e vng a t
be st i talbur n ofde
ar he nii
de
monsr tngt a e e ofa m ae ilis f Sum ma y
ta i he bs nc
ny tra s ue. #.
r

j d me ts o l beg a tdwh na trviwiga1 h e d n ei t el h mo t a o a l t te
u g n h ud rn e e fe e n lt e vie c n h i t s f v rbe o h
g
non- o nt t opposng pa t f ist pr a es e i eeme ofiscai . Ceotx Co p.v
m va , he
i
ry a l o ove n s ntal l nt t l m
l e r .

Catet, U. 31 321( 986) Thea s pa t mus pr en s cii fcss ngt r
r t477 S. 7,
1 .
dvere ry t es t pe fc a t howi hee
i a ge ne is f ti l f a 322.n e ei no is f ti lt ls t r i e
s nui s ue or ra . #. t
r s s ue or ra m e s he e s noug evi nce
h de

t s p o t u yv r itf rten n vigpa t wh mu tp e e tmo eta as itlao
o u p r aj r e dc o h o mo n ry, o s r sn r h n cn il f
e de Ande s v fieryLobb I .477U. 242,249( 98 .
vi nce.
r on . b t
y, nc,
S.
1 6)

-

3-

11
1.

A N A LY SI
S

Reg ta guest tKl i hasnotpr n t se we eadange ousc ton,o
en r
ha en
ove he t ps r
r
ondii r
ale a i y,t tKli ha notpr
t m tvel ha e n s
oven t tRe thad a t lo c tu tvenotc oft
ha gen
c ua r onsr c i
i e he

al ge da r c ton. Kl i ar ue t tnotc i no r quie bec us Re ntc e e t
le d nge ous ondii
en g s ha i e s t e r d a e ge r atd he
f e e abl da ousc to orat m a i l be us Re
or s e y nger
ondii n, le tve y, ca e gentwa neglg ti is
s
i en n t
ma n e
i t nanc oft t a e .
e he he t r

Th l bi t o acu s s i i ati-ndf l c s i g ve dbyma i melw.Kef v
e i l y f r ie hp n rp a -al a e s o me
a i
rt a
i
ee .
BahamaCr s Li ,I . 8 F. 1 8,1 ( 1hCi.1 .Tohol Re ntla ef
uie ne nc, 67 2d 31 320 1 t r 989)
d ge ibl or

n g ie c , enmus de n taet a:( )Re e th dad t t p oe t r ( )Re e t
e lg n e Kli
t mo srt h t 1 g n a uy o r tc he; 2 g n

b e c e t a d t ; 3 t eb e c a tal a dp o i tl c u e h rij y a d ( s e
ra h d h t u y ( ) h r a h cu l n r xmaey a s d e nur ; n 4) h
y
s fee a ta h r S eS resv NCL ( h ma)L/ , 9 F,d 1 7 1 0( 1hCi. 1 )
u frd cu l a m. e o r l .
Ba a s t 7 6 3 2 5, 28 1 t r 20 5
f
( u tn Fr n av Ro l rb e nCr ie Lt.7 2F.d 1 2 ,1 5 ( 1hCi. 01 :.Th
q oi g a z . ya Ca ib a us s d, 7 3 2 5 2 3 1 t r 2 4
e
dut owe t c u s s pspa s r i oneofr s bl c eundert cr sanc .
y
d o r ie hi
s enge s s
ea ona e ar
he icum t es

Ke mar cv Compagni Ge r eTr atantque, U. 625,632 ( 959)
r e .
e ne al ans l i 358 S.
1 .
He e, hes co e e ti a is To pr veRege br c d isdut Kl n mus
r t e nd l men s t s ue.
o
nt ea he t y, ei
t

s o t a:( )ad ng r usc n i o e itd;2 Re e t da t a n tc o t ed n eo s
h w h t 1 a eo o dt n x se () g n ha cu l oie f h a g r u
i
c ton;a ()i notac lnotc Re nts dha knownt tt da r c ton
ondii nd 3 f
ma ie, ge houl ve
ha he ngeous ondii

e itda de o g tmeh dp se t a c re tvea to s o l ha ebe ntk l Se Kef ,
xse n n u h i a a sd h t o rci cin h u d v e a et e ee
867F. a 1 Adamsv Car v Cor , 0822465,2009W L 4907547,a *3( D. a.
2d t 322;
. nial p.No. t S. Fl

Se t2 , 0 9 ( iz J)
p. 9 2 0 ) Set, ..
K l i H as Faie t Pr a Dange
en
l d o ove
rous C ondi i Exi t
ton
s ed

Kli alg sta h rij r r s le fo ia e u t lg tn o t e eo tetpse
en l e h t e nu y e u td r m n d q ae ih ig n he dg f h o tp
e
i t mi esa r y oft t tr
n he ddl tiwa
he heae .She a s rst tsrp lg st ta e notpr ry
s e t ha ti i ht ha r
ope l
f toni c tt t adange ousc ton.Re nta guest tt r i no r cor e de et t
unc i ng ons iu e
r
ondii
ge r
ha he e s e d vi nc ha
4-

-

a oft t a e ' srp lght we enotf nc i ng whe Kl n ti d and t t i an e nt
ny he he t rs ti i s r
u toni
n ei rppe
ha , n y ve ,
il nai fom t m ovi s r enpr dess fcintlg . Furhe ,Re ntsi tgai
lumi ton r he
e ce
ovi ufi e i ht
t r ge ' nvesi tng
ofi e , S j , etfe ta t lg t weeo e ai gi d aeya trt eicd n . Re e alo
tc r hi tsiid h the i hs r p rtn mme itl fe h n i e t1 g nt s
u
s m itd an e r r por s
ub te
xpe t e t howi t tt t a e ' lg i compleswih a ls f t sa r .
ng ha he he t rs i htng
i
t l a e y t nda ds
A da r c ton c nno beta r a obvi t t pas e r' Smol k v
nge ous ondii s t çppa ent nd
ous o he s nge .'
niar .

Ro l rb e n Cr ie Lf 7 7F. u p. d 1 0 ,1 2 - 3( 1h Ci. 01 ) Ho v r o e
ya Ca ib a us s 2, 8 S p 2 3 8 3 2 2 1 t r 2 1 . we e, n
mus no pr s
t t e umet tbe aus a ac i ntocc r d,ada r c ton e se I belv
ha c e n c de
ure
nge ous ondii xit d. s l .

Ca nv lCop. 4 2F. u p. d 1 2,1 7( D. a 2 0 )( o e o J) Rah r i i te
r ia r , 6 S p 2 23 23 S. Fl. 0 6 M r n , .. t e,t s h
pl i ifsr ponsbiiy t c ef t wih e
antf es i lt o om orh t nough e de pr ng t r wa ada r
vi nce ovi he e s nge ous

co to Se i ;s eal o Wilamsv Car v Cor ,No.1 24686,201 W L 11 624, t
ndii n. e d. e s li
. nial p.
34
958
a

* ( D. a Oc. , 01 )( ao J)(r n igs
2 S. Fl. t 7 2 4 Ung r , . g a tn ummayj d me twh r p an ifo fr dn
r u g n e e litf fe e o
e de eofaquatri h se ore de t tt se wa haz r us.
vi nc
re -nc tp vi nce ha he tp s ado )
He e t ei i ufi i nte de ct pr adange ousc ton e se Thee de e
r , her s ns fc e vi nc o ove
r
ondii xit d.
vi nc

i c tngt tt lght we enotwor ngi l s ( )Kl n' ownt tmo t tt t ae
ndiai ha he i s r
ki ncude : 1 ei s
esi ny ha he he tr
wasç th blck';a ( pit esi Re ntse r rpor tken 1 mo hsa trt i i nt
f c a ' nd 2) cur n ge ' xpe t e ta
pi
8 nt fe he ncde .
And e n t s phot s
ve he e
os how a lsrp lghtng on t t se a ope a i A lhough t r we e
l ti i i
he op tp s r tng. t
he e r
ot rwine s t t i de ,noneha be i e ve
he t s es o he nci nt
ve en nt r iwed a i i unclari t i i ntte
nd t s
e f her de ii s

c ul b atie Eve c n tun al vd n ei Kli sfvo , ora o a l jlo c u dfn
o d e tan d. n o sr ig 1e ie c n en' a r n e s n be t r o l i d
r
t tt lght we e notwor ng a t tme oft i i nt Ot rt n he own t si onyt t
ha he i s r
ki t he i
he nc de . he ha r
e tm
ha
t t trwast t bl k,' he e i no ot revi nc t lght we e notwor ng. To t
he heae
l ch ac 't r s
pi
he
de e he i s r
ki
he

' enagu sta Shj sa vts o l b src e fo ter c r b cus Re e t dn t ompywi
Kli r e h t i mda i h ud e tik n rm h e od e a e g n di o c l t
u'
h
ti Co r'No e e 4, 6od r a Re e t dn t l w Shj t b de o e .Ho v rf lwigbisn o
hs u t v mb r 201 re, s g n di o al
s
o i o e p s d we e.ol n re g f
u
o
t smoto t Cour e e e a or i c tngt ti woul notr eon t mo i untlahe Re tpr
hi
in,he
t ntr d n der ndiai ha t
d
ul
he ton i r gen oduce
d

S j frdp sto S bsq ety ReetmaeS i a ial frd g sto AsKli nvrflday
hi o eoiin. u e unl, g n d hj valbe o e oiin.
u
u
en ee i n
e

sp e n t t s mmayj d me tb if,h Co r as me ta S l sd p sto di n t r d c a y
u plme to he u r u g n res te u t su s h t hi e o i n d o p o u e n
u'
i
a dto a e ie c t sp rKli' ag me t.Shj safd virmansp r ofh rc r .
d i n l vd n e o u pot ens ru ns i fia t e i at te eo d
i
u'

-

5-

c ta y,Rege ' i tga i ofi e fld ar po tt ti c t d al oft lght we e wor ng
on r r
nts nvesi tng fc r ie e r ha ndia e 1 he i s r
ki

fv miu e a tr h icd n .Al o g S iuto 1 p o o d rn h si iiliv siai n
i e n ts f t e n ie t t u h hj o k 1 h t s u ig i nta n e tg to
e
h
t tar now m isng a ar notpa toft r or a o he pot ntalwines eswe eno
ha e
s i nd e
r he ec d, nd t r e i t s
r t
i e ve
nt r i wed,t Cour ca
he
t nnots ult ast wha t sot ri or i mi htr vea .Furhe ,
pec a e o
t hi he nf maton g e l
t r
t r c d i c est ta da o c ton may notexiteve i t t a e di notha srp
he e or ndiat ha
nger us ondii
s
n f he he t r d
ve ti

lght a al I e t t a e di notha srp lght fom 2000t 201 Be or 201 t
i s t l. nde d, he he t r d
ve ti i s r
o 4. f e 4, he
s lght pr d s tci t ast r i no pr ofa i de i vi t a e lg i durng
pot i s ove ufi en , he e s
oof ny nci nt nvol ng he t r i htng i
t ttm e The srp lght we ei t le i 201 onl t e ncea ar dy s ee r e .
ha i .
ti i s r nsa ld n 4 y o nha
n lea af nvionm nt

Bae o ter c r , or a o a ej r rc ud fn t t d n e o c n iine itd
s d n h e o d n e s n bl u o o l i d ha a a g r us o dto x se
when Kl i f l Kl n' f iur t pr an e s ta elm e r r a1 ot rf t i ma e i l
en el. ei s a l e o ove
s en i l e nt ende s 1 he ac s m t ra

a drq ie teCo r t g a ts mmayj d me ta an th r S eIb l, 2F. u p 2 a
n e ur s h u to r n u r u g n g i s e . e s el46 S p . d t
1 3 .Ac o dngy teCo r GRANTSRe e tsmo inf rs
2 8 c r i l,h u t
g n ' to o ummayj dg n .
r u me t
B.

R e ntH ad N e t A c ualN or Cons r tve N o i e oft A le d D ange ous
ge
i her t
t uc i
tc
he l ge
r
C ondii
ton

Even i Kl n wer a et pr t tada r condii e sed,t Co two d sil
f ei
e bl o ove ha
nge ous
ton xit he ur ul tl

g a ts mmayj d me tb c u eKli as fist p o et a Re e t da ma o c nsr ci
rn u r u g n e a s en lo al o r v h t g n ha c l r o tu t
ve
notc oft da r c ton,ort tno i ewa notr r d.
ie he nge ous ondii
ha tc s
equie

Fis,Kl n ha f ied t adduc e de s
r t ei s a l o
e vi nce ugge tng t tRe ntkne t ta t aer
si ha ge
w ha ny he t

srp lg t weeet e d m o u lt C So r l, 9 F.da 1 8(i dngac us s ph d
ti ih s r ih r i r n i. f res 7 6 3 t 28 fn i r ie hi a
notcede kwassi r whe iwoul s i sdipl wami sg afe ihadri d)
i c
lppey n t d ometme s ay
ng ins tr t ane ;
Fr s a v NCL (
ac .
Bahama) Lt ,654Fe App' 949,954 ( 1h Ci. 6 ( di ac us s p
s, d
d. x
1 t r 201 ) hol ng r ie hi
ha notc whe iplyedavi owani pase r ofade ssi i s.Shedoe not
d ie n t a
de r ng s nges
ck' lppernes)
s
poi t a prorpa s nge compl i saboutt sa r o a r pore is swih t srp
nt o ny i
se r
ant
he t is r ny e td s ue t he ti
lghtng.Furher t r or i caest tRe ntse oye wa k t ough e r da t l
i i
t , he ec d ndi t ha ge ' mpl es l hr
ve y y o ook

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6-

f a is i t t a e ,i udi lghtng. W he a is i i ntfed,i i e e e i o
or ny s ues n he he t r ncl ng i i
n n s ue s de ii t s nt r d nt
Re ntsis ta kerpr a a i ge r ly r ol d wihi one da The ei no r por of
ge ' s ue r c
ogr m nd s ne a l es ve t n
y.
r s e t

a is swih lghtng i t is ta ke s t on t da ofKl i sac de .Se alo
ny s ue t i i n he s ue r c r ysem
he y
en' ci nt e s

Cohe v Car v Cor ,945F.
n . nial p.
Supp.2d 1 ,1 ( D.Fl 201 )(i ngnoe d eof
351 355 S. a. 3 fndi
vienc
notc whe epli ifca
ie
r antf nnotofe ça a i r po t, s enge comm e r viwsorf m s
f r tny ccdent e rs pa s r
nt e e
or ,

o rp rsfo s ft i s cin' ( n r , ..
r e o t r m a ey n pe to ' Le a d J)
)
Se ond, ei c
c
Kl n annotpoi t a ot rsmia i i s whehe i t 1 ye r be or
nt o ny he i lr ncdent, t r n he 4 a s f e
t srp lg i wasi t le ori t t e ye r snce Se Tai i v. SC Cr e e S. ,
he ti i htng
nsa ld n he hr e a s i . e arol M
ocir , A.

,

No.1 611 ,201 W L 1
5- 31 6
428942,a *5( D. a.Apr 1 201 ( oor,C.. ( ani
t S. Fl
. 2, 6) M e J) gr tng

s mma yj d me twh r terc r wa d v do a y rfr n et ohe smi ra cd n st t
u r u g n ee h e o d s e oi f n eee c o t r i l c ie t ha
a
woul ha aere t c ies pt adangeousc ton) TheElve h Cic trquie
d ve l td he nzs hi o
r ondii .
e nt rui e rs
e de e ofprorac i nt t beçs tntaly sm ia t t occ r nc i que ton. I
vi nc
i c de s o çubsa i l i l r o he ure e n si ' d.
'

(u tn J n sv OtsElv t rCo, 61F.d 6 5 6 - 2( 1h Ci.1 8) s eas S r es
q o ig o e . i e a o .8 2 5 , 616 1 t r 98 ); e lo o r l,
796F. a 1 88( di 22ot si a flswe enotsmia i naur wher t l to
3d t 287- hol ng
her lp-nd-al r
i lr n t e
e he ocain

dfee a s meivov ddfee t o t a) r ,h r i o l o ep iri cd n i t e
ifrd nd o n le ifr n f o we r.Hee t ee s ny n ro n ie t n h
t a e ,a i i cla l ditnguiha emsi ha no hi t do wih t sepso t lght .Ther
he t r nd t s e ry si s bl t d t ng o
t he t
r he i s
e
i no pr ofa r po torco pl ntofany pa s nge sti ng, ali orot r s ha ng
s
oof ny e r
m ai
s e r rppi f lng,
he wie vi
a r l e is wih t saisorlghtng i t t a e .
ny eatd s ue t he t r
i i n he he t r
Si y put t ei i ufi i tr cor e de e t s
mpl
, her s ns fcen e d vi nc o ugges t tRe ntkne ors d
t ha ge
w
houl
ha known t ta al ge y da er c ton e se Alhough O ' i1t sii d t unlt
ve
ha n le dl ng ous ondii xitd. t
Ne 1 e tfe hat i

srp lghtngwoul beaha ar s h as c a i a a ta tsaeme doesno pr t t
ti i i
d
z d, uc pe ultve nd bsr c t t nt
t ove ha
Reg ntkne ors ul ha known t ta srp lg swer notil i t d on t da of
e
w
ho d ve
ha ny ti i ht
e
lum na e
he y

r f e ve s um ng ei oul ove
Kl n' i i ntz The e or , e n a s i Kl n c d pr a da ousc ton e se
ei s nc de .
nger
ondii xit d,

t eCo r sil udg a t g n ' mo inf rs mmayj g n b c u et eei noe ie c
h u t tlwo l r n Re e ts to o u r ud me t e a s h r s vd n e
de onsr tng Reg ntwa on notc ofada r usc ton.
m ta i
e
s
ie
nge o ondii
K l i i N otExem ptf om Pro ng ThatR e ntW as on N otc ofa D ange ous
en s
r
vi
ge
ie
r
C ondii
ton
1
.

Re ntD i N otCr at a D ange ous Condii
ge
d
e e
r
ton

Kl n i notr quied t pr t tReg ntwa on notc ofada r c ton i
ei s
e r o ove ha
e
s
ie
nge ous ondii f

Re ntc e t d t f e ee bl da r c ton.SeeRoc e v Ro Carbbe Cr s s
ge r a e he or s a e nge ous ondii
k y . yal i an uie ,

Lt.No. 9 7 8 2 01W L 42 9 3 a * ( D. a F b 2 , 0 )( l J) l Ro ky te
d, 9 - 0 , 0
0 9 , t 4 S. Fl. e . 0 2 01 Ood, .. n c e h
c t o t tpr ofnotc wasnotr quie whe et def ndan sc e ed ast i n whe e
our f und ha oof
ie
e rd
r he e
t r at
iuato
r
i wa f es a es
t s or ee bl omeoneco d ge hur:
ul t t

( or q ieapli tf t as ctbl h n tc i a c s wh r t e
T) e ur
anif o lo sa i oie n a e ee h
s
de enda ' o a tvii c e t d a f e e bl a unr as bl
f nts wn c i tes r a e
or s ea e nd e ona e
rs of ha m woul be i ppr it Such a r r m e woul
ik
r
d
na opra e.
equie nt
d
have t abs r r s t t neglg e a tons coul o y be
he
u d e ul hat
i enc c i
d nl
br ht aRe a dange ous c ton or pr tc c e t by a
oug
r
r
ondii
aci e r a ed
de e ntcl med a pr vi vitm ,whos own r co r woul
f nda
ai
e ous c i
e
e ve y
d
beba r d by t a e eofnotc
re
he bs nc
ie.

I Kl i a g st ts doesnotne d t pr t tRe ntwason notc ofa da r
d. en r ue ha he
e o ove ha ge
ie
nge ous
c ton be us Rege c e t d t dange ousc ton. Thi Cour dia ee .
ondii
ca e
nt r a e he
r
ondii
s
t s gr s

l Rock y,Roya Ca i a knowi y plce a bi boar i a l aton a m a r
n
e
l rbbe n
ngl a d ngo
d n oc i nd nne
whe ei wa f e e abl t ts bodycoul ge hur.f a *2.Her t r i no e de e
r t s or s e e ha ome
d t t #. t
e,he e s
vi nc
s si Re ntt any a ton t tc e t d a da r usco ton. Rege i t le t s t
ugge tng ge ook
c i ha r a e
nge o
ndii
nt nsa ld he po
lght on t sde oft s a sand t srp lg i on t nos oft se . But sm pl
i s he i s he e t
he ti i htng he e he t ps
,i y

i t lng lght doesnotpr t tRege cr a e t s
nsali i s
ove ha
nt e t d he uppos dl da r condii i t s
e y nge ous
ton n hi
ca e lc ofil naton. To t c r r addii oft srp lght wa mer l an
s - a k lumi i
he onta y, ton he ti i s s ey
2Furher O' lr ca edt st tmony lt ri hi deposto
t , Nei1 e nt hi esi
ae n s
iin.

-

8-

e nce e tt t e si lghtng t tha pr n a uae f 1 yea s Ther i no
nha m n o he xitng i i ha d ove deq t or 4 r .
es
i c ton t tRe ntc us t bul t bur out
ndi a i ha ge a ed he bs o n .
Eve i adange ousc ton e se i clary wa notcr a e by Rege ,a s a
n f
r
ondii xitd, t e l s
e td
nt s uch

fndi woul i yt tRe ntt s
i ng
d mpl ha ge ook ome a ton t ti r s d t rs oflght bei bum t
c i ha nc ea e he ik i s ng
out Ther cor smpl c ansno s
.
e d i y ont i
uppor f t ta gume .Ac or ngl Kli i no
t or ha r
nt c di y, en s t
r ive fom t r quie e t s w t tReg had a t lorc tu tvenotc oft
ele d r he e r m nt o ho ha
ent
cua
onsr c i
ie he
a lge da r condii
le d nge ous
ton.

2
.

Th r 1.n u ce Pr o fNe lg n M antnq e
e e %I sm int ofo g ie t i e nc

Kl n i notr quied t pr t tRe ntwa on notc i s ca pr t tRe nt
ei s
e r o ove ha ge
s
i e f he n ove ha ge
ne i nty ma nt ne t seps Se M abr y v Car valCr s Li s I . 438 So. 937,937
glge l i ai d he t . e
e . ni
uie ne , nc ,
2d

( a. s.CtApp.1 3)Cçct lorc tu i knowl i ir e nt.i n eevi nceof
Fl Dit .
98 a ua onsr ctve
edge s relva ..f mpl de

ne i ntmantnanc ca bes f'.Kli ar st t e de s
glge
i e e n howl l en gue hathe vi nce howst ts oft
ha ome he
srp lght a e no r ulry c nge aûe out ge ,a t tRe tstac rs t m f ie t
ti i s r t eg a l ha d r a s nd ha gen ' r ke yse a ld o

ac
c ountf t srp lg s.l ed,oft m or t n 1 lghtng is se e e i t ta ki
or he ti i ht nde
he
e ha 00 i i s ue nt r d n he r c ng
pr a i t fveyea sl di up t Kl i si i nt t r we eno r pore is wih t
ogr m n he i
r ta ng
o en' nc de , he e r
e td s ues t he

ta lghtng. Ye ,1 m ont afe t i de ,phot oft saiss
r ck i i
t 8
hs tr he nci nt
os he t r how t ts eoft srp
ha om
he ti
lg sa eunlt W he O ' e1 wa a ke aboutt s phot ,he c im e t tt pho os
i ht r i.
n N i1 s s d
he e
os
onfr d ha he t
ac ur t l r l ct t c tonson t d oft i i nt Alhough Kl i a gue t tt si
c a ey efe ed he ondii
he ay he nc de . t
en r s ha hi s

a admison t ts
n
s i ha ome lg swer outwhe Kli f l,when tken i c extoft de ii
i ht
e
n en el
a
n ont
he poston,
O' 1 t tfed onl t tt confgur ton oft lg i wast s m e and t lght ha not
Nei1 esii
y ha he
i ai
he ihtng
he a ,
hat i s ve
be n a d,r mov orm odii Furhe ,eve i t Cour a e sO' 1' sae e a an
e dde e ed,
fed. t r n f he
t cc pt Nei1s t tm nt s
a s i t tt lght we ee c l ass e i t phot ont da ofKl n' i de 1
dmi son ha he i s r xa ty e n n he
o
he y
ei s nci nt 8
m o hsea le ,t srp lght on t se on whi Kl n ti d i t pho o a e f l
nt
ri r he ti i s he t p
ch ei rppe n he t r ' y
ul

.

9-

ill i t d.Thus e n lbe aly c t ungt f t i Kl i sf ,t r i no i c ton of
llm na e
, ve i r l onsr i he ac s n en' avor he e s ndia i
ne i ntm a nt na e i t r c d.
glge
i e nc n he e or

Kli a s poi st O' 1' t si ony a pr t tsrp lghtout gesa enotr po td
e n lo nt o Nei1s e tm
s oof ha ti i
a
r
e re
i t is ta rs t m ,whih s a guesc tt e ne i ntm ai ena . But pho os
n he s ue r cke yse
c he r
onsiut s glge
nt nce
, t
fom 18m on hsa t t i i ntt ts
r
t fer he nc de ha how s
ome srp lg out ge do noti c t t tt r
ti i ht a s
ndi a e ha he e
we ee a srp lghtout st twer note e e i o t tac rs t i t fveyea s
r ver ny ti i
age ha
e
nt r d nt he r ke ysem n he i
r
pr c ng Kl n' i de . Andt r i as no pr t tt out gess en i t phot ha not
e edi
ei s nci nt
he e s lo
oof ha he a
e n he
os d

be n r td snc t r cor onl i l stac rs t m da auntlFe ' r zol -ei
e tpore i e he e d y ncude r ke yse
t i bl y & - ght
ua
mont be or t phot Kl n r i on.Kl n' a glmenti m e el t s ul tve
hs f e he
os ei eles
ei s r z
s r y oo pec ai .
Ac or ngl Kli i notr le d f om t r quiementt s
c di y, e n s
ei ve r he e r
o how t tRege ha a m a o
ha
nt d c l r
consr tvenotc oft alege da r c ton.Thus e n a s i Kl n co d pr a
tuci
i e he l d nge ous ondii
, ve s um ng ei ul ove

d ng r u c n iine se t eCo r sil ul g a tRe e tsmo inf rs mmayj dg n .
a eo s o dto xitd,h u t tl wo d rn g n ' to o u r u me t
CO NCLUSI
ON
Bas d on t f e ng,i i he e
e
he or goi t s r by

ORDERED AND ADJUDGED t t Rege ' M o i f Slmm a y J
ha
nts
ton or l r udgm e i
nt s
G R AN TED .

DONE AND ORDERED i Chambe sa M im i Fl i ,t s
n
r t a , orda hi

ofAugus 201
t 7.

..-. 7
T

.

aA .
#e

é
.

z'

FEDERI
M
NO
UNI
TED STATES DI
STRI J
CT UDGE
Copi f r s t
es u nihed o:
Cot e ofRe d
ms l
cor

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