Hallums v. Infinity Insurance Company et al

Filing 103

ORDER granting 68 Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment and denying 83 Plaintiffs' Motion for Summary Judgment. Signed by Judge Federico A. Moreno on 4/19/2018. (lfs)

UN I
TED STATES DI
STRI COURT FOR THE
CT
SOU TH ERN D I
STRI O F FLORI A
CT
D
M i miDi son
a
vi i
C as N um ber 16e
: 24507- l - O REN O
C V M
SH ELI EA HA LLUM S a
TH
nd
SA M U EL CA STI
LLO ,

Pli if ,
antf s

I FI I I SU R AN CE C OM PAN Y ,
N N TY N
I FI I A U TO I SU RAN CE COM PAN Y ,
N N TY
N
a J O RGA N CH A SE BAN K , . .
nd PM
NA,
D e e nt .
f nda s
O RD ER DEN Y I G PLA I TI
N
N FFS'M O TI N FO R SU M M A R Y JU DG M ENT A N D
O
G R ANTI G D EFEN D AN TS'M O TI N FO R SU M M AR Y JU D G M EN T
N
O
Backaround

Thi c e pr s nt t f l i que ton:whe he t Les or Li biiy En s e s i
s as e e s he olow ng
si
t r he
s
a lt
dor em nt n

Pl i if 'a omobie i ur ce polcis pr de i ur nc a al,orwhe he t y a e il o y.
antfs ut
l ns an
i e ovi ns a e t l
t r he r lus r

Plitfsmanti t tt Gr sAme
anif i an ha he ave
ndme ,29U. C.j301 f e os st posi lt of
nt
S.
06, orcl e he sbiiy
ls or la lt and t r f e,t Endor e e c tt es no i ur nc c r
e s ibiiy,
he e or he
s m nt onsiut
ns a e ove age.Bef e t
or he

Coul aet Pa te cos - i f s
' r he ris' r smotons or ummayj
t
r udgme . eD. 68a 8
ntSe E. nd 3.

I fnt mo e f rs
n iiy v s o ummayj d me to t eis eo wh t rt eEn o s me tp o ie
r u g n n h su f ehe h d re n r vd s
i urnc Se D. 68.l s
ns a e. e E. n uppor,l i t a nc sxa g nt:()Pli if lc Aril 1l
t ntniy dva es i r ume s I antfs a k tce l
sa ng;(1 e n i t Endore nti a guous c r ge e ss unde Fl i lw;(1)
tndi 1) ve f he
sme s mbi
, ove a xit
r orda a 11

e unde Pli if't or coveagee ssfra i nt oc uri i ohe saes (V)l i t
ven
r antfs he y, r xit o ccde s c rng n t r tt ;1 nfniy
ha a duy t defnd lsor ,e n a i tcli bare by t GrvesAme
s t o e e s s ve gans ams r d he a
ndme '( e n
nt V) ve
,
unde Pli if t r t r m e i nott voi t Endo s nt butt i r t e l i
r a ntfs' heo y, he e dy s
o d he
r eme ,
o gno e he xcuson

o lmi to t tr n es i il o y a d fn c vea e a d ( )t e ûld rt d crn b r
r i t in ha e d r t l r n i d o rg ; n V1 h e -ae o tie as
a
us
Pli if 'cli s
antfs am .

P an if mo e f rp rils mmay j d me trg r ig l ûni s afr tv d fn e
litfs v o a ta u r u g n e a dn n t f maie ee s s
y'
o sa dn ( ee s sn .3 ,35 61,t fld-ae d crn ( e e s no 2 ) a d fa d ln
n tn ig d fn e os 2 , ) he ie r t o ti e d f n e . 0 , n r u ue t
c n e l n ( ee s n .9 . eD. 5 Ad iin l ,Plitfsmo ef rs mma yj d me t
o c ame t d f n e o ) Se E. 6. dto al an if v o u r u g n
y
o whehe t Endoremen pr desi ur nc Fort f l ng r s st Cour fndst t
n
t r he
s
t ovi ns a e.
he olowi ea ons he
ti
ha
t Endo s m e t i no il o y be us Pl i if ' i t r e a i of t Endo s m e woul
he
r e n s t lus r ca e antfs n t pr t ton
he
r e nt
d
r nde t Gr s Am e e ' s vi ca e a nuliy.M o eove ,t Cour tnds t tt
e r he ave
ndm nts a ngs l us
lt
r r he
tl
ha he

En o s me ti s sa d t t d fn Theeo e s mmayj d me ti g a td i lfnt s
d re n mpo e uy o ee d. rf r , u r u g n s rn e n n i i
y'
f vorbe us t r i noge nediput ofamae ilfc a l i t i entte t j me a
a
ca e he e s
nui s e
tra a t nd nfniy s ild o udg nt s
a m a t rofl w .
te
a
I.
l

L e St
eal andard

Summayj
r udgmen i aut ie wheet r i no g neis ofmaeralfc . d.
t s horz d r he e s enui sue
t i a t Fe R.

Ci. 5 () Th p rys e i g s mmayj dg n b ast eiiilb r e o d mo srtn t e
v P. 6 c . e a t e k n u r u me t e r h nta u d n f e n tai g h
a e ofa ge ne i s ofm ae il f t Adike v.S.L Kr s (rCo. 398 U . 1 1 7
bs nce
nui s ue
tra ac . c s
1
es f
,
S. 44, 5

( 9 0 . ep ry o po i te moi n f rs mmayj g n ma n tsmp y rs u o mee
1 7 ) Th a t p sng h to o u r ud me t y o i l e t p n r
aleg i o de a s of t pl di ; t non- ovi pary mus esa ih t es e i l
l atons r nil
he ea ngs he
m ng
t
t t bls he s nta

ee e sofisca e on whih i wilbe rt bur n ofpr a ti .Ce otx Cor v Catet
lm nt
t s
c t l a he de
oof t ral l e
p. . r t,

477 U. 317 (98 ;M atus t El .I .Co.v Ze t Radi Cor ,475 U. 57 (98 .
S.
1 6) s hia ec ndus
. nih
o p.
S. 4 1 6)
The nonmovantm us pr s ntmor t n a s i il ofe de e i s
t ee
e ha
cntla
vi nc n uppor oft nont he
mova '
nts

p sto .An es n v fie t Lo b ,l c,47 U. 2 2 2 4 ( 9 6 .A j r mu tb a l t
o i n d ro . b ry b y n . 7 S. 4 , 5 1 8 ) u y s e b e o
i
r a o bl fnd f t non- nt Ande s v.Li ry Lobb I . 477 U. 242,254 ( 986)
e s na y i or he
mova . r on
be t
y, nc,
S.
1 .
1
d.
1.
11

A nal s
vsi

St ndi
a ng
I i t a guest tPl i if l c sa ng i t a e e ofa de ed c am .Ari e lI
nfniy r
ha antf s a k tndi n he bs nc
ni l i
tcl 1

l t fd rldu iilpo r t t rs lto o a t lç a e a d c n r v ris' S eU.
i s e ea j d ca we' o he e oui n f cua d s s n o to ese . e S.
mi
'
c
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Cons.a t 11 j 2.To c tu a Ari e ll ca e or c r ves t pli if mus ha
t r. l
onsr e n tcl 1 s
onto ry, he antf
t ve

sa ng.d-l irducbl co tt i lmi mum ofsa ngc anst eeelme s'( )t
tndi 'g-he re i e nsiutona ni
l
tndi onti hr e nt:' 1 he
pli ifmus ha s fr d a inur i f t'( t r mus be a c us lc
antf
t ve ufe e n s j y n aci' 2) hee t
i
a a onneci bewe n
ton t e

te ij l a d te c n u tc mpli d o ;a d ( )i mus b éi ey' ta te ij r wi b
h nu' n h o d c o ane f n 3 t t e ik l ' h t h nu y l e
y
l
l
ie rs e b a fv rbl d cso ' fua v Dej o Wid f ,5 4 U. 5 5 5 0 61 ( 9 2
' d e s d y a o a e e iin. j n . f . f l l e 0 S. 5 , 6 - 1 9 )
r
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(iai omitd)
cttons te .
The cux ofl i t sar nti t tPli if c nno be ij e by a Endore nt
r
nfniy' gume s ha antfs a t nur d
n
s me
t ti mnii a t r pary Pli if 'ls o s no Pl ntfs Se D. 44 a ! 11 ($
ha nde fes hid t antfs e s r
t ai if. e E. t
$The

g n o s me tp o ie te flo n a dto lLiblt Co e a ef ry urlso .) s eas
El d re n r vd s h o lwig d iina a ii v r g o o e s r' ; e lo
y
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D. 68a 6 Cs c u ePlitfsa d c n e ie eta terls o srj ce teEn o s me ,
E. t Be a s an if d u e o vd nc h t h i e s r ee td h d re nt
Plitfs ha e n ij r ' .Th ,b c us Plitfs c n e d t a a is rn e p lc t t
anif v o nu y.) us e a e an if o tn h t n n u a c oiy ha
'
pr t c st rl s si il or l i t s
o e t hei es or s lus y, nfniy ubmist tPli if l c sa ng.l s
t ha antfs a k t ndi n uppor,l i t
t nfniy
r leson abe o c s st thol t ta i ur d lc sandi t c l
ei
vy f a e ha
d ha n ns e a ks t ng o halenge t e o c biiy
he nf r ea lt
ofa i ur epolcy,unl sa untlt i u ed a t ly make a ca m,a t i ur rde e
n ns anc
i
es nd i he ns r c ua l
s li nd he ns e ni s

te cam.S e eg, Go z ls v Na 1 Unin Fie I s Co o Pi s u g ,P. ,2 6 W L
h li e , .. n ae . t
o r n . . f t b r h A. 01
t
51
07033,a *1 ( D. . Se .1 201 (i ngno sa ngt cam polcywasvoi unde
t 0 S. N Y. pt 9, 6) fndi
tndi o li
i
d
r
Ne Yok lw wheepl ntf ne rmadeacam t twasde e unde t polc ;Wilamsv
w r a
r ai if ve
li ha
nid
r he iy) li .

Na 1 Unin Fie I s Co o Pitb r ,2 6 W L 7 95 7,a * ( D.Ga Fe 2 2 6
t
o r n . . f t u gh 01
s
3 3 t 2 N.
. b. 4, 01 )
( s si t pli if'k ontntont ti t y ha s tedcli ,t g ee nt wo d
dimisng he antfs s e i ha f he d ubmit ams he dl fnda s ul
c
have de e ghe ' a mee s c ai be aus çgq i i sbl t lnow whehe t
nid t mj' s r pe ulton, c e sit s mposi e o t
t r he

g lfn a t wo l h v d ne t er cams' , Giry v
d ee d n s ud a e e id h i 1i .) e c k .
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3

Un o Fie I s Co o
in r n. . f

Pitb r , 01 W L 7 71 6 , t* ( N.. c. 2 5 ($ n s g si nta gl fn a t
ts ugh 2 5
8 1 5 a 5 D. J De 4, 01 ) çA1 y ug e to h t d e e d n s
g
wo d nothonor ( l ntfs cli i mee s c ain,a no a concee ha m,'be a e
ul
plai if' ams s r pe ulto nd t
rt r ' c us

'p litfsh v n tûld a y cams' ;Ca elv Na 1 Uno FieI s Co o ts u g ,
s lanif a e o e n li .) mpb l . t in r n . . fpitb r h
g
'
PA,1 F.Supp. 236,2 ( D. 201 ( di t t pl ntf l ke sandi whees
30
3d
49 D. C. 5) hol ng hathe ai if ac d t ng r he
came t ha padf anil or i urnc polc bu ne fld a cai ;We e v Aena,
li d o ve i or lus y ns a e iy t ver ie l ml av r . t

2 0 W L 48 3 3 a * ( Ne .No .4,2 0 ) afd 3 0 F.Ap x 8 2 ( t Ci.20 0
08
3 0 5, t 3 D. v v
0 8 , f ', 7
p' 2 9h r 1 )
( g ) iec u t o et r u h tr e alg glan ifpad p e u f ra n n x se tpoiy
$W h l o n s n h o g h e le e p litf i r mims o o e itn l $
c
s e n l a ij r -n fc- on c ud n t d e a p lc n ne itn u ls s we e
e migy n n u y i-a t- e o l o e m
o iy o xse t n e s he r
i ope l de e be tt . Any ot r ca m of a t ne sent polc ve ur s i o t
mpr ry ni d nei s
he li
no xit ' iy nt e nt he

mea ia,a oneca know wheherapolc e ssuni a ii one efofisbe is.)
tphysc l s
nnot
t
iy xit tl valng s l t neft ' .
'
Pli if cli t t Wilams Gon e ,Gir yk and Campbe la e wholy i ppost ,
antf s am ha li , zals e c
l r
l na ie
be a e i t e ca e , t c t had de e ne t t t i ur nc polc a is
c us n hos s s he ours
t nni d ha he ns a e
iy t sue t
he
He lhExtas be ftpr r m- was not il o y a a mater of l w,l vi t pl i if 't
at r
nei og a
lus r s
t
a ea ng he antfs o
a gue t t t polc w a w orhl s bec us t def nda s w oul ne r pa t c ai s Se
r
ha he i y s
t e s a e he e nt
d ve y he l m . e

Wilams,201 W L 739537,a *2 (k t g efnda s c rcl poi out t gl tha
li
6
t $ he dl e nt ore ty nt , he cour s
As
ar a hel t tt i ur ncepolc e we evai a e or ea e,e n i t i ur epolcis
le dy d ha he ns a
ii s r ld nd nf c bl ve f he ns anc
ie

v oae Ge r i is rn elws.. Be a s n n o t eg janif s b te cams. .t ij
i ltd o ga n u a c a
. c u e o e f h p li tfs u mi d li . g r
t
he
agume i me e s ulto '; Giryk, 201 W L 7871165, a *5 (slve t polc s
r nt s r pec ain.l e c
'
5
t
çfi n he iy'

e f r e blt g lanif lc sa dn be a s ...i g lan if fld avai cam ...a y
n o c a ii p litfs a k tn ig c u e
y,
f p litfs ie
ld li
n
s si t t Dee
uggeton ha fndant woul nothonor (heij cams i mee s c aton,a not a
s
d
t r li s r pe ul i nd
c rt ham.) Campbel,1 F.Supp.3d a 252 (û or ngy,t gl tfndst t(he
oncee r ' ;
'
l 30
t
ûAcc di l he cour i ha t
pl ntf s ale i t t t ( iyj may ha c ai undicos excusons t s
ai if l lgaton ha he polc
ve ont ned
s l ed l i hat he

bele g ee nt woul ha us t de a cai ,ha s ma t m,doe no
ives dl fnda s
d ve ed o ny ny l ms d he de he
s t

c n ttt tet p o c ncee p riu aie a t a ij r t a s p o t Aril 1lsa dng ..
o si e h y e f o rt, a t lrz d, cu l nu y h t u p rs t e 1 tn i
u
c
c
' .Furhe ,Plitfss tt tt lneofc esI i t rle on,c imsac tsa lt t
' t r anif ubmi ha he i
)
as nfniy eis
onfr
our' biiy o

.

dee mi whehe a pr t i va i i ur nc ir s c i of whehe a cai ha bee
tr ne
t r
oduc s ld ns a e re pe tve
t r
lm s
n
s bmitd orde e
u te
ni d.

Th sa dng a ay i b isd wn t ( )te ijt Plitfsalg d y s frd a d ( )
e tn i n l ss ol o o: 1 h n ty anif le e l ufee n 2
r
wh t e t a ij r i s fiin l c n rt a dpatc lrz d n tc ne tr lo h p t tc l
eh r h t nu y s u fce ty o cee n riu aie o o j cu a r y oheia
t c ersa ng.SeeKel v Hari 33lF. 81 81 ( 1hCi. )(ç ha sa ng,a
o onf tndi
l . rss
y
3d 7, 9 1 t r 2003 i
To ve tndi

p an ifmus s o ( )h ha s fee a ij r i fc t a i ()c n rt a dp riulrz da d
litf t h w 1 e s u f rd n nu y n a t h t s a o cee n a t aie n
c
( )a t a o i n n ,no c n e t rlo h p teia ...) Plitfs manan t e wee
b cu l r mmie t t o j cu a r y oh tc l ' . an if iti h y r
'
ij rd u o pa me t t I fnt te e y s tsy n t er ls o s r q ie n s f r a
nu e p n y n o n iiy h r b aif i g h i e s r ' e urme t- o n
a lge yil o y Endor e
le dl lus r
s ment l r t n,Pl ntfsbe n eçl s es'a o a ne pos es i of
. n eur ai if c m des e ' nd bt i d s son
t las d ve ces fo t rl s s.Thus l i t post t tt pr umspad by Pl n if
he e e hil r m hei es or
, nfniy is ha he emi
i
aitf s

d n tc nsi t a ij r ,b c u ePlitfsc n iu t ra t ebe eiso t erb r an o o o tt e n n u y e a s an if o tn e o e p h n tt f h i ag i s
u
posesi oft vehils.SeeD. 68a 6.(sBl a et Endore ntexprs l c r onl
s son he ce
E. t ig ec us he
s me
e sy ove s y
l s o s no Pli if ,a c l
e s r , t antfs ny halenge t t s fcenc oft Endore en mus be br
o he ufi i y
he
sm t
t
oughtby

t lsor ...) Pli if di rc ve wha t y bagane f ,butdi s a t rfna a
he e s s ' . antfs d e ei
'
t he r i d or
d o t hei ncil
e pe e f a Endor e e t tt y alegec n ne rti rbe a ei vi at f de a l w.
x ns , or n
s m nt ha he l
a ve rgge c us t ol es e r l a

Re u rn Plitfst fl a cam o t erp lce b f r b a ig a Aril 1Iij r
q iig an if o ie li n h i o iis eo e e rn n tce l nu y
woul be a bes f ie i t s lmie i tnce, be a e t Endor e t i
d
t t utl n hi i t d nsa
c us he
s men ndemnii s
fe
entte - pli if ls o s t tdo no be rt cos oft pr m i .l d,t ve y ba i on
iis antfs' e s r ha
t a he t he e um ndee he r s s
w hi Pl i if t l d t s s ti t t or t tt Endor e e i il or be us t r i no
ch a ntf s i e hi ui s he he y ha he
s m nt s lus y ca e he e s

st ton i whih t p iy doe notvi a e t Gr ves Ame
iuai n
c he olc
s
olt he a
ndme .l i t m ant i t t
nt nfniy i ans ha
Pl i if lc sa ng be us Pl ntfs S gue on be l of t r ary Is or who ha
antfs a k t ndi
ca e ai if l
ar
haf
hidm t e s s,
ve

5

ne rma a cai o ha a cai de ed. y ne rco e t i c am wa de e ' D. 68
ve de l m r d l m ni The ve nt nd he r l i
s ni d. E.
'
a 5.Expe tng Pli tf s t fl a cli o an Endor e e t tdoes not i mniy t m i
t
ci
a n if o ie
am n
s m nt ha
nde f he s
nons nsc l Conve s y,a s i ar ndo t tPli if ha no sa ng be aus t y ha
e ia.
r el s um ng gue
ha antfs ve
tndi
c e he ve

n t s fee a ij r , a d tus e p ci t i lso s t c aln e te End re n ,i
o u fr d n n u y n h , x e t her e s r o h l g h
ng
e
o sme t s
sm ia l il ca ,a t l s sa er a ng t be tt- abett ough t powe o c r ci l ry logi l s he es or r e pi he neis l i hr
he
r f onta t
of beng i ur d unde a Endor e e t y do not pa f . Ac r ngl Pli if ha
i ns e
r n
s m nt he
y or
co di y, antfs ve

sa d n i t slmie i tn e b c u et y s fee c n r t,c n z bl ij re wh n t y
tn i g n hi i td nsa c e a s he u fr d o c ee og ia e nu is e he
pa d f a Endor e e t tal ge y doe notpr dei ur nce.
i or n
s m nt ha le dl
s
ovi ns a
Ri
penes
s

Si lry,l i t a guest tt sc e i notrpe f rr e be us i hasnotde e a
mia l ntniy r
ha hi as s
i o eviw ca e t
ni d
cl i .S-he rpene s doc rne pr e t f der l cours fom e gi i s c a i n or w a tng
am l- i s
l
ti
ot c s e a
t r
nga ng n pe ul to
si
t r r our es t ough t r e of pot nta or a tac di put .D i t Pr pe te , I v
hei es c hr
he evi w
e il
bs r t s es gial o r i s nc. .

Ci o a a in,1 F.d 5 6 5 9 ( 1h Ci.1 97 . c s i rpef rteCo r' rviw,
t fplntto 21 3 8 , 8 1 t r 9 ) The a e s i o h u ts e e
y
no wihsa i l i t sc e i t ti hasye t deny a cai ,be us Pli if s f r d a
t t t ndng nfniy' ont nton ha t
to
l m ca e a ntfs ufe e

c n rt ij r wh n te p i f r a i u a c p lc t t te alg d e n t p o ie
o cee nu y e h y ad o n ns r n e oiy ha h y le e o s o r vd
i ur nce
ns a .
The Endorsem ent

The prm ar c e i be w e n t Pa tes i w he he I i t s oblga i t i m ni y
i y ont nton t e he r i s
t r nfniy'
i ton o nde f

Pli tf s l s s c n e a ie i a s na i t ti no f e os d by t Gr s Am e
a n if ' es or a ver rs n ce ro ha s t or cl e
he ave
ndmen .
t
Pl ntfsa s r t tunde t Endore e ,t da a t ta l s bec e l aly oblgae
ai if s e t ha
r he
s m nt he m ges ha es or om s eg l
i td

t pa pos- a (nd l t ha a oblgai t i mniy) ca onl se fom a ij r
o y tGr ves a nûniy s n i ton o nde f , n y tm r n n u y
f whi h t i ur i lgaly la e Suc la lt Pli if s bmi,f ls s r l wihi t
or c he ns ed s e l ibl . h ibiiy, a ntf s u t a l qua ey t n he
detnii ofS ca i la lt 't tGr ve di a a w ih.
i ton t rous i biiy' ha a s d w y t
vi

6

TheEndor e tsa e i r e tpa t
s men t t s n elvan r :

LESSOR LI LI ENDORSEM ENT ( i )
ABI TY
Optonal
I e ha
n xc nge f your i r as d pr m i ,t s e s ment ha bee
or
nc e e
e um hi ndor e
s
n
ad t youri ur nc polc
ded o
ns a e iy.
The pr vii i t s e s m e a e e f tve onl whie t i ur d
o sons n hi ndor e nt r feci
y
l he ns e

aut i lasd by you, f a pei of a las sx ( mont , as
o s e e
or
rod
t e t i 6)
hs
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l i t f t r m a nt i t t t Endor e e has be honor d a i has de e
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be n pai t dee m i t t a dut t def nd i e e ss I s ,t Cour fnds t tt
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usi

The Endor e e i not il or be us Pl i if ' i er e a i of t Endor e ent
s m nt s
lus y ca e a ntf s nt pr t t on
he
sm
w oul r nde t Gr ve A m e e ' s vi c a e a nuliy.Even i t Gr ve A m e m e
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* l i t sM oton f Summay J ment( E.68)i GRANTED
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