Maurices Jewelers II, Inc. v. Pandora Jewelry, LLC et al

Filing 31

ORDER granting in part and denying in part 18 Motion to Dismiss. Signed by Judge Federico A. Moreno on 8/29/2017. (mmd)

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UNI TED STATES DI STRI COURT FOR THE CT SOUTHERN DI STRI OF FLORI CT DA M i miDi son a vii Cas Num be 1 25079- V- ORENO e r: 6CI M M AURI S J ELERS 1, I C. CE' EW 1 N , Pli if a ntf, VS. PANDOM J ELRY,LLC a PANDOM EW nd FRAN CHI NG,LLC, SI D ef nt enda . O RDER GRANTI I PART AND DENYI I PART M OTI TO DI I NG N NG N ON SM SS Thi c e a i e fom a fanc s r l i ns p. Pli tf i brngi c am s unde t s as rs s r r hie eato hi a n if s i ng l i r he Fl rda De e i a Unf i Tr de Pr tc s Ac , t Fl i Fr nchi e A c , a com m o l w oi c ptve nd ar a aci e t he or da a s t nd n a cli sofpr s or eso la br c ofc r c . Def nda shavem ove t dimi sa1 t am omis y t ppe nd ea h onta t e nt d o s s l he cai . The Cou tgr nt t moton t dimi sas t t Fl i De ptve a Unf i Tr de l ms r a s he i o s s o he orda ce i nd ar a Pr c i s Ac , but gr nt Pl i if l a t ame is co pl i t ale a ua dnmage a tce t a s antf e ve o nd t m ant o l ge ct l s c itnt wih is r pons t t m o i t dim is The Cour tnds t Pli if has onsse t t es e o he ton o s s . ti he a ntf s sce l pld t pr m is y e t ppe and br a h of co r t c am s a de es t uf inty e he o s or so l ec ntac l i nd ni he De e ntsm o i t dimi st e t co s Fi ly,t Cour fndst pa tes fa s f nda ' ton o s s hos wo unt . nal he t i he ri ' r nchie a e m e c t i ng a M a yl c ce ofl w pr son pr c ude t Pl ntf' cai under gr e nt on a ni r and hoi a ovii e l s he ai ifs l m t Fl i Fr nc s Ac , a c am t tsems fom t pa tes fa hi e r a i hi whi h i he orda a hie t l i ha t r he ri ' r nc s eltons p, c s gover by t ragr ent ned hei eem . THI CAUSE ca beor t Cour u Dee ntsM oton t Dimis( .E.18 , S me f e he t pon fnda ' i o s s D ) f l on Februarv 3.2017. ied TH E COU RT ha cons de ed t m oton, t r s s i r he i he e pons t peri nt por i of t e, he tne tons he r c d,a bei ot w i e f ly a s d i t pr m ies i i e or nd ng her s ' l dvi e n he e s , t s u A D JUD G ED t t m oton i G M N TED i par and D EN I i par . The Court hat he i s n t ED n t g a s Pl i if l ave t fl a Am e r nt a ntf e o ie n nded Com pl i c i t w ih t s O r r by no l t r t n a nt ons s ent t hi de a e ha Sept m be 1 2017. e r 3. 1. Backeround Pl ntf,M a i s J weer I,I . brngs a f - ount c ai if urce' e l s l nc, i ourc ompli a i tDef nt ant ga ns enda s Pa aJ wely,LLC a Pa a Fr nc sng,LLC. l Febnz r 2011 t pa te e e e i o ndor e r nd ndor a hii n ay , he ris nt r d nt a Ma trP r h s Auho iain Ag e me tt alw Pli tf t r ti Pa d r j wer a a se u c a e t rz to r e n o lo anif o eal n o a e ly t D ol n M a l l a i i M i m i Fl i phi l oc ton n a , orda. Pl ntf s prnci l A ndr w K oppel had pror ai i f i pa , e , i a e m e swih Def nda sa arg offr tr f a t ope ne Pandor fa hie sor s gr e nt t e nt nd i ht is e us l o n w a r nc s t e . The Fi s A m e d Com pl i ale t r a e di f r ntt rt nde a nt l ges he e r f e e ypes off a hi e r nc s s: Co e St r A f lbl n Pa nc pt o e: ul- ow ndor s o e, w hi h ca e a 1 Pa a tr c ni s l ndor a pr uc s a br od t , nd ande s or r . d t efont Shop-n- hop: A s i s i s hop-n- hop i a c e r y defne s e w ihi a s or s lal i d pac t n t e de c e t Pandor pr uc s di at d o a od t . Gol De l r Gol dea e s a e m ulib a r t ie s wih a sr d ae : d lr r t- r nd e al r t tong Pa a ndor pr ie. ofl Sive a W hie D e e s:Sive de l s have Pa l r nd t al r l r a er ndor br nde ft i i t a a d itngs n he sor bu t a ls e e e t n gol de l s W hie deaer ar mulibr nd t e, t o e s r xt nt ha d aer . t l s e t- a r t ie s c r yi a lm ied a s t e . e a l r a r ng i t s orm nt The M aser Pur ha e A ut r z ton des g t s t D ol n M al l ton a a Sive t c s ho i a i i na e he phi l oca i s l r deal The M as er Pur e A ut zaton does not s f w hat pr er. t chas hori i peci y oducts a Siver D eal can l er r t i,buti s ys i m us ca y a l as f lne . The M a t r Pur has A ut i a i alo s a e eal ta t t n. t e t our i s se c e hor z ton s t t s t ta a horze r t ie m a e e tt be a G ol Sive ,or W hie r t ie a is di c e i a ha n ut i d e a l r y l c o d, l r t e a l r t t s r ton nd m ay el t change s r aiers at atany tm e. ect o uch et l t us i l Nove be 201 Pli ifa lgest tDe e nt e oye J Vir s ntPl i if n m r 3, antf le ha f nda s' mpl e udy e a e antf a lte . Vi a a s t talhough t Dol n M all a i woul be desgna e a a Sive e tr er dvied ha t he phi l oc ton d i td s l r d ae,Pli t fwo l b p r te t c ry alP n o aj wer l e a d p o u t wi t e e lr ani u d e emi d o ar l a d r e ly i s n r d cs t h f t n h e e i ofwache a t Dol n M al l a i . xc pton t s t he phi l oc ton l r la n e i nce on V i r s e es a s a e, Pl i if alege i pr ee e a' xpr s s ur nc antf l s t oc ded t deveop t o l he D ol n M a l l a i , by negotai a l s f r t i s e, undera ng i ove nt phi l oc ton i tng ea e or e a l pac tki mpr me s , and p r h sn ix u e f rj wer ds a I i u rd ac ie t rl c t of $1 ,500 and t u c a ig t rs o e ly iply. t nc re rh tcu a oss 4 he c tu ton budge wa bewe n $ 000onsr c i t s t e 400, $500, 000 Pandora Jewely r ewed t lyoutf r evi he a or . t l a i a i di f Pl n ifs ot r l a i , whih i a Sc he oc ton, s t d or aitf he oc ton c s tonce sor .' Pl i if a s pt t e ' antf lo e e e a la ef sx yea ssa tng on J 24, 201 nt r d e s or i r t ri une 4. Pl i if ope d t sor i Nove r 201 . Def nda s di notpe m i Pl ntf t antf ne he t e n mbe 4 e nt d r t ai if o ptr has t f llne ofPa a ofe i . Spe fc l De e nt di nota l Pli tf t zc e he ul i ndor f rngs ciialy, f nda s d low a n if o pu c s t Diney, Es e e or Ros c lctons On Aprl 20, 201 Pli if a s d r ha e he s s nc , e ole i . i 5, a ntf dvie De e nt t t fnanc a gr t was sym id by is i biiy t r t i t e c l tons at f nda s ha i l ow h t e t na lt o e al hes oleci Dol n M al phi l. Ra he t n a l Pl ntf t s lt e c l tons De enda ss nta t r i ton notc t r ha low ai if o el hes oleci , f nt e e m na i ie t Pl ntf wihouta a nce notc . Pl i if alege t f itr t pr de notc was a o ai if t ny dva ie antf l s he a lze o ovi ie br c oft pa te a e nt The tnni ton wasefe tve i e a ey. 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L eaalA nal s vsi Flrd De e iea d UnarT a ePr cie Ac o ia cptv n f i r d a tc s t TheFl i Dec ptvea Unf rTrdePrci sAc ( orda e i nd ai a a tce t FDUTPA)i Ci ende t pr e t s snt d o otc acons e fom unf i orde ptve a t orpr ctc s whih di i s t vaue orworh oft um r r ar ce i c s a ie , c m nih he l t he goodsors r i pur ha e by t c um e ,' Uri v.Hel sExt na o s I ,468 So.2d e vces c s d he ons r ' lng m enni t r s nc. 451 45 ( a.1 tDCA 1 ) The Ac pr desa c e ofa ton f tl nfi mehodsof , 4 Fl s 985 . t ovi aus ci or tul ar t c pe ii n,unco ci bl a t or pr tc s a unf i o dec ptve a t or pr tc i t om tto ns ona e c s ac i e , nd ar r e i c s aci es n he conduct of any t ade or com m er . r ce ' j 501. 44) Fl Stt The elme sofaFDUTPA ' 20 1, a. a. e nt . .. cam ae:;()ade eptveac orunf rpr ci ,( c ai a ( a t lda ges' Coach. li r t1 c i t ai a tce' 2) aus ton; nd 3) cua ma ' . 4 l .v.Swap Shop.I ., 916 F.Su 2d 1 , 1 ( 1h Ci. 2) Al nc nc pp. 271 283 1 t r 201 . t h Dee nt do houg fnda s notc edet tPli ifha pr ry pl d t tr tt elm e s t m o i t dimi sf us onc ha antf s ope l e he is wo e nt , he ton o s s oc es on Pl i ifs a l ga i ofa t lda age . 1 a ntf le tons c ua m s The Elvent Cic tha e a ne t t a t lda age ar t he dif r nc be ween e h r ui s xpli d ha c ua m s e t t fe e e t a pr tsvaue unde t c r c a t m a ketva ue oft pr tde i r d.' D e oc a i oduc ' l r he onta t nd he r l he oduc lve e ' m r tc Re oft Congo v. rCa tlGr m . LLC, 4F. p. he Ai pia ou 61 App' 460( ( 1h Ci.201 ( i x 471 1 t r 5) quotng Roli .I v.Hele ,454 So. 2d 580,585 ( a.3d DCA 201 ) t not eexc pton t t lns nc. lr Fl 0). ( abl e i o he A nze ma e s whe t pr uc i r r vauels as a r ul of t de e t -- t n t l y xit n he od t s ende ed l e s es t he f c he he pur as prc i t a oprae m e s e of a t l da ch e i e s he ppr i t a ur c ua mage .' . çn s t pl ntfs mus s' k t hor, ai if l t marhale de e t pr t ga i vauebe we n whatwaspr s d and wha wa delve e s vi nc o ove he p n l t e omi e t s i rd , unl s t de e ntpa me of a pr e s he f nda l d f oduc t t wa tul worhl s . I t lte st ton, t ha s ry t e s n he a tr iuai pl ntf m a r cou t f lprc he pad f t vaue e sgood ors r i e.';. ai if y e p he ul ie i or he l l s e vc ' l De e nt m o t dim is a gui t Pli ifha f ie t a l e a ua da a s f nda s ve o s s r ng he a ntf s a ld o leg ct l m ge . 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Def nda s m ove t dim i s a s r i t he e i c , ki o û co e or ' e nt o s s s e tng t c am i not vibl bec us t pa te ha a wrten ag e m e , t co pl nt lc he l i s a e a e he ri s ve it r e nt he m ai a ks a l ga i of a detnie pr i e, a pl i ifhasno a l ed t pur id pr ie wa mor le tons i t om s nd antf t leg he pore om s s e t n at t ulsa e e ofpr e i e i a t a f ur ac . ha nzhf tt m nt es nt nt ntons s o ut e t Spjo so y et p li n ta alb e a a rme y whe t e p ris h v a wrte ' r mis r so pe s o v ia l s e d g n h at a e e in t c r c add e sng t r l va is ; t co r c ' slnc a ut pa tculr de a l i no onta t r s i he e e nt s ues he nta ts ie e bo ri a t is s t c r lng a l ontoli s ong as t c r c pur t t a es t br dl di put d i s s ' W hie he ont a t pors o ddr s he oa y s e s ue . ' t H ol ng Co. . LLC v. M a tn M a i ta M a e i s l . 423 F.App' 943,94849 ( 1h Ci. di ri ret t ral . nc, x. - 1t r 2011 (ii Adva edM kt Svs Cor v. Yac Sal ,830So 2d924,928( a.4t DCA ) ctng nc c. . p. 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Thepa tescieboh Fl i a M aylndlw ri gr me el t l a aw s he ni aw ri t t orda nd r a a i t motont dimiswih r ar t t pr s o yesoppe cam . n he i o s s t eg ds o he omis r t l li pr i s y esoppe a br c ofe r d cl i s A ti s i whet r t pr i s y e t om s or t l nd ea h ont a am . s ue s he he om s or s oppel cai ca s v vet moton t dimisi vi oft br ac ofconta tcai . l m n ur i he i o s s n ew he e h rc l m Fe r Rul o Ci l Pr d e 8( al pladi i t atr tve e n i t deal e f vi oce ur d) lows e ng n he lenai , ve f he t is a e i heore r ncons s e . l r Che nc A c ount Over a tLii a i , 69 F.Supp.2d 1 it nt n e: cki c dr f t c ton 4 302, 1 21( . Fl. 0 . 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' L Att ssag t Cour wilalow t Plitf t pla br a h ofco rc a pr mis y 4. hi t e, he t l l he anif o e d e c nta t nd o sor eso li t a tm ai t ppe n he le tve. Now, t Cour mus dec de whehe t al gai he t t i t r he le tons s fc e l sa e a cai of ufi i nty t t lm pr s or esoppel Fl i a M a yl nd lw pr vi t t cai s of pr is r eso l omi s y t . orda nd r a a o de ha l m om s o y t ppe esa iht f lwi t e ee nt ( )pl ntf deti ntlyr id on deenda ' pr s ; tbls he olo ng hre lme s: 1 ai if rme al ele f nts omie ()defnda ras na y s d ha e ce t pr s t i e r inc i t f m of 2 e nt e o bl houl ve xpe td he omie o nduc ela e n he or a to o f r e r n e b te panif a d ( )ij tc c n o l bea od d b e o c me to ci n r o b a a c y h litf; n 3 nusie a ny v ie y nfr e n f t pr i e. W . Tow ns nd Cont a tncsl . v.J ns n Ci lConsr.I ,728 So.2d 297, he om s R. e r c i nc e e vi t. nc. 302 ( a.1tDCA 1 ;ha powe LLC v.Ge Elc.Co. 256 F.Supp.2d 402,41 ( Md. Fl s 999) ve r n. e , 0 D. 2003) M or s ci ty,t pr pr s o y et . e uc ncl o ove omis r soppel apli ifmus s , antf t how:( )pr s t t 1 omies ha ar detnie a s tntali nat e;( s j tfabl r i e on pr s sma and ( e i t nd ubsa i n ur 2) how usii e elanc omie de; 3) s how de rm e alr la e on s h pr m i e . PD F Foods LLC .v.N a d J c Co. of G l ndor t i nt e i nc uc o s s , ke ui e e a. I ,No.07- 21 C1 M I nc. 81 7- V- DDLEBROOKS, 2 08W L 1 3 99 , 6( D. a Ap i29 2 0 ) 0 1 31 0 * S. Fl. rl , 0 8 . De e nt a g t t t pr s t Pl i if woul be alowe t o r t a a f nda s r ue ha he omie hat antf d l d o pe a e s t i conce St e'i t i i t t sa e a cai . A pr ie mus be ç tnie a t tr a pt or ' s oo ndefnie o t t l m om s t s i t s o e ms nd de tme' u d rFlrd lw)o i la a d d fni '( n e Ma ya lw) W . Gr ce & Co.v. i '( n e o i a a r t e r n ei t ' u d r r lnd a c e R. a . Ge t Se v . l ,547 So. 2d 91 92 ( a.1 ) Pa Ene s l v.A. J ms Co oda a r ss nc. 9, 4 Fl 989 ; vel tr . nc. S. ol on ., 3 2M d. 43 1 7( 9 6 .Th Co r fn t P an ifsalg to ss fiinl saeap o s 4 1 , 6 1 9 ) e u t ids he litf' l ain u fce t tt r mie e y under Fl rda or M a yl nd lw . Pl ntf al ge t De e nt ag e t t at oi r a a ai if le s hat f nda s r ed ha lhough t he Dol n M a ll a i woul be desgnatd asa Sive de e , t Dol n M all a i woul phi l oc ton d i e l r alr he phi l oc ton d b p r te t c ry alPa o ajwer ln s a d p o ucs wih te e c p in o wac s e emi d o ar 1 nd r e ly ie n r d t, t h x e to f the t . Pl ntfsa lge t de pie beng l beed a Sive deaer D ef nda s m a i c e r t Pl ntf s ai if le hat s t i a l l r l , e nt de t l a o ai i f t t ispr ha t oduc ofe i woul be i lne wih a d t f rngs d n i t d conce St e,' whih i a lges i a t ul pt or ' c t le s s l f bl own Pa a sor ,whi h ca es a c ndor t e c ni omplt as orm e of Pandor pr t . e e s t nt a oduc s ' Pl ntf ' ai if . .. alo a lgest pari ag e d t tt t nu oft i a ee twoul be c er i s le he tes r e ha he e her gr men d ot m nouswih t i t her las a t Dol n M al. The pa tes f t r ag e t t pa e t r s woul be lke e e t he phi l ri urhe r ed ha ym nt e m d i Pl i ifs ot c e sor l t i t Fa l M al. The Cour fnds t e al ga i antf ' her onc pt t e ocaed n he ls l t i hes le tons s fiin t e tbihap o s t ei iea t tr a dtme'u de Flrd lw)o é la a d u tce t o sa ls r mie i fnt s o ems n i '( n r o ia a r s e r n d c dei t '( fnie' underMa ylndlw) ra a . De e nt 'fna a gumenti t tPl ntf f ist a lge t tt pr s wa m or t n f nda s lr s ha ai if a l o le ha he omi e s e ha a t uhf saeme as t t pr e i e i of t pa t wih r ga d t is f ur a t r t ul t t nt o he es nt ntnton he ry t e r o t ut e c . tg r naiy,atuhf sae nta t t pr e i e i ofapa t wih r r t hi f ur doldi rl rt ul ttme s o he esnt ntnton ry t egad o s ut e a ti no t f c s t he ounda i upon w hi h e t ton c s oppelm a be buit' W . .Grace & Co. 547 So. 2d at y l. ' R , 924 ( a.1 . The algai s Fl 989) le tons how mor t n a sae ntoff ur i e D ef ndants e ha ttme ut e ntnt e . r vi we t toor plns a t y woul f a Cco e St e ' a e d t a tm e f a e w ih e e d he l a s he d or t nc pt or , ' gr e o i rm t Pl ntf f t ope ng oft sor , a a e t payme tr s Ther f e, t sCour wilnot ai if or he ni he t e nd gr ed o nt e m . e or hi t l dimist pr is yesoppe c am on t s gr s s he om s or t l l i he e ounds . Fl i Fr hieAct orda anc s De e f ndan s a gue t tPli ifsc am f vi a i oft Fl i Fr nc s Ac s d t r ha a ntf' l i or olton he orda a hie t houl be dim is d bec us M a yl nd lw a i s as s tf t i t pa tes a ee e . l i w e l s se a e r a a pple e orh n he ri ' gr m nt t s ls tl t ta df de alditi tc tsti i di r iy m us a y t c ce oflw nzesoft eted ha çe r src our itng n ve st t ppl he hoi a l he f u s a e. Cl nt v. nt .Ne Glb.LLC, F. 1 9,1 ( 1h Ci. or m t t ' a on l er t o . ' 435 3d 31 323 1 t r 2006 .Genealy, ) rl Fl i e or eschoi - -a pr sonsunl s t lw oft c e f um c r ve sr orda nf c ce oflw ovii e s he a he hos n or onta nes tong publc polcy. M a zoniFa ms I . v.E..DupontDe Nemour .& Co. 761 So.2d 306,311 i i z r p nc I s , ( a.2000) A c c oflw pr son i pr umptvey vald a i i t bur n oft pary Fl . hoie- -a ovii s es i l i nd t s he de he t opposng t c ce ofl w pr son t de onsr t why i s d notbe e or e . J Pl ntf i he hoi - -a ovii o m ta e t houl nf c d - ai if (. doe not a gue t t t c c - - a pr s on s d not be e or ed or t t i co r ve s s r ha he hoi e ofl w ovi i houl nf c ha t nt a ne s r publc polc tong i i y. The a e nts c c of1w pr so sat a f l greme ' hoie a oviin t es s olows: çl s ( aser Purha e s- M t -hi c s Au h rz to js albeg v r e b ,a d c nsr d i a c r a ewih te lwsoft Stt o t o iain h l o en d y n o tue n c o d nc t , h a he ae f M a ylnd...' Pl i ifsposton i t t sna r c c ofl caus onl a i t cai s r a . antf ' ii s hat hi row hoie- -aw l e y pples o l m a ii outoft ag e m e is l a nott pa tes r a i hi . rsng he r e nt te f nd he ri ' eltons p To s uppor isposton t M a yl 1w a is a t Fl i saut y c am s d tt ii hat r and a pple nd he orda t t or l i houl be dim is d,De e s se f ndan sr l on Ha de Food Svse s I v.Bennet N 0. 8069,1 W L t ey r e tm s nc. t, 89994 1 372628,a * ( D.Fl M ac 24,1 . I Hadee t dititc tf t 4 S. a. rh 994) n r , he src our ound t ag e me ' he r e nts c c of l w pr son pr c ude t Fl i Fr nc s A c c ai a gr ed s m a y hoi e- -a ovi i e l d he orda a hi e t l m nd ant um r j me . The Hadee c tnoe t tt s Stt e c n onl be a i bl bec us oft udg nt r our td ha hi t aut a s y pplca e a e he fa hie r ltons p.' The fa hie r ltons p wa c m e e i a ag e m e c ani a r nc s ea i hi ' r nc s ea i hi s e nt d n n r e nt ont i ng c c oflw pr son.L ,Se Zou He i Fr hii LLC.v.M os r No.1 0061 hoie- -a ovii (. e nds arng anc snc. . e, 6- 9- PHXDGC, 6 W L 6 7 2 ,a * ( Arz No 2 201 )( rn ig moi n t ds s a d 201 4 6 91 t 5 D. i. v. , 6 g a tn to o imis n fndi t pari 'c ceofAlba 1w prcudesaFl i Fr chieAc cam) i ng he tes hoi a ma a e l orda an s t li . l t s c e,t Fl i Fr nc s Ac onl a i by vit oft pari 'fa hie n hi as he orda a hie t y pples rue he tes r nc s r a i hi whi h i gove e by t pa te 'M ase Pur ha e Aut iaton. Tha a e m e eltons p, c s m d he ri s tr c s horz i t gr e nt c ansa c ce ofl w pr sc eeci M a yl nd l a t Cour m us gi t pari s onti hoi - -a oviim l tng r a aw nd he t t ve he te ' i e e f ct Acc di y,t Cour dim is t Fl i a Fr nc s Ac c am . ntnt fe . or ngl he t s s es he ord a hie t l i D.Br a ho nta t e c fco r c De enda sm o t dimist br a ofc r c c am be us t y cl m t lnguage f nt ve o s s he e ch onta t l i ca e he ai he a i t a e m e c r di t t Pli ifscl m . See Cr ns w v.Lit r 556 F. 1 n he gr e nt onta cs he antf ' ai e ha se , 3d 283,1 292 ( 1h Ci.2009 (k he t e bis c r c t ge r a co l oy ale tons o t 1t r ) tW n he xhi t ontadit he neal nd ncus r lgai f he he e c e l he pla ng,t e bis goven.) Alhough t M astr Pur hase Agr ement does alow t e di he xhi t r '. t ' De e nt t t r nae t ag ee torpe ng or r ,i doe r quie i e a enotc t t f nda s o e mi t he r men ndi de s t s e r mm dit ie o he Pli tf .Pl ntf cl m si di notr c venotcet tisor r wer bei t r na e a t ti a n if ai if ai t d e ei i ha t de s e ng e mi t d nd ha t woul not be pe m it d t s l c r a n lnes The Cour, t r f e fnds Pl i i f s f c e l d r te o e l e t i i . t he e or , i a ntf uf i i nty s a e a c a m f rbr a h ofc r t tt s l i o e c ontac . ' D N A DODRDiCabraMi ili,i l oAgs21. O E N R EE n hme t n ,od ts s m Frah fuut07 a. , ,' . . ' ' . FEDERI .M ORE .. .. ' ,.r -r ë -' :J . . eze' xw e UNI S TE TATES bI TRI J S CT UDGE Copi sf ni he t e ur s d o: Co e ofRe or uns l c d

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