Boreustein v. Williams Island Property Oners Assoc. Inc.

Filing 41

ORDER granting 34 Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim. Signed by Judge Kathleen M. Williams on 3/28/2019. See attached document for full details. (dpa)

UNI
TED STATES DI
STRI CO URT
CT
SO UTHERN DI
STRI O F FLO RI
CT
DA
Case No.1625182- V- I AM S
CI W LLI
LEON BORENSTEI
N,
Pl ntf,
ai if
VS.

W I AMS I
LLI
SLAND PRO PERTY OW NERS
ASSOCI O N,I
ATI
NC.
Def
endant
.
/

ORDER
THI M ATTER i bef e t Cour upon Def
S
s
or he
t
endant W ii s I and Pr
lam sl
l
opery
t

Own s As oca in,I ' ,(De end t)mo in t dimis ( 3 ,t whih Pl n i,
er s ito ncs. ' f an' to o s s DE 4) o c ait f
'
f
L Bor sei (pl n i' fl a r pon e ( 39 , d De end a r y ( 40 .F
eon en t n ' aitf) i
'
f' ed es s DE ) an f ant epl DE ) or
t r as sdicu s d b o Def dan ' mot t dimis ( 34)i GRANTED.
he e on s s e elw, en t
s i o s s DE
on
s
BACKG RO UND

Pl n i i a J sh idi du o Mexian n i or n.( 33 1 110 11 . On
ait f s ewi n vi al f
f
c at
onal i DE
gi
1 - )
1
Sept ber 23, 2015, Pl ntf w as em pl
em
ai if
oyed by Def
endant as a f
ood and bever
age

di t . ( 33 ! 1 . Pl n i al
r or DE
ec
1 2) aitf l
f egest atdurn hi emplymen wi Def d t hi
h
ig s
o
t t
h en an , s
s er iorJ ete Gidigs ' eat a h tl wor en ionmen'and s j ced hi t
up vs an t d n ' ed os i
cr
e k vr
t
'
ube t m o
' ar s t bul ig,an dic i i t ' ( 33 ! 1 . Sp f al Pl n i al s
' as men , l n
h
y
d s r na i ' DE
m
on.
1 3) ecic l ait f l
i y,
f ege
t he was r r t weara nam e t w ih t wor i exi 'underhi nam e even
hat
equied o
ag t he
d l
M co'
s
t
hough he i an Amercan cii ,t G i ngs r used t gi hi t feedom t
s
i
tzen' hat ddi
ef
o ve m he r
o
schedul of days t she woul gi a si i Am ercan em pl
e f
hat
d ve
m l
ar
i
oyee't she cancel a
, hat
l
ed

Han a ev th h pl n an s aed d e h v en
uk h en e ad an ed d t t '
l
wl a e ough J ws i t e Cl a i i'
e n h ub s t s'
,
'
1

an t ats al e hi t l/ ostont a I s one. ( 33 I 1 22) On De emb
d h he t d s ie p i o es er
er
t
i
DE N 5- .
c er
1O,2015,Pl ntf was t m i ed by Def
ai if
er nat
endantas a r toft
esul hese di i i or act
scrm nat y s.

( 3 ! 1 3 45)
DE 3 1 28, 6, .
1
O n Sept ber1,201 Pl ntf i tat a com pl ntwih t EqualEm pl
em
6, ai if nii ed
ai t he
oymen
t

Opp
oduni Comm ison (EEOC',who r j t Pl n i ' cai and isu a r tt
t
y
si $
1
'
)
eeced ait f l m
fs
s ed i -ogh
sue I t . Based on t f ualal
eter
he act
l i descrbed above,Pl ntf advanc t ee
egatons
i
ai if
es hr

c s o a t .( )dicr n i ba ed on na inal i n' 2)dic i n i b ed on
au es f c i 1 s i at
on'
mi on s
to or ,
gi ( s rmiat as
on
r l on' d ( n ien hin r t t an sup vson.
ei ,
gi an 3) egl t r g, e en i
g
i
on d er ii
I. LEGAL STANDA RD
I

To s vv a Rue 1 b)6)mo i t di s a pl n i mu tplad s fi en f t
ur ie
l 2( (
ton o smis, ait f s e u f t acs
f
ci
t sa e a cai t ati ' au bl on i f c ' As r f v / / 5 U. 6 678 ( 009
o tt l m h s ' si e t a e. hc o t .qba , 56 S. 62,
pl
s
'
2 )
( uo ig BelAt nt Co p. v T mbl 5 U. 5 57 ( 07). Th Coud'
q tn
l l i r . wo y, 50 S. 44, 0 20 )
a c
e
s
consi aton i lmied t t al i pr
der i s i t o he l ons esent See GS7 I v.Long Ct 999
egat
ed.
nc.
p,
l i
e
ed
r
I
F. 1 8,1 0 ( 1 h Ci 1 3) AI f tualalegatons ar accept as tue and aI
2d 50 51 1 t r 99 . I ac
.
r
easonabl i er
e nf ences ar dr
e awn i t pl nt f f
n he ai i ' avor See Speaker B. U. De fof
fs
.
S. p'

HeaIh & Hum an Ser Cts.f Di
t
vs. r or sease Contol& Pr enton,623 F. 1371,1379
r
ev i
3d

( 1 h Ci. 0) s as Robe t ? &a.Power& Li Co. 1 F. 1
1 t r 201 . ee lo
,
rs .
ght , 46 3d 305,1 07 ( 1h
3 1t
Ci.1 98) Nev el s, l a pl n i n d n pr vie l t l f t al lga i s,
r 9 . edh es whi
e ait f ee ot o d d ai ac u al ton '
f
de ed
e
'
t al
he l i m us consi ofm or t d f m ul c r t i oft el
egatons
t
st
e han ' or ai eciaton he ement ofa c
a
s
ause

o a t ' T mbl 55 U. a 55 ( er ct t
f c i ' wo y, 0 S. t 5 i nal i i an quo a i s omie .
on.
nt
a ons d
t ton
t d)
t
'cl l or al ga i s, un r t d f c u de ton or I
' oncus y l ton
l
e
waran e a t al duc i s
egal c lson
oncu i s
m as
quer ng as f t wilnot pr
adi
ac s l
eventdi i .' Davia v.Dela Ai Li
sm ssal'
'
l
t r nes,I ,326
nc.

F.d 1 83,11 5 ( 1 h Ci 2003 . Th ' c u al at s mu tbe en gh t r s a
3 1
8 1t r
.
) e d t al l i
l
la
eg on
s
ou o aie
2

rghtofr i above t specul i I . Y als v.Fl I 'Uni ,495 F. 1
i
el
ef
he
atve evel'
'
l
a. nt
l v.
3d 289,1295

( 1h Ci 2
1 t r 007)( ot Twombl 55 U. a 5 .
.
qu i
ng
y, 0 S. t 45)
11 DI
1. SCUSSI N
O
Def
endant m oves t di i Pl ntf' com pl n f sever r
o sm ss ai ifs
ait or
al easons. Fist
r

Def
endantar
gues t Pl nt fs com pl ntf l t s i y t basi pl ng r r ent
hat ai i '
f
ai ai o atsf he
s
c eadi equiem s
of Rul 8 of t Feder Rul of Ci lPr
e
he
al es
vi ocedur Second, Def
e.
endant ar
gues t
hat
Pl nt fs com pl ntf l t st e a cl m f r i ous and natonalorgi di i i i
ai i '
f
ai ai o at
s
ai or el
gi
i
i n scrm naton
because Pl ntf' di i i i cl m s do notsats y t el ent ofa prm a f e case
ai if scrm naton ai
s
if he em s
i aci
ofdi i i i setf t i t Supr e Coud' deci on i M cDonnel Dougl Cor v.
scrm naton
orh n he
em
s
si n
l
as
p.

Gr en, 1U. 792, S. . 81 3 L. 2d668 ( 973) Fi l De en tar s
e 41 S.
93 Ct 1 7, 6 Ed.
1 . nal f dan gue
y,
t Pl ntf' cl m f negl
hat ai ifs ai or
i
genthii r enton and/ super si f l because such
rng, et i
or
vi on ai
s
cl m s cannotbe based on har
ai
assm entordi i i i
scrm naton.

a. Pl ntf' NatonalOrgi and Relgi
ai ifs
i
i n
i ous Di i i i Cl m s
scrm naton ai
Til VI of t Ci lRi s Ac of 1964 makes i unl f f an em pl
te I
he vi ght
t
t aw ul or
oyer'o
'
t
di i i e agai tany i vi
scrm nat
ns
ndi dualwih r
t espec t hi com pensaton,t m s,condii
to s
i er
tons,
or prvi
il
eges of em pl ent because ofsuch i vi ' r
oym
,
ndi dual ace,col , r i on,sex,or
s
or el
gi

n ton or n. 42 U. C. 2OO -2( ( ) Def dan ar est atPl n i ha f l t
a i al i '
gi
S. j Oe a)1 . en t gu h ait f s ai o
f
ed
esabl h aprma f ec e o dic i n i byf l t sh w t at( Def dan teaed
t i
s
i aci as f s rmiat
on aing o o h a) en t r t
i

si l l st t empl ees ousie o t e p ot t cas mor f v abl ( t th
mi y i ed
ar ua
oy
t d f h r eced l s e a or y b) ha e
suf ed an a er e emplymen aci an ( )t ath wasquali f t j
fer
dv s
o
t ton, d c h e
ied or he ob.
f
I t empl entdi i i i cont t couds have s r ed t det m i what
n he
oym
scrm naton
ex ,
t uggl o er ne
pl ntfs m ustal
ai if
l i t rpl ngs i or t sur ve a m oton t di i underRul
ege n hei eadi n der o vi
i o sm ss
e

1 b)6) Se As
2( ( . e hmor v F. A. No.11CV- 272,201 W L 391 52,a * ( D. a.
e . A. ,
- 6O
1
57
t 3 S. Fl
3

Sep .2,2011 . Th Su eme Coud,h wev ,h mad ceart a a pl n i doe n t
t
) e pr
o er as
e l h t ait f s o
f
n d t esabl h a pr f i dic i n ton c s i or t su vv a Rul 1 b (
ee o t i
s
i ace s rmia i a e n der o r ie
ma
e 2( )6)

mo i See Swi kewiz v Sor N.A. 53 U. 5 51 ( 02)( pl nig t a
t
on.
er i c . ema
, 4 S. 06, 0, 20 ex ai n h t
t Mc
he DonnelDougl bur shitng s andar f m aki outa prm a f e case ds an
l
as den- fi t
d or
ng
i aci
l
i

evi n i ysand d,n a pl di r r
de tar t ar ot ea ng equi
emen '.
t)
'
Even t
hough Swi ki c pr ed Twom bl and I ,t El
er ewiz edat
y
qbal he event Cicui has
h r t

r afimed Swi kewiz satn t at i r ne t e c e t t $a c ait i an
e f
r
eri c t ig h t emai d h as ha t J ompl n n
(
em pl entdi i i i case need notcont n specii f sest i ng a prm a f e
oym
scrm naton
ai
fc act
abl
shi
i aci
case undert evi i y fam ew or f such cases t sur ve a m oton t di i '
he dentar r
k or
o
vi
i o sm ss.
'

Hend s ? JP Mo gan Chas Bank N. ,43 F.Ap x 935,93 ( 1h Ci.2O11 .
er on .
r
e
, A. 6
p'
7 1t r
)
Nevedhel
ess, t Coud i Hender
he
n
son expl ned t
ai
hat t com pl nt m ust ' ai
he
ai
'
cont n

s fii tf t al tert s or a r s bl if en e t t(h de en j en ge
u f en ac u ma t o upp t ea ona e n er c ha t e f dan ga d
c
i r ci dic i n ton .. ( e pait c l h e mett i s an d by al ng f t
n a al s rmia i .. Th l n i oud av
m
hs t dar
l
egi acs
showi t si i l siuat I appl
ng hat m l y- t ed oan
ar
i s out de herr al ass wer o#er m or
cant
si
aci cl
e
ed
e
f
avor e I t m s. I '
abl oan er ' d. '
'
Thus,iappear t a pl ntf est i ng a prm a f e cas
t
s hat ai if abl
shi
i aci
e

o dic i n tonun Mc nneliel s vv a Rue 1 b ( mo i Ho erwhen
f s rmia i der Do lI y ur ies
k
l 2( )6) ton. wev ,
a pl ntf f l shod ofsuch a prma f e case t coud m ustdet m i whet t
ai if al
s
i aci
he
er ne
her he

pl n i may h e n edhel s al d e gh t su vve a Rul 1 b ( mo i '
ait f
f
av ev
es l
ege nou o r i
e 2( )6) ton.
Ashm or 2O11W L 3915752,at*
e,
3.

To pl d a pr f i c s f dic i n i
ea
i ace a e or s rmiat
ma
on,Pl n i mu tal ge t t11 h i
ait f s l ha d ) e s
f
e
(
a memberofa pr ect cl ( he was subeced t an adver empl
ot ed ass, 2)
j t o
se
oymentacton,
i

( hi emply teat smi l st t d emply s ou sd ofhi pr eced ca smor
3) s
o er r ed i l y i e
ar ua
o ee t ie
s ot t ls
e
f v aby,an ( h wasqualid t do t ej ' Wor v AF&F, 76 F. ' 90 91
a or l d 4) e
ie o h ob.
f
' d .
5
Appx 8, 4
4

( 1 h Ci.201 . To s if t e t r el t t pl n i m u ti t y atl ton
1 t r 4)
at y h hi emen , he aitf s den i
s
d
f
f
eas e
si i l siuat em pl
m l y- t ed
ar
oyee who was teat dif enty t
r ed fer l han hi . See Dawson B.Mi m
ami

Dad Ct ,No.0 201 CI 20 W L 1 242 at* ( D.Fl Mar 11 200 . Th
e y.
7- 26 V, 08
9 66, 8 S. a. . , 8) e
pr f ed em pl
ofer
oyee m ustbe si i t pl nt f'n aI m at i r
m l o ai i ' I eral espect ' Lewi v.Ci of
ar
f i
s.
s
t
y

Unin Ci ,Geor a,No.1 11 62, 9 W L 1 058, * 2 ( 1h Ci. . , 01 )
o t
y
gi
5- 3 201
285
at 1 1 t r Mar 21 2 9 .
The Cour agr
t ees t Pl ntf has not est i
hat ai if
abl
shed a prm a f e case of
i
aci
di i i i bec
scrm naton
ause he has f l t sufi enty i i a si e si i l siuat
ai o
ed
fci l dentf
y
ngl m l y- t ed
ar

em pl
oyee who was teat dif enty t
r ed fer l han hi . Alhough Pl ntf cl ms t 'he ot
m
t
ai if ai hat d
t
her
Am ercan em pl
i
oyee'was gi m or feedom t schedul of days,he does notpr de
'
ven
e r
o
e f
ovi
any sod ofdet laboutt s com par or Pl ntf does notal
ai
hi
at . ai if
l t ot em pl
ege he her
oyee'
s

natonalorgi or r i on. Nor does he al
i
in
el
gi
l
ege t t ot em pl
hat he her
oyee was si i l
ml y
ar
siuat t hi i t m s of em pl ent r
t ed o m n er
oym
esponsi l i
biies. Such gener com men s ar
t
al
t e
i fci t es abl a prm a f e case. See Ar afB.Sch.Bd.ofBr
nsufi ent o t i
sh
i aci
af
owar Ct ,549
d y.

Fed. px 87 87 ( 1h Ci 201 ( ercu i ( f mig an or dim isn a c e
Ap . 2, 4 1 t r 3) p
.
ram) afi n
r
der s s ig as
f f l e t st e a cl m when t pl nt f com pl nt'
or aiur o at
ai
he ai i '
fs
ai l
genercal r er
i l ef enced younger
y

mal bu no er i herc ait i sh i t yan val c ar t st un gi
es, t wh e n
ompl n dl e den i y i omp a or o der r
d)
f
d
d
herdi ar t teat tcai '. Addion l no er i t e c aitdoe Pl ni
sp ae r men l ms'
)
t al wh e n h ompl n
i y,
s ait f
f
al
l t he was qual i f hi posii
ege hat
i ed or s
f
ton. Ther or Pl ntf has notest i
ef e, ai if
abl
shed a

prma f e case ofdi i i i
i aci
scrm naton.
Pl nt f has al f l t st e a cl m undert El
ai i
f
so ai o at
ed
ai
he event Cicui' r ng of
h r ts eadi

Swir i c . I J k on B Bel h Teec mm u c i ,37 F. 1
e kewiz n ac s . l
sout l o
niat
ons 2 3d 250,1 0 ( 1h
27 1 t
Ci.200 t e El en h Ci i e aied t atl l Swir i c made cear t t
r
4) h ev t r t xpl n h l e
cu
whi
e kewiz
l ha
pl ng a M cDonnel Dougl prm a f e case was notnecessar t sur ve a m oton
eadi
l
as i aci
y o vi
i
5

t di i i di noteven r ot y suggestt a pl ng coul sur ve di i when
o sm ss,t d
em el
hat eadi
d vi
sm ssal
i consit of onl t bar t of concl y al
t
s ed
y he
es
usor l i w ihout notce of t f ual
egatons t
i
he act

gr
ounds on w hi t pur t be based. The Coud t f
ch hey pod o
'
'
hen ound t pl ntfsf l t
hat ai if ai o
ed
st e a cl m because Ihe whol unsuppoded char t t def
at
ai
d
t
l
y
ge hat he
endant act
s
ed
dif enty i cases not i vi m i iy pl ntfs,even i i wer suppoded by som e
fer l n
nvol ng nort ai if
ft
e
specii f s or exam pl i not sufi ent t st e a cl m f r al m otvat
fc act
es, s
fci
o at
ai or aci l
y
i ed

di r n i 'I a 1 (i ngt a 'o r s anif enc o dicr n or mo iat
sc i at ' d. t 273 f
mi on.
ndi h t t aie ner e f s i at y t i
mi
v on,
t i vi s m us be si i l siuat i aI r evant r
he ndi dual
t
m l y t ed n l el
ar
espect besi
s
des r 'and
ace'

pl ntfs 'ai t i iy any specii nonm i i em pl
ai if ' l o dentf
f ed
fc
nort
y
oyees w ho wer teat
e r ed

dier t i ot ersi l c es'.
f en l n h mi as '
f
y
ar
)
Thus,even under Swi ki cz, Pl ntf m us al
er ewi
ai if
t l
ege som e f s t suppod an
act o
i er
nf ence t si i l siuat em pl
hat m l y t ed
ar
oyees have been f abl teat
avor y r ed. Pl ntf
ai irs

al
l i t 'he ot Amercan em pl
egaton hat '
t
her
i
oyee'was gi m or feedom schedul of'
ven
e r
i
ng f
days, wihout m or i i fci t suppod t i er e t
t
e, s nsufi ent o
he nf enc hat he was t m i ed
er nat

bec s o hs n ton or n orr i on. As r 201 L 391 752,at* (ner al
au e f i a i al i
gi
el
gi
hmo e, 1W
5
4 it n

ctton omie .Ac or ngl t e Cour fn t tPl n i ha f l t s a e a cl m f
i i
a
t d) c di y, h
t
t ids ha ait f s ai o t t
f
ed
ai or
natonalorgi and r i ous di i i i
i
in
el
gi
scrm naton.
b. Pl ntf ' NeglgentHii Ret i and/ Super si Cl m
ai ifs
i
rng, enton
or
vi on ai

A p ici maybe s j c t I lydorph sc har t t id p s s c s by
rn pal
ube t o i i s
abit f y ial m o hr er on au ed
(s f l e t ex cs r as abl car t emply a c mpe en and c e ul
i ) ai
t
ur o er ie e on e
e o
o
o t t
ar f
empo ee a tc tacor o: a dowor whc wi iv v a r ko phy ia h m u es
ly / gen /on r t t ( )
k ih l n ole i f sc l ar nl s
l
s
ii s if l an c e ul done, ( )p f m an duywhc t e emplyero st t r
t s klul d ar f l
l y
y
or b eror y t ih h
o
we o hid
per
sons. Smol karv.RoyalCarbbean Cr ses Lt ,787 F.Supp.2d 1308,1318 ( D.
'
'
ni
i
ui
d.
S.
6

Fl 2011 .To sat a cl m f ne i thiig orr t t agai ta p ici , pl ni
a.
)
t e ai or gl
gen rn
e en i
on
ns rn pala ait f
f
mus pr e t t.1 t e ag temply / on r t was icomp en orun it p f m
t ov ha . ) h en/ o ee c tacor
(
n
et t
f o eror
t
t e wor ,( t empl erk w or r on y s l ha e k wn oft e padiul
h
k' 2) he
oy ne
eas abl houd v no
h
c ar

ic
n ompeen e or f n s; d ( )t e i omp en e or f n swasapr i e c s
t c un i es an 3 h nc et c un i es
t
t
oxmat au e
o t e pait f ij y'I
f h l n i' nur . d.
fs
'
t
'
The prnci dif ence bet
i pal fer
ween negl
i
gent hii and negl
rng
i
gent r en i as a
et ton
basi f em pl
s or
oyerI ly i t tm e atwhi t em pl
i i s he i
abit
ch he
oyeri char
s
ged wih know l
t
edge

o t e emply s u ft s' Mu o d v Car v Cor , F.
fh
o ee' n i . mf r . nial p.7 Supp. d 1
nes '
3 243, 249( D.
1
S.
Fl 201 .Negl en hr oc ur wh l ror ot etmet e empl eei a t al hi
a. 4)
i t ii c s en,' i t h i h
g
ng
p
oy s c u l r
y ed,
t em pl
he
oyerknew orshoul have known oft em pl
d
he
oyee' unft
s iness,and t isue of
he s
I ly prm arl f
i i
abit
i i ocuses upon t adequac of t em pl ' pr em pl ent
y
he
y
he
oyers eoym

i
nvestgaton i o t em pl
i i nt he
oyee' backgr
s
ound. I W her
' d.
'
eas, I ly f negl
i i or
abit
i
gent
r enton '
et i '
occur aferem pl
s t
oymentbegi wher t em pl
ns,
e he
oyerknows orshoul know of
d

an em pl
oyee' unft
s iness and f l t t f
ai o ake udheracton such as i tgatng,di
s
i
nves i i
schar
ge
orr
eassi
gnment' Fr
. anza ?.RoyalCarbbean Cr ses,Lt ,948 F.Supp.2d 1327,1334
'
i
ui
d.

( D.Fl 201 . De en tmov t dimis Pl n i' n i thrn r en i cai
S. a. 3) f dan
es o s s ait f egl
fs
gen iig/et ton l m
ar ng t t s t
gui hat hi ype of cl m cannot be based on har
ai
assm ent ordi i i i and
scrm naton

ar ngt tPl n i' cai i b r d b au e Pl n i su f ed n ph sialnur .
gui ha ait f l m s are ec s ait f fer o y c ij y
fs
f
The Cour agr wih Def
t ees t
endant Fist underFl i I 'he underyi wr
. r ,
orda aw '
t
l ng ong
al
l
egedl com m i ed by an em pl
y
t
t
oyee i a negl
n
i
gentsuper si or negl
vi on
i
gent r enton
et i

cai mu tbe b ed onan ij r r ulngfom a t (h t i r o z und c
lm s
as
n u y es t r
i
od t a !s ec gnied er ommon
lw. Sc t v Del at s Su tSer . I ,5 F.Sup 2d 1 7,1 48 ( D.Fs
a ' el . i es en ppor vs, nc. 7
'
a
c
p. 32 3 M. a.
aw
i or
1 99) Bec s Fl i Iw d
9 .
au e or a oes n t r o z a c
da
o ec gnie ommon I cause of acton f
7

har
assm entordi i i i
scrm naton,Fl i I cannotr
orda aw
ecogni a com m on I acton based
ze
aw
i
on t negl
he
i
gent f l e t m ai ai a wor ace t
ai
ur o
nt n
kpl
hat i fee of di i i i or
s r
scrm naton

har s t See I ( s s i cam f rnegl en hiig r t ton b ed o s xu
as men .
d. dimisng li o
i t rn /e en i as n e al
g
har s t.
as men )
Second, under Fl i s 'm pact r e' a pl ntf cannot r
orda' '
i
ul '
ai if
ecover dam ages f
or
em otonaldi r caused by t negl
i
stess
he
i
gence ofanot i t pl ntf has notsust ned
her f he ai if
ai
any physi i pac orcont . See Mi iDade Ct v.Car
cal m
t
act
am y.
doso,922 So.2d 301,301

( a. 3d DCA 20 ) (e er ig j dgmen r a ed t pl n i' cai f ne i t
FI
06 r v sn u
t elt o ait f l m or gl
fs
gen
su vsonwher pl n i f l t sh w i c or y c ij r l Rese B Ri -ca l
perii
e ait fai o o mpa t ph sialn u y ' ly . t rt
f ed
,
z
on
Hot Co. 98 F.Sup 1
el , 9
p. 442,1 ( . Fl 1 7)( dig t a a pl n i' ne i t
449 M D. a. 99 hol n h t ait f gl
fs
gen

r t to a hin cai f l b au e t pl n i di no al ge ph sc ij y,
e en in nd r g l ms ai ec s he ait f d t l
i
ed
f
e
y ial nur
t er ys if ng Fl i si c r el J s v Nap/ Cmt Ho p. I . 8 F. pp.
h eb at yi or
s
da' mpa t ul ; enk . es y. s , nc, 29 Su

2d 1 35, 257 ( D. a. 1 ( an i de en t s m ma yj dgmen onne i t
2 1 -58 M. Fl 201 ) gr t
ng f dan ' u
s
r u
t
gl
gen
su vson an r eni cai wh e pait ff l t al an i t;W ed v Se,
perii
d et t l m er l n i ai o l
on
f ed
ege
mpacl l .

Cos,I . 1 F.Su
. nc , 0
pp.2 1 8,1 ( D.Fl 998)( an ig mot t dimis
d 31 323 M. a.1
gr tn
i o s s
on
negl
i
gentsuper si cause ofacton f f l e t s at a cl m wher pl ntf' c pl nt
vi on
i or ai
ur o t e
ai
e ai ifs om ai

f ld t s t f t e i tr l .
ai o a i y h mpac ue)
e
s
Her Pl ntf has not al
e, ai if
l
eged t
he el
ement of a negl
s
i
gent hii
rng,
r enton super si cl m . Nordi he r
et i /
vi on ai
d
espond t Def
o
endants ar entt t s t
' gum
hat hi ype
ofcl m cannotbe based on har
ai
assmentordi i i i Addii l Pl ntf di not
scrm naton.
tonal
y, ai if d

al an ph sc ij yup whi hi cl msc b ba ed.Al ou Pl n i cai
l
ege y y ialnur on ch s ai an e s
t gh ait f l ms
h
f

i hs r sp et t e mot t ds s t a h di s ferph sc ij y,Pl n i c o
n i e ons o h
i o imis h t e d u f y ialnur ait f ann t
on
f
amend hi com pl nt hr
s
ai t ough a r
esponse t a m oton t di i &ee Bur
o
i o sm ss.
gess v Rel ous
. i
gi
8

Fe h.Cf / c.600 Fe Ap 65 665 ( 1h Ci. 5) c digl Pl n i ' cai
c c, n ,
d. px. 7,
1 t r 201 .Ac or n y, ait f l m
fs
f negl
or
i
genthii r enton/
rng, et i super si f l
vi on ai
s.

I
V.

CONCLUSI N
O

Fort r
he easons s at above,i i O RDERED AND ADJUDG ED as f l
t ed
ts
ol
ows:

1 De en t mo in t dimis Pl n ir c mpl n ( 3 i GRANTED.
. f dan ' to o s s ait s o ait DE 4) s
s
f
2. CountIIofPl ntf' com pl n i DI I
I
ai ifs
ait s SM SSED W I PREJUDI
TH
CE.
3. Count I
s and 1 ofPl ntf' com pl ntar DI I
1
ai if
s
ai e SM SSED W I
THO UT PREJUDI
CE.
Pl ntf m ay fl an am ended com pl ntwihi 10 days fom t dat of t s
ai if
i
e
ai
t n
r
he
e
hi

O r . Fai e t do so w i r ti di i oft s case.
derl
l o
ur
l esul n sm ssal hi
l
DONE AND ORDERED i Cham ber at M i i orda,t s
n
s,
am ,Fl i hi

day ofM ar
ch

2019.
KATHLE N M .W I AM S
LLI
UNI
TED STATES DI
STRI JUDGE
CT

1The Coud not t t s i t t r tm e t t Coud di i
es hat hi s he hid i hat he
sm sses Pl ntf' com pl nt
ai ifs
ai .

( DE 5' 32) De t nu ou war igst tPl n i mu t ompl wi t ef al
See
,
DE . spi mer s nn ha ait f s c y t h eder
e
f
h
r es of ci lpr
ul
vi ocedur and m uli e oppodunii f Pl n ift am end t com pl nt
e
tpl
tes or aitf o
he
ai ,
Pl ntf has been unabl t adi at f s t suppor hi cl m s.
ai if
e o cul e act o
t s ai The E l
event C icui has
h r t

f nddh deni ofI v t amen i j s ied b f tlywh t e c ait amend
ou ' at al ea e o
t
d s u t i y u it en h ompl n as
f
i
ed
i s i s j tt dimis . Bu ge Ki Cor v N e er 1 9 F.d 1 0, 320( 1 hCi.
s tl ubec o s s al' r r ng p. . av , 6 3 31 1
l
'
1t r
1 ) Nev
999 . edhel s,he Cou wi al Pl n i t amen hi di r i t cai on
es t
d l l
l ow ait f o
f
d s sc i na i l ms e
m
on
fnaltm e.
i i
9