Barberi v. Luisi Dollar Discount Mini Market, Inc. et al

Filing 13

ORDER denying 9 Motion to Dismiss; denying 10 Motion to Dismiss. Defendants shall file an answer to Plaintiff's complaint no later than 7/3/2017. Signed by Judge Federico A. Moreno on 6/16/2017. (kcg)

UNI
TED STATES DI
STRI COURT FOR THE
CT
SOU TH ERN D I
STRI OF FLO RI A
CT
D
M i miDi son
a
vii
C as N um be 17e
r: 20522- I - O REN O
C V M
REN ZO BA RBERI
,
Pl nt f
ai if,
VS.

LU I DO LLA R D I
SI
SCOU N T M l l
N
M ARKET,I C.D/ A CASTI
N , B/
LLO
M ARKET a BROTHERS,
nd
LLC,

De e nt .
f nda s
/
O R DE R D EN Y I G DEFEN D A NT S'M O TI N S TO D I I
N
O
SM SS
BA C K G R O UN D

Thi c e i aones as s
countAm e i nswih Dia ltesAc cai by Re Ba be ia ns
rca
t s biii
tlm
nzo r r gai t
LuiiDola Dic
s
l r s ountM i M a ketd/ / Casil M ar ta t l s / wne ofCa tlo
ni r
b a tlo
ke nd he es oro r
sil

M a ke , m a a Br t r ,LLC.Ba ber i apa a e cwho viie t M a ke t pur ha e
r t Di r nd o he s
r i s r plgi
st d he r t o c s
g oc re , twa t bl t s e s uly s bec us ofc ran ar hie t albounda i s
r e i s bu s ma e o ucc s f l hop a e e ti c t c ur
re
a lge y vi atng va i ADA pr sonsi vi ac s i er e ,diabld- s
le dl ol i
rous
ovii nvol ng; ce sbl outs s e peron

pa ki s ce ,pa s nge l di z
r ng pa s s e r oa ng ones sg
, i nage,s l-er em e c
e fs v
r handie ases se ,b oken
s il , t ps r
tl a une n s f e ,s r i co e s a s vie a ea . Ba be ia lgest tr movalof
ies nd ve urac s e vce unt r , nd er c r s r r le
ha e

t s dic i i t y ba re si r adiy a hiva eandt hni ly f asbl He lvesi cos
he e s rm na or r ir s e l c e bl
ec ca l e i e.
i n l e
pr miyt t M a ke ,i fe nty i t a ea a i e t r t n wihi t ne sx
oxi t o he r t s r que l n he r , nd ntnds o eur t n he xt i
m ont t s ort f t ri s i t A D A c planc
hs o hop o ur he nve tga e
om i e.

Bab r alg s1 t tl ilto so t eADA1a ds e d ca ao ya dij n tv
r e i le e 2 oa vo ai n f h
n e ks e lrtr n n u cie
r i .Def nt movet dim ist c pl ntor ale na i y,move f am or defnie
elef
enda s
o s s he om ai , t r tvel
or
e i t

sae n . Sp ii aly, De e d n sman an ta:( )Babeilc sa dng ( )tec mplit
ttme t2 ecfc l f n a t iti h t 1 r r a ks tn i ; 2 h o an
i af m compl ntt tf ist pl a a dia lt ora c t t alba re se ount e by
s or
ai ha a l o e d ny s biiy
r hiecur r ir nc er d

Babei a d( )teM ak ti n tg ven db t eADA b c us i i n taplc o p bi
r r; n 3 h r e s o o r e y h
e a e t s o a e f u lc
a commodaton.Thi Cour c ude t tBa ber' c
c
i
s
t oncl s ha r is ompli ti s fce , gr nt l vet
a n s uf int but a s ea o

Dee d n st ra g sa dn a s mma yj d me t t teb n f o amo ec mplt
fn a t o e r ue t n ig t u r u g n wih h e eh f r o ee
r co d.
e r
I.
I

LEG A L STA ND A R D

t pl di t tsa e ac am f r le m us c an.. s r a pli sa e ntoft
t ea ng ha t t s l i or ei f t ont i .a ho t nd a n t t me
A
he

cam s ngt tt pla i e ildt rle.'FED. CI P. a)2) çlos vi a
li howi ha he e der s ntte o eif'
R. V. 8( ( . t' ur ve
'
m o i t dimis aco pl ntm us co an s fce f c ualma t ,a e e astue t ttt a
ton o s s , m ai
t nt i ufi int a t
ter cc pt d r , o sae

cam t r l f h ti plu il o isf c .'As c otv I b l 5 6U. 6 2, 7 ( 0 9
li o ei t a s a sbe n t a e' h rj . q a , 5 S. 6 6 8 2 0 )
e
'
( i BelAt.Cor v.Twombl 550U. 544,570(
quotng l l p.
y,
S.
2007).Whiedealdf cual
)
l tie a t
al to ar notr quied,t a lga i mus i l ç no t r iea rghtt r le a ve
legai ns e
e r he le tons
t nc ude t ugh o a s i o e if bo
e
t s c a i l ve .' Twombl 550U . a 555. A pladi m us ofe m or t n t a sa
he pe ultve e l'
y,
S. t
e ng
t f r e ha i bel nd
l
c l i ' o t f m ul cr ia i oft e e nt oft c us ofa ton. f
oncusons' r é or ai ect ton he l me s he a e c i ' #.
a
'

1The c
ompl nts
ai uggesst t ea eot rvi ai notye know n, buti tfa ea t a on-ie
t hat her r he oltons
t
den iibl fer n st
i peci Howe r asDefnda sar Baber ha nosa ng f cl msa i ng fo vi ainsofwhih he
ns ton.
ve ,
e nt gue, r i s tndi or ai rsi r m olto
c
lc know l
a ked
edgea t tm et c pl ntw a fld.Se Acc s N ow,I .v.S.Fl St um Cop. 1 F.Su
t he i he om ai
s ie
e es
nc
a. adi
r , 61
pp.

2 15 1 6 ( D. l. 0 )
d 3 7, 3 4 S. Fa 2 01.
2De e nt e h tld as part , butnca l i ialmoton.Thus t Cour te st t motonsas
f nda s ac ie e ae
ry dentc
i
, he
tr at he wo i
One.

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2-

11
1.
A.

ANALYSI
S

St
andi
ng

Deenda sa g t tBa be idoe no ha sa ng t brng hi cl m .Att m o i
f nt r ue ha r r
s t ve t ndi o i
s ai
he ton
t dim issa t course ua e sandi bas on t f t alege i t c
o s s tge, he
t val t t ng ed he ac s l d n he ompli . Shot
ant
z

v Cats, F. 1 1 1( 1hCi.2001.Toesa ih sandi apl ntf mus stsy
. e 256 3d 077, 08 1 t r
)
tbls t ng, ai if t aif

t rer q ie n s ( )ij r n f c; 2 ac u a c n e to b t e teij r a dte
h e e urme t: 1 n u pi-a t ( ) a s l o n cin ewe n h n u y n h
c aln e c n u t a d( )ta teij r wil rd e sdb afvo a l d csot fua v
h le g d o d c; n 3 h t h nu y lbe e r se y a r b e e iir j n .

De n e so Wi l e 5 4U. 5 5 5 0 61( 9 2 .
# d r f l f , 0 S. 5 , 6 - 1 9 )
d
P o fo patd srmiaini vilto o t eADA stsist eij r -n-a t
r o f s ic i n to n oain f h
aife h nu y i fc
rquieme .Acc s Now,I v S.Fl St um Cor ,1 F.Supp. 1 1 ( D. a.
e r nt e s
nc. . a. adi
p. 61
2d 357, 364 S. Fl

2 01.Bu , pli tf s e i gij ci er l fi rlto t f t r c n u tas f s s o a
0 ) ta anif e k n nun tv ei n eain o uu e o d c lo ç t h w
e
mu
s t intlke i
ufk e i lhood t thewilbeafec e by t a lgedl unl wf conduc i t f ur '
ha
l
f t d he le y a ul
t n he ut e.
'

Hou t v Mar Su r k t,I .733F. 1 1 ( 1hCi. 3) Saddifrnty,i
son , od pe mar es nc,
3d 323, 328 1 t r 201 . i fee l n

ADA c s s ap an ifmus e tbls u/ ic i nainz dfu u eds rmiaint s tsy
a e , litf t sa ih#f d s rmi to n t r ici n to o aif
J
ij r n f c. See J at1329 Thetra o f t r d srmiainh st b Se la d
nu pi-a t3
h e t f uu e ic i n to a o e û a n
r
.

i dae a o p e t meeyc n e tr l rh p t eia. #. ctn Sh t, 5 F.da
mme it- s p os d o rl o j cu a o y o h tc l'f (iig oz 2 6 3 t
'
1 ) Her,Dee nt a g t tBabeidoesno a
081. e fnda s r ue ha r r
t dequaeyalegepas dic i nai ort
tl l
t srmi ton he
t e toff t edic i i ton.
hr a
' ur s rm na i
u

Ba b r Su ce t Ale sPa t s rmi to
r e i m in l lge s Dic i nai n
y

Dee d n sag et a Bab r ddn ts fra ij r -n fc b c us h spu p s f r
fn a t r u h t r e i i o ufe n nu yi -a t e a e i r o e o
e e i t M ar twast obt n evi ncef one ofhi mor t n 300 ADA l ws t fl a a
nt rng he
ke
o ai de
or
s e ha
a uis ied s
ç ese . Ba be ir s
i tr' r r e pondst thi m otvef viii t M a ke i ir e nt TheElven h
t
'
ha s i or stng he r t s relva .
e t

3Ij n tv rle i teo l fr o r l f v i bcu d rTil IIo t ADA.S e4 U. C. 1 8 ()
nu cie eif s h ny om f ei a al l n e te 1 fhe
e
a
e 2 S. j 21 8a.

-

3-

Cic t a ce ryh l t t t se ' mo ief rvii n aso ed e n t e aeij r n fc.
ruih s lal ed ha a e trs tv o st g t r o s o n g t nu pi-a t
i
Houson,733 F.d a 1
t
3 t 334.Thus Ba be is300 lws t ha no r a i t hi sa ng t
, r r'
a uis ve elton o s t ndi o

brngt si vi lcl m .He e,a e i a1 f t i t compl i a tu Ba be ia l est t
i hi ndi dua ai
r cc ptng 1 ac s n he
ant s r e, r r leg ha
hei dia e a w a de ed f la e lte t nta t M ar tbe us hee ountr d
s s bld nd s ni ul nd qua r a me t he
ke ca e
nc e e
dic i naor ba re s Thi i s fcintt s w pas dic i i ton.
s rmi t y r ir . s s uf e o ho
t s rm nai

2.

Ba b r Su ce t Al ge Thr a o t r Dic i na in a t
r e i m in l l s e t fFu u e s rmi to the
y e
M oton t Dlzlu St ge
i o t zf a
ç

De e nt a guet tBa be idoesnots fcenty al get thewils f rf tle
f nda s r
ha r r
ufi i l le ha
l ufe utr

d srmi to be a ehi p tnil or t nt t eM ake i s e u ai , nda ij n to
ic i nain c us s o e ta t em' o h r t s p c ltve a n n u cin
ba e on Ba be iss a ousdesr t vii t M a ke woul bei ope .I r pons ,
sd
r r' pont ne
ie o st he r t
d mpr r n es e
Ba be isa on hi alega i t thi i e i t vii s ei i t ne sx mont
r r t nds
s l ton ha s nt nton o st om tme n he xt i
hs
s tsi sa ng.
aifes t ndi
Coursi t sDititha l ke a f urf c or whe c i i t lke i
t n hi src ve oo d t o a t s
n onsderng he i lhood of

f t ADA ds rmiain'( )p o i t o t es b e tp o e t t p an ifsr sd n e (
ume
ici n to . 1 r x miy f h u j c r p ry o litf e ie c ,2)
pli ifspatpar geoft defndans'busnes,( dei tve sofplitf plnt
antf' s tona
he e t
i s 3) fnii nes
anifs a o

rt r , n ( )p an ifsfe u n yo ta e n a t es b e tp o e t xv Mo rsJ pie
eu n a d 4 litf rq e c f r v l e r h u j c r p ry.Fo . r i u tr
As oc .No.05s s,
80689,2007W L 281
9522, t*4( D.Fl Se .25,2007) s aloSiv v
a
S. a. pt
; ee s la .

Ba it a t S Fl.I c, 5 F.d 8 4, 3 ( 1hCi. 01 )(ii Hou tn, 3 F.d a
pt He lh . a, n . 8 6 3 2 8 2 1 t r 2 7 ctng so 7 3 3 t
s
1 n. (ûnt ADA c e , sa ngi uiyhasf edont fe
337 6) ûl he
ontxtour tndi nq r
ocus
he rquenc oft
y he
pl i ifsviist t def ndan ' busne sa t dei tve soft pl ntf pln t
antf
st o he e
ts i s nd he tnii nes
he ai ifs a o

rtln.)
etr '.
3
TheEl ve h Cic thaspr de g da i na g tngt e f f c or i Hou t v
e nt r ui
ovi d ui nce n vi a i hes our a t s n
s on .

Ma o Su r r es I c I Hou tn, o Ho t nwm a ADA tse s e i ij n tv r l f
r d pe ma k t, n . n so J e uso s n
etr e kng nu cie ei
e
ag ns a g oce y s or 733 F. a 1
ai t r r t e.
3d t 325- The s or a g d t tH ous on c d not
27.
t e r ue ha
t oul

-

4-

de onsr t t r quied i mi ntt e toff u e dic i naton be aus he lved 30 mie
m ta e he e r m ne hr a
ut r s rmi i
c e i
ls
a y a di notsaewhen hi pro viist plceorpr dec r t pl nsorr as t
wa nd d
tt
s i r st ook a
ovi onc e e a
e ons o
r vii i t f t e. 1 a 1
e st n he um
d. t 326.Houson s it a a tda tsa i t thehadviiedt
t ubm ted n fi vi t tng ha
st he

sor a wo d lkey vii agan- no onl t t ti f ADA c
t e nd ul i l st i
t y o es t or
ompla e,butalo be us i
i nc
s ca e t
wa l a e nea hi l
s oc t d r s awye s ofk e .1 a 1327. The a fda ti ude t r ei sfom t
r ' t s d. t
fi vi ncl d wo ec pt r he
sor o t s pa a eocc s o and e ane t thefeq nt hi l wye ' ofi ei t
t e n wo e r t
a i ns
xpl i d ha
r ue s s a r s fc n he
i e a evi niy.1 Hega no s c fc f t edae o numbe oftm esheplnnedt r bln.
mm dit ci t d.
ve
pe ii u ur t r
r i
n
o e r

Onte efcs t Elv n hCic i f u dta tetra o f tr ij r wa n th poh tc l r
h s a t,he e e t r ut o n h t h h e t f uu e n u y s o y t eia o

c n e t rla dh l ta Ho so h dsa dn t b i h scam.f a 1 3 - 7
o j cu a n ed h t u t n a tn ig o rng i li #. t 3 6 3 .
I co pa i o Ba be idoesnotal ge f c sde onsr i t s m e lkelhood off tte
n m rs n, r r
le a t m tatng he a i i
u tr

ij r .Bab r alg st a h v stdt eM ak t b td e n ts e iywh no h w ma ytme .
nu y r e i l e h t e ii h r e, u o s o p cf e r o
e
e
n i s
Healege t thei i t os pr miyy butdoe nots ciy a dit nce.He al ge t tt
l s ha
s n ç e oxi t '
cl
'
s
pe f
sa
le s ha he

sor i i a ae hetr que l ta gl'butdo no e anwhy.Andheal est the
t e s n n ra ç e nty r vels,'
f
es t xpli
leg ha
i e t r t n wihi sx mont t s ort moniorADA co pla
ntnds o eur t n i
hs o hop o
t
m ince.Unlket r co d i
i he e r n
Hou t whi i ude t acualdit nc be we Houson' r sde e a t sor r ept
son, ch ncl d he t
sa e t en
t s e i nc nd he t e, ec i s
i ca i a l as t prorviis a i or ton a twhy Houson wa fe
ndi tng t e t wo i st, nd nf ma i bou
t
s r quen l nea t
ty r he
sor sBa ber' c us y a lga i nsnee f rhe de opm e be or hi sa ng c n be
t e r is oncl or le to
d u t r vel
nt f e s t ndi a
a quatl a s s e
de e y s e s d.
Att moton t dim issa ac e i a1ofBa ber' a lgai a t u t
he
i o s s t ge, c ptng 1
r is le tons s r e, he
c pli ti s fc e . But gi n t s r f c sa lbl t e ua et f f t si
om a n s ufi i nt
, ve he ca ce a t vaia e o val t he our acor n
c i r ng t lkelhood off ur di c i i t o i i m or appr i t t r ol t s a ng
ons de i he i i
ut e s r m na i n, t s
e
opra e o es ve he t ndi
i s on a f l r cor Se ,e g. H ous on v 7 El e I . N o.8: 1 45- 1 EP,201 W L
s ue
u l e d. e . ,
t . - ev n, nc ,
13- 8 T- 7A
3

61
33834,a *4( . Fl No 21 201 .Thus t sCour DENI Defnda s moto t
t M D. a. v. , 3)
,hi
t
ES e nt' ins o

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5-

d s s fxlc o sa ig b t t o t rj d c t c alng Babeissa dn a sl r
imis o a k f tndn , u wih u p eu ie o h l e r r' tn ig t l
e
mmay
j d me twihteb n fto amo ec mp eerc r .
u g n t h e ei f r o lt e o d
B.

Bar riSuf i e l A le s a D i abii y and A rc t ct alB ar i r
be
fci nty l ge
s lt
hie ur
re s

Til lIoft ADA pr bisdic i i ton ba e on dia lt by publc
te I
he
ohi t s rm na i
sd
s biiy
i

a co
c mmodato ope aedbymi t e tte .42U. C.j 1 82() Tosaeacli unde Til
ins r t
vae niis
S. 21 a. tt am
r te

11 Bab r mu td mo srt t t ( )h i d s be ; 2 teM ak ti aplc o p b i
1, r e i s e n tae ha: 1 e s ia ld ( ) h r e s a e f u lc
a c mmo ain; n ( )hewa d n e f l a de a te t n b c us of sd sb l y S e
c o d to a d 3
s e id ul n qu l rame t e a e hi ia ii . e
t
Ac es Now,I ,1 F.Supp. a 1
c s
nc. 61
2d t 363. Be us t a l ed dic i nai i ba e on an
ca e he leg
s rmi ton s s d
a c t cur lba rerf apr e si buidi he a s mus de onsr t t tr m ova oft
r hie t a ri or e- xitng l ng, lo
t m ta e ha e
l he

i

bareri çea l a hiva e, mea ngle iya ompls bl a a et bec ridout
ri s f diy c e bl ' ni çasl cc iha e nd bl o are
r
'

i

wihoutmuc difc t orexpe e. Se 42U. C.jj1 2( ( ( (v) 1
t
h fiuly
ns ' e
'
S.
218 b)2)A)i , 2181.
Dee nt aguet tt c antl kst s iiiyrquie byRul 8a bec us
fnda s r ha he ompli ac he pecfct e rd
e () a e
i:( )fist algear ogni ddia lt ( fist s ciywhihnon-onf ng
t 1 al o le
ec ze sbiiy;2) al o pe f c
c onni
ac tcur ba esBabe ie
rhie t al ni r r r ncountr d; ( fist a r s ho t ebn re ss dbe
e e and 3) al o dd e s w hos rir houl
fxed. Bar r r pondst thes ûcinty alege ar ogni d di a lt a t tt o he
i
be i es
ha
uf e l l s ec ze s biiy nd ha he t r
de a l D e e nt poi t a e notr quied a t pl adi s a
t is f nda s nt o r
e r t he e ng t ge.

He e a1 tle ofDef ndan s a gum e sf i.Fis,Ba be is fc e l a l sa
r , 1 lr e
e
t' r
nt a l r t r r ufi i nty lege
dia lt A diabiiy i çaphysca orm e a i paime t s t ntaly lm isoneorm or
s biiy.
s lt s ç
i l
nt l m r nt hat ubsa i l i t
e

mao lf a tvte y icu i b t wakiga dsa dn j 1 0 Bab r alg st a h
j r ie ciiis' n ldng oh l n n tn ig. 21 2. r e i l e h t e
'
e
s f r f o pa a eg adue t s ve e ve tbr ,i c i d t awhe c i, t tt
ufe s r m r pl i
o e r d re ae s onfne o
elhar and ha he
whe l i i hi o y m e nsofm obiiy.The e or Ba be icla l alege adia lt
echar s s nl a
lt
r f e, r r e ry l s s biiy.
Sec
ond,Ba be iade t y s c fe t a c t t alba e she e unt r He ls s
r r qua el pe ii s he r hiecur ni r
nco e ed.
it
1 a c t c ur lba rer t ta e i vi a i oft A DA ,i udi ac s i e r es di a e
2 r hie t a r i s ha r n ol ton he
ncl ng: ce s bl out , s bl dpe s pa ki s ce ,pas e r l di z
r on r ng pa s
s nge oa ng ones s g ge,s l - e v m e cha s a s e ,s e ,
, i na
e f s r e r ndi e i l s t ps
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CL
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j

. . . , .. . . . . .... ....-.
. .
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. .

br
okentlsa une n s f es s r i e c mt s a s r i ea e .Coursi t sD ititha
ie nd ve uxac , e v c ot er , nd e v c r as
t n hi src ve
f
ound s h lsi ofal gedba e sa s fc e f pladi pup os s. Se ,e g. Lugo v.141
uc itngs le
ni r s ufi i nt or e ng
e
e . ,

NW 2 t S . l n s L C, 7 F. u p. d 1 91 1 9 ( D. a 2 2 t ar , .; s'f r
0h tHodig , L 8 8 S p 2 2 , 2 3 S. Fl. 01 ) M ra J) As n o
Dia ldAme ia s I c v RenedAn ro Fa l Lt. t, 1 - 7 8 2 5W L
s be
rc n , n . . if l des n mi d Pr No. 2 23 9 , 01
y
1 0536,a * ( D.Fl Apr 21, 5 ( ke J)(ç pli a smpl algato ofa ADA
81
t 7 S. a. . 201 ) Coo , . ç an nd i e le in n
A

vilto i s fiin . Gr nv JA. S, LC, 1 6 5 0 2 4W L 1 0 31 , t* oain s u fce t' @ . R..L No. 4- 0 2 , 01
);
6 0 5 a 12
( D.Fl Apr 21 201 ( e um, )
S. a. . , 4) Rosnba J..
Thid,he c
r t ompl ntdoesno ne t esa ih ho ea h al ge vi a i m us be
ai
t ed o t bls w c le d olton
t
ale e orc ed. Alhoug apl ntf sca ede ndson e nt aly esa ihi ho a
tr d ur
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