Reddish v. Epoca Corp et al

Filing 95

ORDER Denying 83 Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment. Signed by Senior Judge James Lawrence King on 10/25/2019. See attached document for full details. (jw)

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ORD:R bENW NG DEFENDANTS'
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1. Cont ol
r

Thefr tf t rconsde st de e oft a lge e oye ' c r ove t m a
îs ac o
i r he gr e he le d mpl rs ontol r he nneri
n

whih wor i t bepd f r d.Co tui t f c si t lghtm os f vor bl t Re s ast
c
k so
r o me
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vi' ry, he
t onc ude ha nui s ue
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of De e n s co r ove Re s s wor E
f nda t ' ntol r ddih'
k. d r i onl sgnii an whe i s
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n t hows a
n

i i dua e rss h ac r ove amea ngf pa4oft busne st ts sa a as par e
nd vi l xe t uc ontol r
ni ul l he i s ha he tnds s e at

ec no cc /y. Sca l 721F.da 131 (mphassa d)( i Us r v Pigri A#zI.
o mi n// ' ntand,
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n he nsa a e,he i ma dalq a tc s o how or k' DE
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û e rh u e' r fo
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fn a t ul e d d ih o he a iu o i . d ih
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sn igpcue o c mpee p oet t Da i a dVate Brde ( 8 !2 )Da da d
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wo l s mei sr s o d:i o j b. n eiy ut g t a ohe st. Re d s De o a 9 !
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sae i hi afda tt tRe s s iie wor fo ACC (nd t tRe s e n wor df
ttd n s fi vi ha ddih olctd k r m
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ACC a o p it ( iraAf. !4 DE 8 7 , u Re ds ds ue t a h e e s lctdwo k .
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t rgse t ee tt na .. (n ltr raie ta h c udno af r t o rt t b ie s
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Cour fndst tt tr tf c oro t E onomi r alte t s'we g i f vorofe oye saus
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Howe r ge ui i s of ma e i f c r m an as t t à o of co r e r i e by
vç , n ne s ues
t ral a t e i
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ntol xe c s d

Dee d n s s p o t d na o s mma yj d me to teln e e d n c nr co 'apl n .
fn a t, u p ri e il f u r u g n n h t d p n e t o ta t r' r me t
ng
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2. O ppör uniy f Pr i o Los
t t or oft r
s

Thes co f corco i r t a lged e oye sopporuniy f pr k orl sba e on
e nd a i nsde s he le
mpl e'
t t or ot
os s d

hso h rma g ra s l. fnd nsa sr t a ( )Re d s wa c mp nst db tej ba dno
i r e na eil ki Dee a t se th t 1 d ih s o e ae y h o n t
l
tt hourl2)ke s wasfe t ac e j fom ot é
he ,( ddih
r e o c ptobs r her ompa e , nd()Re s wa pemitd
nis a 3 ddih s r te
t de i wo kfom Epoc ( 83a 9 .d.Buti hi de ii Re s saest thewa pai
o clne r r
a DE t ) 1
n s poston, ddih tt ha
s d

1De e nt a a t c r c t s a gum e i t i St t m e of M a e i lFa t ,w he e t y
f nda s ppe r o ontadi t hi r
nt n he r a e nt
t ra c s
r he

saet tRe s i spai adifrnthou l wa de ndi on t wor hepef me '(
tt ha ddih t
wa d fe e
ry ge pe ng he k
ror d. DE
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2 0 e
ss dde .

b teh u a dno t ej b. d ihDe o a 38 ! 1 - ( 8 - a 3 .nf c, o aspa r l
y h o r n t h o Re ds p . t , ! 0 25 DE 2 5 t ) l a tEp c ' y ol
r or de taet tRe s wa padho l onnumeousoc sons( 82- Ex.B)
ec ds monsrt ha ddih s i ury
r
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D r w i al f c ua i e e e i f vor of Re s t Cour c ude t t Reddi h'
a ng 1 a t l nf r nc s n a
ddi h, he
t oncl s ha
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o p ru iyf rp o i o l s wa l tda b s. f n a t a g et tERe ds )c n r le h s
p o tnt o r ft r o s s i e t e tDee d n s r u ha ç d ih o to ld i
mi
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Bu e e i t a we e tue Gan idv d l a l y t e r mo e b b ig mo e tc n c l
t v n f h t r r , t q n iiua' bit o an r y en
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pr inti um-l t t a i vi ua' abiiy t e r orl e pr i vi hi ma ge i ls l,a
ofce s e aed o n ndi d l
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i doe noti cae t the ope aeshi own busne sy Sç l , 721 F. a 1 1 gse al o
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Ruh ro d Fo d Cop.v M c mb, 31U, 7 2 7 0 ( 9 )( o dn t taj b wh s p ois
tef . o r . co 3
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a e bas d on e fciùc i i o e lke pi c wor t n a e e prs t tacualy de nde f
r
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fi e y s s r i e e k ha n nt r ie ha t l pe d or
m

tu c s u nt eiiitv ,u g n o fr sg to t etpia id pe d n c nr co ' .n ta ,
s c e s po h ntaie j d me t r o e ih f h y c l n e n e t o ta t r' I se d
)
Re s so
ddih' pporuniy f pr i o l swa lr el ba e on t a o ofwo k a sg d t hi
t t or oft r os s a g y s d he m unt
r s i ne o m,
w hi h s
c ugge t a e pl r e pl
s s n m oye - m oyee r l to hi '
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3. I sm e i Equi e orM at èal
. nve t nt n
pm nt
ei s

The t r f c orc i r t a lged e oye s deg e ofi sm e i e pm e or
hid à t onsde s he le
mpl e'
r e nve t nt n qui nt
N

ma e i l. pa te d s ewhe he Re s us hi o m a e i swhe pe f m i hi dute .
t ras The ris iput
t r ddih ed s wn t ral
n ror ng s is

Ac or ngt Re s Eg jdi notha t i s i hi ownt s s i ,ore pme .A1
c di o ddih, dhe d
ve o nvet n s
ool, upples qui nt 1
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to gj s p le , n e up n t d Re ds ' j bf rDee d n sweep o d dt Re ds b
o ls, u pis a d q ime t o o d ih s o o fn a t r r vie o d ih y
Dee d n s'DE 9 ! 3 (ne n lctto so te ) Th Dee da t d s ut ti fc a dcam
fn a t.
' 3 5 itr a iai n mitd . e fn ns ip e h s a t n li

ta tRe dsl wo l us e up n h o e o p rhae a d ocainal b ro d
h t $ d ih ud e q izet e wn d r uc sd n c so ly orwe
g
De e nt 'e pm e . a 1m ae i l pur ha e Pli tf wa r i
f nda s qui nt For l t ra s c s d, a n if s é mbur edby Def nda s a
s
e nt , nd

2 M or
eover i Sc l
antand,t El nt C ic t r as
he eve h r ui e oned t t a a l d e pl ye ha m i m al
ha n lege m o e d ni
, n

opporuniy f pr i o l swhe ehec d no ne it t r t o pa 721F. a 1 5.
t t or oft r os
r
oul t gota e he ée f y.
3d t 31 Upon

dr wi a 1f c ua i e e e i f vorofRe s t s m er tonal a f she e.
a ng 1 a t l nf r nc s n a
ddih, he a a i e pple r
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t tc twa uli aql f r r t De e
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t 0. n ho t
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qfm a e ilf c r m a n a t whehe Re s i se i hi own e pm e orma e i l .
tra a t e i s o
t r ddih nve td n s
qui nt
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4. Speci Skil
al l

The f t tf t c i r t a
ourh acor onsde s he mountofs c a s l r r t c
pe i l kil equied o ompl t t al ged
ee hé le
.

e o ' dute a t ks. r ,t sf c orweghsi f vorofi pe
mpl yee s is nd >s He e hi a t
i n a
nde nden c r c orsausbut
t onta t t t

o l sihl. d ih' d te i ld dd mol hngwal,e vngpie , igygu te c s
ny l ty Re ds s uis ncu e e i i l rmo i p s dg i p rn he,
g
s
s
isal gd anfed ,nsal gd anfedppe , la i u j bsts p c igu ta hfo j b
n tll ri l s i tll ri il i s çe nng p o ie , ikn p r s r m o
n
n
st s r fli diti e a to st ,s lng ne y-nsa ld pi wih bl k t r a i t li
ie , e ilng r n xc vai n ies ea i
wl i t le pes t ac a , nd nsa lng

plmbi dai i udi Fr nc d ans DE 93 ! 9.Re s tsi t the di notrc ve
u ng r ns ncl ng e h r i .
ddih e tfed ha
d
e ei

tan n o e u ain t lan ho t p ro m h sj b. d ih De o. t8 , ! 1 - 4 ( 8 a
rii g r d c to o e r w o ef r i o Re ds p a 9 ! 9 2 DE 5 t
1 ) Dee d nsag et a tc o ns n edcae t t na e a epes nwo l no b a l t '
9 . fn a t r u h t s j mmo e s itts ha a v r g ro ud t e b e o
g
pefr g moltona c t ci rltds r c s wihoutis ha ngbe ntane orl r ng
rom de ii nd onsnzton eae eyie j t frt vi e ri d eani
how t do t m wih ca e'ls pe vii ' DE 94 a 2.And be aus Def nda sdi no pr de
ö he
t r f u r son.
u
'
t
c e e nt d t ovi
Re s wih t e nec s r s ls De e nt bei ve t t Re d wa a i pe nt
ddih t hos
es a y kil, f nda s le ha
ddih s n nde nde

c nta1t r DE 83a 1 Ho ver t r c dw o dbe ftfom addli le de a t t s l
o rco .
t 0. we ,he e or ul ne i r
tona vi nce s o he kil
.
1

.

r uie t co e eReddih' dute Fa t lis sr m an on t spoi eq r d o mplt
s s is. cua s ue e i
hi nt
5. Perm anence and D uraton
i

The ffh f c or co i r t pe m a nc a dur ton of t al ge e oym e
it a t
nsde s he r ne e nd
ai
he le d mpl
nt

rltons p. r ,Re s wo ke f Dee
eai hi He e ddih r d or fndant fom J 2015t oughFe ua y201 ' 1
s r une
hr
br r
7.
bE
Ex.A, 13. Dee nt ha f nihe t Cour wihEloc spa ol rcor ,i udi
DE - The fnda s ve ur s d he
t t
a' yr l e ds ncl ng
ie ied pa e sm a t Re s durng t pe i ofhi al ge empl ym e .Se DE 8 1
tm z
ym nt de o ddih i he rod
s le d
o nt e
2Ex.B .The D e e nt poi t s ve a w e ks a m ont w he e Reddi h di nota a on t
f nda s nt o e r l e nd
hs
r
s d
ppe r
he
1
.

Epoc pa ol ( 83at8,s si t tReddihwasan i pe htc r co be aus he
a yr l DE
) uggetng ha
s
nde nde ,onta tr c e
7

wasno consse l e oye byDe e nt . we r Re s t tsedt ta onepoi ,Epoca
t
it nty mpl d
f nda s Ho ve , ddih esi ha t
nt

wa Cl e (r f u we ksb hnd(nis i gc e ks a dt e h dt c thu 'b is n ac e k
sdl e o q o r d e i o su n h c ) n h y a o ac p' y suig h c
tr
fralr e n u to p y n t a t yn l al wo l . d ihDe . t1 5 ! 4 7 ( 8
o a g r mo n f a me t h n he om l u d Re d s po a 8 , ! - DE 2y
.'

(

5.t3 ) An at u h Dee a t cam t y awa p i Re d s b c c ( 8 a 1 )
a 7 . d l g fnd n s li he l ys ad d ih y he k DE 3 t 7 ,
ho
Re ds sae i hs afd v tta ( ee d n spad gi pa t ly i c s ' o C tla to e
d ih tts n i fia i h t r fn a t i hmq ri l n a h' n s e s n
a
a
oc a i 'Re s Af.! 1 DE 93- .The pa te as diput whet rRe s d e i me
c son, ddih f 1
'
1
ris lo s e
he ddih r w nco
fo ohe e oyeswhiewor ngfrEpoc Conpar ( 8 a 5 wih ( ddihAf. 7)
r m t r mpl r l ki o
a. t e DE 3 t ) t Re s f! .
A c or ng t Def nda s R e s s s a e e t t he w a pa d i c h on ' t l s one
c di o
e nt , ddi h' t t m nt ha
s i n as
t ea t
a

o a i 's d bedir r d bec us t tbtt m e c r dit hi prordç ii t tm o
cc son' houl
sega de
a e ha sa e nt onta cs s i poston esi ny
t the wa awa pad by c c 3 Ho ve , bec us t Co tdi a e t t Re s has
ha
s l ys i
he k. we r
a e he ur s gr es ha
ddih

c6 rditdhi S e ousygi nce tsi
nta ce s t vi l ve lar e tmony,'d (mpha i a d) t Cour mayc i r
pr
'i e
ss dde ,he
t
onsde
R e s s s a e e t the w a pa d i c s whe de i ng whe he t r i a ge ne i s of
ddih' t t m nt ha
s i n ah
n c di
t r he e s
nui s ue

maeilf c a t t p r n n y a d rto o t erlto s p Bl a s t p risd s u e
tra a t s o he ema e c nd u ain f h eai n hi. c u e he a t ip t
e
whehe , m o ot rt ngs Re s wase rpa di c h a Whe he Re s wor d f ot r
t r a ng he hi , ddih
ve i n as nd
t r ddih
ke or he
e pl r durng t pe i o hi al ge empl e ,g nui is ofma e i lf tr m a n
m oye s i he rod f s le d
oym nt e ne s ues
t ra ac e i

p e ldn s mma yj d me t
rcu ig u r u g n .
6. Int
egralPartofA leged Em pl
l
oyer' Busi
s
ness

Th sxha dfn 1atrc nsd r tee tn t whc tealg de lye ' srie ae
e it n ta fco o iesh xe to ih h le e mpo es evc s r
'
i e a t t alege e o rjbusne s Gg j t busnes'c i to de ndsi e al
ntgrlo he l d mplye ' i s .tW hen he i ss ontnuain pe ntgrly
i

u o tep roma c o c ran wo k tewo k rwh pef rn tatwo ki mo el l t b
p n h e fr n e f e ti r , h r e o ro ls h
r s r i yo e
ke
c i e ed a e pl e and no a i pe ntc r c or' Zquaiv Ev
ons d r n m oye
t n nde nde ont a t .
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4-

CI MORE 2 5WL 4 6 29 , t* ( D. a Au .1 , 01 )(mj ai a d d .
VNO, 01
7 8 3 a 4 S. Fl. g 1 2 5 e h ss d e )
3Se Van./:Ju nsandAs .I .v US.I tis I . 736F. 656,657( 1h Ci.1 4)
e
nki
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ndusre , nc,
2d
1 t r 98 .
8

Thi f c o we g i f vo o e oyeesa'si t i t ntca e. r i no e de i
s a t r i hs n a r f mpl
t t n he nsa
u
s The e s
vi nce n

t e r c r s g e tn t a Dee r t c ul c mplt a c n tu to p o e t wih u pi
h e o d u g si g h t fnd s o d o ee o sr cin rj c t o t pe
1

.

i t lto de ii n,he vy m a hi r ope a i dr i fe d i t la i orpl
psala i n, molto
a
c ne y r ton, an i l nsa lton,
umbi dr n
ng ai
i t lai n.Alhoug t s t s a e not s c fc t Re s s s ls t t t doe not ne t
nsalto
t h he e a ks r
pe ii o ddih' kile , ha
s
ga e
e oye sat .Thet s i whe he t s r c sr nde e a ei e al notwhe he t e pl
mpl e t us
e t s t r he e vi e e r d r nt gr ,
t r he m oyee
hi s l i i e a t t busne s4I a e nt t sf c orc dbe ftf o am or t r ug y
m ef s nt gr l o he i s . n ny ve , hi a t oul ne i r m
e ho o hl
de ope r co d.
vel d e r
7. W ei ng t Fact
ghi he
ors

Co tui t s f c si t lghtm os f vor bl t Re s ast no ovi pa t t
nsr ng he e a t n he i
t s a e o ddih he nm ng ry, he

Co r fnd t a n meo s g n n is e o maeilfc p e ld s
u t i s h t u r u e uie su s f tra a t rcu e ummayj d me to t s
r u g n n hi
ar ent
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ri
ai

Dqe da t as mo ef rs mmayj d me to Re d s so ri cam,ag i t a
fn ns lo v o u r u g n n d ih' ve t li r ung h t
me

s mmayj d me ti war ne e n i Re d s i a e o e b c u e h c n o me tt e
u r u g n s ra td ve f d ih s n mply e e a s e a n t e h
.

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ee e sofhi ove tme cai .
lm nt
s ri l m Upon c i r ton,a bei ot r s f ly ad s d,t Coul
onsde ai nd ng he wie u l vie he
'
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c n l d st a Dee d ns moinf rs
o cu e h t fn a ' ' to o umma yj d me to Re ds so ri cam s udb
t
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me
de e
ni d.

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i bor a r
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tm om ns ton t he
,

b

r t o ( i e a a hal t e pl e f r a 1ho s w o ked beyo f t hour i a g ve wee
a e f G m nd
t
f' o m oye s o 1 ur
r
nd or y
sn i n
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2 U. C. 20 a( )Ane o e t st b r e o prvigta h pef r dwo kf rwh c
9 S. j 7() 1. mply e ç he u d n f o n h t e rome r o ih
ha

4Fo e m pl , &g o t ha r i l notdt theprs nù ofe tcda r gs ese i ,
r xn e :cqurs ve outney e ha t
e e e xoi nces ij 's ntalor
obvi l ve y i pora ,t t s c s ofa t pl s ni c ub. M c l y v. k St Ent '
ous y r m t nt o he uc e s
o es ght l ' Fee e Jac son . m t
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LLC, F.Supp.3 260,273( M d. 4)(ntr lquoai o ted .Cgursha hed
47
d
D. 201 i e na ttons mit )
t ve l
e tc da e st be e pl es d pie t i s r c bei e iy pe f r ed by o he i vi l
xo i nc r o
m oye es t he r e vi es ng as l r o m
t r ndi dua s
w ih s m ia s ls t1 The s r c is l i wha ' i e r lt t bus ne s So t he e.
t i l r kil e s.
e vi e t e f s
t s nt g a o he i s . oo r
9

he w as no pr pe l c pe a e ' Ande so v M t Clpe Potek Co. 328 U. 68 687
t o ry om ns t d.
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r n . . e ns tr
,
S. 0,

( 9 6 .E h n te e l y rh ske tp o ra a c rt r c r s t e l y e ma e sl
1 4 ) t e h mp o e a . p r pe nd c u ae e o d he mp o e y a iy
W
dic r hi bur n by s c i t pr ton o t e r cor . I Howe r E r t
s ha ge s de
e urng he oduc i f hos e ds' d
'
ve , t e he
whe
e pl r s f or a e i c ur t o i deq t a t e pl ye ca
m oye ' ec ds r na c a e r na ua e nd he m o e nnot of e c
f r onvi i
nc ng

s 'iut ...a e o ha c re outhi bur n i hepr ve t theha i f tpe f r e
ubs t es
t
n mplyee s arid
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o s ha
s n ac ro m d
'

wok f whi hewasi o ry c
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mprpel ompe ae a i hepr ess fcinte de et s
ns td nd f
o/uc ufi e vi nc o how

tea u ta d e tn o t two k a amatro j ta dma o a eifr n e'An e s n 3
h mo n n x e t f ha r s
te f us n s n bl n e e c . d r o , 28
'
U. a 6 7 l t ee lye jtsisti bu d n Stheb r nt ns it t t ee p e t c me
S.t 8 .f h mp o e aife h s r e ,l j u de hé h fs o h mply r o o
g
f wa d wih e de e oft pr ciea ountofw o k pe f med orwih e de t neg tvet
or r t vi nc
he e s m
r ror
t vi nce o a i he

r as bl s oft i e e et bedr wn fom t e pl ' e de .' d.a 68
e ona ene s he nf r nc p
a r he m oyees vi hcè'1 t 7-88.
H e e,Re s a t s s t the w o ke a a r ge offfy hour pe w e k butt the ne r
r
ddi h te t ha
r d n ve a
i'
t
s r e
ha
ve

rc ie o e t c mp nsto f rt s a djo a ho r ( 9 ! 9 . p o ie teCo r
e ev d v ri o e ain o ho e d i n l u s DE 3 ) He r vd d h u t
me
i
wih a pho ogr ph ofa tm e hee De e nt r quie hi t c
t
t a
i s t f nda s e r d m o ompl t durng hi empl ym e ,
ee i
s
o nt

ao wih a tmehe tf a he wor r na d tchal Br ' ( 82- p.42) The
lng t i s e or not r ke me s res own.' DE 9,
.
T

tm e he t sgned by Reddih,r l c st tRe s wor d ffy hour durng o w e k i J y
i s e, i
s efe t ha ddih
ke i'
t
s i ne e n ul
d

<

.

201 f .The Cour ha notbee pr de w ih any ot rtm e he t .Addii ly,t Cotr ha
5. #
t s
n ovi d t
he i s e s
tona l he i t s
c i r d Epoca s pa ol r co ds w hi h i c t s ve alw e ks w he e R e s wor d m o e
ons de e
' yr l e r ' c ndi a e e r
e
r
ddi h
ke
r

t nf ' hour ( 8 Ex.B) ButRe s spa t fucuaei t a
ha oly s DE 2-1
t
.
ddih' ysubs l t t n he mountofpa ntand
yme
do notcea l i c e whehe heFaspai o ri f t e we ks c e i ge ne is sof
l ry ndiat
t r
d ve tme or hos e , r atng nui s ue

maei fc t tprcl s
tral a t ha e ude ummayj
r udgme onhi ove tmecam.
nt s ri li
( l alat on ( ai
2. tet i i zl nl
'

Defnda salo move f s
e nt s
or ummay j
r udgme on Re s s rtlai cai Se ton
nt
ddih' eaiton l m. ci
21 a( oft FarLa StndadsAc pr bis e o r fom tki rt it y a tons
5()3) he i bor a r
t ohi t mplyes r a ng ealaor ci
aga ns e pl yee w ho e ge i pr e t a tviy.To pr r t i ton,a pl i if m us .how
i t m o s
nga n ot c ed c i t
ove e ala i
a ntf
ts
10

t a: 1 hee g g di a tvt p o e tdu d rtea t ( ) s bsq nl s fe e a v rea to
h t () n a e n ciiy r tce n e h c; 2 he u e ue t u fr d d es cin
y
b tee ly r a d ( )a c u q c r cin e itdbewe nt ee ly esp oe tda tvt
y h mpo e ; n 3 a s l ome to x se t e h mpo e ' r t ce cii
y
a dt ea v ree lyme ta to Wofv Co a coa Co,2 0F.d 1 7 1 4 - 3 ( 1h Ci.
n h d es mp o n cin. l . c - l . 0 3 33 , 3 2 4 1 t r
2000 .
)
I t i t n c e,Re s t si d a one poi i hi de ii t tM ât w Br dl
n he nsa t as
ddih e tfe t
nt n s poston ha
the
a ey

di notrduce( shour be a eofhi de ndf ove tme.ReddihDe a 222-23, 1 -25
d e hi
s c uj . s ma or ri
s po. t
!! 7
( 8 5a 62) Bu a a spaaepoi i t smede ii Reddih t tfedt tM at w
DE 2- t . t t e rt nt n he a
poston,
s esi ha the
Br dl ydi i f c ,r duc hi hour a e hi e oy e f c pl ni abo l ove tm e I
a e d,n a t e e s
s nd nd s mpl m nt or om ai ng tt ri . d.

a 91! 1 2 ( 8 5 a 21 .De pt t s s e n l c nr d co y sa e n s ar a o a l
t ! -1 DE 2- t ) s ie he e e mig y o ta it r ttme t, e s n b e
q

5

i e e et dr w fo t r or i t tReddih ma ha compl i a
nf r nc o a r m he ec d s ha
s
y ve
aned bouto ri on a l s
ye tme
t ea t
t s pa a eoc sons i l ng onc t r t be nni ofhi e o nta onc t r
wo e r t ca i , ncudi
e owa d he gi ng
s mpl yme nd e owa d

tee , us ara o a l j r c ul c n ld t a Re ih ma et c mplit t M ate
h nd Th , e s n be u y o d o cu e h t dds d Wo o an s o th w
Brdlya uto ri ,a t tRe s sfrtsae nti hi de ii ( r hecame hi
a e bo ve t nd ha ddih' is ttme n s poston whee li d s
me

h u sween trd c d rfre t h sfrtc mplita o to ri wh l hss c ndsae n
o r r o e u e ) eer d o i is o an b u ve t
me ie i e o ttme t
( r hecli dhi hotr weer uc dJn#hewa tr naed)r er t hi s c c ant
whee ame s ls r ed e
s emi t efred o s e ond ompli
a
bouto r i e sA c or ngl , ge ne i s s ofm a e i f ctr m a n.
ve tm . c di y nui s ue
t ral a e i
D . Indi dualLi lt ofScot '
vi
abiiy
tBradl y
e

bee d n sas mo et etb ih a amatro 1w ta sc t érd e i n tidviu l
fn a t lo v o sa ls s te f a h t ot a ly s o n i d al
y
la e wih Epoc f r a FLSA vi a i .Upon a t oug r viw oft r or t Co t
i bl t
a o ny
oltons
hor h e e
he ec d, he ur

c n ld s t tg n n is s o maeilfc rman p e ldng s
o cu e ha e uie sue f tra a t e i rcu i ummay j d me t o ti
r u g n n hs
a gum e .Unde t FLSA :
r
nt
r he'

5 For t s r as De enda s r i e upon Van T Ju ns i miplc 736 F. a 657.
hi e on, f ùt ' elanc
nki s s a ed.
2d t

Reddih' s e nt afda t ( 93-) doe not c r dit a t e o l gi n ce
s s ubs que fi vi DE 1
s
onta c ny t viusy ve lar
pf
t s i on ' I l t a t a fda t m ay he p e a n t c u i n t t a os f o Reddih'
e tm y. d ns e d, he f i vi
'
l xpl i he onf s o ha r e r m
s s
s m i yco r di t y s ae e si hi de ii n.
ee ngl nta cor t t m nt p s posto

Se to 203br dl de i sa e oye a C nype s aci diec l ori r c l
ci n
oa y fne n mpl r s t
a
r on tng r ty ndie ty
i t i e e tofa e pl ye i r lton t a e oye 'W he he a i vi
n he nt r s
n m o r n ea i o n mpl e.
'
t r n ndi dual
f lswihi t s de i ton çdoe no de ùd on t c c lorts a e f c or but
al t n hi fnii s s t pe
e hni a
iolt d a t s
r t r on t cr um sa e of t whol a tviy.' The Elve h Cic t has
ahe
he ic t nc s
he
e c i t ''
e nt r ui

rc ni dt ttgj over r ngweghtofa ho iyi t tacopo aeofi r
e og ze ha tthe whelpi
i
ut rt s ha r r t fce
wih ope a i c r ofaco po ai sco r d e e prs i a e oye al
j
r tonal ontol
r r ton' ve e nt r ie s n mpl r ong

wi ie c r o ain j ity a d s veal l bl u d r t e FLS f r u p i
t h o p rto , on l n e rly i e n e h
h
a
A o n ad
wa s'I or t q iy asa enpl rf t spu os t ofi r( tet r
ge . n der o ualf
'
n l oye or hi p e, he fce C
mus ihe
be i ved i t da t da o r ton o ha s
nvol n he y-o- y pe a i r ve ome diec r s
r t e ponsbiiy f t
i lt or he
s vii oft e o '
uper son he mpl yee.
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a
e
t
oft r ai hi bewe n t pates c i fng ' t rt alged e oyer( )ha t
he eltons p t e he ri , onsde i t he he le
whe
mpl
1 d he
powe t hiea fr t e oye s ( s r sd a c tole e oye wor she e or
r o r nd ie he mpl e , 2) upevie nd onr ld mpl e k c duls

c n iin o e ly n ,()d tr n dt ert a meh d o p y n ,a d ( )man ane
o dto s f mp o me t 3 ee mie h ae nd t o f a me t n 4 iti d
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e oyme rc ds'Vilr ealv Woodham,11 F.d20 205( t Ci.1 .
mpl nt e or .' la r .
3 3 2,
11h r 997)
I t i t ntc e,i i unc e rw he he Sco tBr dl y w a a tc or t of i r' Epoca
n he ns a as t s l a
t r t a e
s t op a e fce ' of
N

f FLSA pur e .Sc tBr dly i lsedasaç or aeofi rdie t 'i t çDe ai by Entt
or
pos s ot a e s it
t por t fce / r c or'n he ç t l
c
iy

Na ' o Ep c ' l t o Su bzo g s eDE 9 ! 4 b ttepate dipuet es o eo hs
me' f o as i i n n i.r , e
s ng
3 , u h ris s t h c p f i
i ve e i Epoca sda l ac i t e . ddi h s a e t tSc t adl y di e t d R e s sw or
nvol m nt n
' iy tvii s Re s t t s ha ot Br e f c e
ddi h'
k,
ha t a ho iy t hi eand fr em pl s m a ge t da t da ope a i ofEpoc di e t d
d he ut rt o r
ie
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t poWe t hieai fr e oye s. eDE 83a 20. c di t t De e nt,Sco t a e
he
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t Ac or ng o he f nda s t Br dl y

wo l smpypu c a emaeil n c sa yf rEp asc n tp to p oe t .J Be a s g n n
ud i l r h s tras e e s r o oc ' o sr ci n rj cs f . c u e e uie

is sofma e i lf c r m an a t Sco'Br dl slve ofi ve e i t da l aci te of
s ue
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t
Epoc Defnda s M o i n s dbede e
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Acc di y, ti ORDERED,ADJIDGED,AND DECREED t tDe enda s
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ha f ùt '

M oi f Summa yJ
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ED.
DONE AND ORDERED i Cha r a t J m e Lawr eKi Fe r J tce
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Buidi a U. Courho e, i mi Fl rdat s25 h da ofOc obe , 9.
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