3630 Investment Corporation et al v. Miami-Dade County

Filing 48

ORDER DENYING 38 MOTION TO DISMISS. Defendant's Answer due: August 3, 2018 Signed by Judge Federico A. Moreno on 6/29/2018. (lfs)

UNI
TED STATES DI
STRI COURT FOR THE
CT
SOUTHERN DI
STRI OF FLORI
CT
DA
M im iDi so
a
vii n
Cas Num ber 1 22925- V- O RENO
e
: 7Cl M
3630 I
NVESTM ENT CORP. e al,
,t .
Pl ntf s
ai i f ,
VS-

M I M ID A DE COUN TY ,
A D e e nt
f nda .

ORDER DENYI M OTI TO DI I
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m unt o n
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notown t pr ry untlafe t dr na s t m had be c
he ope t
i tr he ai ge yse
en ompl t and i ope aton,i a
eed
n ri d t
920- .Thec tf
21
our ound i sg tca t tt pl ntf
t i nii nt ha he ai if

Ase ld te Lis)ta teg ty asatrt eDe rme tbe a
s mbe h frt r c i h e r fe h pat n g n
t c tuci whi g antf s ysefe td atki a s
he onsr ton ch pli iq a fce a ng, nd ome
fvey a sa trt tc nsr cin wa c mpltd.g an it ma e
i e r fe ha o tu to s o ee plitfl d
no i si ton ofdri pater bef e buyi t (e ondl
nve tgai
anage t ns or
ng he s c
ta to b f r a c p ig t l t te (hr lta ti stsa to o a
rc r eo e c e tn i e o h t id rc n aifcin f
t
j d me t
u g n.
I a 9l Th ,ip an it,t e s b e u n p rh s ra d g a te ha n cam i
d. t 9. us i litf h u s q e t u c a e n r ne , s o li n
g
l
iv rec n e to wih u a sg me t o hsp e e e s r 'cams'1 .a 9 . oi gte
n es o d mnain t o t s in n s f i rd c so s li . d t 20 Qu tn h
'
M ime ot Supr m e Cour, t Bu nete cour a tc a e t r to l f r t s lmia i as
l s a
e
t he r t
t ri ult d he a i na e o hi i t ton
f l s
olow :
l t r e wer ot r s t o i na o ne of da age pr r y
f he ul
e he wi e, he r gi l w r
m d ope t
woul s f r a l s a t pur ha e of t t pr ry woul
d ufe
os nd he
c sr
ha ope t
d
r ceve a wi df l.Pr um a y,t pur has r wilpa t s ler
e i
n al es bl he c e l y he el
onl f t r a pr t i er s t t t s le pos e s a t
y or he e l opery nt e t ha he e lr s s es t he
tm eoft s ea c n ta f r
i
he al nd a r ns e .
The Count s a gum en unde Bur t i w e lt ke but a t s s a vi w i t
y' r
t
r
nete s l-a n,
t hi t ge, e ng he

a lga i i t Se
le tons n he cond Am e d Compl i t i t lg mos f vo abl t Pli tf s t
nde
a n n he i ht
t a r e o a n if , he
e r
nviomne a t ki m a not ha sa lze untl s e tme be wee 201 a 201
nt l a ng
y
ve t bii d
i om i
t n
2 nd
4.
No wihsa ng t t t Co t quesi whe he Pl ntfs we e e iey oblvi t t s
t t tndi ha , he ur
tons
t r ai if
r ntr l
i ous o hi

e r
nvionme al phe e
nt
nom non. l f c , by t i own a ison, Pl i if a ee t t t i
n at
her
dm s i
antf s gr ha her
pr dec s ori ttedr dg t c nne i 1 be a e oft s di e ar de i.Se D. 37
e e s -n-il e ed he ha l n 989 c us
he e m nt y post e E.

! 7 Ho v r teCo r willa et tf ra ohe d y. o n w,h Co r i we r t ma ea
. we e, h u t l e v ha o n t r a F r o te u t s ay o k
f c ua deenni to a t ssa Thus Pli if have sa ng bec us t t ki a al ge
a t l t nai n t hi t ge.
, antfs
t ndi
a e he a ng, s le d,
ma have oc r e be we n 201 a 201 whe tte t t ba i bel d t Pl i if3630,
y
cu r d t e
2 nd
4
n il o he sn onge o antf
a t s di e bega t i e f r wih ve s m oorng i t m a i The Cour wilr - stt
nd he e m nt
n o ntr e e t s el
i n he rna.
t l e vii he

da eoft cli ' ac r lwih t be ftofaf lr c d.
t
he am s c ua t he ne i
ul e or

Fl daSt ut 403.61(
ori at e 1 CountI
V)
2.
Ne ,t Count a gues t t Pli if l c sa ng t a s r a cli unde Fl i
xt he
y r
ha a ntfs a k t ndi o s e t
am
r orda
St t e 403.61 be us i doe notc ai a prva e rghtofa i butr t rvess onl t
aut
1
ca e t s
ont n
i t i
cton,
a he
t
y he
sae wih a cvi c e of a ton.Se i 403. 41 ma cea t ta vi a o k s la e t t
tt t
i l aus
ci
cton
1
kes l r ha
ol t r s ibl o he
i

saef a da gec us da frcvi pe te a pr dedi j403.41. Se ton403.41 1
tt or ny ma a e nd o i l nalis s ovi n
1 ' ci
'
1 ()
saest tlr hoe rcommisa vi ai s ii i s 403.61()i la e t t sae ...
tt ha iwl ve
t olton pecfed n . 1 1 s ibl o he tt
Not ng he e n s l g ve t de rme t rghtt brng a ac i on be fof a prvae
hi
r i hal i he pa t nt he i o i n ton
hal
ny i t

pes ' Furhe ,(i s mscea fom a pl n a or nay c tuci ofs ci 403.41 1
ron. t r dt ee l r r
'
ai nd di r onsr ton e ton
1 ()
t tt s pa tc a pr son mer y c e es t c vi ca e ofaci n i f vorof t sa e a
ha hi riul r ovii
el r at he i l us
to n a
he tt nd

s jcs a s ton 403.61 1 vi aort labiiy i fvoroft sae f da s pe lis
ube t eci
l ( ) olt o i lt n a
he tt or mage , nate ,
c t a e ns . St e v Ge De .Cop ,448 So.2d 1
oss nd xpe es' at . n. v l
'
074,1 ( a.2d DCA 1 4)
081 Fl
98 .
Cou l howe ,s e r i unde s to 376. 2 a 403. 61 Se ton 376. 3 pr d a
nt V,
ver e ks elef
r eci ns
30 nd
1 . ci
31 ovi es
c vi c us of a ton t a pe s f vi a i ns of s c i ns 376. 376. 7 Ef r al da ag
i l a e
c i o ny r on or ol t o
e to
30- 31 so l m es

rs tngfom adic r o ohe c tonofpolutonc e byre tons 376. 376. 7.
euli r
shage r t r ondii
l i overd s ci l 30- 31 '
'
Thus be a e Pl i if ale avi a i ofs c i 376. 2,Pl n if m a pr ry s k r if
, c us antfs l ge olton
e ton
30
aitf s y ope l ee ele
unde s c i 376. 3.
r e ton
31 Howe r a r le s
ve , ny e if oughtpurua t c pt r403 i f ecos d, a e
s nt o ha e
s or l e bec us

i doe no c e t a prvae rght of aci n, a i t d ve t t t a hort wih t sae.
t s t rae
i t i
to nd nsea
s s ha ut iy t he t t
Ac r ng y,t M oton i de ed ont tba i .
co di l he
i s ni
ha s s
B.

St t e ofLi iaton
a ut s
m t i

1.

I r eConde i (
nve s
mnaton Count landl )
s
I

The Count cl mst tt f der land sae i r e c
y ai ha he e a
t t nve s onde to c am s a e ba r d by
mna i n l i r re

t saut oflmia i The Count r lesonJo R.Sand t Gave Co v Unie St e f t
he tt es i tton.
y ei
hn
t
l . . t d ats or he
pr poston t t a i r e c
o ii ha n nve s onde na i cai unde f de al 1w has a sx- r saut of
m ton l m
r e r a
i yea t t e

lmiai 457 F. 1 ( d.Ci.2006) TheFedealCic ti Gave Co.a id t Tuc r
i tton.
3d 345 Fe r
.
r rui n
l
pple he ke

Ac, U. C.j l 91a () whc p o d steCo l o Fe e a Cli wi j rs ito o e
t 28 S.
4 ( )1, ih r vie h u' f d rl ams t u idcin v r
t
h
tkn scamsb o h a i s t Uni dSt ts ( h ssa d d . o ecamsaes b e tt
a ig li r ug t ga n t he t ae .Emp a i d e ) Th s li r u j c o
e
asx- a saut oflmiai Se 28U. C.j2501(û y cam o whih t Unied Stt
i ye r tt e i tton. e
S.
i
Ever li f c he t aes

Co r o F d rlCli h s u idcins al eb re u ls tepei o t ee ni tldwi i
u t f e ea ams a j rs ito h l b ard ne s h tt n h r o s qe t n
i
h
sx ye r afe s cli frta cue .'.Thus t sx- a saue oflmiai de ci i
i as tr uch am is c r s'
)
, he i ye r ttt
i tton s rbed n
Gave Co.i i pplc bl her bec us t Unie Stt i nota pa t t t ss t The pa tes
l
s na ia e e a e he t d a es s
ry o hi ui.
ri
havenotpr de a t Cour hasno f
ovi d, nd he
t
t ound,any a ho iy t s por asa u e oflm iaton i
ut rt o up t t t t
i ti n
a tki cli ba e on et r t Fit or Foure nt Am e
a ngs am s d
ihe he fh
te h
ndmen slt t Unie St t s
t o he
td ae
Co tt i Eve as um i ar ndo t a tki ca m had a sx- a sa u e o lm ia i
nsiuton. n s ng gue
hat a ngs li
i ye r t t t f i t ton,
Pl ntfs cam s woul notbe ba r d be a e,viwed i t lghtmos f vor bl t t ,t e
ai if li
d
re c us e
n he i
t a a e o hem h
tki asal ge may ha oc r e s
a ng, le d,
ve cu r d ometm ebewee 201 and 201 a t ss twa fl d
i
t n 2
4, nd hi ui s ie
i 201 wihi t s x- a tm e lm i .
n
7, t n he i ye r i i t

' n Pe n Ce ta T a s Co v Ne Y r , 38U. 1 4, 2 ( 9 )t Unt d S ae S p e Co r sae i
l n nr l r n p. . . w o k 4
S. 0 1 2 1 78 ,he i tt s u r me u t ttd n
e

pa sngt tt Fit Ame
s i ha he fh
ndme Taki Clus i û c s ... pplca et t Stt t ough t Foure t
nt ngs a e s ç our e a i bl o he aes hr
of
he
tenh
Am e e .'
ndm nt'
9

l c nr s,a i v re c n mn to cam u d rFlrda lw i s be tt af u -e r
n o ta t n n e s o de ain li n e o i a s u j c o o ry a

l . 5 6 6 6 C1 01
47 0 , t 3
s a ut of lm ia i W i v.Ci.y o a d r l,No 1 - 0 8 - V,2 6 W L 37 6 5 a *
tt e
i t ton. se
t fL u e hi
( D. l . uy 1 ,2 6 , e as Ne T same t pt tChu c I c o a v Sa e De '
S. F a J l 3 01 ) s e lo w e t n Ba i
.
s r h n . fMimi . tt, p t
.
o r np.9 3 S 2 1 2,l 3 ( l. t DCA 2 08 (iig j 9 . 13 ( , a Sa.. anif
fT a s , 9 o. d 1 1 F a 4 h
0 ) ct
n 5 1 ( )p) Fl. tt) Plitfs
al t t i 201 t r duci i t ba i s de h bega t i e f e wih is us but
lege ha n
2, he e ton n he sn' pt
n o nt rer t t e,
Pli if di notde e mi t s ur e and owne s p oft s di ntuntl201 St biiaton
antfs d
t r ne he o c
r hi
he e me
i
4. a lz i
oc ur ,a t at ki c am a cr s once She gove nm e ha e f c e a pe ne tki
c s nd hus a ngs l i c ue ,
é
t
r nt s f e t d
nna nt a ng,
notwhen t pr es hasc as d orwhe t e ieext toft da
he oc s
e e
n he ntr en
he magei de e ne 'Bolng,
s t nni d.
' i

2 F. a 137 Asdes rbe s pr t poi a whih ape m a ntt ki m a ha occ r d,
20 3d t 2.
c i d u a, he nt t c
r ne a ng y ve ur e
was s tm e bewe n 201 a 201 l f l ,t n,t Pli if 'i r e c
ome i
t e
2 nd
4. t olows he hat a ntf s nve s onde nai n
m to
c am unde t Fl i Consiuton s d no be dimis d,bec us t s s twa br ug i
li
r he orda
tt i houl t
s se
a e hi ui s o ht n
201 wihi t f - r tme perod i t cai ac r d i t lte haf oft t yea
7, t n he ouryea i
i f he l m c ue n he at r l
he wo- r

( 2- 4)wi
201 201 ndow.Acc di y,bec us t Cour i we r t ma afcua deemi ton,
or ngl
a e he
t s a y o ke a t l tr nai
a t s sa ,whe t t ki c am ac r d,t Count s moton i de e ast t i r e
t hi t ge
n he a ngs l i
c ue he
y'
i s ni d
o he nve s

c mnai cai undert Fl i Consiuton (
onde ton l m
he orda
tt i Count1 a t cli un rt Unie
) nd he am de he td

S ae Co t ui n( u t1)
tts nsi to Co n 1.
t
C.

Faiure t St e a C l m
l
o at
ai

1.

l r eConde ton (
nve s
mnai Count 1and1)
s
l

The Count a guest tCount 1a 1 s d bedimis d be a ePl i if havef ie
y r
ha
s nd 1 houl
s s e c us antfs
a ld
t sae a pr ri re c
o tt
ope nve s onde nai cli unde t Unie St t s a Fl i Consiutons
m ton a m
r he t d a e nd orda
tt i .

To sat a fdealcli f i r e c mnai a pl ntf mus al û() a rlva
t e e r am or nve s onde ton, ai if t lege: k1 ee nt
prpet i ees a ( agovenme a tont tr ule i atki 'Han env.Unie St e ,
o ry ntr t nd 2)
r nt ci ha es td n a ng.
' s
td ats
65 Fe Cl 76,95 ( ) Addii l acli algi aphysca tki r rsaphysca
d. .
2005 . tonaly, am le ng
i l a ng equie
il

10

occ to ofpr ry.Applgat v Unie St e ,35 Fe C1 406,41 ( 996 .To sae a
upain
ope t
e e . td ats
d. .
4 1 )
tt
Fl i cli fr i re conde i by physc l oc pai a pli if mus alege ( )
orda am o nves
mnaton
ia cu ton, antf
t l 1

p o e t; 2 t a h sb e tk n ( )frap bl p r s ;()wih u f l c mpe sto Ar.
r p ry ( ) h t a e n a e ; 3 o u i upo e 4 to t ul o n ain. tX,
c
j6() Fl Cons.
a, a. t
The Count s
y ugge t t tPl ntfsha no alege a t lc
ss ha ai if ve t l d cua onduc by t g r nt
t
he ove mne
be us t ha noti ntfe t Co y a t owne oft s di e .The Co tdia e .
ca e hey ve
de ii d he unt s he
r he e m nt
ur s gr es
Pl i if ha m e t i bur n ofal gi a plusbl e ilm e t r le be us t y a lge
antfs ve t he r de
le ng
a i e ntte nt o ei f ca e he le
t t t Count s e e nt i ude t rghtt dic r wa e ac os Pl i if 3630' boa
ha he
y' as me ncl s he i o s ha ge t r r s antf
s t
basn,a t basn ha be n fle wih s di e by wa oft dr na s t m t tt Co y
i nd he i s e ild t e m nt
y he ai ge yse ha he unt
Ope a e asa be ftoft e e e .
rts
ne i he as m nt
N ex , t Count a gues t tt fow of s me t oug t sor wae dr i
y r
ha he l
edi nt hr h he t m
tr anage
t he
s t m i a na ur ly oc ur i e ntt tc nnotbe ati ed t t gove nm e ,a t r f e
yse s
t a l c rng ve ha a
trbut o he
r nt nd he e or
c nnotbe a t ki The Count lke t st t tde ca r ng s nd t a fom a bea h.W hie
a
a ng.
y i ns hi o he i
ryi a o nd r
c
l
t Cou y m a notc r t s di nts e se ,t Count pr s a y m a be a e t
he
nt
y
ontol he e me ' xit nce he
y e um bl
y
bl o
c r lt a ount i a t t i de ie ont Pl ntfs pr ry t ough t sonn wa e
onto he m
, f ny, ha s postd o ai if ' ope t hr
he t
tr
outalpi .Butf t Count s e s m e t tpe mis t us of t sor wae d ai ge
f l pe
or he
y' a e nt ha r t he e
he t m
tr r na
s tm ,t s di e a y de i ma not ha occ r d,or i i di oc ur may ha bee
yse he e m ntr post y
ve
ure
ft d c ,
ve n

e c r td byt dai s tm . Bank v.Unie St e 31 F. 1 ( d.Ci. 03)
xa ebae
he r nage yse See
s
td ats, 4 3d 304 Fe r 20

(idn ta camsween ttmeb re wh r g v r me tb it ete e a eb tdt g a u l
fn ig h t li
r o i - ar d ee o en n -u lj tis x c r ae he rd a
er in ofs r lne .Thus Pli if al tons viwe i t lghtmos fvorbl t t m,
oso
ho ei )
, antfs' legai , e d n he i
t a a e o he
pl i y a l ge t tt Count s ac i nsco tt e a t ki
ausbl le ha he
y' to
ns iut d a ng.

l,
. t f n on a o r u ha
y
Fi ly,t Coun y r les o Wo d Knol LLC v Ci o Li c l,Al.t ag e t t
na l he
t ei n o s
Pl i if ha not a qua ey pl a d c us ton ie,t tt al ge i e f r nc wih t i
antfs ve
de t l e de a a i
.. ha he le d nt re e e t her

prperyrght wasc us bya a tonoft govenme .548 F.App' 577( 1h Ci.201 .
o t i s
a ed n ci
he
r nt
x
1 t r 3)
l Woods Knol,t cour he d t t t pl i if a tr l i a til coul no a qua ey
n
l he
t l ha he antf, fe osng t ra ,
d t de t l
e t bls t tt ct sa tonsc us d t toodi da a t t pli ifspr pe t be us t
sa ih ha he iy' c i
a e he l ng m ge o he a ntf
o ry ca e he
toodi r s td fom sx s c .1 a 58 The Count s
l ng e ule r
i our es d. t 0.
y ugge t a hos ofr s why t
ss
t ea ons
he
basn has be om e s lo e , i l ng t Pl i if ' o neg i nce i f lng t pe f m
i
c
hal w r ncudi he antfs wn
lge
n aii o ror
r utne mant na dr ng. antfsne note ude e r r as bl c us lat r tve,a
o i
i e nce edgi Pl i if ed
xcl
ve y e ona e a a le na i s
t Coun y ma n ai .Att m o i t dimis sa alwelplade alegai a e t ke as
he
t
i t ns
he ton o s s t ge, l l- e d l tons r a n
tue,a Pli tfs ne onl alege s fc e f c st tplusbl r ie a e ilm e t r le .
r
nd a n if ed y l
ufii nt a t ha a i y a s n ntte nt o ei f
He e Pl i if ha m e t tbur a t y ha a quael al ge t tt basn hasbe om e
r , antfs ve t ha
den s he ve de t y le d ha he i
c
s lo ra ar ul oft s di ntde ie by t sor wa e dr i ge s t m owne by t
hal we s es t he e me
post d
he t m t r a na yse
d
he
Count Ac r ngl t Count sm o i i de e o t tba i
y. co di y,he
y' ton s nid n ha ss.

2.

Clan W atrAc ( unt11 and Seci 376. (
e
e t Co 1 )
ton 302 Countl
V)

Ne , he Co t a g t tt Se ond Am e d Compl ntdoe nots fcinty a lge
xt t
un y r ues ha he c
nde
ai
s
ufi e l le
t e se e of a polutnt f pur e oft Cla W a e Ac o Fl i Stt t 376. 2.
he xit nc
l a or pos s
he e n
t r t r orda a u e
30
Pl ntfs wihoutct ton t a lgala t iy,blndl a s tt tSs men ' i $apolutnti
ai if , t
iai o ny e
u hort i y s er ha kedi t' s 1 l a n
a ofis own' f rpur esoft f de a a sae cai s D. 41 a 9- 0. Unde t Cl n
nd t
'o
pos
he e r l nd t t l m . E. t 1
r he ea
W ae Ac,t t nn ' l a ' i i l i oft oc s nd,cel rdita i ti ,m unii l
t r t he e s ut nt' s ncusve d k, a
pol
r
la r nd ndusral
c pa ,

a a iulurlwasedic r di owae , s e33U. C.j1 6)
nd grc t a t shage nt tr' e
'
S.
362( .
Pl ntfsalget ttgl dic r eoft s di nta maeral t t MimiRi ri
ai if le ha ithe s ha g
he e me nd t i s o he a
ve s

avi ain oft ClanW aerAc, D. 37!32,a fgl naur oft maeilde ie i
olto he e
t t' E.
'
nd ithe t e he tra postd n
t boa ba i ha ne bee a l d f c a na sorha r mae il, i a !37 b
he t sn s ver n nayze or ontmi nt
zadous tras' d t
'
ut

ç iti l l t a temae ilc nan c na n nsa d ma c nanha ad u mae il, i.
' q s i y h t h tra o t is o tmia t n y o t i z r o s tras' d
g
ke
'
'g-hedei ton ofpolutn i t g e n W aelAc i br d,i udi among ot rt ngs
k-j tnii
l
l a t n he cla
tr t s oa ncl ng
he hi ,
r ck,snd,celrdit a i usra,munii ,a ag iulurlwase ... 40 C. R.j 1 2
o a
la r, nd nd til
cpal nd rc t a
t
'
'
F.
22.

(ntr lquotto omitd) k he r nwaerfowsfom ast wher l dit bi a tvii
i e na
ains te .k n ai t l r
W
ie
e and sur ng ci tes
ha be n conduced,s asgr di a clarng,tf lswihi 't de i ton ofa k l a .
ve e
t uch
a ng nd e i i a l t n' he fnii
d ut nt'
pol
'

3d 523,1 n. ( 1h Ci.1 .The alegainsi t
525 1 1 t r 996)
l to n he
Hughe v JM S D e Cor ,78 F. 1
y .
v. p.

Se ondAmende Compl n a ead te ybae,butunde t 1 b)6)sa r t Co ti t
c
d
ait r mitdl r
r he 2( ( tndad,he ur s o
c tue t we lpl a d a lga i ns i t lght mos f vor bl t Pl i tfs and a e al
onsr he l- e de le to n he i
t a a e o a n if
cc pt 1

r s bl i e e est rfom.l t sca e t grva n oft algai aet tûglc
eaona e nfr nc hee r n hi s , he a me
he le tons r ha ûea h
r i eve ca ea to ls di ntt en e t sor d an s t m a uli a ey be de ie '
an nt us ddii na e me o t r he t m r i yse nd tm t l
postd'

o t i p o ry. E.3 ! 7. us r lig o t Elv n h Cic i' hodng i Hu e t e
n her r pet D. 7
Th , eyn n he e e t r uts li n gh y, h
Cou tbe ive t Pl ntfsha pl usbl sat a e ilm e t r le t tt s di nt r
r le s hat ai if ve a i y t ed n ntte nt o e if ha hc e me a y
de i t Count ssor wae outf l pi de ison t i pr ry i a polu a wihi t
post he
y' t m tr
al pe post
her ope t s
l t nt t n he
me ni oft Cla W atrAct Not t tndi t t t Cour wilr - stt si s wih t
a ng he e n
e
. wihsa ng ha , he
t l e vii hi s ue t he
be ftofa f lr or a alt rsa
ne i
ul ec d t ae tge.

Secin 3 302 ma si unlwf :Sgj dic gepolutnt orha ar s tnce '
to 76.
ke t a ul tto shar
las
z dous ubsa s'
i ot waesoft Stt i t tS shagevi ae a de rme a ftndar a dei i j
nt he tr he ae f ha k c r olts ny pa t ntl sa d' s tned n
di

403.03(1 . Se i 403. 1 dei Ctndad'a
8 3)' cton 803( 3) fnes t a r ' s:
5
s
g nyr l oft De rme ofEnvionme a Pr e ton rltng
Aq ue he pa t nt
r ntl otci eai
t ai a watr quaiy, noie, s i wa t mana m e , a
o r nd
e
lt
s old- se
ge nt nd
elc rc a magnei fedsas oc aed wih eecrc lta mi son
e ti nd
tc i l
s it
t l ti a r ns s i
and di t buton lnes and s t i f ltes.The t ks andar '
sri i i
ubsaton aciii
enn lt
d'
doe not i ude r e of t de rm e whi h r l t e l i l
s
ncl
ul s
he pa t nt c e a e xc us ve y
t t i e na m a geme of t de t e , t pr e r l
o he ntr l na
nt
he parm nt he oc du a
pr es i of a i a i , t a i sr i n of r e a ng or
oc s ng
pplc tons he dm ni tato
ul m ki

a j dc tr p o e dig ,h pu l aino n tc s t c nd c o
du iao y r c e n s te bi to f o ie ,he o u t f
c
he rngs orot rpr edur lm a t r .
ai ,
he oc
a te s

Se ton 376. ( dei k l a s'as a i oduc' dei i s ci 3 1
ci
30136) fnes i utnt'
pol
ny i
pr t' fned n e ton 77.9.
çpr uc, i s to 377.9( )i dei d a $ac
û od t' n ecin
'
1 23 s fne s k ommodiyma fom oi orga ... Secin
t de r
1
s ' to
'
376. ( ) dei t zadous s tnc s'a S ado s tnc i t Co e nsve
30121 fnes d r
ha
ubsa e ' s t r us ubsa es n he mprhe i
haz
Envio e al Re po e, Compe ai a Libiiy Ac of l 5 Tha Ac de i
r nm nt
s ns
ns ton nd a lt
t
980.
5
t t fnes
S a douss t nc ' a
i r
haz
ubsa e' s'

( g ny s tnc desgnae pu s ntt s ci 311b)2)A)
A) Aj ubsa e i td rua o e ton ( ( (
o t Fe r lW ae Poluto Contac Ac ...( a ee nt
f he de a tr l in
r t t
B) ny lme ,
co pound,m i ur ,s uton,or s t nce des gna e pur ua t
m
xt e ol i
ubs a
i t d s nt o

scton 9602 oft stte ...( a ha r wa t ha ngt
ei
hi il
C) ny zadous se vi he

c r t r s i i ntfed unde orls e pur ua t s c i n 3001 of
ha ac e i tcs de ii
r it d s nt o e t o

t Sold W at Dipos Ac ...( a t cpolut lse
he i se s al t
D) ny oxi l ant itd
unde s ton 3 a oft Fedea W ae Poluton ContolAc ..
r eci 07() he
rl tr l i
r t
( any ha r
E)
zadous arpolutntlse unde scton 11 oft
i l a itd
rei
2 he
Cla Ai Ac ...a ( a i
en r t
nd F) ny mmens l ha r
ey zadous c ca
hemi l
.

s tnc or mi ur wih r s tt whih t Adm i sr t has
ubsa e
xt e t e pec o
c he
nitaor
t ken aci n pur ua t s c i 7 oft To c Subsa esContol
a
to
s nt o e ton
he xi
t nc
r
A ct
.

42 U. C. j 9601 1 .The Se
S. A.
( 4)
cond Ame
nded Compli does not alge t tt
ant
le ha he
s di e t di c r s vi a e a D e r m en of Envionm ent Pr t c i n r e r a i t w a e
e m n s ha ge ol t ny pa t t
r
al o e t o ul el tng o t r
qualt l t a Pl i if a l ge r l t tt s m enttm a con a n haz r
iy. ns e d, a ntf s lege ne aly ha he edi
' y
ti
a dousm a e i l .
t r a s'
'

D. 3 ! 1 Th Co r q e to swh te Flrd ' d fni o o S l tn s'o C z r o s
E. 7 7. e u t u si n eh r o ia s ei t ns f i l a t' r d ad u
i
po u
ha
s t nc ' whih t m s l r f r t t f de a Comprhe i Envionme a Re po e,
ubsa es'
c he eves e e o he e r l
e nsve
r
nt l s ns
Compe a i a Libiiy Ac of 1 0- a e a br d a t e f
ns ton nd a lt
t 98
r s oa s hos ound i t Cl n W a e Ac .
n he ea
tr t
Howe r a t s sa ,t Cour' oblga i i t de e mi wheherPl n if ha al ge a
ve , t hi t ge he
ts i ton s o t r ne
t
aitf s ve le d
plusbl e il ntt r i ,nott dee mi whehe t s me i i f c a polutntora
a i e ntteme o elef
o tr ne
t r he edi nt s n a t
la
ha r
za dous s t nc Thus Pl ntf s ha m e t i bu de of esa i hi a pl us bl
ubs a e.
, ai i f
ve
t he r r n
t bls ng
a ie
e il m e tt r le a t Count s M oton i deni on t bas s The Co ' w ils m ia l r ntte n o e i f nd he
y'
i s
ed
hat i .
ul l i l ry e
t

vii t sis a al trsa wiht bene i ofam o er tr or
st hi s ue t ae t ge t he
ft
r obus ec d.

3.

Ne i nc (
glge e CountV)

The Co y a guest tCountV s d be dim is be a e Pli if 'pr s tnotc
unt r
ha
houl
s s ed c us antfs e-ui ie
r quie e t wa de i i .Unde Fl i lw, a pl ntf s ng a count m us frt pr s nt a
e rm n
s fcent
r orda a
ai if ui
y
t is e e

cli i wrtng t t c y C t n t ee yeas afe s h cam ac r . Fl Stt j
am n ii o he ount d hi hr
wi
r tr uc li cues' a. a .
'

7 .8 6 () Pli tfs al c e Ex bt3 t t er Se o d Ame d d Co an ta d tisa
682 ( )a . anif ta h d hii o h i c n
n e mplit h t eal
$ Re s d Notc o Vi a i ' o M im iDa Co t da e De mber22,201 Thus e n
.
2nd vie
i e f olton't a - de un y t d ce
7.
, ve
usng 201 a t l t t t tt cai ac r ed,Pl ntfs pr -ui notc woul be tm ey,
i
4 s he aes ha he l ms c u
ai if ' e s t i e
d
i l
be aus t Count was no ii d wihi t e ye r t t Pli if i e
c e he
y
tte
t n hr e a s ha antfs ntnded t fl s t
o ie ui.
A c or ngl t Count sM oton i de e on t tbas s
c di y, he
y'
i s ni d
ha
i.

1 .
V

C oncl on
usi

B a ed o t f egoi i i
s n he or ng, t s

ADJUDGED t tM imila Count sM oi t Dimis( E.38)i DENI I i
ha a -l de
y' ton o s s D.
s
ED. t s
f t r
ur he

ADJUDGED t t M i - de Count s l fl a a we t t Se ond Am e d
ha
amiDa
y ha l ie n ns r o he c
nde
Compl i nol t t n Aueus 3. 8.
ant aer ha
t 201
DONE AN D ORDERED i Cha
n
mber a M im i Fl i ,t '
s t a , orda

ofJ 201
une 8.

FED
CO A .
NO
> 1 ED ST ES D I
STRI J D GE
CT U
Copi s f ni hed t
e ur s
o:
Couns ofRecor
el
d

1
5