Hill v. Porter et al

Filing 65

ORDER Granting 40 Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment. Signed by Senior Judge James Lawrence King on 3/6/2020. See attached document for full details. (jw)

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A . Background

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a
mi e whene rheha s n a t ct co ime tngs.DE 39!32)
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B. D ecorum Polcy G overni H om es
i
ng
tead Ciy Counci M eetngs
t
l
i

On Apr l20,201 t Ciy of H o e t d pa s Re ol i N o.M 01 04- whi h
i
6, he t
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6- 42, c

rp a e t et e e itn de o u poiy (h 1 d De o u P lc ' wi arv s d d c r m
e lc d h h n-x si g c r m lc t e (
Ol c r m o iy' t e ie e o u
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polc (hel w De or Polc ' t goven Homese d Ciy Counclme tngs ( 39! 1 .
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manan or ra ct c i meei sa e oret ne polc ( .sDe a 45! 1 -22)
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C. Pl ntf A ddress t Ciy Counci on A ugust24,2016
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Plitf a i ome Plitf t a h C a t la . ( . De a 5 !2-6 !1 . an ifwa
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t ciy c
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F. Proc dur H i t y
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mmay u g n s p o rae r t e v n h ws h t h r s o e uie
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r c or he nmovi pa t ' Ande s v fi ryLob y,I ,477 U. 242,248 ( 986)
ng ry.
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c tra a t' ns a t t t ght f c he ut om
m
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d n p sng u r ud me t te o mo n a t ' t e o t pe ii ' t h wig
mu
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t tt r i a ge ne i s f t i l' I a 250. (fhe m e e e s e o a s ntla of e de e
ha he e s
nui s ue or r a .' d. t
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r xit nce f ci il
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is
n uppo toft pl i if sposton w ilbe i uf i i n . f a 25
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t h g e e s le ain ,
h
Co 1 a s lst tt O1 De r Polc i
unt 1 s e' ha he d co um
t
iy mpos sa unc tt i prorr sr nton s e h
e n onsiutonal i e tai
pe c

b (mme ill a p o p ci ey da rig 'a y s e ke d tr n d b t e M a o t h v
y C daey nd r s e tv l b rln j n p a r eemi e y h
i
y r o ae
vi a e t Polc Sr f t r a e
ol t d he
i y f om ' he udi nce be or t c
ur
f e he ounc l unl s t s a r o a ns a
i ' e s he pe ke bt i

ç j rt v t o tec u cl mb r p e e t g a tn hm t emiso t . . g i a d e ste
mao iy oe f h o n i me es r sn ' rn ig i p r s in o . a an d rs h
c
ounc l a s met i t ftr. (d !41b)I teMoinfrS mmayJ g n,heCi
i' t o i n he uue' 1. ().n h
me
'
to o u r ud me tt t
y
.

a gue t t t f c a c le t t O l D ec um Polc i m oot snce t polc has be n
r s ha he a i l ha l nge o he d
or
iy s
i
he i y
e

rpe ld.( eM ot Summ.J a 4)
e ae Se
.
.t .
The r d refect t on Apri 20,2016,t O 1 D ecor Polcy w as r
ecor
l s hat
l
he d
um
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ed

rplce wiht pasageofRes uinNo.1 01 04- ( 39! 1.Among ohe t ngs t
e a d t he s
olto
V 6- 42. DE
)
t r hi ,he
r ol i ei i t d t c le
es uton lm na e he hal nged a pe t oft O1 Dy r Polc na y,(1 t ki
s c s he d co um
iy: mel ) s ng
ma

i ri ntrmaks'a t o ngboitr 'a j o
mpe tne e r ' nd c mi
bec
seous' s r undsf barng as a rfom t ciy
or ri
pe ke r he t

c u ih e tn s a ()rq ii gab re s e k rt o ti a p o a b t emao i o t ect
o ncl lei g , nd 2 e urn ar d p a e o b an p r v l y h j rt f h i
y
y
.

'

c nclme r beor rt ni t f ur ct c ime tngs ( 39- a 4-6 .Bec us t
ou i mbe s f e eur ng o ut e iy ouncl ei .DE 1 t ) a e he
c le d pr vii ha be n e i naed unde t Ne De or Polc Pl i ifs cai
halnge o sons ve e lmi t
r he w
c um
iy, antf l m
unde t Fis Am e
r he r t
ndm e i m oots nc i ( l
nt s
i e t s ongerpr s nt a lve c r r y w ih r pec t
no
e e s i ont ove s t es t o

whih t co tc n gi mea ngf rle.'Et e v Hai,996 F. 11 11 ( 1h Ci.
c he ur a ve ni ul eif' hr dge . l
2d 73, 75 1 t r
l9 . ealoCo . t AboltonS- ' //ZJPr bii v Ci o l a, 9F. 1 1
93)Se s alfor he ii -A/ rfSI? ohi ton . t fAtant 21 3d 30 ,
/ J Z
y
1 0( 1hCi. )(k helas e nt1w brngst e si co r s t a e Chec e
31 1 t r2000 t f ubs que a i he xitng ntovery o n nd t as
W

b c me mo ta d s o l b te td a c r ig y'' ( u tn Ch r h o ce t lg Flg S r .
e o s o n h ud e rae c o dn l ,' q oi g u c fs in oo y a e v
)
Or ,I .v.Ci o e watr 777F. 598,605( 1hCi.1 )
g. nc
t fclar e ,
y
2d
1 t r 985).

I r pons , Pl i if r les on t ûvol a y c s ton' e e i t t m oo nes
n çs e antf e i
he s unt r es a i ' xc pton o he
t s
doc rne. l ne a l a c l nget t c tt i iy ofa s a ut i m oo e by t r pea oft
t i SGe r ly, hale
o he ons iutonalt
tt e s
td
he e l he

saue , .. (uj(j i ra t' c pto t t sg n r lr l a pl si t r i as b tn il
tt tlj . b t an mpo tn e e in o hi e e a ue p i f hee s u sa ta
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e
lkelhoodt tt c l d saut r lng gewilber e t 'Cor S i St S .I .v.
i i
ha he halenge t t o y a ua
l
e naced.' al prngs . ys, nc
.

d

Ci o S n ie 3 F.d 1 20 1 2 ( 1h Ci.2 0 ) Ho v r i b e a s o t e u iu
t f u rs , 71 3 3 , 3 9 1 t r 0 4 . we e , c qc u e f h nq e
y
g
c aa trsiso p bl d fnd ns (o rs o tn gvejg l r me ta tr moe le y t a
h rceitc f u i ee a t, c utj fe i g o e n n co s r e wa h n
c
prva e pa te i t pr s pton t t t y a e unlke y t r um e il l a tvii . D oe v
i t ri s n he e um i ha he r
i l o es
lega c i tes'
'
.

Wo tn 7 7 F.d 1 i ,1 2 ( 1h Ci. 1 )(n en lq tto sa ctto o te ) S s
oe , 4 3 3 7 3 2 1 t r 20 4 itr a uoain nz iains mi d .t
t Thi
pr umpton i pa c a l wa r nt d i c es whe e' a he e,Che gove nme r pe l d o
es
i s /i ulry ra e n as
r ,' s r t
t
r nt e a e r
a e d a c le ed s a u e orpolc of e a c ea i c t ofuna bi
m nde
ha l ng t t t
iy
t n l r ndi a or
m guoust r i ton.' d
e m na i ' 1 .
Thus ( e a gove nm e a t es a i hesuna bi
,t
onc
r nt c or t bls
m guous t r i ton oft c le d co uc ,
e m na i
he ha l nge nd t

t c r ve s wilbem oot'unl st pli tf de onsr t sû ome r as bl ba i t bei ve
he onto ry l
' es he a n if m ta e s
s
e ona e ss o le

t tt polc wilber i ttdi t s ti tr nae 'I (uoai omitd)
ha he iy l ensae f he ui s emi td. d q ttons te .
'
A c or ng t El ve h Cic tpr c nt whe he t go r e i lkel t r e tt
c di o e nt r ui e ede , t r he ve nm nt s i y o e nac he

c le d polcy de ndson t e co i r tons Fis, he c tco i r l t rt c nge
halnge
i
pe
hr e nsde a i . r t t our nsde s l he he ha
whe

i c n u t e utdfo s bsa ta d lb rto o i meeya atmp t ma i lt gh c u ts
n o d c rs le r m u tnil eieain r s rl n te t o npuae te o r'j

j rs ito 'Flng n' Ene s,I c o .v Ci o n kS igs Ga,8 8F.d 1 4 ,1 7
u id cin. a ia 5 tr. n . fGa .. t fsa d prn , . 6 3 2 8 25
'
'
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( 1h Ci.201 .Se nd,t c ta l sl t rt go r ntsdecsont tr naet
1 t r 7) co he our nayze ' he he venme ' ii o emi t he
whe
c l ng co
hale ed nduc w a G m bi
t s una guous ''I Thid,t co ta ks twhe he t gove nm e ha
.' d. r he ur s s t r he
r nt s

c n itn l manan disc mmi n t tenevpoiy o lg saies he . 1 .
o sse ty itie t o t t o h t l r e iltv c me' d
me
c
'
Notbl he e t Ciyrpe ldt O1 De or Polcyt
a y r ,he t e ae he d c um i hmughaf malr olto ( e
or es uin.Se

DE 3 - ) Th sp o e u e rfe t t e c nsd rd j d ml to a d lb rtv b d Co r
9 1. i r c d r elcs h o i ee u g n f ei eaie o y. mpa e
Fl gan', F. a 1 (halnget ar pe l or na ewasmoo whe eçheCiyCounci
ani s 868 3d t 260 c le o e aed di nc
t r t t
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8

votd on ...t Or na srpe l...i o n s si d i r gulry s heduld me tngs',
e
he di nce' e a
n pe e son urng e al c
e ei '
)

wi J ge p Do ga C@.S h Dit,8 2 F.d 8 4 8 3 ( 1h Ci.1 8 )(a e wa n tmo t
t a r . u ls
h
c . s. 6 2 2 , 3 1 t r 9 9 c s s o o
?

wher t he Sc
ec
t
hoolDi t i tvol a iy c as t pr c ieofha ngpr m er i ousi a i
sr c untrl e ed he a tc
vi egb elgi nvoc tons
,

d lv rdbyPrtsa tmiitr .. g ih wa no af r il lc ' Alo t er s lto wa
ei ee
oe tn n ses . wh c j s t o n a poiy' s , h e ou in s
)
pa s on A prl20,201 ne ry t o ye r be or Pl ntf fl d t s l w s ta m o e t n f
s ed
i
6: a l w
a s f e ai if ie hi a ui nd r ha our

mont be or t i i gvi rs t t slws te n oc ured.( DE 39 ! 1.TheCour
hs f e he ncdent i ng ie o hi a ui ve c r See
)
t
t r o efndst r pe loft O1 De r Polc t ha r s t fom s t nta delber ton,
he ef r i he e a he d co um
iy o ve e uled r ubsa il i ai

n t rl a e fr t ma iu aet Co r'j rs ito Fo smia ra o ,h Co r as fn s
o meey n fo to np lt he u ts u idcin. r i lr e s nst e u t lo id
t r pe lt beuna guous t Ciyr peaedt Ol Dec um Polc du i apublcmeei
he e a o
mbi
; he t e l he d
or
iy rng
i
tng
t oug a f m al es l i a t sr s uton e i il e i i t d t c le
hr h or r o ut on, nd hi e ol i xplc ty lm na e he ha l nged l
anguagef om
r

t Ne De or Polcy.( eDE 39-) Andfnaly,heCour fndst tt Ciyhasmanti
he w c um i Se
1.
i lt
ti ha he t
i aned
isc
t omm im e t t Ne De or Polc snc J nua y201 t O1 De ormlPolcyhasnot
t nt o he w' c um
iy; i e a r
7, he d c k
i

a aedont a ndaf a ct c i meei ( 39!11 , t ug Pli ife
ppe r
he ge or ny iy ouncl tng.DE
) Alho h antf mpha i s
sze
t tt O1 D e or Polc r m ai d prnt d a t t of t age f t A ugus 24,201
ha he d c um
i y e ne i e t he op
he nda or he
t
6
m e tng,t tdoe note t bls t Ciy' i e t r e ctt o1 polc Atbes ,i a ou s t
e i ha
s
s a i h he t s nt nt o e na he d i y.
t t m nt o
S e e s c a i t tt Ciy m a r t n t is pr vi w a . Fl gan ',868 F. a 1
s r pe ul ton ha he t
m
y e ur o t e ous ys ' ani '
ç
3d t 256

( ainsomitd) Tha aonei i uf intt a dmoot s 6
quotto
te . t l s ns fce o voi
nes.

6WhiePlitf poit o tt tt C'yha ma nop omien tt rt r t t Ol De o u Po iy( .s
l an if ns u ha he i s de r s o o eu n o he d c r m lc P1'
t
Re p, t ,hemo ne sdo tieha n ve rqur ds c ap omie.n t a ,her e n iqur i wheh r
s a 7)t
ot s crn s e r e ie u h r s I se d t elva t n iy s t e

t plitf ha s o ara o be e e tton t tt Ci wilrt n t t e c a lng d pol y.He e
he an if s h wn e s na l xp ca i ha he t l eur o h h le e
y
i
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r,
Pl ntf hasm ade no s show i Thef alchalengeunderCount1 i t ef e m oot
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To t e e t tPl ntf a s rs a as a i d c l nge underCot tI ,t tc a m f is
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r g ai i u onsiuto la i hasbe a i t altga ' pa tc a s c a tviy. fe
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Ai r s o . . e Se v . p.608F. 1 1 ( hCi. 0)Ast Supr meCoul
dse v .for v L gal r s Cor ,
3d 084, 096 9t r 201 . he e
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t
S. 71 3 9 1 7 ) e h ss
a d)
dde .
H o e r t r c d i t s c e does no e t bls t de i ton ofa S ot t r ght'
w ve , he e or n hi as
t s a i h he pr va i
û ec ed i '
pr
unde t Fis A m e m e .R a he , t r c d r tec s t t Pl ntf s ke f t f l tle
r he r t
nd nt t r he e or el t ha ai i f po or he ul lr e

mi e d i t publcc
nuts urng he i omme tpo onoft me tnghedonAugus 24, 6.DE 39!15 .
n ti
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t 201 (
)
I e i wasonl a trPl i iffnihe s a ng a r t ned t hi s a t the wa r m ove
nde d, t
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se
d

fom t ct co i meei (J.! 1 ) Folowi abre dic sonouti Ciy Hal,Pli if
r he iy uncl tng.f
6 . l ng if s us i
sde t l antf
wa t n i or t thed sbei tes sed. (6 !24) ButPli ifne rrcevedac
s he nf med ha t
wa ng r pa s ' 1L
'
.
antf ve e i
opy
of t s t e pa s o de ,a he w a ne t d t t he ne d pe m i s on t r t n t f ur ciy
hi r s s r r nd
s ver ol ha
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c i meei .1 !!24 P1' De a 6 ! 1 .ns l,Pl ntf wa ne rpr ve e
ouncl tngs (d
-26; .s p. t 2 ! -23) I ho' ai if s ve e ntd
t
fom s aki beor t ct councl ( e . ,DE 39 ! 1 .The r or i tad s
r pe ng f e he iy
i. Se ,eg.
2)
ec d nse howst t
ha
Pl i if vol a iy r f ai d f om a t ndi t s e nt c t co i m e tngs bec us he
a ntf
unt r l e r ne r
te ng he ubs que iy unc l e i
a e

me eyas u dt thewoul bea rse i hert ne ( 46!25) Tha, t mo e does
r l s me ha
d retd f eur d. DE
. twihout r ,

n tetb ih ted p i ai no t erg tt fe s e c u e t eF rtAme d n . / Pe e v
o sa ls h e rv to f h ih o r e p e h nd r h is
n me t C s k .

7AsPlitf or cl noe ,K j Elve t Cic tha c fr dt tt tr e ofapl nifscai
an ifc re ty ts tthe e nh rui s on ime ha he a g t
l
aitf' l m
and t nat e oft r i s
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s al
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Ba , 2 F.S p. 1 ,1 09( D. a. 4) Ev ns ,teCo l fn t tPlitf' al gai sf i
r7
up 3d 298 3 S. Fl 201 . e o h ul ids ha anifs l ton al
e
asam al of1 r r es ofw het rt Courtcha act i st
ter aw ega dl s
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r erze hose alegatons-sf aloras a i
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l

Ci o u s c , 9 F. u p. 6 , 5( D. i 1 9 )(tlna mu h a ( an it î u h t
t fBr n wik 7 4 S p 7 8 78 N. Oh o 9 2 C l s c s Plitfl o g t o
y
g
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ncl tng, he ur i ha
s
de i d ofhi fr tame e rg offe s c whe t Br wik Ciy Counci s eci l
prve
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ndm nt i ht r e pee h
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l el tvey

de e hi t ri t epr s t sevc so Aprl1 1 1.)(
nid m he ght o x es he fw. n i 5, 99 ' emphassa d) TheCiy i
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t s
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heeor nild o ummayj me o CountI.
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CountI Ia l est tt O1 D e u Polc vi a e t D ue Pr es Cl e oft Fit
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.

a Foure nt Ame t e sbec us i t ut i d t M a t de e l net ta s a rs ul
nd
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nc nt a e t s horze he yor o t rni ha pe ke ho d
m
a
be û r ed f o f rhe a e e' iho pr vi ng a pr s f c le ng t tde e m i ton
ba r r m ' t r udi nc w t ut o di ny oce s or ha l ngi ha t r na i
u

a / f obt ni pemisont ra a beor t tbodyi t f ur '(
ndor or ai ng r si o e ppe r f e ha
n he ut e. Compl!55( ) To
'
. B).
t e e tt tCount1 1 a l ge a f i c l nge unde t Fi t A m e
he xt n ha
I le s ac al hale
r he fh
ndm e , ha c a m i m oo
nt t t l i s
t
f t r a ons e a ne a ve A nd t t e e t tCbunt1 1alege an as a i d c le
or he e s
xpl i d bo .
o he xt nt ha
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u rt Fit A m e
nde he fh
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nt t t l m s a l
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To pr a pr edur l d pr es vi a i n,a Pl i if a t m pt t do he e a pl i t f
ove
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mus etbls t f lwi ee nt:( 1 ade i tonofac ttto ly- oecbdlbe t o
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4
onsiuinal prt t i ry r
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Hel , F. 1 13 ( 1h Ci. )(iainomitd) l t sc e CountIIalege t t
lns 438 3d 336, 47 1 t r2006 ctto
te .n hi as ,
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Pl ntf was de i of :û s lbe t i e es i a
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prved
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rng f e he
t d t
i

me tngs' (
ei . Compl ! 48) Ac or ngt Pli if t sde i tbn oc ure whe M a Pore
'
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a i t O1 De or Polc t I os ctvey ba 'Pli iffom f ur ct c
ppled he d c um
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pr
l ei .

(d !5 . undipuedr c dbelest salgai
1 2) The s t e or i hi le ton.
N o hi i t r o d s
t ng n he ec r ugges s t t Pl i i f w as ba r f om a t ndi t f ur c t
t ha a ntf
r ed r
te ng he ut e iy
co i m e tngs To t co r r Pl i tf sm pl as um e t the w a ba r f o a t ndi t
unc l e i . he nt a y, a n if i y s d ha
s r ed r m te ng he

f ur m e tngsba e on hi i e pr tton oft txto t O1 De r m Polc aong wih hi
ut e ei
sd
s ntr ea i
he e f he d co u
iy, l
t s

undesa ng oft r ae i de i vi M r M c
rtndi
he eltd nci nt nvol ng . Donough.( 46 !25) Buta nopoi
DE ( .
t
nt
w a Pl i tf e r t l t t Sgt Cr s t e pa s o de w a i s d pur ua t t Ol D e nz
s a n if ve o d ha
. uz' r s s r r s s ue
s nt o he d co m

Polc norwa Pli ife rt dt thenee dpe misont rt m.( 39! 25 . rdi
iy,
s antf ve ol ha
de r s i o eul DE ! -26)No d
t Ciye rrf et 1tPli ifatndact c ime tng.Seege r l i !32)
he t ve eus o e antf te
iy ouncl ei (
ne al d.
y
.
I t d,a trPli ifsa t ney c a t d t Ciy f t fr ttm et mont a trt
nsea fe a ntf tor
ont c e he t or he is i wo
hs fe he
e ount r s w a i or e by t ciy a t r y t t he e w e eno r s r c i on Pl i if sa lt
nc e , he s nf m d he t to ne ha t r r
e t i tons
a ntf ' biiy

t atn t'ct c u clme t sl t e t a t o ea p ia l t teg nea pu lc'(d ! 2 o te d he iy o n i ei s h r h n h s p lc be o h e rl bi . 1 . ! 8
ng o
'
29 . e t de i tonofalbe t orpr ryi ers,apr edurlduepr s cam c r
) Absnt he prvai
i ry
ope t nt et oc a
oce s li amot

sa . e#t o ge t o a eCol. . t 40 U. 5 4, 6 (.7 )($ er q ie n so
tnd Se f fRe ns fstt l v R0h, 8 S. 6 5 9 1 2 1 e urme t f
s
9
Th
pr d a d pr s a y o y t t de i ton ofi e e t e ompa s d by t Foulee h
oce ur l ue oce j ppl nl o he prva i
nt r ss nc
se
he
- nt
t

Ame me t p oe to o lb rya p o ry.) S t ohee Th Ci i te eo ee tte t
nd n ' r tcin f iet nd r pet ' . o o r . e t s h r f r n ild o
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y
s mmayj d me to Co n 11
u r u g n n u t 1.
C.FaleI ionme (
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CountI ale sf le i ionme unde Fl i lw f t c
V l ge a s mprs
nt
r orda a or he onduc oft Homese
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polc o fce swho r moved Pli iffo Ciy Hal,l
ie f r
e
antf r m t
l t i ly r sr i d a deai 'hi ,
physcal e ta ne nd t ned' m

a sr
nd urounde hi C i hede red fo ( t Hal i fa ofbeng mnese f rtes s'
d m l l
unt
pat rm Ciy lq n e r
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l
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