Hasier v. United States of America

Filing 21

ORDER OF DISMISSAL. Signed by Senior Judge James Lawrence King on 9/30/2011. (jw)

UN I
TED STA TES D I
STRICT CO U RT
SO UTH ERN DISTR I O F FLO RI
CT
DA
K EY W EST D I I
V SION
CASE N O .1110002- I K l G
C V- N

MI
CHAEL H A SI
ER,
Pl i if
a ntf ,

UN I
TED STA TES OF A M ERI ,
CA
Def nt
enda .
/

O RDER OF D I ISSAL
SM
TH I CAU SE com esbe or heCour uponDef ntsM oton t im i sf
S
f et
t
enda '
i oD s s orLa
ck

ofSu j c MatrJ idcin( #7)fldo M a 3 2 1 TheCo r i f lyb if do
be t te urs ito DE ,ie n y , 01 .
u ts ul re e n
t m ate l
he t r.
L BA CK G R O UN D

Thi i ane lge ec s a a n tt Unie S ae ofAme ia(s td Stt s' f r
s s g i nc a e g i s he t d t ts
rc d e ae ' o
uni
)
f iur ow a n,m pr rm ai e nce,m pr ri pec i andpr
a l et r i ope
nt na
i ope ns ton
oduc labiiyatt ava
t i lt heN l

Ai SttonBarc i Ke W et Fl ia(çu j c p e s s'. Att tmete e ns
r ai
ra ks n y s, ord ' b e t r mie '
s
)
he i h ve t
g vig rs t t sa to o c re Pli ifM iha lHa ir(ûl se ' wa a e oy eof
i n ie o hi c i n c u r d, antf c e se t- ir' s n mpl e
la )

l ai ifMiha Hase fldaRes et Defnda ' Motont Dimis( #8)o
pl ntf c el ir ie
pons o e nts i o s s DE
n
M a 20, 1a Def nts e ntyis daRe yt Plitf Res e( # 1 on
y 201 nd enda ubs que l sue
pl o anifs pons DE 4)
June 6,2011.

OH C Envionm ent Engi erng, nc. (û
r
al
ne i I t
OHC' .OHC wa as on r c o o Ha r Pe pe
'
)
s ubc ta t r f ry p r

& As o it stslryPe r', ni de n nt o r co hie byt Unie Stt sf rt
s c ae l- r ppe ' a n pe de c nta t r r d he t d ae o he
la
)
e pr s pu po eofr me ai g hu rc ned ma t ta in h i u t a t s j c
x e s r s e ditn ria a ge o r nse t ousng nis t he ub e t
p e s s ( # a 1 . Has rlv d i ahousng u ta t Na lAi Stto whie
r mie . DE 7, t ) ie ie n
i ni t he va r ai n l

wori frOHC,( #8 a 1.Hairalge ta d t t ne lge eo t Unie
kng o
DE , t ) se le s h t ue o he gi nc f he td

Stts hewa e pos dt txi mol c ti dwihi t s j c pr mie a s frd
ae ,
s x e o o c d onane t n he ube t e s s nd ufee
ij re a ars t ( #6, t( 1 1 .Ha irbrng hscamspu s n t t Fe r l
nu is s eul. DE a ! 4, 6) se i s i li
!
rua t o he dea
To t amsAc (ç
r Cli
ti
FTCA' , U. C.j 26 - 0.
' 28 S. j 71268
)
l .LEG AL STAN DAR D
l

Rul 8 oft Fe r Rul ofCi lPr
e
he de al es
vi ocedur r quiest ta c pl ntcont n $a
e e r ha om ai
ai $
s tand pl n sat m e oft cl i s i t tt pl ri e il t r i .' Fed. .
hor
ai t e nt he a m how ng ha he eade s ntted o elef '
R

Ci P.8 a ( . s vi a mo in t d s s ,a c mpli mus alge l n h f c st
v. ( )2) To ur ve
to o imis o ant t le t oug a t o
e
sat acl i t r left ti plus bl on isf e.'Be lAtantcCor v.Tw om bl 550 U .
t e a m o e i ha s a i e t ac ' l l i
p
y,
S.
.

5 4,5 0 ( 07 .$ cam ha f ca plusbiiywhe t pli tf pla f cua c n e t
4 7 20 ) ( li s a i l a i l
A
t
n he an if e ds a t l o t n
t a l t cour t dr t r as bl i er
hat lows he
t o aw he e ona e nf ence t t def nti labl f t
hat he enda s i e or he

mic nd talge ' As rj v I al 2 S. .1 7,1 49 ( 09 . Thsplusbiiy
s o uc le d. hcot . qb ,1 9 Ct 93 9 20 ) i a i l
'
t
r r e outi d by t Supr eCour dr quiesm or t l sand c us ons a
equiem nt lne
he
em
t se r
e han abel
oncl i , nd
af m ul cr iaton oft el m ent ofa c eofac i w ilnotdo.' Twombl 550 U .
or ai ect i
he e
s
aus
ton l
'
y,
S.
a 555.
t

û t pur esofam oton t dim i s t Cour m us vi w t alegatonsoft
t he pos
For
i o s s , he
t t e he l i
he

2

com pl nti t lghtm os f vor bl t Pl ntf ,cons dert alegatons oft com pl nt
ai n he i
t a a e o ai if
i he l i
he
ai

astue,a a ptal r asonabl i e e
r
nd cce
le
e nf r ncest ef om .' Om arex r .Cannon v fi e
her r '
el
. nds y,

33 F.d 1 46,1 ( 1hCi. 03 .Ho ve ,l tne t tac r mus a c pta tue
4 3 2 247 1 t r 20 ) we r lhe e t ha ou t t c e s r
t
al oft a l ga i cont ne i acom pl nti i pplc et l
l he le tons
ai d n
ai s na i abl o egalc l i ' l ,
onc us ons.' qbal

129 S. .a 1
Ct t 949.Thus coursdet m i ngt s fci nc ofacom pl ntengagei at
,
t er ni he ufi e y
ai
n wo-

pr n d a a y i:d 1 ei nae a y al g to i t c mpli t a a e me ey l g l
o ge n l ss $ ) lmi t n le ai ns n he o ant h t r r l e a
(
c n l i ns a ( wh r t r a ewelpla df cua algai ns ds umet i ve a iy
o c uso ; nd 2) e e he e r l- e de a t l le to , a s her r ct
a t de e newhet t y pl i y gi rs t a e il entt r i .'Wvl D e al
nd hen t nui
her he ausbl ve i e o n nttem
o elef'' . nt

As o .v Ci a Co p. 6 F. 1 3 1 0 ( 1h Ci.2 0 ( otn I al 1 S. .a
s c . gn r , 05 3d 28 , 29 1 t r 01 ) qu ig qb , 29 Ct t
l 5 . TheTwo y Co r e p e sy noe t tRul 8doe û otr qu r hegh e e f c
9 0)
mbl u t x r s l td ha e
s i e ie i t n d a t
n
pl ng ofs fcs ' a t a c pl nts d onl be dim i s wher t pl ntf s
eadi
pecii ,' nd hat om ai houl
y
s s ed
e he ai if
çhave notnudge t i c ai s ac os t lne f om conc vabl t pl bl ' 550 U . a
d
d her l m
r s he i r
ei e o ausi e.'
S. t
570.

1 1.ANA LYSI
1
S
Def
endantU nie St t of Am erca m oves t dim i s Pl ntf M i haelH aser s
t d a es
i
o s s ai i f c
i '

Ame e Co antfrlc ofs j c matrj idito DE #7 a 1.Ha irb s s
nd d mpli o a k ube t te urs cin.(
, t ) se a e
s b e tmatr u idito s eyu nt FTCA.Pus ntt 28U. C.j1 6( ( ) t
u jc te j rs cin oll po he
rua o
S. 34 b)1,he
FTCA w a vest U nie St t sove e gn i m uniy f
i he t d a es'
ri m
t orne i ncecl i sarsng outoft
glge
am
ii
he
ac orom i s on ofû em pl
t
si
l
any
oyee oft Gover e w hie ac i w ihi t s
he
nm nt l tng t n he cope ofhi
s

ofi or e pl ent undercicum s ances whe e t U nie St e ,i a prva e per on,
fce
m oym ,
r
t
r he
t d at s f
i t
s

w oul be labl t t c ai a i a da wih t l w oft pl wher t ac or
d
i e o he l m nt n ccor nce t he a
he ace
e he t
om i son occ r d.' Si t ac i i t pr s cas oc r i Fl i Fl i 1
si
ur e ' nce he ton n he e ent e cur ed n orda, orda aw
contol
r s.

l t sc s ,heUnie Sae atc t Co tss j c matrurs cin, r ui
n hi a e t
td tts ta ks he ur' ub e t te j idito ag ng
t ts r gn i m uniy w a notwai a t Unied St t ow e no dut t H a e under
ha ove ei m
t s
ved, s he t
a es d
y o sir
contoli Fl i lw a no empl
r lng orda a nd
oyee oft Unied St t c
he t
a es omm it at tousac i i
ted or i
ton n

ti c s ,( #8 a 9 .A d fnd n ma atc s b e t te j rs ito i t dfee
hs a e DE , t ) ee a t y ta k u j c matr u idcin n wo ifrnt
wa s - f c al a d f cual M c ase v Unie St ts 1 7 F.d 9 6,9 ( iig
y
a il n a t l
y
y. M tr . td a e , 7 3 3 40 c tn

Lawr nc v Dun ar 91 F. 1 ,1 -9( 1hCi.9 ( rc iml.l t prs n
e e . b , 9 2d 525 5282 1 t r1 90) pe ura ) n he e e t
c s ,h Unie Sae b igsafcua atc ons j c matr u idcin.( #7 a 7)
a e te td tts rn
a t l ta k ube t te j rs ito DE , t .
A f ual a t ck dif s s t ntaly f om a f ci atac ton a f ala t ck,a
act
ta
fer ubs a i l r
a al t k. l
aci ta

pl itf i a f r ds f gu r ssmia t t epr vi di o posngaRul 1 ( ( )mo i n
an if s fo de a e a d i lr o hos o de n p i
e 2 b)6 to
-

t c tm us c de t alega i oft com pl i t betue, when t a t k i
he our
t onsi r he l tons he
ant o
r but
he tac s

f cua,t tilc ur ma pr e d a i n ve c ul un r 1 ( )6 o Fe R. V. 56 '
a t l he ra o t y oc e s t e r o d de 2 b ( ) r d. Ci P. .
5
Lawr n e 91 F.d a 1 29(ntr l iai nso te .W ihaf cua at c t til o t
e c , 9 2 t 5 i e na ctto mi d) t a t l ta k,he ra c ur
t
can S e gh t evi nce and s i f is fast t exi t nce ofispowert hea t c e.
i i he de
w
ats y t el
o he s e
t
o r he as
I s t no pr um ptvetut ul sa t hest pl i if salegatons a t exit nceof
n hor,
es
i r hf nes tac
o a ntf
l i , nd he s e

diput m at ralf t w ilnotpr ude t ti cour f om e ua i f is ft m ert
s ed e i ac s l
ecl he r al
tr
val tng or t el he is
ofJ i di tona cl m s. 1
' s c i l ai ' d.
ur
'
Haserr i uponfawr e t s
i eles
enc o uppor t poston t t Cour s dnotdi m is
t he ii hat he
t houl
s s

4

t ca H asera guest t f ct atac i t scas i plca esa el entoft ca e
he se. i r
hat he a ual t k n hi e m i t n em
he us
ofac i a i a es est dut ow e by t Unied St t t H as e . ( #8,a 6 . l
ton, s t ddr s he y
d
he t
a es o
i r DE
t) n
flwr e,t Cour not t ti ca es i whi t a t k i plca es an el entoft
cnc he
t ed ha n s n
ch he tac m i t
em
he
ca e ofac i t e i ia gr t rl velofpr ec i t t pl ntf w ho i tut i f ci
us
ton, her s $ ea e e
ot ton o he ai if
n r h s a ng

a c l nge t t valdiy of hi c ai :t de e nt i f ced t pr ed under Rul
hale
o he i t
s l m he f nda s or
o oce
e

1 b)6). r Rul 5 . t o whih plc g e t r srcins o t ditit c ur'
2( ( .o
.
e 6.. h f c a e r a etito n he src o ts
bo
dicr i ' 1 H a s ra guest tt sûgr erl lofpr ec i 's d a l hi cl m
s eton.' d. i e r
ha hi d eat eve
ot ton' houl low s ai

t s r i t M o int Dimis ( #8 a 7 .Th , i fa e c , se a g s S h
o u vvt he to o s s . DE , t ) us usng wr n e Ha ir r ue ,i e
t

prpe c ureo a to frtedsrc c ur . i t fndt turs ci e ssa d a wih
o r o s f cin o h itit o t. s o i ha j iditon xit nd e l t
.
teo jcina adrc atc o temeisoftepli ifsc s ' La e c , 1 F. a
h b e to s ie t ta k n h rt h antf a e. wr n e 9 9 2d t
'
1 2 ( u tn Wilams n v Tu k r 6 F. 40 41 ( t Ci.1 1 )
5 9 q o i g li o , c e , 45 2d 4, 2 5h r 98 ).
How e r H as e ' r i nc upon Lawr
ve , i r s ela e
encei m ipl
s s aced,ast a l tonsm a a
he lega i
de nd
f t pr e ed i
ac s es nt nLawr edonot alel hepr s ac i fawre i vedada ages
enc
par l t
e ent ton.
nce nvol
m
cl m r uli fom aca acci ntbew eent o aut obies onedrven by a e pl yeeof
ai es tng r
r de
t
w
om l ,
i
n m o

t Unied St t f a gover e w ho had i bi t m uc att ofi Chr sm as
he t
a es eder l
nm nt
m bed oo
h he fce
it
pa t a t ot rdrven by t pl ntf . Lawr ,91 F. a 1
ry nd he he i
he ai if
ence 9 2d t 526. The di ti cour
srct
t

dimisdt c s frlc ofs j c matru idcinofhes ib o ht nde t FTCA.
s se he a e o a k ube t te j rs ito t ut r ug u rhe
1 The El vent Cicui r ve s r oni ç-he exit nce ofpl ntf sca e ofac i
d.
e h r t e r ed, eas ng s'
l
se
ai i f us
ton

d p nd o whehe (he f d r le o e wa a tng wi n t c u s a s o ofhi
e e s n t r t e e a mplye ) s ci
t he o r e nd c pe
hi
s

e o n .The pe t ntiq r wilr s ve b0h t q sin o s j c matr
mplyme t
ri
ne n uiy l eol
t he ueto f ube t te
5

j rs ito a dan c s a yee n o t t r c am. I a 1 2
u id ci n n e e s r lme t f he o t li ' d. t 5 9.TheCo t o nd,s he
'
ur f u S n
W

t j rs ito lbai ofacam i itrwi dwiht meis t dsrc c ur s ul
he u idcina ss
li s net ne t he rt, he itit o t ho d
a l aRue 5 s mmayj me sa ad whe r ig o amoi t dimiswhih
ppy
l 6 u r udg nt tnd r
n uln n
ton o s s
c

as rsafcua at c o s j c matr u idito 'L a 1 3 s eW ila on, 45F.
se t a t l ta k n ube t te j rs cin. 4.t 5 0, e lims 6 2d
'
a 415- The El vent Cic t not how e r t lm ied scope of is hol ng:çW e
t
16.
e h r ui ed,
ve , he i t
t
di t
expr sno opi on on t m ert oft pl i if sc ai . e si pl hol t tundert 1 w
es
ni
he
is he a ntf l m W
m y d ha
he a

o t scrui..e r lcamss ul n b dimis d o mo i n f lc ofs j c matr
f hi ic t. de a l i ho d ot e s s e n to or a k ub e t te
f

j idcinwhe t tdeemiain i itr s dwiht meisoft cam a wh n
urs ito
n ha tr n to s neme he t he rt he li nd e
t r i adiput ast am a e i lf ct' Lawr e,919 F. at1530he e s s e o
t r a a .'
enc
2d
31.

Furt m or t El vent Cic texpr sy s a ed t tt hol ng i t scas does
her e, he e h r ui
es l t t ha he di n hi e

no me nt tadsrc c ur c nne rdimisafdea cam frlc o s b e tmatr
t a ha itit o t a ve s s e rl li o a k f u j c te
j rs cinwhe ve ad cso o s jc matrurs cinas i iae t s tni
uidito
ne r e iin n ube t te j idito lo mplc tshe ubsa tve
m e isoft cl i . Lawr t919F. a 1530, 7.W he et pl ntf scl m sa e
rt
he am See
ence
2d t
FN
r he ai if ai r

d la l i tra,ma s ey frt p po e o obani j rs ito o aewhol
s e ry mmaeil de oll o he ur s f ti ng u idcin r r
c
ly
u ubsa itd a fi ous't c ur s ul dimist cam . 1 .( uo i Eat v
ns tntat nd rvol , he o t ho d s s he l i d q tng on .
'

Do c e trDe e o ntI c , 92F.d 7 73 ( 1h Ci.1 2) ; e aloBelv Hoo
r h se v lpme , n . 6 2 27, 4 1 t r 98 ) s e s l . d,
3 7U . 67 ( 9 ) I La e c , he ewa ad s ut a t am ae i lf c : 1 t ve y
2 S. 8 1 46 . n wr n e t r s ip e s o
t ra a t ( he r
At
l s ,t e a e cont ctng f t i e e
ea t her r
li i ac ual nf r ncest tc d bedr
ha oul
awn f om t f ct bef e t
r he a s or he
cour aboutwhe he unba asa i ihi hes
t
t rD
rw ctngw t nt copeofhi e pl entwhenhea t nded
s m oym
te
t Chrs m a pa tesand afe wa dsw a i ved i t a om obie ac dent' I at1530.
he it s ri
tr r
s nvol
n he ut
l ci .' d.

6

Suc i nott c e he e.
h s
he as r

I t pr e ac i t ear no diput f t a
n he es nt ton,her e
s ed ac s boutt posii oft U nie St t
he
ton he t d a es
i r d t t hous ng unis I i undiput d t t U nie St t had e e ed i o a
n egar o he
i
t. t s
s e hat he
t d a es
nt r nt
cont a w ih H a r Pepper gi ng H a r Pepper t r ponsbiiy f t s e y of t
r ct t
ry
, vi
ry
he es
i lt or he af t
he
hous ng unis. The Unied St t ow ed no dut t t Hase ,a e pl
i
t
t
a es
y o he
i r n m oyee ofOH C,t
he
s ontac orhied by Har y Pepper The cont a be ween t U nie St es a H a r
ubc r t
r
r
.
r ct t
he
t d at nd r y

Pe ri l de r viinst a l a
ppe ncu dp o so h t l nype pe pe f r t e ti e is n o h r te s'(
p r ro m t ranr par a d t e mat r . DE
c
'
#8 a 4) Plitf f t rç g e st tt go mme tdi pur r t d lgaec ran s ft
, t . an if urhe s r e ha he ve n d po t o ee t e ti a ey
a
r s nsb lte t Ha Pe ra d iss c nta t r . ( #8 a 5 .
e po i iiis o ny ppe n t ub o r co s' DE , t )
'
I d,Has e ar
ndee
i r guesonl t t U nied St esow ed adut t hi iduet isac i
y hat he t
at
y o m û o t tve
pa tc pa i i t m anne i whi h t w or w asbei per or ed,a i pa tcul how t
ri i ton n he
rn
c he k
ng f m
nd n r i ar
he

empl
oyeesw e e bei hous ' 1 at6.H as e a l gest tt Unied St es S ci e
r
ng
ed.' d.
i r le
ha he
t
at i
exer s d
extem e contolove t
r
r
r hem bot w ih t as ur
h t he s ancesofs et oft sruc ur asw el ast
af y he t t e
l he

Scode of Conduc ' i r r a1 t empl
i
t' t equied l he
oyees t a r whie hous d i t N a
o dhe e
l
e n he vy
H ousng.' I N o f ualalegatons a e m ade r gar ng t r e oft Unied St es i
i ' d.
act
l i
r
e di he ol
he
t
at n
r e a i m ol or ens i t s et of t housng unis under t cont ol of H a r
em di tng
d
urng he af y
he
i
t
he
r
ry
Pe
pper The Unied St t cont
.
t
a es
endst t r i no e denc t t Unied St esas um e
hat he e s
vi e hat he t
at s d

t dut t r edi e t m ol i t hous ng unis or t e ur t t t wer s e f
he y o em at he
d n he
i
t
o ns e ha hey
e af or

c n r co e o e s- t r ug c n r oft p o e to o he wie.( #1 ,a 4 . Th s
o ta t r mpl y e h o h o tol he r j c r t r s DE 4 t ) i
Cour a e
t gr es.

7

Undercont oli Fl i l w ,ûonewho hiesa i pe ntcontac ori notla e
r lng orda a t
r n nde nde
r t s
ibl

f rij re s ti db t tc ta t ' e o e si pef r n t i wok. J n o v
o nu is usane y ha onrcors mply e n romig her r ' oh s n
'
.

Boc Rat C? y Ho p.l . 98 So. 5 ,5 ( ii Ce ieRe or,Lt v Ho an on,
a on n/ . s , nc, 5 2d 93 95 ctng c l s t d. . k s
.

72 So.d 446 4 ( a Dit Ct App.1 99 ( di t tr s r o e wa n la eon
9 2
, 47 Fl . s. .
9 ) hol ng ha e o t wn r s ot ibl

g n r ln glg nc o p e s s la lt camsfrij re s ti d b a i e nd n
e e a e ie e r r mie ibiiy li o nu is usane y n nd pe e t
c nr co whoha b e hie t pan ata po e ) An e e to t t ge e a r ee ss
o ta t r
d e n r d o it l g ll.
xc p i n o he n r l ul xit
i t ow nerhasbe da i y pa tci tng i t consr ton t t ext t he die l
f he
en lctvel ri pa i n he
tuc i o he ent hat
r cty
i l nce t m anne i w hi h t w or i pe f r ed.'M oral s v.W ei,44 So. 173,1
ntue s he
rn
c he k s r o m
'
e
l
3d
76

( a Dit Ct Ap 201 ; e aloJo s ,985 So.d a 5 - 6;Co ln v Co n,287
Fl . s. . p. 0) s e s hn on
2 t 95 9
nk i . he
So. 5 6 ( a 1 3) Thea n ofc n r ne de t pir et s ed o la l ymus
2d 6, 0 Fl. 97 .
mou t o tol e d o e c he hi l f ibii
t
t
be e ensve. 1 I
xt i
d. ndeed,eve i a ow ne ' r pr e a i w aspr e att consr i
n fn
r s e es nt tve
es nt he
tucton

st f t pur e ofa s i t tt cont a com pled w ih t pl ns a s fca i
ie or he pos
s urng ha he
r ct
i
t he a nd pecii tons
f heconsr ton,a ownerw ilnotber pons bl f acontac or' s f t ol tons Ciy
ort
tuc i n
l
es
i e or
r t s a e yvi a i
t
.

o M imiv Pe e ,5 9 So.d 34 3 ( a.Dit Ct App. 1 7 ,s e as Sk w v
f a . rz 0
2 3, 47 F1 s. .
98 ) e lo o .

De rme o r s rain, 68So.d4 ( a DitCtAp 1 ) Co dr v Ci o
pa t ntfT anpo tto 4
2 22 F1. s. . p. 985 ; u y . t f
y
Tiu v l , So.d 1 ( a DitCt Ap 1 3 ;V n a v Wrght3 So.d 1 70( a
t s il 438 2 97 F1 . s . . p. 98 ) or dr n . i , 67 2 0 Fl .
e
Dit Ct App.,c r. e i d, 78 So. 35 ( a.1 79)
s. . ) e t d n e 3
2d 0 F1 9 .
l t pr entcas Pl i ifalegesno f t i ca i t tt U nied St t ha a
n he es
e, antf l
ac s ndi tng ha he t
a es d ny
pa tci ton i t ac i tes c
ri pa i n he tvii onduct by Har y Pepper The Pl i ifdoesnotalege t
ed
r
.
a ntf
l hat

any oft t tousa i w e ecom m it by ofs r orem pl soft U nie St es At
he ori
ctons r
ted
tce s
oyee
he t d at
.

8

m os ,Pl ntf s a es t he w as t d by Li ut na Com m a
t ai i f t t hat
ol
e e nt
nder Gr y V i t t t
egor nci ha he

buidi ha be i pe ed,had be cl ed and w ass e. ( #8 a 4) I i ge r lyt
l ng d en ns ct
en ear
af DE , t . t s ne a l he
prm e r s
i
e ponsbiiy of t cont a t - m pl
i lt
he
r c or e oyer t compl w ih sa e y r gul i .
o
y t f t e atons

Vo n a 3 So, a 1 1 s eFl. t t j 40.6( 971 .He e i i un s t dt a Har
r dr n, 67 2d t 07 , e a S a . 4 5 1 ) r ,t s dipu e h t ry
Pe
pperw a r s
s e ponsbl f i pec i and cl rng t housng unis. The Unied St t di
i e or ns tng
ea i he
i
t
t
a es d

note r s t a ountort ofcontolorpari pa i t w oul gi rs t la lt f
xe cie he m
ype
r
tci ton hat
d ve i e o i biiy or
rs
e ponsbiii sdel edt an i pe ntcontac or.Thus t Unied St t i notla e
i lte
egat o nde nde
r t
, he t
a es s
i bl
underFl i l w f t neglgence cl m .
or da a or he
i
ai

TheUnie Sttsi ge r l i
td ae s neal mmun fo s tii s be tos tonl is a a i
y
e r m ui;t s u j c t ui y n ofr s t
h swave iss ve e g i niy.Co gn v Uni dSt ts 1 F.d 1 6 ( 1h Ci.
a i d t o r i n mmu t
mpa oni . t a e , 73 3 3 9 1 t r
e

1 99 , e Uni dst tsv S r d, 2U. 5 4 ( 9 ) Si c t Unie S ae d dno
9 ) s e t a e . he woo 31 S. 8 1 41 . n e he t d t ts i t
e

wav s veeg i niyun rt FTCA, bai frs j c matrj idcine ss
ie o rin mmu t de he
no ss o ube t te urs ito xit.
Thus H ase scl m m us be dim is
, ir' ai
t
s s ed.
V.C ON CLUSI N
O
A fe ca ef cons der ton a bei f l advied by t br ef and m em or nda of
t r r ul
i a i nd ng uly
s
he i s
a
c
ouns ,i i he eby
el t s r

O RD ER ED ,AD JUDG ED ,and DECR EED asf l s:
olow

De e a tUnt d Stt sofAme ia sM o i t Dimis( # b ,a
f nd n ie ae
rc ' ton o s s DE 7) e nd
t s m e i ,he eby G R AN TED ,
he a s r

Thi c s i DI I ED wihoutpr j c . Pl itf s l ha t n y
s a e s SM SS
t
e udi e an if ha l ve we t
9

( )da st fl a Ame e Compl i .
20 y o ie n
nd d
ant
The Cl r s lC LOSE t scas
e k hal
hi e.
4.

Al ot pendi m otons a e DENI A S M O O T.
1 her
ng
i
r
ED

D O NE and O RD ERED i Cha be sa t J m esLa r
n
m r t he a
w enceK i Fede a J tce
ng
r l us i

Buidi a Unied St esCourhous M im i Fl i ,t s30t da ofSe em ber
l ng nd t
at
t e, a , orda hi h y
pt
,
2011.

S LA
N CE K I G
N
UN I
TED STA TES D I
STRI J D GE
C

CC:

Couns f Pl ntf
el or ai if
J r y D wi Sa
er
ght nder
s
Ver s & Bow lng ofK e W e t P. .
ni
i
y s, A
1 Si ont St ee
009 m on r t
Suie 3
t
Key W e t FL 33040
s,
Couns f Def
el or
endent
Ant
hony Pogor s
zelki
U S Ator y' O fi
t ne s fce
99 N E 4t St e
h r et
Suie 335
t
M i i FL 331
am ,
32

10