Voss v. City of Key West, Florida

Filing 75

ORDER Granting In Part and Denying In Part 58 Motion for Summary Judgment as to Relief and Damages. Signed by Senior Judge James Lawrence King on 10/17/2014. (jw)

UNI
TED STATES DI
STRI COURT
CT
FOR TH E SOUTHERN DI
STRI OF FLORI
CT
DA
KEY W EST DI SI N
VI O
CASE NO . 4: 3- v- 01 JLK
: 1 c 1 06KAREN CABANAS VOSS,
Pl i i f
a ntf ,
VS.

CI OF KEY W EST,
TY
FLORI
DA,
De e nt
f nda .
ORDER GRANTI I PART AND DENYI I PART PLAI FF' M OTI FO R
NG N
NG N
NTI S
ON
SUM M ARY JUDG M ENT AS TO RELI AND DAM AGES
EF
THI CAU SE has c
S
ome be o e t Co tu
f r he ur pon Pl ntf Vos ' M oton f Summar
ai if
ss
i or
y

J d me ta t De lrt r a d Ij n tv Reifa d Da g s ( # ) Th Co r ha i
u g n s o caao y n nu cie l n ma e DE 58 . e u t vng
e

ar a y ga td Plitf Vo s s mmay j d me ta ans t e Ci a t l b ly ( # 3 ,
le d r ne an if s u r u g n g i t h t s o i ii DE 5 )
y
a t
Plit fVo sno se ssl r j d me ta t t e rle to ng fo t Ci s l b l y
ani s w e k t
f
mmay u g n s o h eif l wi r m he t i ii .
y' a t
-' sM o i i f ly bre e la t Co the r or la g nton t s M o i on Se e be
1hi
ton s ' l i f d, nd he ur a d a r ume
u
hi
ton
ptm r
25,201
4.

Pli ifs e by t i t n mo i a fndi t ts i e tte t da ag ,a a s rs
antf e ks he nsa t ton i ng ha he s n ild o m es nd s e t

t tt ei no ge nei s ofma e i f tt ts s d b awa de bac pa i t a ot
ha her s
nui s ue
t ral ac ha he houl e
r d k y n he m mt

of$ 1 ,219. 2icu ie o p eud me titr s.I a dto t t i a u t Pli tf s e s
1 1 03, n lsv f rj g n nee t n d iin o hs mo n , anif e k
b0 h a f r a fna decar ton fo t s Co tt tt Ciy' mandaor dr t si polc i
t
o m l i l l ai r m hi ur ha he t s
t y ug e tng iy s

u c n tt to a , n ap r n n ij n t n a an ti f ttea pl ai n. eCi ag e i i
n o siuin la d ema e t nu ci g is t ut p i to Th t r u s n t
o
s r
c
y
s
Ies ei Opposto frtt tPli it a ana i ntf e oy,s dno bee ild t
t pons n
iin is ha antf s pplca or mpl houl t ntte o
cn es a ale a i l t tt n
lmag , nd t m tve y, ha he mountofda a t be a r i i f ti diput a
m ges o
wa ded s n ac n s e nd

t a b t d ma e a d miiain ae is e t a s o l b lf t tej r Dee da tf rh r
h t o h n g s n t t r su s h t h u d e et o h u y. fn n u te
g o
1
Dee n fldisRes ei Opposton( #60) onJ y23, 4,a Pl ntf fld
fnda t ie t pons n
ii DE
, ul 201 nd ai if ie
isRe yi Suppor ofisMoton ( #66)onJ y30, 4.
t pl n
t t
i DE
ul 201
Pe Pl ntf sRe y i Suppor oft i tntM oton ( /66 ,Pli ifi no l er
r ai if pl n
t he nsa
i DE / ) antf s ong
s e ng andhaswihdr wn a cli f fon pa
e ki
t a
ny a m or r t y.

a gue t tade a a i t tt Ciy' polc i unconsiuton i unne es a y,orat r tvel
r s ha
clr ton ha he t s iy s
tt i al s
c sr
le na i y,

ta t d caain Plitf s e sb isM oin i o eb o d,a d t tap r ne tij n to
h t he e lrto anif e k y t to s v r r a n ha e ma n nu cin
a ns t polc sf u e a ia i i ur c s y be us t woul tty t a y i e r
gai t he i y' ut r pplc ton s me es ar ca e hey
dn' r o ppl t ve

a an i lg to t i Co r' p irr l g o l bit , ratr ai l t tt eij n to s u h
g i n ih f hs u ts ro ui n i l y o le n t y,ha h n u ci n o g t
n
a i
ve
by Pli ifi ove br
antf s r oad. de c i mor f l beow,t Cour Endst tPl i ifsM oton
As s rbed
e uly l
he
t
ha antf
i

s d be g a ed i pa ta d e i pa t a t tt s ca e s d pr e t tilon t
houl
r nt n r nd enid n r, nd ha hi s houl oce d o ra
he
is s of n
s ue
mountofda a s o d t Pl i if a t r as bl nes ofPl ntf s e f t t
m ge we o antf nd he e ona e s
ai if fors o
m ii t he da
tgae r mage .Ast Cou tas ur d t Pa te ator la glm e ,t Cour s lt ke up
s
he
r s e he ris
a r l nt he
t hal a

is e o d caao yr le a d ij n o a trtetil
su s f e lrt r eif n nu din fe h ra .
1.

B ac
kground

The f c s bac ound,a l a i s unde l ng t s c e a e a quael de al i
a t , kgr
nd eg l s ues
ryi hi as r de t y t ied n
t s Cour' M ay 9, 201 Or r Gr ntng Pli ifs M o i f Sum ma y J gm e a t
hi
ts
4 de
a i
antf
ton or
r ud nt s o

Libl y( #5 ) a dn e no b r p ae i d p hh r i.
a ii DE 3 , n e d t e e e td n e t een
t
Bre l s ma ie a asr lva t t i t ntM o i t Cour ha ar a f
ify um rz d, nd
ee nt o he nsa
ton, he
t s le dy ound
t tt Ciy' polc ofs pi i e spr - m pl e tdr g t si ofal a i nt f e oy
ha he t s i y
us conl s e e oym n u e tng
1 pplca s or mpl
wih t Ciy,r ar es ofposton, a id t Pli tf Vos ' a plca i f e oyme as
t he t eg dl s
ii as pple o a n if s s p i ton or mpl
nt
t e Ciy o Key W es' So i W ase Coor na or wa unconsiutonal Pl ntf s r f s l t
'
i t f
ts ld
t
di t , s
tt i . ai if e u a o
c
ompl wih t s u
y t hi nconsiutonal pr - mpl
tt i
e e oyment co to r s t d i t Ciy' ofe of
ndii n e ule n he t s f r

e lyb igr s id d, ndtej bwa o fr dt s me n es .
mpo en e cn e a h o s fe e o o o e le
l.
I

Le St ndar on Sum mar Judgment
gal a
d
y

S mmayj d me ti a p o raewheet p e dn sa d s p o t gmaeil e tbls
u r u g n s p r p it r he la ig n u p ri
n tras sa ih
t tt r i no ge ne i s ast a ma e i f c and t tt movi pa t i en ild t
ha he e s
nui s ue
o ny t ral a t
ha he
ng ry s tte o

j g n a amatro lw.S eFe R. v P. 6 Ceo e Cop. . tet47 U. 31 , 2
ud me t s te f a e d. Ci. 5 ; ltx r v Car t, 7 S. 7 3 2
( 9 6 .S eofteprn ia p mo e o t s mma yj g n r l i t io aea d ds s o
18 ) s
on h icp l u s s f he u r ud me t ue s o s lt n ipo e f
f t ly uns
acua l
uppore cl msorde e es' Cel e 477 U. a 323
td ai
f ns .' otx,
S. t -24.

The movi pa t bea s t bu d ofpoi tng t t pa toft r c d t ts
ng ry r he r en
n i o he r
he e or ha howst
he
a e e ofa ge ne is ofma e ilf c .Se Adi e v S.- Kr s t Co. 398 U . 1 1
bs nc
nui s ue
t ra a t e ck s . I
L es f ,
S. 44, 57

2

( 9 0 ; ln v T o Fo d ,I c,1 F.d 6 2 6 6 ( 1h Ci.1 9 ) On et emo n pat
1 7 ) Ale . ys n o s n . 21 3 4 , 4 1 t r 9 7 . c h vig ry
esa ihest a e e ofa ge ne is ofm aera f c ,t btr n s fs t t nonmovi
t bls he bs nc
nui s ue
t il a t he lde hit o he
ng
pl y t go be
m o
yond t pl a ngs a desg t S pe ii f c s s
he e di
nd i na e t c fc a t howi t tt r i a ge ne
s
ng ha he e s
nui

is ef rtil' Ceoe , 7 U. a 3 4; e as Ch n lI c v Ia inAcie a o a, n .
s u o ra. l tx 4 7 S. t 2 s e lo a e, n . . tla tv we r fFl .I c,
'
93 F.d 1 7 ,1 7 ( 1h Ci.1 91 (o dn t tteno vn pa t mus ç o f r r
1 2 4 2 47 1 t r 9 ) h l ig ha h nmo ig ry t f me o wa d
c
wih sgni a , o tvee de ede tai t e se eofatibl is offct')
t i fc ntpr bai vi nc monsrtng he xitnc
ra e sue a . .
'

i u r j d me tma b i a p o rae e n wh r te p risa r e o t e b sc
t mmay u g n y e n p r p it ve ee h a t g e n h a i
s
e
t t,butdia e a
àc s
s gr e boutt f t li e e e t ts ul be d a fom t s f ct.'War i
he acua nf r nc s ha ho d
r wn r he e a s'
ror

Tombi e Tr p.Co. I .v M/ Nan Fun 695 F. 1 1 (11h Ci.1 3) On a
gbe ans
, nc . V
g,
2d 294, 296 t r 98 .

moinf rs mmayj d me tt ec u t s v e tee ie c a rs lea1nfrn e i t
to o u r u g n ,h o r mu t iw h vd n e nd e ov 1 i ee c s n he
lghtm os f vor bl t t nonmovi pary.Se Ande s v fi ry Lobb I ,477 U . 242,
i
t a a e o he
ng t
e
r on . be t
y, nc.
S.

2 5( 98 ) Ho ve,ameesitlao e ie c i s p o to t no vngp ry sp sto
5 1 6 . we r
r cnil f vd n e n u p r f he nmo i at ' o iin

i is fkint od fa amo in frsl r j d me t S ei a 2 2 I t e ie c o fr d
s n u f e t ee t to o l
mmay u g n . e d. t 5 . f he vd n e fe e
b t eno mo n pa t i me ey c oa l o i no sg fc nl p o aie s mmayj d me t
y h n vig ry s rl olr be r s t iniia ty r b tv , u r u g n
i pr per Se i a 249
s o . e d. t -50.
11 .
1

A nal i
ys s

Ha ig etb ih dla l y Plitf n w mo e f rsl r j dg n a ans teCiy
vn sa ls e ibit , anif o
i
vso t
mmay u me t g i t h t
on t is ofr le t be ac or d he d t t Ciy' vi a i ofhe c tt i lrght .
he sue e if o
c de r ue o he t s olton
r onsiutona i s

S ecamsta t eei n g n ieis eo fc , n ta s ei e tte t sz r j g n a
h li h t h r s o e un su f a t a d h t h s n i d o l
l
mmay ud me t s
a ma troflw,o bot t is ofe il m e t dn a sand t n oun oft e dn
te
a n h he s ues ntte nt o m ge
he m t hos mage .
s

Sh frh rcamsta s mmayj d me ti a p o raea t t er a o a ln s o h re f rs
e u te li h t u r u g n s p r p it s o h e s n b e e s f e fo t
t mii t he da
o tga e r mage .Fi l Pl ntf a t s sag s e a fnaldec a a i t tt Ciy'
s naly, ai if t hi t e e ks i
l r ton ha he t s

poiy i u c n ttto a ,a d r q et a p r n n ij n to a an t t e p lc s ft r
l s n o si in l n e u ss ema e t nu cin g is h o iy' u u e
c
u
e o me t Asd suse b lw,h Co r fn st a sz r j d me ti a p o raeo l o
mply n . ic s d eo t e u t i d h t l
mmay u g n s p r p it ny n
t i s ofe tteme t da ges butt tbo h t n ountofdn a a t r a ona e s
he s ue n il nt o ma ,
ha t he m
m ges nd he e s bl nes

o h r tg to ef rsaei h r nl f c q e to st b lf t tej r
f e mi ai n fo t r n ee ty a t u sin o e et o h u y.
i

a. E ntt e e t D am age
il m nt o
s

Pli if cai e il me t mone da a ,s cii aly bac pa on t prncpl
antf l ms ntte nt o
y m ges pe fc l
k y,
he i i e

t tf n a e ly rrf s st hieaj b a pl a tf ra u c nsiu in lr a o ,teCo r
ha ç
whe n mp o e e u e o r o p i n o n n o t to a e s n h u t
c
t
s o l a r t j b a l a te utbe rme islk t s s e wo d rc ie i a Til VI
h ud wad he o ppi n q ia l e de i e ho e h ul e ev n te I
c
a o ,i ldn ba k p y. ( # 6 a 2 Se Ha kesv Swe n I de Sc .Dit, 2 F.d
din ncu ig c a ' DE 6 t ) e r ls . e y n p. h s. 4 7 2
'

31 , 324( tCi.1 7 )(te to 1 8 wa d sg e t p o i eac mp e e sverme yf rt e
9
s
5h r 9 0 û ci n 9 3 s e in d o r v d o r h n i e d o h
de i ton off de a consiutona a sa ut y rg s Thepr ye f bac pa i nota c am
prvai
e rl
tt i l nd tt or i ht .
a r or k y s
li

f d ma e , b t i a itg a pat o t e e ui bl rme y o ij n tv ri sae n .
br a g s u s n n e r l r f h q t e e d f n u cie en ttme t
a
Re nsae e i ves a r t n o t pli tf s t t posto t y hed be or t al ged
i t tm nt nvol
eur f he a n if o he ii ns he
l f e he le
unco tt i lf iur t r ne t rc r c s An i xti a e pa toft r t ai t pror
nsiutona al e o e w hei onta t .
ne rc bl r
he esor ton o i
sa us i t pa m e of bac wage pr ry owi t t pl ntfs di i s d by t i
tt s he y nt
k
s ope l
ng o he ai if , m nihe
her
e r i ,i any,i t i e i .Ba k pa i me ey a ee e of t e tbl r m e o
a n ngs f
n he ntrm
c
y s r l n lm nt
he quia e e dy f

ri ttme t)3G u ma ki v Co t n o, 2 F.d 1 1 ,1 20 21( d Ci.1 8 )( odigt a
ensae n' ; r n n
'
sa z 6 6 2 1 5 1 - 3 r 9 0 h l n h t
.

unco tt i lpolc r s tng i r f a t hie r quie e t bl r medi co pa abl t
nsiutona
iy e uli n e us l o r e r d quia e e
es m r e o

Til VI rme is icu igb c p y a dr a o igt a ttheei n dsicin i t e1w o
te I e de ,n ldn a k a , n e s nn h t l l r s o itn to n h a f
l
e t bl r m e e be we n s t br ht t r Til V1 a s t br
quia e e di s t e uis oug mde te l nd uis ought i r la o 42
n ei nce n

U. C. 1 5 Coursdicusi t rme ofba kpayi t sram ha rf re t iaso
S. s 983.)
t s sng he e dy
e
n hi e l ve e erd o t ne

o t eme n t ç k whoe'nu e plitfs Se , . ,Gu ma kn, 2 F.da 1 21
f h a s o s e l'ij r d an if. e eg. r n i 6 6 2 t 1 .
ma
The Ciy a gues t t Pl i if s d not be e il d t m one dnmage prnci l
t r
ha antf houl
ntte o
y
s i paly
be a e s wa note racualy e oye by t ct t tt r i a dif e e bet e a
c us he s
ve t l mpl d
he iy, ha he e s
fer nc
we n n
a ia a a empl yee,a t a oprae r le t be a or d he t r f e i smpl
pplc nt nd n
o
nd he ppr i t ei f o
cc de
r he e or s i y

ij n tv r l f ( # 0 a 5 .l g a tn Pli t fsM oi n f rSu r J d me ta t
nu cie ei . DE 6 t ) n rn ig ani
e
f
to o mma y u g n s o
l b l y teCou t le d d atwi a drj ce t eCiy' ag me t h tPli t fssau a a
i ii ,h
a t
r ar a y e l t n ee td h t s r u n t a ani tts s n
h
f
a i nt r t t n a e oye de eas he c tt i l c am s Se Or r Gr ntng
pplca aher ha n mpl e f t r onsiutona l i . e de
a i

Su
mmm' J d me ta t Lib ly, # 3a 1 -1 . eCi whoh d o frd P an ift ej b
y u g n s o a ii DE 5 t 2 3 Th t
t
y,
a fee litf h o
'

I Bo ne v Ci o Prc ar 6 F.d 1 0 1 0 ( 1h Ci.1 81 (n b n ) t
n n r . t f ih d, 61 2 2 6, 2 9 1 t r 9 ) e a c , he
y

Elve h Cic ta ed a bi ng pr ce nta 1decsonsof t f r r Fit Cicui ha d
e nt r ui dopt s ndi
e de l
ii
he o me fh r t nde
down pro t Oc obe 1,1981
ir o t r
.
4

a gi n he a sa tdae,i
nd ve
r t r- t mpos d a unc tt tonal pr e n
onsiu i
e empl e c ton, a he
oym nt ondii
nd r
r f s lt c
e u a o ompl wih t tunc tt i lc ton r ule i he no ge tng hied.Ha ng
y t ha
onsiutona ondii es t d n r t ti
r
vi
f
ound t Ciy' polcy t ha vi a e Pl i ipsc tt ina rght,ir s c i ofhersa us
he t s i o ve olt d antf onsiuto l i s re pe tve
tt

a a a p ia to a e o e ,t e Co r mu tsmi ry rj c te Ciy sa g me tt a t i
s n p lc n r n mply e h u t s i l l ee t h t ' r u n h t hs
a
ditnc i a f t he e ilm e t t r le f t t vi a i Furhe , t Ciy' cl m t t
si ton fecs r ntte n o e if or ha olton. t r he t s ai ha

Plitf s o l o l bee tte t ij n tv rle d e no c nlc wih a a r o b c pa
an if h ud ny nild o nu cie eif o s t o fit t n wad f a k y;
t da a Pl n ifs ksi t f r ofba k pay i ç n i eg alpar oft e t er m e of
he m ges aitf ee n he o m
c
s s nt r
a
t he quiabl e dy

ij n t risae n . Ha kes 4 7 F.d a 3 4.Ac o digy, P an if i e tte t
n u ci en ttme t' r ls , 2 2 t 2
ve
'
c r n l litf s n ild o
dn ge ,i s ca pr t m .
ma s f he n ove he
b. A m ountofD am age
s

Pl i if a s rs t s i e il d of an awa d of ba k pay t alng t s a y a
antf s e t hat he s ntte
r
c
ot i he alr nd
be is s woul have en ne a t Sold W a t Coor na or ha t Ciy no
neft he
d
r d s he
i
se
di t
d he t
t
u onsiuto ly c tone he empl e t on he t ki a dr t t Pli tf as e t t t
nc tt i na l ondii d r
oym n
r a ng
ug es . a n if s rs ha

t sa oun i kno bl a t t l ou t $1 058. whi h i cacult d fom he sa tdae of
hi m t s wa e nd o a s t o 02, 44, c s l a e r
r tr t

Fe r ay 1 ,2 3 t r ug t e p e itd dae o j dg n o Au u t 1 ,2 4.I a dto
b u r 1 01 h o h h r dce t f u me t f g s 1 01 n d iin,

Plitf a s rst a s ei e tte t p eu me titr s i t e n u to $ 1 0. . anif
an if s et h t h s n ild o rj dg n nee t n h mo n f 9,6 59 Plitf
a s cai asa ee e ofdn
lo l ms n lm nt
magesc t n m ovi e ns s i ure whe s wasf c d t
erai
ng xpe e nc r d
n he
or e o
r veoutofKey W es d t he i biiy t fnd wor t r
no
t ue o r na lt o i
k he e.

The Ciy r s
t e pondst tPli ifhasmica c a e he dn a s a t ta a r t ,a
ha antf
s l ult d r m ge , nd ha t ny a e ny

ca g st b a r e i t i c s i a q e to o fc b s lf t t j r .TheCiy frh r
lma e o e wad d n h s a e s u sin f a t e t e t o he u y
t u te
J gue t t t quesi of whe he Pl ntf movi e ns we e a bas c e by t
k s ha he
r
ton
t r ai ips
ng xpe es r t e aus d
he
Ciy' r f a t hiehe ,o whe he herdecii t m ovewa nota pa tofar s bl efor t
t s e us l o r r r t r
son o
s
r
ea ona e f t o

l tg t h rd ma e i smial aq eto o f c f rt ej r . Co r a r e wih teCiy
ni ae e a g s s i lry u sin f a t o h u y The u t ge s t h t
i
( boh p it. anifwi ha et p o eh rda g s t tejtya til
) t ons Plitf l v o r v e ma e so h t t ra.
n
l
r
c Reas
.
onabl ne s o M ii at on
e s f tg i

l s
n uppor of he M o i f r Summ a y J m e a t r i , Pli if s it d a
t
r ton o
r udg nt s o elef a ntf ubm te
de l r ton t t a
c a a i ha, mong o he t ngs de a ld he e f t t fnd wo k afe t Ciy r f s d t
t r hi , t ie r fors o i
r tr he t e u e o

5

hiehe .SeeDE #5 1.Pli ifr cog z t tç t a r ofba k pay de nds on a pli ifs
r r
9- antf e nies ha f l wa d
a
c
pe
a ntf

r s bl ef t t mii t he dn gesa i ofsta co di y, ( #58a 1 . nde d,a
ea ona e fors o tgae r ma nd s fe c r ngl ' DE
'
t 2) I e n

çn ue vci h s a d t t miiae d ma e b b i r a o a y dlg n i se i
t j rd itm a
i
uy o tg t a g s y eng e s n bl iie t n e kng
s t ntal e vae e o e . EEOC v M as e Y dly Chr e Pl
ubsa i ly qui lnt mpl ym nt'
'
.
s y ar e
yslr ymou h I ,11
t , nc. 7

F.d 1 4 1 51 5 ( 1hci.1 9 ) Plitf a srst a h rd caain a e u tl e tbih s
3 2 4, 2 - 2 1 t r 9 7 . an if se t h t e e lrto d q aey sa ls e
t t her efors t mii t he da
ha
f t o tgae r mage a tnd s t ntal eq valnt e pl ym e we e
s nd i ubsa ily ui e m o nt r
r s bl
ea ona e.

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6

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