C-Mart, Inc. v. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company et al
Filing
232
ORDER denying as moot 114 Motion class certification; granting 127 Motion to Certify Class; denying 171 Motion for Hearing( Calendar Call set for 4/2/2014 01:15 PM in West Palm Beach Division before Judge Donald M. Middlebrooks., Jury Tria l set for 4/7/2014 09:00 AM in West Palm Beach Division before Judge Donald M. Middlebrooks.). CALENDAR CALL PREVIOUSLY SET FOR WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 2014 HAS BEEN RESET FOR WEDNESDAY, APRIL 2, 2014. SEE ORDER FOR DETAILS. Signed by Judge Donald M. Middlebrooks on 2/4/2014. (sw)
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andi
Asa tles d ma t ,1m us de e mi whehe C- M hassa ng t brng t s s t
ir hol ter
t t r ne
t r M
tndi o i hi ui.
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y
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Dee d r o Wid f , 0 U. 5 5 5 ( 9 2 ) To etbih sa dig apanifmu tp o e
f n e s f ll e 5 4 S. 5 , 61 1 9 ). sa ls tn n , litf s r v :
()i s fee a çnu y i fc 'o a ij r t ti c n rt a d p riulrz a d a t lo
1 t u frd n d j r n a t' r n n uy ha s o cee n a t aie n cua r
i
c
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mmie t t o jcu a r y oh tc l 2 a s l o n cin ewe n h nu y n h
c nd tc mp an do ;a d ()i i fi l 'a o p s dt meeyû p c ltv , t a teij r
o uc o lie f n 3 t s lkey, s p o e o rl ç e uaie' h t h n u y
l
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s
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wil erd e s db afvo a l d cso Re nc v Av e I c, 93F.d 1 7, 3 3 ( 1h Ci.
lb e rs e y a r be e iin. s ik . M 4 n .6 3 31 1 2 1 t r
2 2 (n e lq oainso te )(iig t Fre d o h Ea t, n .v fad a En t. rs
01 ) itma u tto mitd ct o in s fte rh l c . ilw vl Sev .
n
( ,I c,5 8 U. 1 ,1 0 81( 0 0 ) Fo u o t Fa l v PieisSu c a tT a st
FOQ n . 2 S. 67 8 - 2 0 ); c s n he mi . n la n o s r n i
y
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t .3 4 3 2 3, 2 2 1 t r20 3 ct g j n 0 S. t 60 1.
i
Dee da t ag e ta C- ha fie t s w i s fee a ij r be a s o t er
fn ns r u h t MM s ald o ho t uf rd ny nu y c u e f h i
al ge con t Howe r C- a ts pl a ngs co e t t by s ndi t t olcied f x
le d
duc .
ve , M r' e di
nt nd ha
e ng he ms i t a
De e nt vi a e is lga l pr e t d i e e t unde t TCPA.As t Sup e Cour has
f nda s olt d t e ly otc e nt r s
r he
he
r me
t
e p an d a ij r f rsa d n p r os sç y e its ll b vrueo sau e ce t lg l
x li e , n nu y o tn i g u p e i x s oey y it f ttts r ai e a
ma
ng
rg t t e iv so o whc c e tssa dng'Lua 5 4 U. a 5 8 (ne n lq o ain a d
ihs h n a in f ih r ae tn i . j n, 0 S. t 7 itr a u tto n
'
ctto so te ) TCP c n esterg tt befe fo c ranhaa sn a dp i c -n dig
i in mitd . A o fr h ih o re rm e ti r sig n rva y iva n
a
c
onduc.M anno v He t ar Re enue Rec ey Gr p,LLC,289 F. D.674,682 ( 3)
t
. alhc e v
ov r ou
R.
201 .
W he a de e ntvi a e t TCPA , he saut a t i e a a r ofda a s He e,C- a t
n
f nda olt s he
t t t e u horz s n wa e
m ge . r
M r
al ge t tt uns iie f x i r c i d wa s ntby Def nda s a i i s ki da a s
le s ha he olct d a t e e ve
s e
e nt nd t s ee ng m ge
bec e oft tvi a i ofisprva unde TCPA .C- M hasm e isbur n i s
aus
ha olton t i cy
r
M
tt
de n howi t t
ng ha
De e
f ndant c
s' onduc vi ae TCPA,whih i s f e t c e sa ng upon i.
t ol td
c s ufki nt o onf r t ndi
t
I
V. Rul 2 a Requieme s
e 3()
r nt
A.
Cl sDq to
as nnii n
Be or e gi i t a yssr q r d by Rul 23,t q si ofwhehe t cas ha
f e nga ng n he nal i e uie
e
he ue ton
t r he l s s
b e a e uaeyd fn d s ul bec n ie e . eKee s n 2 2F. D. t6 7( i n O ' el
e n d q tl ei e ho d o sd r d Se lc e y, 6 R. a 6 ct g N il
i
v T eHo De tUSA.I c,2 F. D. 6 , 7 ( . F a 20 6 CAJp an ifs e n t
. h me po . , n . 43 R. 4 9 4 7 SD. l. 0 :.t litf e kig o
I
r pr e a pr e cas mus esa ih t t t pr e cas i ade t l defne a
e es nt
opos d l s
t t bls ha he opos d l s s qua ey i d nd
ce ry a c ran be'Lit ,6 F.d a 1 0 (n e lq o ain maksa d ctto so te )
lal s e tia l. tl 91 3 t 3 4 itma u tt
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a
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t
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DE 2 t )
De e nt co e t tt c a s defnii i o ry br d and no a c rana e.By
f nda s nt nd ha he l s
ton s ve l oa
t s e ti bl
i l ng i vi swho ma ha pr vi d t rpho n
ncudi ndi dual
y ve o de hei
ne umbe svol t rl eihe t ough a
r un a iy, t r hr
n
e t bls d busnes r ltons p orc e , hepr pos c a sde i ton i nor st ra lt t
sa ihe
i s ea i hi
ons nt t
o ed l s fnii g e hei biiy o
e pl t i de e e t r TCPA .The a gue t t t i s of de e m i ng t r c pints
m oy her f ns mde
y r
ha he s ue
t r ni he e i e '
co e mus beadd e s d on a i vi lba i.
ns nt t
rse
n ndi dua ss
Be a et f x i
c us he a mageC- M a t pr e cls r e ve di no ha t ne es a y
M
nd he opos d a s ec i d d t ve he c s r
o - pr so C- a ta g st tt f c t tDe e nt obt ne t cl s me
ptout ovii n, M r r ue ha he a t ha f nda s ai d he as mberpho
ne
numbe s tloug et r a esa ihe busne s r ai hi o t oug vol a y c e i
r lr h ihe n tbls d
i s eltons p r hr h unt r ons nt s
ir e nt t do a i vi l i r t dee m i t s ce of ea h phone number i not
relva ; o
n ndi dua nquiy o tr ne he our
c
s
n e s y bec us t ou c e woul be t s me:t f xe di no c ai t nec s r o ec s ar
a e he t om
d
he a
he a s d t ont n he es a y pt
8
outno i e ,i vi l ton oft TCPA.C- M ase t t tt c a swili l onl i vi s
tc s n o ai
he
M
s rs ha he l s l ncude y ndi dual
whom De enda s s nt t olc td a ve ts m e s wihou t r quie opto r quie t
f nt e ms iie d rie nt t t he e r d - ut e r men
a ha
e
s
aned he a
p o ie f ri 47 U. C. 22 ()2 ( . The f ctt tDef ndant may have obt i t f x
r vd d o n
S. j 7b ()D)7
7Unde t Fe a Comm uni a i Comm ison' r ultonspr s i t i pl nt47
r he der l
c tons
s i s eg a i
e crbed o m eme
U. C. 2 ()2 ( ,h f x' o to t o iec mpiswihter q ie n so l i:
S. j 27b ( )D) te a s p - u n tc o le t h t urme t n y f
( T en t ei ce r n c n piu u a do tefrt a eof h a v rie n ;
A) h oi s la a d o s c o s n n h is p g t e d ets me t
c
( Th n t esae t a tercpe t yma earq e t otesnd ro t
B) e oi tts h t h e iin ma k e u s t h e e f he
c
a rieme no t s nd a f ur a rie
dve ts nt t o e ny ut e dve ts ment t at lphonef smie
s o ee
ac i l
ma neorm a hi sa t tf iur t co pl wihi 30 da ,wih s h a
chi
c ne nd ha a l e o m y, t n
ys t uc
rq e t eigt rq ie n su d rpaa rp ()4)v o ti s cini
e u s me tn he e ur me t n e rg a h a ( ( ) f h s e to s
unl wf l
a u;
( Th n tc st f t terq ie n sf ra o to trq e tu de p r g a h
C) e o ie es orh h e urme t o n p - u e u s n r aa r p
()4)v o t ss ci n
a( ( ) f hi e to ;
( Then t ei ld s
D)
oi ncu e c
( )A d me tcc n a t ee h n n mbe a dfc i l ma hn n mb r
1 o si o tc tlp o e u r n a smie c ie u e
f t r ci en t ta m i s h ar ques t t s nde ;a
or he e pi t o r ns t uc e t o he e r nd
( )I n ih rterq ie t lp o en mb rn rfc i l ma hie
2 f et e h e ur d ee h n u e o a smi c n
e
numbe i at lfe nz be , s pa ae c tfe m e ha s i udi a
r s ol-r e lm r a e r t os-r e c nim ncl ng
W e st a e sore la es ,f ar i e tt ta mi ar ques
b ie ddr s
mai ddr s or ecpi n o r ns t e t
puruan t s h notc t t s ndero t a rie e . l a
s t o uc
ie o he e
f he dve ts m nt A oc l
te
elphonenu be a s s l c tt e ac tfe mec nim s l ngas
m r l o ha l onsiut os-r e
ha s o o
r ci en sa e l a a wilno i
e pi t r oc l nd l t ncura l dit eorot rs pa a e
ny ong sanc
he e r t
c r f cal madet s h num b r a
ha ges or ls
o uc
e ; nd
( Thetlp o ea dfc i l ml esa dc tfe me ha im ie tfe i
E) ee h n n a smi mb r n os-r e c n s d n iid n
e
t notc mus pe mi a i vi lo busne st m a a op - r s 24
he i e
t r t n ndi dua r i s o ke n tout eque t
hou saday,7 da awe k.
r
ys
e
4 C. R. 6 .2 0 a( )ii. rg a h()4 () r frnc da ve p o ie t tar cpe ts
7 F. j 4 1 0 ()4 (i Paa rp a( )v , eee e bo , r vd s ha e iin '
)
r ques t optoutoff t e a rie e si c pla onl i:
e to u ur dve ts m nt s om i nt y f
( Therques i ntûe t tlphonenumbe ornumbe soft t e
A)
e t de i s he ee
r
r he elphone
f csm ie ma neorm a hi st whih t r ques r lt s
a i l chi
c ne o c he e t ea e ;
( Therq e ti ma t t tlp o en mbe, a smien mb r W e st
B)
e u s s de o he ee h n u r fc i l u e , b ie
a es ore laddr s i ntfe i t s nde ' f csmiea ri e nt a
ddr s mai
e s de ii d n he e rs a i l dve ts me ; nd
9
numbe st oug a prorr ltons p wih t cls membe s ort ough volmt r c e doe
r hr h
i ea i hi t he a s
r
hr
t a y ons nt s
note i nae t TCPA' optoutnotc r quie nt Se W Ave ur Chio ac i Ce er I .
lmi t he
S i e e r me . e
nt a r pr tc nt , nc
v M e Wa t Man g me tL e a . 20 3 W L 3 6 48 ( D.Fl.J l 3 2 3 ( rn ig
. d se a e n LC, t l, 1
4 3 9 S. a u . , 01 ) g a tn
pli tf M o i f r Re onsde ai a tr fndi t tdef nda s s e ha bo de e e was
a n ifs ton o
c i r ton fe i ng ha
e nt ' af r r f ns
irlv n wih u ap o e o to tn tc )( een he ,$ v a/r '; c v Wab r 7 5F.d
ree a t t o t r p r p -u o ie h ri a r $ : l J' Na k . lu g, 1 3
. / )
X
6 0 (t Ci. 01 ) l aM is u irsd n r c i e a u s lctd fx fo t eDee d n s n
8 8h r 2 3 . f so r e ie t e ev d n n oiie a r m h f n a t, o
ma tri t y s r d t i numbe wih t Def nt t oug vol a y me ,De e nt '
te f he ha e he r
r t he enda s hr h unt r
ans f nda s
f x a rie nt di noti l t r quie optoutlnguag r quied u rt TCPA.
a dve ts me s d
ncude he e r d - a
e e r nde he
Conta y t De e nt con e i , no i vi
r r o f nda s' t ntons
ndi dual i r i nec s r a t i
nquiy s
es a y nd her
e t bls r ltons p orvol ay c e de e e a e una ia ewhe e asher ,t optout
sa ihed e ai hi
unt r ons nt f ns s r
va lbl
r,
e he r quie nti al ed t ha be vi a e Furhe mor Def nda s ha notpr s nt a
e r me s leg o ve en olt d. t r e, e nt ve
e e ed ny
e de e ofa sngl a rie e c a ni t r quied optoutno i t twoul a l t m
vi nc
i e dve ts m nt onti ng he e r
tce ha
d low he
t pr e s ade e e.
o es nt uch
f ns
I a ton, f nt aser t tt o y i vi l who s ul bei l ed i t
n ddii De enda s s t ha he nl ndi dua s
ho d ncud n he
cas a et ewho own t f x m a hi t tr cevedt diput d f xe .Howe r t des
l s r hos
he a
c nes ha e i he s e a s
ve , o tne
c a sm e r hi ast twho Def nda ss ntt f x i i lnewih TCPA ' lng ge
l s mbe s p hos
m
e nt e he a s n i
t
S a ua
r r ng s ndi f ,a woul a l ac r t wa t i ntf De e nt i ende
ega di e ng axes nd
d low onc ee y o de iy f nda s' nt d
rcpin s S eAv nu a i 01 W L 3 3 9, 5( D. l . u . 2 3 . d fn t ca s
e i e t. e e tr l 2 3
46 48 * S. F a J l3, 01 ) To ei e he ls
ot r s woul i et TCPA' e pha i on pr bii pa te fom s ndi ofe ng
he wie
d gnor he
S m ss
ohi tng ris r e ng f ndi
f xe
a s.
( Th p ro ma igterq e t a n t s b e u n t s c rq s, r vde
C) e es n kn h e u s h s o , u s q e t o u h e uet p o i d
e es i t ton orpe mi son t t s nde ,i wrtng orot r s ,t s
xpr s nviai
r s i o he e r n ii
he wie o end
s h a rie e t t s h pe s a s tl phonef csmiem a hi
uc dve ts m n s o uc r on t uch e e
a i l c ne.
4 C. R. 6 1 0 ()4 ( )
7 F. j 4.2 0 a( )v .
10
The e or ,Ifnd t pr e c a sas rana ea a
r f e i he opos d l s ce ti bl nd dequael defne
t y i d.
B.
N u e os t
m r iv
l or rt s tsy num e ost C- a tmus demonsr t t ' he cl si s num e ous
n de o aif
r iy, M r
t
ta e hat t
t
as s o
r
t a j id ro a1me e si i r cia l. Ve a, 6 F.d a 1 6 6 ( u tn FE R. v.
h t on e f 1 mb r s mp a tc be' g 5 4 3 t 2 6- 7 q o ig D. CI
'
P. ()1) W hl l r alg to ofn r st ae i u f e t'Rul 2 ()1 i o e a
23a( ). ie f e le ains umeo iy r ns fkin r e 3 a( ) mp s s
me
'
d ne aly 1 hur e,'a 1 pli tf ne d no s
s r l ow
ge
dl ' nd ç a n if e t how t pr c s num be of me be s i t
a
he e ie
r
m r n he
ca s' V g 5 4F.da 1 7(i to so te ) ' v rh ls, pan ifsil e r t eb r e
ls . e a, 6 3 t 26 ct in mitd .t e tee s a litf tlb as h u d n
'
a
Ne
ofm a ng s
ki ome s
howi a f di t dititcour t m e ns t m a a s
ng, for ng he src
t he a o ke uppo td f t l
re acua
fn i g t a t e ca s a t l c ri d me t te n r st r q rme t' f (mp a i
d n , h t h ls cual e t
y
se
es h umeo iy e uie n . #. e h ss
'
o iia) Alh u hmeen mb r a en td s stv ,h g nea r l o t mb i t Elv n h
rgn l. t o g r u e s r o ipo iie te e rl ue f hu n he e e t
Cic t i t t Ses t n t t one i i dequa e m or t n f t ade t , wih numbe s
r ui s ha d s ha wen yl
s na
t , e ha ory qua e t
r
bewe n va yi ac or ng t ot r f c o s' Co v Am.Cas I on Pi Co. 78 F. 1
t e r ng c di o he a t r . x .
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tr
pe
, 4 2d 546,
1 5 ( 1h Ci.1 6 ; e n v Ca e Co , 45 F. D.5 5 5 8 ( . Fl. 0 ) Th Co r
5 3 1 t r 98 ) Ku h . dl . 2
R. 4 , 4 M D. a 2 07 . e u t
ma a s c i f t r s h astt g og a c di r iy oft cas me r t na ur of
y lo onsder ac o s uc
s e r phi ve st
he
he l s mbe s, he t e
t a to ,te sz o e c panif cam, u iile o o ,a d t i o v n e c o tyng
he cin h i e f a h litf s li j dca c n my n he nc n e in e f r i
i vi
ndi dual lws t, an t a lt of t i vi l ca s me be s t i tt t i vi l
a uis d he biiy
he ndi dua ls
m r o nsiu e ndi dua
lws is' S e Aga v Kaz n (:Ko r P. , 2 2 F. D. 69 6 6 ( D. Fa .0 4
a ut. e
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n . tma Q r, A. 2 R.
2, 9 S. 1 2 0 )
( miru e s J) Ku h 2 5F. D. t5 8
Di to la , .; e n, 4 R. a 4 .
Thr
ough t r viw ofoft f r c dsa c lde alr co dsby M r Bi r t f is
he e e
he ax e or nd al- t i e r
. gge saf, t
e r,obti d t ough dic r C- a te tm aest tDef nda ss tappr m ae y 35,
xpe t ane hr
s ove y, M r si t ha
e nt en
oxi tl 690
fx su de isca sd fn to Th sa u ti lr ee o g f rt e Co tt prs j id r
a e n r t ls eiiin. i mo n s ag n u h o h ur o eume on e
wo l b i r cia l. Th , C- M h s s c e d d i s wi t a Shee ae i f c
ud e mp a t be us M
c
a u c e e n ho ng h t t r r n a t
t
11
s fi in l n meo sp ris' Wa - r,1 1S. . t2 1(mp ssi o i ia) a dt a te
u fce ty u r u a t , lMa t 3 Ct a 55 e ha i n rgn l, n h t h
e '
nume ost r quie e ha be n s tsi
r iy e r m nt s e aifed.
Commonalt
iv
W ih r ga d t t c
t e r o he omm onaiy oft cas Pl ntf ha t bur n t ç m onsr t t t
lt
he l s, ai if s he de o l
de
tae ha
te ca sme r h v s fr d te sme ij r . Wa- r,1 S.Ct a 2 51 (u tto s
h ls mbes a e ufee h s n u y' lMa t 31
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. t 2 q o ai n
o te .çl s doe no me n meey t tt ha a1 s fr a vi ai o t sme
mitd) t-hi
s t a
rl ha hey ve l ufeed
olton f he a
p o so o lw. f .l d e i i n tj s te p e e c o c mmo q si n t a matr,b t
rviin f a ' # n e d,t s o u t h r s n e f o n ueto s h t tes u
'
t a lt oft cas aci de c t t e ol a is t ti c nta t t valdiy ofe h one
he biiy he l s ton vi e o t s ve n s ue ha s e r l o he i t
r
ac
oft cli i onesr ' 1 a 2251. t se t Supr m eCour e aned:
he a ms n
toke. d. t
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To hi nd,he
e
t xpl i
W ha m a tr t c a sc rii a i ... sno t r ii ofc
t te s o l s e tfc ton
i t he asng
omm on ç si ' l tons'
que
eve i dr ves - but r t r t c pa iy o a c a s de pr ee ng t ge ae
nn o
, a he he a ct f l s wi
oc di o ner t
c
ommon a we s a t drve t r ol i of t ltgai Dismia ii
ns r pt o i he es uton
he ii ton. s i lrtes
wihi t pr e cas a ewha ha t po e i lt i det ge r ton of
t n he opos d l s r
t ve he t nta o mpe he ne ai
com m on ans ers.
w
1 ( tngRihar A.Na r da,Cls Ce tf ton i t Ageo AggrgaePr ,8 N. U.
d. quoi c d
ga e
a s rikai n he
f
e t oof 4 Y.
L. v. 7, 3 ( 0 ) ( l r to i o iia)
Re 9 1 2 20 0 ) at ain n rgn l.
e
C- a tc ends t t t m an c
M r ont
ha he i omm o a we t cl s defnii ge r t s i t t
n ns r he as
ton ne a e s ha
Def nda s s nt cl s membe s uns i ie adve ts nt wihout t r quie optou
e nt e
as
r
olct d
rieme s t
he e r d
- t
pplc bl o l
rq ie n p o ie f ri 47U. C.j2 7 b ( )D)8Thi a w e wo d be a i a e t a l
e ur me t r vd d o n
S.
2 ( )2 ( . s ns r ul
8c- a tcai st tt c
M r l m ha he omm on lga q tonspr e e un rt TCPA i l t
e l uesi
es nt d de he
ncude he
f l ng:
olowi
1 W hehe Defnda s f c tt e anC dverie nf'
)
t r e nt' ax onsiutd ç ts me ;
a
2) W hehe Dee t'fxa rie tco anedapr ro - noi ;
t r fndans a dve ts men nti
ope ptout tce
3 W hehe Dee nt mee t dei tonofts r'ordr c TCPA la lt
)
t r fnda s t he fnii
tende'f ie t
ibiiy,
m e ni aS r o ore iy o whos be l af sm ieuns iie
a ng ç s n ntt n
pe
e haf ac i l
olct d
a rieme i s n orwhos goodsors r i e a e a ve ts d orpr o e i
dve ts nt s e t
e
e v c s r d rie
om t d n
teu o iie a v rie n , 4 C. R. 6 1 0 ( 8 ;
h ns lctd d e tsme t' 7 F. j 4.2 0 9( )
'
4 W heh rDee a t a ej itya ds v r l l bl t t ca s
)
t e fnd n s r on l n e e al i e o he ls ;
y a
1
2
me r oft pu a i c a s W hie i i no eno h t tcl sm e r s f r d a vi ai n of
mbe s he t tve l s . l t s t ug ha as mbe s ufe e
ol to
t s m e pr sons oflw t s ts y t co mona iy r quie e t s e WalM ar,1 S. .a
he n
ovii
a o a if he m
lt e r m n , e
- t 31 Ct t
2251 he e t l a q si t t t i t nt m at r pr e s wil be c mon t a l cas
, r he eg l ue tons ha he nsa
te es nt l
om
o 1 ls
me be s The ef e,lfnd t tc mona iy i s tsi d.
m r . r or i ha om
lt s a ife
D.
Tv c iv
nialt
S- y iaiyme sle wh t e as fce tn x e it bewe nt ecamso ten me
sf pc l
ll
t a t s eh r ufiin e us x ss t e h li f h n d
r
rp e e ttv sa dt s o t ca sa lr e' Coo rv S .Co,3 0F.d 6 5 71 ( 1h Ci.
e r s naie n ho e f he ls t a g . pe . o . 9 3 9 , 3 1 t r
'
2 0 ) W i r g r t ti ape t fteRue23a ayss teS p e Co r h ste e tdyh l
0 4 . t e ad o h s s c o h l
h
n l i,h u rme u t a ç p ae l ed
r
t ta c a sr pr e ai mus bt pa toft cas a pos es t s me i e e ta s frt
ha l s e es nt tve
t
r
he l s nd s s he n ntr s nd ufe he
smeij r a te ca sme es'Pr d - emane r l Pr d v Bu h, 21F.d 1 6 ,1 7
n nu y s h ls mb r . a osti x e. a o . s 2 3 2 6 2 9
'
( lhCi. 0 0 ( u tn Fa c n 4 7U. a 1 6 .
1 t r 2 0 ) q o ig lo , 5 S. t 5 )
C- m r eve a f x a rieme t ti c am sDe e nt s nta oxi t l 35, 0
M
ec i d a dve ts nt ha t l i
f nda s e ppr ma ey 69
tm e .C- a ta s rst tt f wa uns i ie an di notha t pr ropto no i Ci s M r s e t ha he ax s olct d d d
ve he ope
- ut tce.
M M hase t bls t tt c s ofc
sa ihed ha he our e onduc t tpr duce isTCPA vi a i a s pr e
t ha o
dt
olton lo oduc d
t cli of t pr e cas The e e ss a s f en nexus t s tsy t t caiy
he a ms
he opos d l s. r xit
ufki t
o a if he ypi lt
rq ie n . e Aut .WalDin y Wo l Co.6 2F.d 1 2 1 6( 1hCi. 01 )
e urme tS e l v t s e rd , 9 3 21 , 21 1 t r 2 2 .
Def nda s c e t tC- ar' c am s a e nott ca oft cl s be us C- a ts
e nt ont nd ha M ts l i r
ypi l he as ca e M r'
untrl
y i ve ha sa ihi
rpr s nttve whe he is num be wa pr ded vol a iy.The bele t t e t bls ng
e e e ai
t r t
r s ovi
c e woul ma C- a tscl m s aypi a ofcls me r who di no vol t rl s r
ons nt
d ke M r' ai t c l
a s mbe s
d t un a iy ha e
t r numbe s t t r s td i f xe be ng s nt Howe r as d c i d ea le ,t i s of
hei
r ha e ule n a s i e .
ve ,
es rbe
ri r he s ue
5) W hehe Pli ifa ohe ca sme r a ee ildt sautr da s
t r antf nd t r ls mbe s r ntte o tt o y mage ;
a
nd
6 W h t e Dee da t' csweeu lf l o i n ng' n e t eTCP a di
) eh r fn n s a t r d lu' r t owi 'u d r h
wi ' k
A n f
s whehe t Cour s dte et sa ut y damag .
o
t r he
t houl r bl he tt or
es
( 1 7a 1 )
DE 2 t 2 .
13
co e i ir l va snc t optoutno i wa l c ng.The f i a s t twe e s ntt t
ns nt s re e nt i e he tce s a ki
ax m ge ha r e o he
c a sme r we e i i l t r f e,Def nda s c
l s mbe s r dentca ; he e or
e nt ' onduc vi a e TCPA t ough t s m e
t olt d
hr
he n
pr es a t a 1c a sm e
oc s s o 1 l s mber a t caiy i s tsi d.
s nd ypi lt s aife
E.
Adequac
v
Ad q c o rp e e tto u d rRul 2 ()4 ( nc mp se t s p rt iq iis
e ua y f e r s nain n e e 3 a( ) s o a s s wo e a ae n ure .
e
()wheh ra y s bsa ta c n lcso itr s e itb t e t rp e e ttv sa d t eca s
1
te n u tn il o fit f nee t x s ewe n he e r s naie n h ls ;
a d ()wh te t erp e e ttv swila e uaeyp o e uetea to ' V le Dr g Co, 0
n 2 eh r h e r sn aie l d q t l r s c t h cin. a ly u .35
'
F. a 118 Def nda s c e t t C- ar, t ough is co or t r e e ai W iln
3d t 9. e nt ont nd ha M t hr
t p ae epr s nt tve lim
Br ks r i una e t a quael pr e t t i tntmate a t tis co els pr vi us
oo he , s bl o de t y os eu e he nsa
tr nd ha t uns ' e o
c s of c
our e
onduc m a i a i deq t c c t r pr s ntt s c a s i t r t .De e
t ke t n na uae hoie o e e e hi l s ' n e ess f ndan s
t'
a gume s a e t r uasve.M r Br he i awa e of t TCPA vi a i und sa Cr
nt r mpe s i
. ooks r s
r
he
olton, ert nds
M a ts ha r ponsbiii as a nn d- antf i t s c e,a de
r' s es i ltes
me pl i if n hi as nd monsr t s a wilngne s t
ta e
li s o
r pr s t c a s whih hassmia cli asC- M .I a ton,cas c
e e ent he l s , c
i l r a ms
M
n ddii l s ouns lhass fce
e
ufi int
qua ii a i a expe i et ha et sc a sa ton ltga i a hasbe n f
lfc tons nd
renc o ndl hi l s ci ii ton nd
e ound ade t i
qua e n
p e iu TCPA p o e dn s ( 1 7a 1 -4 . f n a tfist s w ta c n lc o itrs
r vo s
r c e ig .DE 2 t 3 1 ) De e d n al o ho h t o fit f n eet
e ss bewe n C- ar, is c e c ns l a t c a s me r .The e or t a qua y
xit t e
M t t hos n ou e , nd he l s
mbe s
r f e, he de c
r quieme i s ife
e r nt s atsi d.
V.
Rul 23( ( Re r m e s
e b)3) quie nt
Pr domi
e
nance
To s tsy t pr do i nc r uie e ,t na e pl i if m us e t bls t tt
a if he e m na e eq r m nt he m d antf
t sa ih ha he
is e s b e t og n r lz dp o fi t ca sa to a dtusa pl a l t t eca sa awh l,
su s u j c t e e aie r o n he ls cin, n h p i b e o h ls s oe
c
p e o n t o e to eis st a aes b e to l t i iiu l e p o f S eJ c wn v Mo e
r d miae v r h s sue h t r u jc ny o ndvd ai d r o . e a k . tl
z
6M ut r s,I c,1 0F.d9 9,1 5( 1h Ci.1 9 ) Th s p e mia erq ie n t us
li po e n . 3 3 9 00 1 t r 9 7 . u , rdo n nc e ur s o j t
pu
1
4
t p es e of co mon is ,but a s t t t e common is acualy out egh a
he r enc
m
s ues
lo ha hos
s ues t l
w i ny
i vi i d is si t ltgai n.I t swa p edomi e i ffr mor de ndi 't n
ndi dualze s ue n he ii to n hi y, r
nanc s ça
e ma ng' ha
Ru e 2 ()s c mmo aiy r q rme t S e J c s n 1 0 F.d a 1 5 ( i to o te )
l 3 a ' o n l e uie n . e a k o , 3 3 t 00 ct in mitd .
t
a
t
s i rng whe he G tonsof1w orf c c
consde i
t r quesi
a
a t omm on t cls membe spr dom i t be ns
o as
r e
na e' gi ,
ofc s ,wih t el nt oft u ryi ca e ofa ton.'Erc P.John Fun4 I .v
oure t he eme s he ndel ng us
ci ' ia
nc .
Ha l u tn Co. 1 S. .21 9 21 4 ( 01 ) Dee d n sag e t tC- Y ha no me is
li ro
b
, 31 Ct 7 , 8 2 1 . fn a t r u ha M
s t tt
bur n i esa ihi t cas - de quesi
de n t bls ng hat l s wi
tons pr dom i t ove i vi
e
nae
r ndi dual quesi .
tons
Ho v r te Co r ds g e s t i c n e t a d a piain of t (sa ls e bu i s
we e, h
u t ia r e . s t o s n n p lc to
W h
he e tb ih d snes
rlt ns i S f Hab rb i gei n td a c i rata s r et d fnetn d fa)teca s
eai hpj ae r o en l ae s rt i h t e v o ei a d ee t h l s,
o
mi
e
t sng a is oft a e e oft c r c optoutl ua doesnotpore i vi lti l
he i ul r s ue he bs nc
he or e t - ang ge
tnd ndi dua ra s
o i dvd l e iq ii s'Av n u a, 01 W L 3 6 48 * ( D. l . u . , 0 3 ( ic s ig
r n iiuai d n ure . e t r 2 3
z
'
4 3 9, 4 S. F a J l 3 2 1 ) ds u sn
Na k 71 F3 6 0 ( t Ci.2 3 .Th is e o c n e tdo s n tp e miae o e t e
c , 5 .d 8 8 h r 01 ) e su f o s n e o rdo n t v r h
q tonsc
uesi
ommon t t cas The e or ,pr dom i nc i s ts
o he l s. r f e e
na e s a ifed.
B.
Su rorp
pe i i
Thef usofs rort a l i i on t her l tvea
oc
upe i iy na yss s s e ai dvan a sofa c a saci s tove
t
t ge
l s ton ui r
whae ro he f m sofltgai m i ber a itcal aval bl t t pl ntfs'Se Sac e
tve t r or
ii ton ght e lsi ly ia e o ht ai if . e r d
'
He tHe t S . I .v H u
ar alh ys, nc . mana M iiar He t ar Se v .I . 601F. 11 11 84
lt y alhc e r s, nc,
3d 59, 83-
( 1hCi. ol lctt n o te ) Wil msv M o a I d s, n .5 F.d 1 5 1 5 ( 1h
1 t r z o t i i mi d ; li . h wk n u .l c, 68 3 3 0, 3 8 1 t
ao
t
a
Ci. 0 9 .$T) ep e o nmwea ay i h sate n o i c o t es p ro iya ay i
r 2 0 )t h r d mi
(
n lss a r me d us mpa t n h u e irt n l ss
f t smpl r s t t t m or c
or he i e ea on ha , he
e omm on is spr
sue edomi t overi vi is , hemor
na e
ndi dual s ues t
e
d srbeaca sa to lws iwil ea av hcef ra j diai t epan if' li , oh
e ia l ls cin a ut l b s e il o d u c tng h litfs cams b t
rlt t ohe f r o l iains c a j i d ro c ns ld to a di a ouetr o
eai o t r o ms f i g to u h s o n e r o oi ai n, n n bs lt ems f
ve
t
ma a e b lyl 'Sa r dHe r He lhS .601F.da 1 8 (ne zl iai n a datrto s
n g a ii . ' c e a t a t ys,
t l
3 t 1 4 itn a ctto s n leai n
15
o te )l d cd n s p ro i t ed src c u t t o sd ra lats meo tefco sst
mitd .n e ii g u e irt h itit o r mus c n i e t e s o f h a t r e
y,
frh i Ru e23b () icudn :d eca sme e sitr ssi idv d al c nr li t
o t n l ()3 ,n l ig çh ls mb r'nee t n n ii u ly o to l he
t
ng
pr e uton orde e eofs pa a ea tons' çhee e a na u e ofa ltgai c e i
os c i
f ns
e r t c i ' s xtnt nd t r
;t
ny ii ton onc m ng
t c ntove s ar dy beg by oragans cls m e r ' ûhe de ia lt orunde iabiiy of
he o r r y lea
un
i t a s mbe s' s
;t
sr biiy
sr lt
c e r tngt ltga i oft cai i t pa tc a f m';a Shelke y difc te i
onc ntai he ii ton he l ms n he riul r onz ' nd t i l fi uli s n
t
ma a i gaca sa to . S eV g ,5 4F.da 1 8n.9(t c mp eefiu et a d e st e e
n gn ls ci n' e e a 6 3 t 27 1 $ o lt alr o d r s h s
'
a
fco so a yoh r ri e t o sd rto wh nc n u tn aRu e2 ( )3 i ur i a a us
a tr r n te petn n c n i eain e o d cig l 3 b ( ) nq iy s n b e
o ds rto ' .
f icein'
)
De e nt a s tt acl sa ton i nots rort i v dua ti sr ga di t
f nda s s er hat as c i s
upe i o ndi i l ral e r ng he
a lged TCPA vi a i .Asde al a ,t Cour hasf
le
oltons
t ied bove he
t
ound t tquesi o lw a f c
ha
tons f a nd a t
pr domi t overa i vi i d is . hieTCPA al i vi pl i if t s a
e
nae
ny ndi dualze s ues W l
lows ndi dual antfs o ue
s nde ofuns i t f xes t r a
e r
olcied a , he e ppea st beno i c ton t tCongr ss
r o
ndia i ha
es ough t elm i t
t o i na e
c a sa tonsunde t TCPA. eLands
ls ci
r he
Se
man t FunkPC v Sknde - r s As oci es 640
;
. i r stau s s at ,
F.d7 , 4 9 ( dCi. 01 ) Fu tes h Co r fn t theça g n mbe o cams ao g
3 2 9 - 5 3 r 2 1 . rh r t e u t ids ha t s r e u r f li s l n
l
wiht rltv l s l sauo yd ma e ,h d sr blt o a j dc tn te ecams
t he eaiey mal tt tr a g s te e ia i y f d u iai g h s li
i
c it nty,a d t pr biiy t i i dua me r woul notha agr ti e es i
onsse l n he oba lt hat nd vi l mbe s
d
ve ea nt r t n
c nr lngt p o e u ino t s cams a1id c t t a (Jca sa to wo db t es p ro
o tol he r s c to f hee li , 1 n iae h t a ls ci n ul e h u e ir
i
meh dof du iai 'tepanif'camsu d rTCP Hik v Cle t e v .I c, t o a j dc t 'h litfs li n e
ng
A. c s . in S r s, n .07
61 2 - V, 0 W L 5 7 1 , 1 ( D. a De .1 , 0 8 .
8 2 C1 2 08
4 91 1 * 0 S. Fl. c 1 2 0 )
Alhough t put tvecls m e
t
he ai a s mber a eM i s ir i nt t sm at rwmsta f r e
s r s our esde s,hi te
r nse r d
fom M is if t c
r
s our or he onve e e o t pa te TheTCPA pr bisaperon fom usngta
ni nc f he ris.
ohi t
s r
i tny
te
elphonef csm iem a hi ,c pu e ,orot de c t s
a i l c ne om t r
her vi e o end, o at l p
t e e honef smie
ac i l
ma hne a u s l i da v rie n . 47U. C. 2 7b ()C)( mp a i a de ) Th ,h
c i , n n oi t d e t me t' S. j 2 () 1( e h ss d d . us te
ce
s
'
16
a lge vi ai oft TCPA occ r d i Fl i , he sae fom whi h St i k s ntt
le d ol ton he
ure n orda t tt r
c orc e he
uns iie f x. or ove , heCour doesnotbele ltg tngi i t sCour woul be d fkul
olct d a M e r t
t
ive ii a i t n hi
t
d
if t
t m anage.
o
Furhe ,Defnda shavenotpr ded a qua er s n why da a c l ul i nswilbe
t r
e nt
ovi
de t ea o
m ge a c ato
l
pa tc a l bur ns
riul ry de ome i t sca e. nc t TCPA i r l tvey sr i htom a d,t Cour
n hi s Si e he
s e ai l ta g f
r he
t
c nnots e how i woul be om ec plc td. eM anno, F. D.a 691a
e
t
d c
om i ae Se
289 R. t
93.
Re e ng a loft s i iy f t s Ifnd t tt cas aci ve cl i s ro i
vi wi l he uperort acor , i ha he l s ton hi e s upe i r n
t i t ntma tr.
he nsa
te
VI
.
Concuson
l i
Afe ca e ulco i r ton o t Pa tesbre s a t r cor t Cour fnds t tCtr r f
nsde ai f he ri if nd he e d, he
t i ha
Ma t a me isb r e t s tsyt Rue2 ()a d Rul 23b rq ie ns Ac o dngy i i
r h s t t u d n o aif he l 3 a n
e () e urme t. c r i l ,t s
he e
r by
ORDERED AND ADJUDGED t t
ha
C- a t Mo inf rCls Ce t iain( 1 7 i GRANTED;
M r' to o a s ri c to DE 2 ) s
s
f
MeLie sM oi nt De yCls Cetfc to ( 1 4 i DENI AS M OOT;
t f' to o n a s ri ain DE 1 ) s
ED
M eLies M oin f rOrlAr u n o Cls Ce t kain M oins( l )i
t f ' to o a g me t n a s ri to
f
to DE 7l s
DENI .
ED
l i f t rO RDERED AND ADJUDGED t t
t s urhe
ha
4. TheCour CERTI ES t f l wi cl sunde t TCPA :
t
FI he olo ng as
r he
A1 pe s i M i s i who we e s nt a f c i ie dmi t
l r ons n s our
r e
a sm l
ng he
pe i of Aug t 7,201 t oug Se e r 6,201 sa i
rod
us
2, hr h pt mbe
2, ttng,
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