Excelsior Medical Corp. v. Ivera Medical Corp. et al

Filing 50

*MARKMAN ORDER re 32 Statement filed by COVIDIEN SALES LLC, COVIDIEN LP, Excelsior Medical Corp., 30 Statement filed by Ivera Medical Corp., Robert F. Lake, Jr., Jeffrey S. Tennant, 31 Statement filed by Ivera Medical Corp., Robert F. Lake, Jr., Jeffrey S. Tennant, 29 Statement, filed by COVIDIEN SALES LLC, COVIDIEN LP, Excelsior Medical Corp. Signed by Judge Donald M. Middlebrooks on 4/29/2014. (sw)

I THE UNI
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c
oodsteam i ec i
r
nf tons i hospial patent i t
n
t
i s f hey ar not pr l
e
opery
di nf ed prort each access.
si ect
i o

I a' C ur pr
ver s
os oduct i a sm al pl i cap t cont ns a sponge and 70%
s
l astc
hat
ai
iopr
s opylal
cohol I ead of swabbi t access pori of t LAV t di nf t
. nst
ng he
ton
he
o si ec
i bef e each i r
t or
ntavenous acces Cur changes t ' si ecton par gm . As
s, os
he ' nf i
di
adi '
'
shown bel ,afereach access t nur si pl r
ow t
he se m y emoves a f lcoverand ft a gr
oi
i
s
een

Cur s c ov t e i e pod o t L ( u t diif tan c tnu sy prt t
o ap er h nlt
f he AV ble) o sn ec d on i ou l o ec
t LAV fom t
he
r ouch oraibor cont i i
r ne
am naton:

W ih Cur t LAV i al
t
os he
s ways cl and di nf ed.
ean
si ect
Over ew oft Asser ed Pat
vi
he
t
ent
The $ pat was I
186 ent
i
censed by I a fom is i
ver r t nvent s,M r Lake and M r
or
.
.
Tennant I a fr tI ned oft $ pat twhen i was i ii as prorad by
. ver is ear
he 186 en
t
dentfed
i

Def
endantExc si i a chal
el or n
l
enge t t val t ofcerai I a pat s on
o he i y
di
t n ver
ent
di nf tng caps. The appl i t I t t i
si ec i
i on hat ed o he ssuance oft . pat was fl
cat
he 186 ent
i
ed
on June 20,2003,and t $ pat i
he 186 ent ssued on Oct
ober16,2007,
The . pat di oses and cl m s a d
186 ent scl
ai
'
decont i i devi f
am naton
ce or
decont i i m edi appar us. Exh. Abstac .Gener l t i
am natng
cal
at '
A,
r t
al he nventon i a
y,
i s

di nf i cap w ih a housi t cont ns a sponge orot di
si ectng
t
ng hat
ai
her spenserand a
decont i i compound t cont st medi appar usw hen i i pl
am natng
hat
act he
cal
at
t s aced i
n

t housi I ,c .1,I 40- The cap al i udes a stuct e f 'em ovabl
he
ng. d. ol l 48.
.
so ncl
r ur or'
r
y
engagi t housi t t medi appar us. I ,col 1,I.47ng he
ng o he
cal
at ' d. . I 48.
'
Thi s r t e m ay be a '
s tuc ur
'
snap- s r ur '
on t uct e'such as ' el i l
'
an astcal
y

def m abl i dl diec ed pr r on on t housi whi ft ar
or
e, nwar y r t
otusi
he
ng ch is ound a pori
t
on
oft m edi appar us whent podi i pl
he
cal
at
hat
on s aced i t housi ' I ,col 1,I.
n he
ng. d. . I
'

4754. An exam pl ofsuch a stuct e i shown i Fi es 1 and 2 bel , ih Fi
e
r ur s
n gur
ow w t g.
1 showi t devi prort use,and wih Fi 2 showi t devi i use wih t
ng he
ce i o
t g.
ng he
ce n
t he

h d ofa se ho c ( en ed b andn dl die t d p otu i 44'
ea
t t s ope 36) gag y ' war y r c e r r son '
i
:
2

1
4

1
0

X 1
#

Me c l pa aus
dia Ap r t

2

K

w..
.'
'
*

.
.

&

&, Q* *.
* .

. .* @ v
*p * +

Housi
ng

Q'
$ * x*
.4@ *

.

.û

o v

*O

+

*@

.

w

D

*

3
6

1
8

ys yartpad
or j

.
.

'(
j

. .

FI . ï
*

e o
e *. . *@ $
'

.

.
' @ **% ew?'
.ö
..
@ .o
.
v O. *.*
W
'
4
'
.

8

*

' ..
o

A

..
@;

*
.
.
o ' '#
Q
* M . o ..
-

p

.

4
0

Fl .2
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q .

( g.set s op )
e. , t ho c e
CI Q U t 6 $O
I UC c CU iU
U

%. .jq*
Q*

.

-

.

o -o.. $
- .
1 o
.
. *@ . .

I
Q

j
e

B.

The Accused Pr
oduc s
t

l a accuses varous di n ectng cap pr
ver
i
sif i
oduct m anuf ur by Excel orof
s
act ed
si
i rngi cl ms 1,2,5,7,8,and 13 t 1 Pat .The accused pr
nfi ng ai
he 186
ent
oduct ar sol
s e d

by Excel orunderis Swabcap@ br and by Covi en underi Kendal br
si
t
and
di
t
s
l and,
@
and i ude bot st al di nf i caps and di nf i caps t ar
ncl
h and- one si ectng
si ectng
hat e

packaged t herw ih ori egr ed i o a 'l s i ' The st al ver on
oget
t
nt at nt lush yrnge.
f
'
and- one si
ofSwabcap i shown i an exam pl fom an Excel orm ar i pice her
s
n
e r
si
ketng e
e:

.z

.

exy
f: .
-.
-

w'
J

'
h
;

y so .,
.
%

c'
,
,

.

.
.

é
.

î'th'E r#lt'-.:'.t i I.:4kr 1117tqI?
kk/tt .@tC'.ti p ' ! E41lz ;!>d' h
,r %t' !: $b''1 2 t p I2'j: :tt z i
fl r . r- . i'
y . .t- .
) ?
:iùl 1 p l k
l
l d
cal ermai enance and i edi pr
het
nt
nf on event .
'
e
L Ssabcar
et v
i
y
ou'
AAe , * diifc axspot t ofledte sc r or
h
G snm e
r ecln rl z s onmct s
t h

@

7+4 l as a d11
PA
$*

Y

.

'

*

kt Aoo- Va e wlh
er
e
t

t .ne ' t r. :a k cwec
e fG e v ri k.
e

a%m f pet a
, o ooc

*V1
rl ïe a re-. eqompl nce
rott
n
i
a
tC ef 75-7tme
: ev * 1. 1
%
.
*E> t: a% g t a c d n e s co
I
t e t c eA
e
e do s

, s li kdvd
a t s q li

1
a%

tDIi S4IP4 Y 4t ot n
I Ayj t/ê tet ke

)(9j?,j'/'.
ttq1''.'tn
.'ëLC r.'
)yj.. t:
.)L t
jjè 4 j
))p
A
b
kh;jg . .j
i),- .
i.y
,s
'

'''.)t(.
'.Jqv-è .
)'ll' .
':'. .
','
'.
.ti
''
'
r
.
(.

'%
.

. .
.
( j.
..
,.
:
' k.
:L
ï
t
..

(

.

q
;
'

'.

.
j

.!
.v ,
,.
.
,
!' t
z
)
k
*v)kg'.,-' ' ''.k .'
1i#ùjI ' ' * .'
))1?.j
's .:i
' /
;f.jj
I
1

ty,.., .,... ;.
' .g.s ,. 4z
ks
,
p':.
f;
;)
r
8
..
..
.,

.
.
.

;
'

.

''
+'
'
yj
.
. ''. '.''), '.,
.' ' y
u

,; ,
. r

: .
.

,-. ..
.. .
. '
)
.

sxasxap y p.naws jtu rç,rrjkjoj pso!wo
o u 'a
x
jr ; ;/qej - .
f ,
o
j
V/ifi xc ibkil1ï+tm'c-'1$ t.
tlit ' ) ttt ùf clq t. +4l>
litW *hl hy f ' tb *
i
'
e
p ck
a
a- se %
d tr

These accused di nf i caps diecty com pet w ih Cur i t m ar et
si ectng
r l
e t
os n he
k .
oduc s atach t t sam e
t t
o he
See,Exh.B t HangadnerDecl AI oft accused pr
o
. l he
m edi appar us as Cur and ar used f t sam e pur
cal
at
os,
e
or he
pose and f i i t
uncton n he

sam e envionment and i ude bot s and- one di nf i caps and di nf tng
r
s,
ncl
h t al
si ectng
si ec i
capst ar packaged t herwih ori egr ed i o a dl syrnge.
hat e
oget
t
nt at nt 'ush i '
f
Tur ng t t t ms t ar ati
ni o he er hat e ssue,as an i talm ater Inot t I a
nii
t ,
e hat ver
cl m s t 'he assered cl ms oft 1 Pat t ar sufi enty cl on t r
ai hat '
t
t
ai
he 186
en e fci l ear
hei

f e ( d t atno c s r t i r qui '( 30 4) Th frtt ee dipued
ac an ) h
on tuci s e r ' DE - . e i hr s t
on
ed.
s
t ms: ( ) ' c appar u ' ( ) Snero i sr t r f r
er
1 '
medial
at s' 2 ' t lckng tuc u e or emov y
;
i
abl
9

,
.
7L
i
.
,
.

en ng 'an ( ' as ial d or l iwar y di t pr tuson on s d
gagi n d 3) el tc l ef mabe, n dl r ed o r i
,
y
ec
ai
housi ' each com e f om Cl m . ' oft $ 86. The f
ng,
'
r
ai 1 ' he 1
1.
oudh di ed t m ,
sput er
'l bl pori ' i f
fexi e
ton, s ound i Cl m . ' And t I di ed t m , 'ndi a
'
n ai $
2.
he ast sput er s ci
i
pr di i or aton concer ng, i f
ovi ng nf m i
ni ' s ound i Cl m 1 '
n ai $ '
7.

These Cl m s appearas f l
ai
ol
ows,w ih t di ed t m s underi
t he sput er
lned:
C I i 1.
am

1.A decont i i devi f decont i i m edi
am naton
ce or
am natng
cal
annar us,comprsi
at
i ng:
a housi ,
ng'
an absor
bentpad caryi a decont i i com pound
r ng
am natng
wihi sai housi ,
t n d
ng'
and i erocki s r t e f r
nt l nn tuc ur or emovabl encani sai housi t a
v
nc d
ng o
podi ofsai m edi appar us,
on
d
cal
at wher sai absor
eby d
bentpad i
s
pl
aced i o cont twih sai pori ofsai medi appar us
nt
ac t
d ton
d
cal
at
upon engagement
and r oved fom cont tupon di
em
r
ac
sengagem ent sai i erocki s r ur
, d nt l ng tuct e
com prsi atI
i ng eastone el i l def m abl i ar v diect
astcal
v
or
e, nw dl r ed
nr r on on sai housi
ot usi
d
ng

Cl m 2.
ai

2. The decont i i devi of cl m 1,wher n sai housi
am naton
ce
ai
ei
d
ng
com prses a fexi e nodi t f lat t r
i
l bl
on o acit e he emovabl engagem ent
i
e
t sai m edi i tum ent i
o d
calns r
aton

Cl m 7.
ai

7.The decont i i devi of cl m 1, wher n sai housi
am naton
ce
ai
ei
d
ng
c prses i ci pr di
om i
ndi a
ovi nn i or i
nf maton concer nn sai
ni
d
decont naton devi
ami i
ce.

THE PROPOSED CO NSTRUCTI
ONS
1 u edi appar us'
m cal
at '
I a' Pr
ver s oposed Const ucton
r i

Excel ors Pr
si ' oposed Const ucton
r i

' edi appar us'
'
m cal
at '

' edi appar us t comes i o cont t
m cal
at hat
nt
ac
wih m or t one patentand has a
t
e han
i
cont surace f decont i i wih t
act f
or
am natng t h
decont i i devi '
am natng
ce'

10

As i cat above,l a' posii i t t s t m does notr r
ndi ed
ver s
ton s hat hi er
equie

cons r ton. I a,howevers at t any efor t f m ul e som e aler i
t uc i
ver
t es hat
f t o or at
t natve
constucton i r
r i n esponse t Excel ors pr
o
si ' oposed constucton di notyi d any
r i d
el
al natve t di noti pr l i por Im iatonsfom t specii i
t
er i hat d
m opery m t i t i
r he
fcaton. I a'
ver s
pr
oposed cons r i t ef e,i t pl n I
t ucton, her or s he ai anguage oft cl m , hi uses t
he ai w ch
he
t m S edi appar us'i is or nar and cust
er '
m cal
at 'n t di y
omar m anner I r cl i s that
y
. ve a a m

not ng i t I
hi n he anguage oft cl m s I is t s t m t any padi art ofm edi
he ai i t hi er o
m
cul ype
cal
appar us.
at
Furher I a ass t t t s constucton i s r y suppoded by t
t , ver
ers hat hi
r i s tongl
he
specii i w hi uses t t m '
fcaton, ch
he er s
medi appar us'br y and i accor
cal
at ' oadl
n
dance wih
t
is or nar meani Rel ng on t Abstac ,I a st es t i i cl t t
t di y
ng. yi
he
r t ver at hat t s ear hat he
cl m ed '
ai
'
decont i i devi can be used w ih many di er m edi appar us.
am naton
ce
t
f ent
f
cal
at '

Exh.A,
Abstact I a I l assers t t pat specii i si i l i cat
r . ver asty
t hat he ent
fcaton m l y ndi es
ar
t t 'nventon i sui e f m any dif entmedi appar us. I t . I.25hat he i
i s t
abl or
fer
ca!
at ' d. col4, I
'
26.

I r
n esponse,Excel orasseds t i pr
si
hat t oposed constucton of'
s
r i
medi
cal
appar us'derves fom t di osur oft $ pat isel. Specii l
at ' i
r he scl e he 186 ent t f
fcal
y,
Excel orasseds t t specii i l
si
hat he
fcaton ends suppod t i pr
o t oposed constucton i
s
r i n
t o not e pl
w
abl aces. The fr i t '
ist s he ' gr
Back ound oft l
he nventon'sec i oft $
i ' ton he 186
pat wher t pr em t al
ent
e he obl he l
eged i
nventon i i ended t addr i descrbed.
i s nt
o
ess s
i
Thi sec i i ii t pr em t l
s ton dentfes he obl he nventon i i ended t sole i 'he
i s nt
o v s'
t

tansm i on ofi ec i di e...padi ary t ough t us ofm edi
r
ssi
nf tous seas
cul l hr
he e
cal

a art s s. (1 Paen a c .1,I 6- 6) Th lv t ss a e,'l h l g
pp a u e ' .86 t t t ol l 3 . e n en or t t 'i as on
'
.1
Et

11

been known t m edi i r ent m ustbe decont i ed,i or t pr
hat
cal nstum s
am nat n der o event
t spr ofi ec i di
he ead nf tous sease am ong dif entpatent wih whom t m edi
fer
i s t
he
cal

a r u c mesi c ac '(d.a c .1 I 7- ) (
ppa at s o
n ont t' I t ol ,I 21) empha sadde .Th
.1
si
d) e

Iv t s a t al no e t at' l medc ap at s s hass e ho opes ar
n en or ddion l t h 'some
i y
l
ial par u , uc
t t sc , e
dec t n ed onl i r enl. (d. t127 28 ) Ac r n y,Ex eli as eds
onamiat
y nfequ t ' I a : - ). co digl c sor s
y'
t t ' pat was i ended t addr t tansm i on ofif i di
hat he 186 ent
nt
o
ess he r
ssi
n ectous sease

t ou t e u e ofs ar medial
hr gh h s
h ed
c appar u (ore ampl a set os o a g
at s f x e, t h c pe) mon
dif entpatent Accor ng t Excel or t
fer
i s.
di o
si , hese st em ent suppor is constucton
at
s
tt
r i

o ' ial par u 'a d iest t' omeg i o c ac wi mor t an on
f' c ap at s' s evc ha l
med
c
nt ont t t
h eh
e
patent' See Tr ng Technol es I ' I v.espeed,I ,595 F. 1
i .
'
adi
ogi nt, nc.
l
nc.
3d 340,1353

( Ci. 0)(min s opeofiv tonwher t sp ica i s aed t tt e
Fed. r 201 I t g c
i i
n en i
e he ecf t t t ha h
i on

'h pr enti en i ad es est spr em wi a on cik c t i f t en.
' e es nv t
t
on dr s hi obl
t
h
e l ener ea ur )
c
ng
Consi entwih t Backgr
st
t he
ound s i t specii i al descrbes dhe
ecton, he
fcaton so
i '
t

ive ton'a ' ui e' or'al y medi l ar t whc c s it c t c wi
n ni ' s ' t ' ' n
s abl f l
ca app a us ih ome n o on a t t
h
mor t one patentand has a cont tsurac sui e f decont i i wih t
e han
i
ac
f e t
abl or
am natng t he

d on amia i devc can b us d. ( A (18 pa en )a c . I 25 29) I
ec t n ton ie
e e ' Ex. . 6 t t t ol4,I - . n
'
.
d n s t I en or defn S dial ppar u 'asdevc ( )us d wi m utpl
oig o,he nv t s ie ' c a at s'
me
ies: 1 e t li e
h

pa i t an ( )t tha e a c t ts f c t b dec t na ed.Th t onl
t s d 2 ha v
en
onac ura e o e on ami t
at he y
m edi appar uses expr y di osed i t specii i - a st hoscope and a
cal
at
essl scl
n he
fcaton
et
defbrl orpaddl - m eett e t crt i l
i iat
l
e
hos wo iera ends f
udhersuppor t t s noton.
t o hi
i
Excel ors constucton t em br
si '
r i hus
aces t s defnii and pr des t sam e t
hi
i ton
ovi
he
wo

crt i as t I
i a
er
he nvent s'defnii oft edi appar us. See ASM Am erca,I e.
or
i ton ' cal
m
at '
'
i nc.

Genu ;I .401 F.d 1
s nc,
3 340,1 43 ( ed. r 2005 ( fimig c tuci t tI t
3 F Ci. ) a f n onsr ton ha i ed
r
mi

12

cai s op i ve ofwh t s ecic tont gh as' i e'f t e iv ton .
l m c e n iw
at he p f a i au t s t 'or h n en i )
i
su abl
Excel orasseds t is pr
si
hat t oposed cons r i does noti r
tucton
ntoduce Im i i fom
i t ons r
at
t specii i butr her i i i er etng t cl m t m i a m annerconsi ent
he
fcaton,
at ,t s nt pr i he ai er n
st

wih t specii i and how t I
t he
fcaton
he nvent s't sel descrbed t row n
or hem ves
i
hei
i
nventon. See,e. ,/ M et / B.Al i M ed.Sys. 558 F. 1368,1374i
g. CU
i, nc.
ars
,
3d
76

( ed.Ci 2009 .
F
r
.
)
Excel ornex assers t t pr
si
t
t hat he osecuton hi or oft $ Pat pr des
i
st y he 186 ent ovi
addii suppor f is pr
tonal
t or t oposed constuc i Forexam pl t ' pat
r ton.
e, he 186 ent

dico esan ata hmen de c ( uc a a Iny d) whih c b u ed t c ec
s ls
tc
t vie s h s a ar , c an e s o onn t
t e cl m d on amiat de c t t e medialap a u b ween u es. $86
h ai ec t n i
on vie o h
c
par t s et
s (1
he nvent s spoke oft s atrbut durng
or
hi ti e i
pa en a c . I 66- 1 .W hen t i
t t t ol3, I 4: 0)
.

p os t t eys aed t t' e of h si f an ad n age o ( ei d c ( i
r ecu i h t t ha s
on,
on t e gnic t va t s f t r evie ) s
i
h )
t when connec ed by t I
hat
t
he anyar t st hoscope t ng, he decont i i
d o et
ubi t
am naton
devie can hang fom t st hoscope t ng and be r
c
r he et
ubi
eady f use bet
or
ween patent .
i s
. .

Forexam pl t st hoscope t ng t t earpi es can be pl
e, he et
ubi o he
ec
aced ar
ound t
he

doc ors neck bet
t '
ween patent ' ( n. 9,
i s. Ju 2 2005 Res s t Ofie Ac i )at9 1
'
pon e o f
c ton
- 0)

(
empha sadd .Ac or ngl Exc sora edst a t e onl r s t h e t e
si ed) c di y, eli ss
h t h y ea on o av h
l
anyar i because t m edi appar us i used w i dif entpatent
ds
he
cal
at s
t fer
h
i s.
I suppor ofi posii t lmay r y on t specii i t I i t scope of
n
t t
s
ton hat
el
he
fcaton o i t he
m

t t m ' edi appar us, Excel orcies t ASM Am erca,I v.Genus,I ,
he er ' cal
m
at '
si t o
i nc.
nc. 401

F. 1 40 ( Ci. 5) ASM Ame ia,h wev , twi cl m t m t twa
3d 3 Fed. r 200 .
rc o er deal t ai er ha s
h
specii l defned i t cl m specii i I ASM Am erca, he t m ati
fcal
y i
n he ai
fcaton. n
i t er
ssue was

13

al r t d hat he ol
owi anguage wihi t
t n he
'eac i space. The Feder Cicui hel t t f l ng I
r ton
'
'
i
nventon' specii i was an expr defnii .
i s
fcaton,
ess i ton'
t t m 'eacton space'i udes bot t spac i whi t substat i
he er '
r i
' ncl
h he
e n ch he
res
I ed and i whi t vaporphase r tons ar al
ocat
n ch he
eac i
e l
owed t r
o eactwih
t
t subs r e i or t gr t n fl s,nam el t r i cham ber as
he
tat n der o ow hi i
m
y, he eacton
,
welas t gas i l outl channel com m uni i i m edi el w ih
l he
nfow/ fow
s
catng m
at y t
t r i cham ber..
he eacton
.. Accor ng t t i
di o he nventon, he r i space i
i t eacton
s
t entr vol
he ie ume t be evacuat bet
o
ed ween t successi vaporphas
wo
ve
e
pul
ses.
The l
anguage Excel orr i on her c
si el
es
e annotbe sai t constt e an expr
do
iut
ess
defnii Accor ngl Ifnd t Excel ors cons r ton i notconsi entwih t
i ton.
di y, i hat
si '
tuc i s
st
t he

l v t s o def t a t tt e ' diar meann o (h cam I gu ge
n en or' wn i i nd ha h ' n y
nion,
or
ig f t e) li an a
( d be un sood b a p s o skli t e ad. Th Cour wi n tc s r e a
woul ) dert
y eron f i n h
l
' e
'
t l o on tu
l
cl m when t m eani orsc
ai
he
ng
ope oft wor i cl . See U. Sur calCor v.
he
ds s ear
S. gi
p.

Et c I .1 F.d 1 4,1 68( Ci.1 7) Ac or n y,Ii t a no
hion,nc, 03 3 55 5 Fed. r 99 . c digl fnd h t
cons r i i necessar
tucton s
y.
2. çnt l
' erocki st uct e f r ovabl engagi '
i
ng r ur or em
y
ng'
Exc si ' Pr
el ors oposed Const ucton
r i

l a,s Pr
ver
oposed Const ucton
r i
' r ur t r ovabl connect by
' uct e hat em
st
y
s
hooki m eshi overappi orfti
ng,
ng,
l ng, i ng
t
t her'
oget '

' r ur t r ovabl I
' uct e hat em
st
y ocks t heror
oget
unies i a I
t n ocked f on t secur y
ashi o
el
r ai '
et n'

As wih t t m l edialappar us, I a' posii i t t s t m does not
t he er d
m c
at ' ver s
'
ton s hat hi er
r r constucton as is pl n m eani i cl .To t ext t i i cons r
equie
r i
t ai
ng s ear
he ent hat t s
tued,

l a' pr
ver s oposed constucton i i ended t r l t or nar m eani oft wor of
r i s nt
o efect he di y
ng he
ds
t cl m consi entwih t specii i The specii i i cat t t s t m
he ai
st
t he
fcaton.
fcaton ndi es hat hi er
1
4

shoul be gi a br constucton, istst i t t u r ur f engagi a
d
ven
oad
r i fr atng hat he stuct e or
ng
podi oft m edi appar us can be any suiabl s r ur '' pat atcol 3,l.
on he
cal
at
t e tuct e. 186 ent
'
. l
33- Such a stuct e ' i ude cooper i t
34.
r ur ' ncl
can
atng ongue and gr
oove s r t e,sl s,
tuc ur ot
snaps,f ener and ot engagem ents r t e. I .atcol 3,I 34- I t
ast s,
her
t uc ur ' d.
'
. I 36. n he
.
em bodi entshown i Fi e 2 above,t i erocki stuct e f r ovabl engagi
m
n gur
he nt l ng r ur or em
y
ng

i descrbed as f l
s
i
ol
ows:' i dl diect pr r on 44 i f m ed i t housi 1
' nwar y r ed otusi
an
s or
n he
ng 4.
The housi 14 has suiabl fexi ly t per i fexi w hen t m edi appar us
ng
t e l bit o m t l ng
i
he
cal
at

such as a st hoscope head 36 cont s t pr r on 44.The head 36 wi t
et
act he otusi
l hen
l
i erock wih t housi 14 as shown i FI .2.
nt l
t he
ng
n G '
'
Thus,as shown i Fi e 2,t 'nt l ng stuct e f r
n gur
he ' erocki
i
r ur or emovabl engagi 'i a
y
ng' s

s r c ur ( t atr
tu t e 44) h emov yc ecs b ov l ig andfti t et er t t e
abl onn t y er n
app
i ng og h wi h
t
h
m edial
c appar us consi entwih I a' pr
at
st
t ver s oposed constucton.I podanty,t cl ms
r i m
l he ai
ar notI ied t t s specii embodi ent; so t constucton oft s t m m ustal
e
i t o hi
m
fc
m ,
he
r i
hi er
l
ow
f a f lr
or ul ange ofot i erocki stuct es t r ovabl engage t medi
her nt l ng r ur hat em
y
he
cal
appar us. Accor ng t I a,Excel ors pr
at
di o ver
si ' oposed cons r ton i pr q i pods a
tuc i m opery m
f
udherl i i t t engagem ent'ocks t heroruni i a I
i t on hat he
m at
d
l
oget
t n ocked f on t
es
ashi o
secur y r ai '
ej et n.

Ifnd t t Padi pr
i hat he
es' oposal f t s t m ar unnec
s or hi er e
essar As t Pl ntfs'
y.
o ai if
pr
oposal a per ofor nar ski i t ar woul under and t t ms 'nt l ng
,
son
di y l n he t
l
d
st
he er ' erocki
i

stuc ur f r ovabl engagi ' The Coud wi notcons r a cl m when t
r t e or em
y
ng.
'
l
l
tue
ai
he
S. gi
p.
hi
nc.
m eani orscope oft wor i cl . See &. Sur calCor ?.Et con,I ,103
ng
he
ds s ear

4 Sl r i s
d- e s hown i t dr w i embodi e swhih a epr e l pr e r i bei
rhe
n he a ngs
m nt
c r es nty ef red, t ng
und sood,howe r t tt i n in i notlmie t t pr ciea r m e sa
ert
ve , ha he nve to s
i t d o he e s range nt nd
i t e a ii s
nsum ntltes hown. f a Co .2,1 4' J. t l 1 9.
'
15

F. 1 4,1 68 ( ed. r 1 ) Nei erler n Ex eli pr i a c n n n
3d 55 5 F Ci. 997 . t v a or c sor ovde o vicig
h
r
eason f changi t
or
ng hose wor
ds.

Because t Pari pr
he tes' oposed cons r i woul onl ser t di od t
tucton
d y ve o st he
or nar and cus om ar m eani oft di ed t m , ch i r l appar ,even
di y
t
y
ng he sput er whi s eadi
y
ent

t one notofor nar ski i t ar,I i t no constucton i necessar
o
di y l n he t fnd hat
l
r i s
y.
3. ' astcaly def m abl i ar y diect pr r on on sai housi '
'
el i l
or
e, nw dl r ed ot usi
d
ng'
I a' Pr
ver s oposed Const ucton
r i

Excel ors Pr
si ' oposed Const ucton
r i

' fexi e s r ur t ext
$ l bl t uct e hat ends iw ar
a
n d

d
l
annul el tcal def m abl snapar as i l
y or
e
on

fom t housi t subst i l r qr
r he
ng hat
antal et ns
y

stucur t ext
r t e hat ends i d overt
nwar
he

t is nor al
ot
m shape aferi i def m ed'
t t s or '

medi appar us r ved i t
cal
at ecei n he
housi '
ng'

I a agai assers t no cons r i oft s t m i nec
ver
n
t hat
tucton hi er s essar as is pl n
y t ai
m eani i cl .To t ext t i i constued,I a ass
ng s ear
he ent hat t s
r
ver
eds t i pr
hat t oposed
s
cons r ton oft s t m i c
tuc i
hi er s onsit wih t or nar m eani oft cl m
s ent t he di y
ng he ai
I
anguage,and t Exc si ' cons r i amount t a whol e i podaton of
hat el ors
tucton
so
esal m
i

I iatons fom t specii i i vi aton oft m ostbasi prnci es ofcl m
i t i r he
m
fcaton n ol i
he
c i pl
ai
cons r ton.
tuc i

I a assers t t em bodi
ver
t hat he
mentshown i Fi e 2 above shows an
n gur

i erocki s r t e f r ovabl engagi t com prses ' i dl diec ed
nt l ng tuc ur or em
y
ng hat
i s nwar y r t
an
pr r on44 i f m ed i t housi 1 ' Thus, he t m 'nwar y diect
otusi
s or
n he
ng 4.
'
t er s
i dl r ed
pr r on'i pr l under ood t r ert a stuct e t ex ends iw ar yfom
otusi 's opery
st
o ef o
r ur hat t
n dl r
t housi oft decont i i devi I dnwar y diect pr r on44.
he
ng he
am naton
ce i l
ke i
dl r ed otusi
'

1
6

Thi pr r on m us al be ' astcal def m abl ' Thi i descrbed i t
s otusi
t so
' i l or
el
y
e.
' ss
i
n he
specii i w ih r
fcaton t espec t Fi e 2, hi i cat t t '
t o gur w ch ndi es hat he '
housi 14 has suiabl
ng
t e
fexi ly t per ifexi when t m edi appar us such as a st hoscope head 36
l bit o m t l ng
i
he
cal
at
et
cont t t pr r on 44.The head 36 w i t i erockwih t housi 14 as
ac s he otusi
l hen nt l
l
t he
ng
shown i FI .2. Bycom parng Fi e 1 and Fi e 2,i i cl t t pr r on 44
n G '
'
i
gur
gur
t s ear hat he otusi
i t housi i sufi en l fexi e t def m t alow f i edi oft m edi
n he
ng s fci ty l bl o or o l or ns on he
cal
appar us,t r ur t is nor al
at hen et n o t
m shape afert def m aton.
t hat or i
Accor ng t l a, hi i consit wih t or nar m eani oft t m
di o ver t s s
s ent t he di y
ng he er
' astc, w hi i com m onl under ood t m ean ' e t r
'
el i ' ch s
'
y
st
o
'
abl o esum e is nor al
t
m shape

spont
aneousl afercontacton, l aton,ordi ori ' Exh.C,New Oxf d
y t
r i di i
at
st ton.
'
or

er d or bl'i h j t or f' m ' ch
d
ve
def '
Am ercan Di i y. The t m ' ef ma e'st e adeci f m o ' or ,whi
i
ctonar
m eans ' st t shape orf m of' l
' od he
di
or . d.Thus,an ' astcal def mabl ' r ur
el i l
y or
e'stuct e
mus be fexi e and m us ' t i l r ur t i nor alshape aferi i
t l bl
t subs antal et n o t
y
s m
t ts
def m ed.
or
'
'
Ex si coun er t I a' pr
cel or
t s hat ver s oposed constucton f l t r
r i ai o ecogni t t s
s
ze hat hi

pr r on has addii atrbut whi ar defned i t i rnsi r d and
otusi
tonal ti es, ch e i
n he nti c ecor
r
ecogni by is constucton. Specii l t pr r on m ustbe an annul snapzed t
r i
fcal he otusi
y,
ar
on
s r t e t ext
tuc ur hat ends overt m edi appar us r ved i t housi because t
he
cal
at ecei n he
ng
he
specii i isel i cat t t pr r on i a '
fcaton t f ndi es hat he otusi s s
snap- s r ur '
on t uct e.
Forexam pl when descrbi t ' tuc ur f det
e,
i ng he ' r t e or achabl engagi t housi
s
y
ng he
ng
t t m edi appar us, t I
o he
cal
at ' he nvent s pr de t exam pl ofa t
'
or ovi he
e
'
snap- s r t e f
on tuc ur or

eng n a pori of h medial pp at ' (1 Pat t atc .1 I 49- ) And,
agig
t
on t e
c a ar us. .86 en ) ol ,I 51 .
'
.
as
an exam pl ofsuch a d
e
'
snap- stuct e, t I
on r ur ' he nvent s descrbe ' el i l
'
or
i ' astcal
a
y

17

de or e,n dl di t prtuson on t e hou ig. I a c . ,I51 5 .I
f mabl iwar y r ed o r i
ec
h
sn ' d. t ol1 l - 4) n
'(
.
ot erwor ,i t e Iv or ' i whl al' na on sr t el l ar n ' nels ial
h
ds n h n ent s vew, i ls p- tucur s' e ot' a t l
e s
'
a
c y
def m abl i
or
e, nwar y diect pr r onr a/such ' astcal def m abl i dl
dl r ed otusi ' /
'
' i l or
el
y
e, nwar y

di t p otu i s' r i ed t na ons r t e s . lf lws t er f e, h wh
r ed r r son 'a e nde ' p- tucur ll' t ol , h e or t at en
ec
s
o
t l en or cl med ' el i l def m abl i dl diec ed pr r on'- t
he nv t s ai
d
an astcal
y or
e, nwar y r t
otusi ' he
exactI
anguage seen i t s passage oft specii i - t wer cl m i a snapn hi
he
fcaton hey
e ai ng
on
st uct e.
r ur

I f t suppor ofis cons r ton,Excel orpoi s t t I
n urher
t t
tuc i
si
nt o he nvent s'st em ent
or at
s
bef e t BPAIwher t st ed:
or he
e hey at

I cl m 3, he s r t e f det
n ai t t uc ur or achabl engagi t housi t t
y
ng he
ng o he
m edi appar us can be el i l def m abl d
cal
at
astcal
y or
e snap- stuct e f
on' r ur or
engagi a podi oft m edi appar us....I cl m 4, t snapng
on he
cal
at
n ai 8 he
on
s r t e can be an el i l def m abl i
tuc ur
astcal
y or
e, nwar y diect pr r on on
dl r ed otusi
t housi .
he
ng

( pe Bre a 3)( i t omied .Addional ,Ex eli a s t t tt e Ivenor
Ap al if t ct i
a on t )
t
t l c sor s ers ha h n t s
i y
poi ed t Fi 1 and 2 above as depi i such S astcal def m abl '
nt o gs.
ctng
' i l or
el
y
e snapon'

s r cur ' (d.
tu t e. / )
'
Ier st es t Excel ors pr
v a at hat
si ' oposed c
onstucton i overy br because i
r i s
l oad
t

do n tr fec t e r r
es o e l t h equi
emen ofan iwar ydieced prj c i ont e h ig, d
t
n dl r t o e ton h ousn an
att sam e tm e i i overy narow because i i posest r r entt such
he
i ts
l
r
tm
he equiem
hat
stuc ur be '
r t e
'
annul 'and I ied t a t
ar'
i t o '
m
snap- stuc ur t ext
on r t e hat ends i
nwar overt
d
he
medi appar us r v i t housi '
cal
at eceied n he
ng.
'
As If
ound w ih t t m s S edi appar us'and 'nt l ng stuc ur f
t he er '
m cal
at '
' erocki
i
r t e or

r ovabl engagi 't e i notsufi en suppod f eihert br
em
y
ng, her s
'
fci t
or t he oadeni or
ng
narowi aspec s ofExc si ' pr
r ng
t
el ors oposed constucton. Rat lfnd t t i rnsi
r i
her i hat he nti c

18

r d es abl
ecor t i
shes t t '
hat he '
snap- 'di
on' scussi Exc si poi s t wer m er y
on
el or nt o
e
el
di y, i hat ver s oposed
exam pl and notcl I i i
es,
ear i t ons. Accor ngl Ifnd t I a' pr
m at
cons r i i I l appr i e.
t ucton s egaly
oprat
4. 'l bl podi '
' exi e
f
on'

I a' Pr
ver s oposed Const ucton
r i

Excel ors Pr
si ' oposed Const ucton
r i

t on t can bend wihoutbr ng'
d
podi hat
t
eaki '

' pori oft housi t out dl
'
a ton he
ng hat war y
yi ds, ch i nott el i l
el whi s
he astcal
y
def m abl i dl diec ed pr r on'
or
e, nwar y r t
ot usi '

As Idi pr ousl wih t t m 'nt l ng stuct e f r ovabl engagi 'l
d evi y t he er ' erocki
i
r ur or em
y
ng,
'
fnd t t Padi pr
i hat he
es' oposal f t st m ar unnecessar As t Pl ntfs'pr
s or hi er e
y.
o ai i
f oposal
,
a per ofor nar ski i t ar woul under t t t m 'l bl pori ' The
son
di y l n he t
l
d
s and he er 'exi e ton,
f
'
Coud wilnotconstue a cl m when t m eani orscope oft wor i cl . See
l
r
ai
he
ng
he
ds s ear

U. Sur ia Cor v Et c ,I . 1 3 F. 1 5 1 8 ( d. r 1 7) Iid t t
S. gc l p. . hion nc , 0 3d 5 4, 56 Fe Ci. 99 , fn ha
l a' pr
ver s oposali a good defnii butt i i unnec
s
i ton,
hat t s
essar Excel ordoes not
y.
si
pr de a convi ng r
ovi
nci eason f changi t
or
ng hose wor The or nar and cust ar
ds.
di y
om y
meani oft di ed t m i r l appar ,even t one notofor nar ski i t
ng he sput er s eadi
y
ent
o
di y l n he
l
ad. Accor ngl I i t no constucton i necessar
di y, fnd hat
r i s
y.
5. 6ndi a pr di i or aton concer ng'
' ci ovi ng nf m i
i
ni '
I a' Pr
ver s oposed Const ucton
r i

Excel ors Pr
si ' oposed Const ucton
r i

' gn,m ar orot i caton ofa pr
'
si
k,
her ndi i
opedy ' ar ngs i catng pr tes or
' ki ndi i
m
operi
orchar ers i '
act itc'
char ers i of'
act itcs
Unl som e oft ot t m s ati
i
ke
he her er
ssue i t s case,t s t m does r r
n hi
hi er
equie
som e cl ii i The Padi cons r i ar al osti i ,
arfcaton.
es
tuctons e m
dentcal and durng t
i he
19

Hearng, hey agr t t f l ng cons r ton,whi i si pl a r at
i t
eed o he olowi
tuc i
ch s m y est ement

ofbot oft rpr
h hei oposed cons r tons:' ar ngs,si
tuc i
' ki
m
gns,orcol i catng
or ndi i
pr tes orchar ers i of'
operi
act itcs .
'
l concl on,i i
n
usi t s

ORDERED and ADJUDG ED t t di ed t m s shal have t
hat he sput er
l
he
cons r tons setf t her n.
tuc i
orh ei

DONEa dOR RE iCh mb r, t s P l B a h Foiat ZY
n DE D n a esa We t am e c , lr i
d s
day ofAprl 201
i
, 4.

1

/

/
ALD M ,M I
DDLEBROO KS
NI
TED STATES DI
STRI JUDG E
CT

20