FREESTREAM AIRCRAFT USA LTD. v. CHOWDRY

Filing 157

ORDER DENYING DEFENDANT RONNI CHOWDRY'S MOTION TO DISMISS AMENDED COMPLAINT AND/OR FOR MORE DEFINITE STATEMENT [DE 120]:denying 120 Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim. Signed by Magistrate Judge William Matthewman on 3/7/2018. (kza)

UN I
TED STATES D I
STRI COU RT
CT
SO UTHERN D I
STRI O F FLORI A
CT
D
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N
S
O
SM SS
AM ENDED CO M PLAI AND/ FO R M ORE DEFI TE STATEM ENT I 1
NT
OR
NI
DE 201

THI CAUSE i beor t Cour upon Deenda ,RonniChowdr s Cr e e nf'
S
s f e he
t
f nt
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f nda )

M oi t Dimis Ame d Compl ntandorf M or Defnie Sttme (s oto ' g
ton o s s
nde
ai
/ or e i t ae nt l in' DE
M
)
1 . Plitf,Fr sr m Aicaf USA Lt s ai if),fl a r pons g 1 ,and
201 anif ee tea
rr t
d.(ç ntf ied es e DE 381
pl
Dee ntfldarpl ( 1 1 Thematri now rpef rviw. TheCour ha c r f l
fnda ie e y DE 41.
te s
i or e e
t s a euly
c i r t f lngsa a t c e s t e o, wel ast e ie doc ti t sca e
ons de ed he ii
nd ta hm nt her t as l he ntr
ke n hi s .

BACKGROUND
Pli iffl iso i nalc
antf ied t rgi ompli i t sc e on J y l1 201 Se DE 1 Pli if
ant n hi as
ul , 6. e
. antf

tl a Amende Compli ( 1 1 on De embe 27,2017,wih la ofCour. The
ied n
d
ant DE 09
c r
t e ve
t
Am e d Com pl i a d t c por t def nda s a l ge a ne cl i f pi c ng t
nde
a nt dde he or a e
e nt , le d
w a m or er i he

c r o ain v i,a d a s re a n w cam f r u j s e rc me t M o e s e iial,t e
o p rto el n s etd e li o n u t n ih n .
r p cfc ly h
Am e d Co pli al ge pir i t c or t ve lagans De e nt Ron Cho y,
nde
m a nt le s e cng he op a e i
i t f nda s
ni
wdr

Ata Aviton LLC,AtasAviton Sal & Le i LLC,a AtasLuxur J t LLC t t
ls ai
l
ai
es
asng
nd l
y es
comt
1

1;c n e so a an tDee d n sAta Av ai n Ata Sae ,a d Ch wd y ( u t2 ;u j s
) o v ri n g is fn a t ls ito , ls ls n o r Co n ) n u t
enrc e agans Def nda t Atas Aviton,Ata Sa e ,Chowdr nd Ata Luxur J t
ihm nt i t e n s l
ai
ls l s
y,a
ls
y es

( t3) cvit h i vi ai ofs ton772.1 Fl i Stt e ,agans Dee ntChowdr
Coun ; i l he n olton eci
1 , orda auts i t fnda
y
( un 4) a cvi t f i vi aton ofs ci 81 01 Flrda Stt e ,a ns Defnda
Co t ; nd i l he t n ol i
e ton 2. 4, o i auts gai t e nt

Ch wd y( u t5 . g n e Co l, 1 1
o r Co n ) Ame d d mp .DE 7 .
M O TI N ,R ESPO N SE.A ND R EPLY
O
M oton
i

l t M oton,Def nda tr ta g st tt Am e d Compl i s d be dim is
n he
i
e nt is r ue ha he
nde
ant houl
s s ed
be aus i c ai vague boie pl t a s - un alega i , e pe i ly i pa ag a 1
c e t ont ns
, l r a e, nd hot g
l tons s c a l n r r ph 4.

( 1 a pp.4- . Deenda f t raguest tnoneoft alegai i paa aph 1 ae
DE 20 t
61
f nt urhe r
ha
he l tons n rgr 4 r
s
uppode by a e de e a t t t a l ga i as t Atas Luxur J t a e e pe i ly
d
ny vi nc nd ha he le tons
o l
y e s r s c al

i oper I a p.6. Def nda a s t t t i Atas Luxur J t was c eaed afe t
mpr . d t
e nt s ers ha ,snce l
y es
r t
tr he
unde l ng ta f off
ryi r nser undsa is i t sc e,a t r i no e denc t tAta Luxur J t
t s ue n hi as nd he e s
vi e ha l s
y es
e r r c ve a oft m one t twa tans e r d fom Tyr s W i t alegai a i t
ve e ei d ny
he
y ha s r f re r
u
ng, he l tons gans
Atas Luxur J t ar pr bie I a pp. 7- N ext Def nda c e
l
y e s e ohi t d. d t
8.
,
e nt ont nds t t Pl i tf s
ha a n if
a l ga i
le tons r ga di t c por t D e enda s i pa a a
e r ng he or a e
f
nt n r gr phs 83- a e a s va
88 r l o gue a
nd

c l or and a e not pl wih s cii t a pa tc a iy, a r quie whe faud e
onc us y
r
ed t pe fciy nd ri ul rt s e r d
n r ulnt
c
onduc i bei alege 1 a p.9. D e e nt m ai ai t t i t Cour de e m i t t
t s ng l d. d. t
f nda
nt ns ha , f he
t t r nes ha
di m i s l i i ppr i t t Cour s d or r Pl i i ft pr de a m or de i t s a e e
s s a s na opra e, he
t houl de a ntf o ovi
e fnie t t m nt
a t t a l ga i c ai i pa agr phs 1 a 8 88. 1 a p.1
s o he le tons ont ned n r a
4 nd 3d. t 0.

Def nda ne a guest tt Am e d Compl i i pr ry brngsca e ofaci n
e nt xt r
ha he
nde
ant m ope l i
us s
to

f cvit ta c
or i l hef nd onveri whe a e e sve ba a ee
son n n xprs r l gr menti alege t exit ( 1 a
s l d o s. DE 20 t
p.1 . Dee nta s t t Fl i lw ha e tbls dt tfiur t pa moni dueunde a
01
fnda sers hat orda a s sa ihe ha al e o y
es
r
2

c r d d s nota
onta oe
mountt c vi t torconve son. f De e ntnot t tPli if ha
o i l hef
ri
#.
f nda
es ha a ntf s
op e nott tl a br ac of c r d c us of a ton a emphasz t tt alege ve ba
td
o ie
e h
onta a e
c i nd
ies ha he l d r l
c r t t s not i i nt t t a lge c
ontac i
wa
nc de al o he le d onveri or ale d cvi t f' but r t wa
son
l ge i l he t
'
aher s
û e r lt t m oni t ta e alege t have bee w r uly t ke a t a e m entgo r d
ç nt a o he
c
es ha r l d o
n ongf l a n s he gr e
ve ne

t ha i a dibur e e oft f nds' 1 a p.1 Def ntcon e t tPl ntf s
he ndlng nd s s m nt he u . d. t 2.
'
enda
t nds ha ai if
c am sof c ve son a cvi t f m us be dim is d bec us Pl i if f ie t alege i t
li
on r i nd i l he t t
s se
a e antf a ld o l n he

Amende Com pl ntt t a ûs r t s r ga e e c ow or tus a ountwas c eaed,nort t
d
ai ha tepa a e eg e t d s r
r t cc
r t
ha
onewasr quesedt be c e t d, o ke p t m oni s par t fom ATLAS AVI ON ' ge a
e t o
r a e t e he
es e ae r
ATI S ner l
oper tng a count' I a p.1 l s , e nta guest tCount I,l a V s ul be
ai c
.' d t 3. n um Def nda r
ha
s I V, nd ho d
dimis d f f iur t sae acli upon whih r le c n begr e I a p.1
s s e or a l e o t t
am
c ei f a
antd. d t 4.
Fi ly,De e ntas e t t tt Am e d Compl i i o ry bxngs a cai f
nal
f nda
s rs ha he
nde
ant mpr pe l i
l m or

unu t e rc me t wh n a e p e s a r e nt i alg d t e it ( 1 0 a p. 1 1
j s n ih n e n x r s g e me s le e o x s. DE 2 t
4.
Dee da t o tn ta ç cam fru j s e rc me tc n o lewh na e rs a r e n i
fn n c ne ds h t 1 li o nu t n ih n n n t i e n xp e s g e me t s
a
a l t ha e s e g r ng t r a i hi oft pa te .' I Def nda a s c ends
lege o ve xi t d ove ni he el tons p
he r i s ' d.
e nt l o ont

t a u j s e rc me tc n o y b pe d d i t e atr aie i t p an if alg st a t e
h t n u t n ih n a nl e la e n h l n tv f he litf le e h t h
e
co r c bewe n t pa tes i i ld. I
nta t t e he ri s nvai
d

He a gues t t Count 1l s d t e or be
r
ha
1 houl her f e

di m i s
s s ed. I a p.15.
d. t
Response

I rs
n e pons Pl i if fr t a gue t tt e us of a i of pi r i t c por t ve l
e, a ntf i s r s ha he a e
d on
e c ng he or a e i
a ns D ef nti pr r y pl d t derFl i l w a t tt alega i i pa ag a 1 and
gai t enda s ope l e m
orda a nd ha he l tons n r r phs 4

83- mor t n s if Rul 9. ( 1 a pp.3- . Pli ifne poi soutt tt Cour
88 e ha atsy e
DE 38 t
6) antf xt nt
ha he
t
c nno l pa tt f urc r r oft Am e d Co pl i i r i ont m o i t dimi s s
a t ook s he o o ne s he
nde m ant n ulng he ton o s s , o

t Cou ts d no consde t e bist tr ie f c ua diput s a t c t t moton t
he
r houl t
i r he xhi t ha a s a t l s e ta hed o he
i o
dimis 1 a p.6.
s s . d. t

W ih r gad t t c ri a ci lt tc us ofa ton (
t e r o he onveson nd vi hef a es ci Count I,I a V)
s l V, nd ,
Pl i if ar ue t t Def nda has wai d hi m oton t di m i s as t e c
a ntf g s ha
e nt
ve
s
i o s s
hos ount w e e a s
s r lo

c nane i t o ii lc mp an . g 1 8 a p 6 7 . Ne t Plitf n ts ta,i hs
o t i d n he rgna o lit DE 3 t p. - 1 x , anif o e h t n i
orgi a we t t o i nalcompl nt Def ndan a nc a afim ai def ns t theha
i nal ns r o he rgi
ai , e
t dva ed n fr tve e e ha
d
ne re e e i o a c r c wih Pl ntf r r ng t f ndsa is
ve ntr d nt ny onta t t ai if ega di he u
t s ue. I a p.7. Pli tf
d t
a n if
a gue t tt Co ts d no ,t a moton t dimis e
r s ha he ur houl t t
on
i o s s , ngage i t f t diput ove
n he acual s e r
whe he t pa te e
t r he ris' xpec ai f
t tons onne a c r t lr a i hi orwha t t r sofs h a
d ontacua eltons p
t he e m
uc
c r c w oul be i ed,e D e e nt .a is i hi m oton t tt t r s oft pu pore
onta t
d ; nde
ven f nda . . dm t n s
i ha he e m
he r t d
c r tw e e no a ee upon by t pa tes' I a pp.7- Pl ntf a s r s t ti pr ry
ontac r t gr d
he r i .' d t
8. ai i f s e t ha t ope l

pe cvit e tc n e so , n u j te rc me t a dt a i ne e alg da y c nr c. I .a
ld i l h f, o v ri n a d nus n ih n, n h t t v r le e n o ta t d t
pp.8 1 Fi ly, a ntf a gue t tD e enda ' afi tve def ns ofunc ea ha doe not
- 2. na l Pl i if r s ha f
nt s f nna i
e e
l n nds s

s
uppor dim is loft Ame d Compl i . 1 a pp.1 1
t s sa
he
nde
ant d t
2- 3.
Re v
pl

l r pl Def nda fr ta g t ti i S ls tl d t tapary c n a s r t f iu et
n e y, e nt is r ues ha t s t -e te ha
wel
t a s e t he al r o
sae acai upon whi r le c n begr nt d a a tme,i udi up t ti l and t tt r c n
tt l m
ch e if a
a e t ny i ncl ng
o ra ,
ha he e a

beno wai roft sdee e. g 1 a p.2) Deenda as c e t tt Ame d
ve hi fns ' DE 41 t
'
. f nt lo ontnds ha he
nde
Compl ntmadene aleg tonst tbr de t s
ai
w l a i ha oa ned he copeoft c e,s hewa alowe t ç e d
he as o
s l dos a
pl
a wat
ne s hough i we et orgi c
t r he i nal ompl i fl by t Pl i if' I a p. Def nda next
ant ied he antf . d t 3.
'
e nt
a s r st t w hie Pl ntf ar s i isr s
s e t ha , l ai i f gue n t e pons t tt A m e d Com pl i doe notaleg t
e ha he
nde
a nt s
l e he
e senc oft c r c , he A m e
xi t e he ont a t t
nded Co pl ntdoe i f c ale t e s e e ofa conta i
m ai
s n a t l ge he xi t nc
r ct n
pa a a
r gr phs 1 32- a 38. 1 a pp.4- D e e
, 33, nd
d. t
5. f ndan a gue t Pl ntf ,t r f e c
t r s hat ai if he e or , annot
4

mananc u e ofa to frcv l h f,c n e so o u j te rc me t 1 . De e d n as
it i a s s ci n o ii t e t o v rin, r nus n ih n . d
fn a t lo
c endst tt e i no r r m e t tPli tf aleg a wrte r t rt n aver l c r t
ont
ha her s equie nt ha a n if l e
it n, ahe ha
ba , ontac
a t tPl ntf ha m ade no a l ga i i t Am e
nd ha ai i f s
le ton n he
nded Com pl i t tD ef nda w a a ke t
a nt ha
e nt s s d o

ke p t mone a is i a s pa a e es r a ountor s r t d a ount I a pp.5e he
y t s ue n e r t c ow cc
eg ega e cc . d t
6.
Fi ly,D e e
na l
f ndan a gues t t t A m e d Co pl nt has no be n pl d w ih t de e of
t r
ha he
nde
m ai
t e ea
t he gr e

s ik iy a pa tc art r quie by Rul 11 wih r r t t a l tons i vi Ata
pecf t nd ri ul iy e r d
e
t ega d o he lega i nvol ng l s
Luxur J t ,LLC . 1 a pp. 7.
y es
d. t 6A NA LY SI
S

G e r A pplc bl La
ne al
ia e w

Fedea Rul ofCi lPr e e 8a ( rquie ût yas ta pl n satme oft
rl e
vi oc dur ()2) e rs ionl hor nd ai t e nt he
c am s wi t tt pl a ri e il d t r i , i o dert i i t def ndan f i notc of
l i ho ng ha he e de s ntte o elef' n r o g ve he e
t ar i e
wha t ...cai i a t gr
t he
l m s nd he oundsupon whih i r ss'' Be l l i Co p.v Twombl 550
c t e t .' l Atantc r .
y,

U. 5 555(
S. 44, 2007)( i Conlyv. bs 355U. 41 47( 957). W he aco t ier
quotng e Gi on,
S. , 1 )
n ur consd s
a moton t dimispurua t Rul 1 b)6) i mus a e he fcualalegai i t
i o s s s nt o e 2( ( , t t cc ptt a t
l tons n he
c pl i a t ue a de de whe he t a l ga i ns%r i e a rghtt r le above t s ul tve
om a nt s r nd ci
t r he le t o ça s i o e i f
he pec a i

lvel' 1 a 555. tl s vi am o i t dim is a c
e . d. t
'
t- ur ve
'o
ton o s s , ompl i m us cont n s fcintf c ua
ant t
ai ufi e a t l

matr a c pe a t z,o çtt acam t rle ta i pa i l o isfc .' As r? v I b l
te, c e td s n e t sae li o eif h t s lusbe n t a e' hc o . q a ,
'
556U. 662,678(
S.
2009)( i Twombl 550 U. a 570) t cai hasfcilpl i lt
quotng
y,
S. t . 1 l m
A
a a ausbiiy
w he t pl i ifpl a f c ua con e t talow st c t o dr t r a ona e i e e e t
n he a ntf e ds a t l t nt ha l
he our t aw he e s bl nf r nc hat

t de enda i la ef t miconduc al ge ' 1
he f nt s ibl or he s
t le d. d.
'
Fa t a l s i t Ca e Shoul N otBe Cons de e a t M oton t D im i s St ge
c s t s ue n he s
d
i r d t he
i o s s a
A s a pr lm i r m a t ,t a g e s r i e by Def nda i t M oton r ga di t
e i na y ter he r um nt a s d
e nt n he
i e r ng he
unde l ng t a a ton a w he herA ta Luxur i a pr rdef nda i t s c s a e bas on
r yi r ns c i nd
t
ls
y s
ope
e nt n hi a e r
ed
5

s ii f c st ta ea is i t sc ea c nnotber l upon a t m o i t dim isphas
pecfc a t ha r t s ue n hi as nd a
ued
t he ton o s s
e,

b trte s o l b c nsd rda t es mmayj d me tsa e Be s nv QBE I s Co p.61F.
u ah r h ud e o i ee t h u r u g n tg . n o .
n. r ,
Supp. 1 1 ( D. a.201 (û aRul 1 b)6)motont dimisf fiur t saea
3d 277, 279 S. Fl
4) t
On
e 2( (
i o s s or al e o tt
cai ,t Cour c i r o y t f cor r of t co pl i ,al wih a doc nt
l m he
t onsde s nl he our ne s he m ant ong t ny
ume s

atc dt t c antori or ae i ot compl ntbyr fr e.)(ii Tel ,I .v
ta he o he ompli
nc portd nt he
ai
eeenc ' ctng labs nc .
'

M ak Is s drRi s Lt ,551 U. 308,322, 1 S. .2499,168 L. 2d 1 ( ).
or s ue
ght, d.
S.
27 Ct
Ed. 79 2007)
Si l ry,t o hou t M oton,Def nda ciest i or a i a dic r t ti notwihi
mia l hr ug t he
i
e nt t o nf m ton nd s ove y ha s
tn
t f c ne soft c
he our or r
he ompli a s d notha bee r le i am otont dimisf f l e
a nt nd houl
ve n e id n
i o s s or aiur
t s a e a cl i . See e g. DE 1 pp.7- 1 1
o tt
am
,.,
20,
8, 2- 3.

Pli ifsAle tonsAr Sufi i ntv Pld
a ntf
l aa i
e fc e l e
The Co thas c i r D e e nts ar um e s a fndst tpa agr phs 1 a 83ur
ons de ed f nda ' g nt nd
ha r a
4 nd 88
of t A m ende Com pl nt com pl w ih t pl a ng r qui e e s of Fe r Rul of Ci l
he
d
ai
y t he e di e r m nt
de al e
vi

Pr dur 8. The pa a a do notsm pl c an va a boie pl t al ga i asa gue
oce e
r gr phs
i y ont i gue nd lr ae le tons r d
b De e nt Ra he ,he pr des fcen s ii iyt gi Def nda f rno i ofwha t
y f nda . t r t y ovi ufi i t pecfct o ve e nt ai tce
t he
cai i a wha t ca m i bas on.
l m s nd
t he li s ed
D e e nta tonaly a g t tpar gr phs83- a e notpl w ih s f c e s cii t
f nda ddii l r ues ha
a a
88 r
ed t uf i i nt pe fciy

a patc aiy a rquie by Fe a Rul ofCi lPr e e 9. See Fe R.Ci P.9(
nd riulrt s e r d
derl e
vi oc dur
d.
v. b)
(equii a pat who ale faud ormit t Stt wih pa tc art t cic t es
r rng
ry
lges r
sake o l ae t riul iy he rumsanc
s

c tt i fa ofmitke' The Cour frtnotst tt c e r id on by Dee t
onsiutng rud
sa .).
t is e ha he as ele
fndan,
fesu eFounde s I .v CUC I e natonal I ,833F.Su 156 1 3 ( D.Fl 1 ) i
ir
r, nc .
ntr i , nc.
pp. 2, 57 S. a. 993, s
ditngui ha e bec us i t t cas t pl i if a l ge a c e of ac i of f a ent
s i s bl
a e, n ha
e, he a ntf le d
aus
ton
r udul
i
nduc m ent Her ,Pl i t f ha no s c f aly a s r e a c us ofa ton f f a o f a e
t
.
e a n if s t pe ik l s e t d a e
c i or r ud r r udul nt

6

i
nduce e . Rega dl s t alega i i pa agr phs83- woul c pl wih Rul 9 e n i i
m nt
r es , he l tons n r a
88
d om y t
e ve f t
a i d a t y a e sa e w ih s fc e pari a iy.
pple s he r t t d t uf i i nt tcul r t

Def nda ' Ar
e nts gume t tPl ntf HasAle a Expr s Contac I Eroneous
nt ha ai if
lced n
es
r ts r
Def nda ar st t be us Pli ifha al ge t e se ofa e e sa e m e
e nt gue ha , ca e a ntf s le d he xit nce n xpr s gr e nt
i t Am e d Compl i , ai ifha i pr ry br htcli f c vi t f, onveri a
n he
nde
ant Pl ntf s m ope l oug a ms or i l he tc
son, nd
e
ha
a
u j s e c me t1 D e endantcont nds t tparagr phs 1, 3 a 3 a s r s c a e p e s
nu t mi h n . f
2, nd 3 s e t u h n x rs
agr ent
eem .

Pa a a 1 of t Am e d Com pl nt s a e i r l nt par a f l s: l ai t f
r gr ph
he
nde
ai t t s n e eva
t s olow t n i f
pl

F e sra US brn st i a to f rcvlt e tc n eso ,a d u j s e rc me to s cfc
r ete m A ig h s cin o i i h f, o v rin n nu t n ih n f pe i
i
f ,whi h De e
unds
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Pos icil a Chowdr a ee t tt e ie $2, 950. diti i woul
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y gr d ha he ntr 580, 00 srbuton
d
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a
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g 1 9,p.7,! 321 Fi ly,Paa aph 33 algest tû ol- lit d Chowd y t ts
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Ba e on t f e ng,i i he e ORDERED AND ADJUDGED t t Def nda ,
sd
he or goi t s r by
ha
e nt
Ror i Chow dr s M o i t D i m i s A m ende Com pl i a or f M or D e i t St t m e
m
y'
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d
a nt nd/ or
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( 1 i DENI
DE 20) s
ED. Furhert Ame dCompli pr l put Defnda onnoi oft
t ,he nde
ant opery s e nt
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c am sa ns hi ,a t r f e,a m or de t saeme i no r quie Ac or ngl t t
l i gai t m nd, he e or
e fnie t t nt s t e r d. c di y, ha
pori n ofDe enda ' M oton i a s DENI
to
f nts i s lo
ED.
DONE and ORDERED i Cha
n
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s t s m
c
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ac
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.;
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ti 7< yo- rh21.
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W I A M M A TT EW M AN
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t d at
t a e udge

9