FREESTREAM AIRCRAFT USA LTD. v. CHOWDRY

Filing 160

ORDER granting in part and denying in part 136 Plaintiff's Motion to Strike Defendant Ronni Chowdry's Affirmative Defenses. Defendant's third, fourth, sixth, and seventh affirmative defenses are STRICKEN. The first affirmative defens e is stricken without prejudice to Defendant amending the first affirmative defense within seven (7) business days from the date of this Order if Defendant has a good faith basis to do so. Signed by Magistrate Judge William Matthewman on 3/12/2018. (kza)

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UNI TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT SO UTH ERN DI STRI O F FLORI A CT D Ci lNo.1 c 81 M ATTHEW M AN vi 6-v- 232FREESTREA M A I RCRA FT U SA LTD . , Pl i if antf, Fl iy LED ) VS. ' D. C. MAq 12 2 1 28 RON NICHOW DRY; ATLAS AVI ON LLC; ATI A TLA S SA LES AN D LEA SI G ,LLC; N a d ATLA S LU X UR Y J n ETS LLC, S'klb6 DlMq' z6E /L Ri tc i/N A r RE L >LR(rb . s.a. s. oFd7 -%pB o r , h = i De e nt. f nda s / O RD ER G R AN TI G I PA RT A N D DEN Y I G I PA R T PLA I TI S M O TI N TO N N N N N FF' O STRJ DEFENDANT RONNICH OW DRY ' AFFI ATI DEFENSES l 1 KE S RM VE DE 361 TH I CAUSE i be or t Cour S s f e he tupon Pl i if Fr sr m Aic af USA Lt ' antf, ee tea rr t d.s (t antf ) Moton t Sti Defnda RonniChowdr s Afimai Dee es (l oi ' dpli if' i o rke e nt y' tr tve fns çM ton' ) ( 1 . Dee nt RonniChowd y (l e f',fld ar pons ( 1 1 a Pli if DE 361 fnda , r sDefndan ) ie es e DE 45 , nd antf fldarpy ( 1 1 Th matri no rp f rr ve Th Co r h sc r f l c n iee ie e l DE 46 . e te s w i e o e iw. e u t a ae ul o sd rd y t flngsand a t c e st r t a w el ast e ie doc ti t s c s he ii ta hm nt he e o, s l he ntr ke n hi a e. BA C K G R O U N D Pl ntf f l d is orgi c pl i t i t s c e on J y 11 201 Se D E 1. Pl n i f ai if ie t i nal om a n n hi as ul , 6. e ai tf fld a Ame d d Co lit g 1 9 o De e e 2 ,2 7 wih la e o Co r.Th ie n n e mpan DE 0 1 n c mb r 7 01 , t e v f u t e A m e d Com pl i alege pi c ng t c por t ve l aga ns D e e nt Ronni Chowdr nde a nt l s er i he or a e i i t f nda s y, Ata Aviton LLC,AtasAviton Saes& Lea i LLC,a AtasLuxur J t LLC ( ls ai l ai l sng nd l y es Count 1;c n rin a an tDee d n sAta Av ain,Ata S ls a d Cho r ( u t2 ;u j s ) o veso g is f n a t ls ito ls ae , n wd y Co n ) n u t e i hm e a ns D e enda s A ta A vi ton,A ta Sa e , Chow dr and Atas Luxur J t m c nt gai t f nt l s ai ls ls y, l y es 1 ( t3 ;cvi t f i vi ai ofsci 772.1 Fl i Stt es a ns Dee n Chowdr Coun ) i l het n olton e ton 1 , orda aut , gai t fnda t y ( Count4) a cvi t f i vi ai ofs ci 81 01 Fl i Stt e ,agans Dee t ; nd i l he t n olton e ton 2. 4, orda auts i t fndan Ch wd y( u t5 . ( n e Co .DE 1 1 o r Co n ) Ame d d mpl , 7. On J nuar 5,201 De e a y 8, f ndantfl aM oton t Dim isAm e ied i o s s nded Compl i a o f ant nd/ r or Mor Dei t Sttme @ 1 . On t sme dae Defndan as fld hi Ans ra e fnie ae nt DE 201 he a t, e t lo ie s we nd Afimai Dee s st Ame e Co lit( 1 1 Hea s re t ef lo nga fr tv fr t ve f n e o nd d mp an DE 21 . s etd h olwi fimaie d fn e 'u ce n h n s lc o sa dn ,f i r t sae ac u eo a to ,lc o j rs ito , ee s s n la a d , a k f tn ig al e o tt a s f ci n a k f u idcin . u a i pr rpary. I nd m ope t d M O TI N . ESPO N SE.A ND R EPLY O R M oi ton I t M o i Pl i ifa guest tD e e n he ton, a ntf r ha f ndants unc e n ha a f nna i de e e s d ' l a nds f i tve f ns houl b src e a ii is t e ta amalro lw,mp rie t a dp eu iil f 1 6a p. ) e tik n s t s n uf n s te f a i e t n , n rj d ca . DE 3 t 3 . ki n Pl ntf s cii ly a gueswih r ga d t t uncla ha de e e t tDe e ntha f ie t ai if pe fcal r t e r o he e n nds f ns ha f nda s al d o pl d t tt r i a r a i hi bewe t ale d mico uc a Pli ifscai sort t ea ha he e s ny eltons p t en he l ge s nd t nd a ntf l m ha Plitf sp r o tdtxe a inij rdDee d n . f . tp 34. P an ifas c n e d ta anif u p re a v so n u e fn a t # a p. - litf lo o tn s h t De e nts unc e n ha de e e S e t on i m plt e de e..e uli i a m iladi f nda ' la nd f ns t ss r nco e e vi nc .r s tng n se ng porr yaloft f c s' 1 a p.4. Pli ifne a s rst tt unde n ha de e e co d ta he a t . d. t ' antf xt s e t ha he a nds f ns ul o y a p yt te u j s e c me tcam a i i a e utb ed fn e 1 . Fi l P an if nl p l o h nu t mi h n li s t s n q ia l e e s . d nal litf y, ag e ta ted fn ewo l p eu iePlitf a df rhe c n u et eis e . I a p . - . r u s h t h e e s ud rj dc anif n u t r o f s h su s d t p 4 5 Pl i if a s t t t t r m ani def ns a e not a t ly a tr tve de e es but antf s ers ha he e i ng e es r cual fi ma i f ns , rt rar negai deens s t ts d be src n. ( 1 a p.51 Pli ifmai ai ahe e tve f e ha houl tike DE 36 t . antf nt ns f iur t sae a c am ea al e o t t l i nnotbe pr ry a s re asa a tr ai def ns unde t r l nt ope l s e td n fim tve e e r he eeva c e l w a t t t r m a ni de e es a e tnotbas on any a tona s t of f ct t t ba as a nd ha he e i ng f ns r û ed ddii l e a s ha r r co y not t t ndi Pl ntf s c am . Al of t e def ns s t n on t quesi on e ver wihsa ng ai if l i l hes e e ur he ton w he he Pl i i f i t t' ow ne of t Funds whi h D e e t r a ntf s he l ue r he c f ndant has a r a de e i hi l e dy ni d n s a nd a we .orwhehe De e nti t tuer ci e oft Funds alo de ed.' I a me ed ns r.. t r f nda s he r e pi nt he - s ni ' d t pp. 5- Pl ntf r quess t t t Cour tea t pur re de e es a l e tr i of 6. ai if e t ha he t r t he po td f ns s l ie atons r Defnda ' de as a srket m a r unda . 1 a p.6. e nts ni l, nd ti he s ed nt' d. t ' Response I rs n e pons De e nta g st ti haspr ry a s red a uncla ha de e eashe e, f nda r ue ha t ope l s e t n e n nds f ns hasde onsr t t tPl ntf swr m taed ha ai if ongdoi i die l r lt d t t cli ag ns whih i i ng s r cty ea e o he am ai t c t s a sre a dDee a t a s o t a h wa p ro al ij rdb Plitf c n u t ( 1 5 se td n fnd n h s h wn h t e s e s n ly n u e y an if o d c . DE 4 a p.41 Defnda s iialy a srst ttt a ton ofPli ifi ca i t f t be t . e nt pecfc l se t ha the ci antf n usng he unds o ta f re t ATLAS AVI ON t defaud t I i die ty r l t t t Pli ifscli of r ns e r d o ATI o r he RS s r c l e aed o he a ntf am u j s e rc me t' 1 a p. . Dee d n as c ne d ta hsij r i t tl an ifs e st n u t n ih n . d t 5 ' fn a t lo o tn s h t i nu y s ha ç itf e k o pl hol ATLAS AVI ON la e f rt t son t c uli f e,whie s e ng t r ove t d ATI ibl o he axe he ons tng e l e ki o ec r he m onis ta f r d t ATLAS AVI ON . f De e e r nsere o ATI ' #. ' f ndan a knowl s t t t unc e n t c edge ha he la h nd d fns a p is nl t t eu j t n ih n c u t 1 . t 6. F n ly Dee d n a g e a s ee e p le o y o h nus e rc me t o n . d a p. i al , fn a t r u s t ti di nots i a i om pl t e bi t t Cour. ha t d ubm t n nc e e xhi t o he t W ih r ga d t t r m ai ng de e es Def nda a gues t tt y a e al pr r y pl d. t e r o he e ni f ns , e nt r ha he r 1 ope l e ( 1 a p. ) Dee d n man an t a S tn ig'e nwh nlb lda afnnai ed fn e DE 45 t 7 . f n a t itis h tl a dn , ve e a ee n fi tv ee s , s ' ls d notbe src n whe i put t pli ifa t c ton notceofc ran is t tt ihoul tike n t s he antf nd he our i e ti s ues ha he de e n i e f nda t nt nds t a s r a i t t pl ntf s cl i .' 1 Def nda next c e o s e t ga ns he ai if am ' d e nt ont nds t t ha f iur t s a e a c e of a ton upo w hi h r le m a be gr nt ca be r s d by w a of a al e o t t as ci n c e if y a ed n ai e y n afnnaie dee s . 1 a p. fi tv fn e d. t Dee a t smi ry ag e ta lc o s b e t matr fnd n i l l r u s h t a k f u j c te a j iditonc nberie a a afimai defns a t tiçma onl besrcke whe t r ar urs ci a asd s n tr tve e e nd ha tç y y ti n n he e e 3 mutpeo atr aitb s sfrtec u tsj rs i o o e t matro wh r n r lto s i lil r len tv a e o h o r' u iddin v r he te r e e o eain h p e s s be w e n a de e e a t pa t scl i . 1 . a p.11. Fi ly,De enda as e t t tt xi t t e f ns nd he ry' a m ' d t ' na l f nt s rs ha he tmpr s operpa t 'afi matvedef ns i pr pe l pl d be aus i s t f t i deai De e nts i ry' tr i e e s o ry e c e t e s orh n t l f nda ' û ii t tt m one i que ton wa ta f redt ATLA SAVI ON , t t Def nda , t ton ha he pos y n si s r ns e r o ATI not o he e nt a t t Pli ifscli sa i tt De e nts d f i a ti l' 1 . a p.1 nd hus he a ntf am gans he f nda houl a l t xa . d t 2. ' I r y, antf a i a g st t hea fr tvedef eoft ea ha i notpr pe l n epl Pl i if gan r ue ha t fima i ens mcl n nds s o ry pl dbec us d f nda ti ac us d,n t sngl c e a e ç e n s c e i he i e- ountt whi t sdef ns c d ber ie wih De o ch hi e e oul a s d, t u j tye rc n hms l wihPlitf sFu d . Hi b s ls a c s to ta Plitf itn e nusl n ihig i ef t an if n s s a ee s c u ain h t anif n e d d adifrntwr oftx e son,i nott s meki ofc fee ong, a va i s he n nd onduc.' ( 1 a p.21 Pli if t' DE 46 t . antf as c ne d ta Dee a t a no t ldf csd mo srtn h sij r fo Plitf salg d lo o tn s h t fnd n h s t û e a t e n taig i nu y r m anif le e p a t m pta t x e s on. te t a va i ' ' Pl ntf m ai ai t tç he Co ts d notaf or D e enda t a ai i f nt ns ha l t ur houl f d f n n opporuniy t a e hi de e ebec us Def ntfusr t Pli ifseforst dicove y hi t t o m nd s f ns a e enda r taed a ntf f t o s r s pur td t e i n s me t or a hi de ii ' I atp.3. pore ax vaso che he y t s poston. d. ' Pl i ifne as e t t tt e e ntdoe notdiput t f c t the hasi pr r y ls e a ntf xt s r s ha r f nda s s e he a t ha m ope l it d m uli e r tpl edunda de al unde t ca i t t r a i D e e e , but i t d r s s t nt ni s r he pton Afi m tve f ns s ' ns ea eha he he a gumen sr ie i hi moton t dim ist a e d c pl ntwih r pe tt e c oft s r t as d n s i o s s he m nde om ai t es c o a h he e n g tv d fns s' ( 1 a p. 4 . Plitf f rhe ag e t a Dee d n c n o e aie ee e . DE 46 t ' ) anif u t r r u s h t fn a t a n t i i ula t m t neousy a i t e s nta f c sofPl i ifsc pl nt s cii aly t tPl i t f i t ue s l dm t he s e i l a t a ntf om ai pe f c l ha a n if s r o ne oft Funds w hie a s a l gi def ns st tr y on Pl i ifnotbe ng t t u ow ne of w r he l l o le ng e e ha el a ntf i he r e r t Funds' 1 Pli ifc e t tDee ntwilnotbeprj ce byt Co tsrki t he .' d. antf ontnds ha fnda l eudi d he ur ti ng he def ns s 1 a pp.4e e . d. t 5. 4 ANALYSI S Ge r lApplc e La ne a i abl w F d rl l o CiiPr c d r 1 9 p o i sta aç o r ma srk fo apla iga y e e a Rue f v l o e u e 2( r vde h t t u t y tie r m e dn n c r edunda ,i m a e i ,i pe tne ,or s anda ous m ate .' Fe R . Ci P.1 9. Coursha nt m t ral m r i nt c l t r' d. v. 24 t ve he d t ta de e e i ti ufs e a a m a t rof1 w i,on t f e oft pl adi ,i i pa e l l ha f ns s ins tci nt s te a f he ac he e ngs t s t nty fi ous.. r i i i cl ary i i a a m a t r of l . A nc Hock n Co p. v Jack onvil rvol . o f t s e l nvald s te aw ' ' hor ig r . s le Elc. t , 9F.Supp. 1 ( . Fl l tiai o ted) % afr tvedee e e Auh.41 992, 000 M D. a. g76lcttons mit . 1 f mai fns An i one t ta ist t c s ha dm t o he ompli ,buta ds la lt wholy orparl by new alega i of ant voi ibiiy, l ty, l tons e c s ,u tûc to , ro h rn g tn matr. Ad msv J mpsa tWieesCo p.2 4F. D. x u e j si ain o t e e aig tes' a . u tr r ls r , 9 R. ' 6 6 ( D.Fl 201 (ii Ro Pal Sav As nv.Pi Tr Cor ,71 F.Supp.1 6, 68, 71 S. a. 3) ctng yal m . s' ne ace p. 6 41 1 ( . Fl 1 ) ç dee et tsmpl poi souta dee torlc ofe denc i t 420 M D. a. 989). 1 fns ha i y nt A fc a k vi e n he pli ifsca e i nota afr tve dee e. I (ii Fl -o-Rih,I v Raws Food antf s s n fimai fns ' d ctng av ' c nc. . on Se m,I .(nr Raws Food Se v,I .,8 F. 1 13 ( 1h Ci.988) M oi t r nc 1 e on r . nc4 46 2d 343, 49 1 t r1 ). tons o sr ke a e ge a l di f vor and t ilus ly be de e unl s t alega i have no pos i e ti r ner ly s a ed i l ua l w ni d e s he l tons s bl r lto t te c n r v ry a d ma c u e p eu c t o e o t e p ris' Ca lo eain o h o to e s n y a s rj die o n f h a t . e ' rs n Cop. o te s v S h o #( o mioeCtp y, 8F. p . 8 5l ( . Fl. 9 ) r / uh a t . c o l f fse n l /n/ 77 Su p 51 , 9 M D. a 1 91 . s z The U nc ea H a A fi m a i Def ns l n nds fr tve e e D e e nt sf r ta fr a i def ns i unc e n ha . De e ntha pl a f l s f nda ' i s f im tve e e s l a nds f nda s ed s olow : Pli ifs cli ar ba r d by t docti ofuncea ha antf a ms e re he rne l n nds. Pli ifa / antf nd or Tyr utlze t oper tng a ountofATLA S AVI ON,t pe per t a fa us ii d he ai cc ATI o r tae r ud on t l t a dpa ngt xes Thewiec s wi t ta f roffmdsi he RS o voi yi a . r opy ho ng he r nse t n que ton i a t c si s ta hed a EX H I T A . The e a l c i bet e n A TLA S s BI m i ha n w e AV I ON and Tyr ,i l ng t W 9 t tw a r ques e by Tyr ,and i s d ATI us nc udi he ha s e td us s ue t ATLA S AVI ON,i a tc as EXH I T B. The e r i c o ATI s ta hed BI r ahe , n onnec i ton wih flng is201 tx r t n,Tyr s itd t i onna i gat r fom t t ii t 3 a eur us ubm te he nf ton he ed r he W 9 t ti is d t ATLAS AVI ON,t t I r pr s ntng t t Fede a ha t s ue o ATI o he RS, e e e i o he rl Gove nm e ,t ti pa d ATLA S A V I TI ,a cons tng f e i t am ount of r nt ha t i A ON uli e n he 5 $2, 950. Se EXHI T C. Thus Tynl r quesed t W 9 fom ATLA S 580, 00. e BI , s e t he r AVI ON,no fom t Pl ntf,and s it d t ti or ton t t I , ATI t r he ai if ubm te ha nf ma i o he RS r pr s ntngt tt mone wasduea pa bl t ATLAS AVI ON, t t e e e i ha he y nd ya e o ATI not b he Pl ntf. To wi, he Pli tf a orTyr s W i ,I ,alo us d ba ac ount ai if tt a n if nd/ u ngs nc. s e nk c s of ot r pa tes i l ng, b not lm ied t W hie M ount i J t , LLC, a he ri , ncudi ut i t o, t an e s c pa ow ne by one ofPl i if s a nt , n e M os ,t e de payi t st om ny d a ntf ge s J m s e o va ng axe o t I he RS. TheDef ndan i wihoutknowl east t f le e ofPl ntf stx e ts t edg o he ul xt nt ai if a e s on s he e a di c r i sil ongoi va i c m s s ove y s tl ng. At a1 tm e m a era he e o, i i 1 i s t il r t t s bele t tTyr sW i , nc.wasa i a t be s ofRe c Posl- li ived ha u ngs l , ctng t he he t bec a iicil. g 1 a p 78. DE 21 t p. - 1 Th pat sa r eta t sa fnn tv d fn eo l a l st Plitf su j t n ih n e ri g e h thi fi aie ee s ny ppi o an if nus e rc me t e e c u e o te a to . Plitf alg s te f lo n i te u j s e rc me t scin o t e a s f h ci n an if le e h o lwig n h n u t n ih n e to f h Ame d Co ai (ou 3) nde mpl nt c nt : 97. Byt a t , a tc , onduct a om isonshe ei a l ed, l Aviton, he c s pr ci es c s nd si r n- leg Atas a i Ata Sa e ,Atas Luxur a Chowdr i vi l or t ough hi ale e ls ls l y, nd y, ndi dualy hr s tr go e tt s h v i r p ry a d u j ty o ti e p o e t a d a s t ta p o e l n ie , a e mp o el n nusl ban d r p ry n ses h t r p ry i beong t Pl ntf a whih we e mia opraed by t il alc l o ai if nd c r s ppr i t he leg onduc alege t l d he e n. ri 98. D e e f ndant o a ne t Pl i ifspr r y a as e sunde c r u t e i s bt i d he a ntf ope t nd s t r ict ns anc s n wh c i i n tj s,e utbe o c ns in b e f r Dee a t t rti te ih t s o u t q ia l, r o co a l o fnd n s o ean h Pl i if s pr r y and a s t A s a co e nce of t f eg ng,ea h of t a ntf ope t s e s. ns que he or oi c he Dee d n s.h sb e u j tye rc e fn a t..a e n nusl n ih d. ( 1 a p.1 . DE 09 t 61 I or rf a de enda t ls e s uly ava lis l oft docrne ofuncea ha ,i n de or f nt o iucc s f l i t ef he ti l n nds t mus s ts yt r quie e s' Calowa v Parne sNat Hea1h Pl s,986 F. 446, t a if wo e r m nt.' l y . t r . t an 2d 450-51 ( 1h Ci. 1 . Fis,t dee ntmus l monsrt t tt pli ifs wrngdoi i 1 t r 993) rt he fnda tt de tae ha he antf' o ng s die ty r ltd t t cli a i twhih i i ase t ' f ( tngKe t Drle Co v. rcl eae o he am gans c t s s red. #. cii ysone ilr . ' Ge r Exc at Co.290U. 240,2 5 S. .1 1 -48,78L. 293( 933) çg l r ne al av or , S. 45, 4 Ct 46, 47 Ed. 1 . çM?e'e t l ng r aly di e ty r l ed ..I i ,i es e ,t r a on f t l w s t' ElfHa s o Pa r a ki e l r c l e at . t s n s nce he e s or he a ui. ' o n s n pe drBd,I .v Cal r No.1120495- 201 W L 1 nc . deas CV, 2 2865853,a *6 ( D.Fl.Apr 26,201 t S. a . 2) 6 ( i Ga al v. e tRe or Cmt .LC, 086207 201 W L 457243, t*9( D.Fl. quotng st di Sunv s s t ys, No. - 6, 0 a S. a Fe 3,201 ) Se ond,eve i t pli ifs wr b. 0). c n f he antf' ongdoi i die ty r ae t S antf s ng s rcl eltd, he t i if pl wrng oigd e n t a r l f n e sted fn a tc n s o t a iwa pes n l ij rdb h r o d n o s o b r ei u ls h ee d n a h w h t t s ro al n u e y e e y c onduc. Calo y,98 F. a 45 t' lwa ' 6 2d t 0-51 (ii M ic l Br s Fim Gr p v Ci ctng thel o . l ou . nema Adul t The e ,604F. 85 8 ( hCi.97 ,c r.de e 445U. 91 1 S. .1 63L. 2d atr 2d 2, 63 5t r1 9) e t nid, S. 7, 00 Ct 277, Ed. 6 ( 9 09. 01 1 8 ( He e, antf al ge m ongdoi i c r Pli ifs le d ng s omm itngt x fa wih t I a t cli a ti a r ud t he RS, nd he am t is e i u j te rc me t Dee d n ' mia p o rain o Plitf s f n sa d t e t u t su s nus n ih n- fn a ts sp r p ito f an if u d n h n mj s r t nton oft f . TheCour not st tDe e ntsa g e si hi r pons t Pli tf' ee i he unds t e ha f nda ' r um nt n s es e o a n ifs moint srk c nan dmu hmo ed t ia o tteu j s e rc me t f r t ed fns t n to o tie o tie c r eal b u h n u t n ih n a t mai ee e ha i v doest a fr a i def ns c ansascu r nty wrte De e ntha no s fc e l s he fim tve e e ont i r e l itn. f nda s t ufi i nty hown i t frta fnuai def ns ,a cure l w rten,how Pli ifsaleg wr doi i die y n he is fi tve e e s r nty il a ntf l ed ong ng s r dl r ltd t te u j s e rc me tcam. Ad iin l t Co r fn st a Dee d n h s n t eae o h n u t n ih n li dto al he u t i d h t fn a t a o y, s fc e ty s ufi i n l hown i t a t lwor ng oft afimatvedef ns how Def nda waspe s ly n he c ua di he fr i e e e nt r ona l ij r d b Plitf s c nd t Th Co r s alsrke te u ce n h nd a fr t d fns nu e y an if o uc. e u t h l ti h n la a s fimai ee e ve wih u p eu iet De e d n a n igted fn ei h beiv sta t r i ag o fihbai t o t rj dc o f n a t me dn h ee s f e le e h t hee s o d at ss t a e t afi tve de e e s t ti c plesw ih t r l va ca e l w . o m nd he fnna i f ns o ha t om i t he e e nt s a TheFal et St t aCa eofAc i Afim ai De e e iur o ae us ton fr tve f ns De e f ndantst r f t a s ven h afima i def esa lge f iur t sae ofc us ' hid, ourh, nd e t fr tve ens le a l e o t t a e ofa ton. g 1 a pp.8- 01 TheCour agee wih Pli ift tt epur re dee es ci DE 21 t 1 . t r s t antf ha hes po td fns a e sm pl r ie a i of De e nts de al. The e or t Cour fnds t tt e de e es r i y et r tons f nda ' ni s r f e, he ti ha hes f ns s d be sr c n a r dunda . Scc e g. Ai houl ti ke s e nt , . , done v N atonw i Aut Guar , L. C. 295 F. D . . i de o d L. , R. 658,6 -62 ( D.Fl 201 ,fi v He g Xi * I .No.09 422-C1 2009 W L 61 S. a. 3) ma . n an, 662 nc, . -61 V, 7 490637 a * 1 ( D. a.Dec.1 2009) Vale lo v.Remac Tr Re r ,I .No.09 4, t S. FI 8, ; lsil a uck pais nc, 807l V,2009W L 48 4-Cl 07397, t*4 ( D. a. c. 2009). Mor r t Cour prvi l a S. FI De 4, ) eove ,he t e ousy de e De e nid f ndan ' m oton t dimi s whi h i ude a1 oft a gument as e t byDefnda ts i o s s , c ncl d l he r s s red e nt i t t r f t a s ve h a fr ai de e e . n he hid, ourh, nd e nt fim tve f ns s See DE 157. A c or ngl c di y, t s a fr ai de e esa e cea l i ld a a ma troflw . Se Gr norHous , L. . v he e fim tve f ns r l ry nva i s te a e ove e L C. . E..Du PontD e Ne our And Co. N o. 21 - V , 0 W L 3 2066, a *4( D. a Aug. 1 m s , 09- 698 C1 201 21 t S. Fl. 1 201 . Thus t Cour wilsrket t r f t a svent afimai dee es 2, 0) ,he t l ti he hid,ourh, nd e h fr tve fns . The La k ofSt ndi a La ofJ i di ton A fi tve D e ens c a ng nd ck urs c i tnna i f es Dee d n ' h spe b t lc o sa diga dlc o jzidcina afr tv d fn e . fn a ts a ld o h a k f tn n n a k f l s ito s fimai e ee s s r S eDE 1 . La ko sa dn i aSu idcin ld f n ea dt usma ber ie a a ytmei e 21 e f tn ig s j rs ito a ee s n h y as d t n i n t ltga i ' Ram nar ne v RG Gr ,I . N o.1 80264- V ,201 W L 2735340, a *3( D. he ii ton. ' i . p. nc , 2C1 2 t S. Fl.uy9 201 )(ii Fl rd As ' o d Eq i De lr v Ap è,1 4F.d1 7 1 3 ( 1h a J l , 2 ct ng o ia sn fMe . up. a es . j l 9 3 22 , 2 0 1 t Ci.1 9 ). Fe ea Rul o Cii Pr c d r 1 ( )sae t a çe v r dee et a cam f r r 9 9 ) d r l e f v l o e u e 2 b tts h t i l ey fns o li o g r le i a pl di m us be as e t d i t r s e i f n ny ea ng t s r e n he e pons ve pl adi i one i r r d. Buta pa t i e ng f s equie ry maya s rt f lwi deens bymoto 'Fe R. v. 1 b) Theef e,heRul doesnot s ethe olo ng f es in. d. Ci P. 2( . r or t ' e r quie t t De enda r ie t s de e e by m o i a oppos t a r s e r ha f nt a s hi f ns ton s ed o e ponsve plad ng. i e i Ra a ie 2 2 W L 2 3 3 0 a * Th s me lgc wo d a pl t te lc o j rs ito mn rn , 01 7 5 4 , t 3. e a o i ul p y o h a k f u idcin a fr ai de e e. TheCour ha r vi wed t s c and ffh a fr tve de e esand fnds fim tve f ns t se e he e ond it fima i f ns i t tt ha be pl d wih s fc e det is Thus t s cond and f fh a fnna i de e e ha hey ve en e t uf i nt a l . , he e i t f i tve f ns s s lnotbe s rc n. hal t i ke The l pr rPa t Afi m a i D e e e m ope r y t r tve f ns l t sxt a fr tve de e e,De e n a lgest the i t lmpr rpa t t be n he i h fima i f ns f nda t le ha s he t ope ry o i na e t t s l ws tbe us t f nds alege y ta f red w e e tans e r d t a c por t m d o hi a ui ca e he ' u l dl r ns e r r r f re o or a e 8 a co f A TLA S AV I TI , c unt or A ON LLC,whi h i a w a a Calf ni lm ie la lt co pa a c s nd s ior a i t d i biiy m ny t tetme o te alg d ta fr' g 1 a p.1 1 Th Co r tnd t a t sx afn tv h i f h le e rnse . DE 21 t 0 . e u t i s h t he i fiuaie ' de e es d besrc n a i sm pl poi soutadef torlc ofe denc i Pli if sca eand f ns houl tike s t i y nt ec a k vi e n antf s i ar dunda r ie ai n ofDe e ntsde as. s e nt etr to f nda ' ni l Bas d on t f r goi i i he e O R DE RED AN D A D JU D G ED t t Pl i if s e he o e ng, t s r by ha a ntf M otont Sti Dee ntRol Chowd y' Afi tveDefns s( 1 i GRANTED I i o rke fnda mi r s fnnai e e DE 361 s N PA RT A N D DEN I ED I PA R T. D e e N f ndan ' t r f t s xt a s ven h afi m a i t s hid, ourh, i h, nd e t fr tve def ns sa e STRI e e r CKEN . TheM oton i de ed a t t s co a fhh afi tve de e e i s ni s o he e nd nd i fnna i f ns s; t y a e s fcinta a materoflw . Fi ly,t M oton i gr ntd a t t fr tafi tve he r ufi e s t a na l he i s a e s o he is fnna i d fn e h we r t e frt a fr tv d fn e i src e wih u p eu ie t De e d n e e s ; o ve, h is fimaie e e s s tik n t o t rj dc o fn a t ame ngt frtafi i defns wihi s ve ( busne sdaysfom t daeoft sOr ri ndi he is fnnatve e e t n e n 7) i s r he t hi de f De e f ndanthasagood f t ba i t do s aih ss o o. D NE and ORDERED i Cha r a W e tPal Bea h,Pal Be h Count Fl i n mbe s t s m c m ac y, orda, hs W t i/ d yo Mac , 2018. f- f rh (' , W I AM M A TTH E LLI AN U nie St t M a sr t J t d a es gi t a e udge 9

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