FREESTREAM AIRCRAFT USA LTD. v. CHOWDRY

Filing 235

ORDER DENYING THE PARTIES' CROSS-MOTIONS FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT [DEs 167, 172]: denying 167 Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment; denying 172 Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment. Signed by Magistrate Judge William Matthewman on 5/31/2018. (kza)

UNI
TED STATES DI
STRI COURT
CT
SOUTHEM DI
STRI OF FLORI
CT
DA
Ci lNo.1 c 81 M ATTHEW M AN
vi
6- v- 232FREESTREAM A I
RCRAFT U SA LTD .
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Pl n if
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FL h
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D.
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VS.

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13

RONNICHOW DRY;
ATLA S A V I TI LLC;
A ON
ATLA S SA LES AN D LEA SI G ,
N LLC ;
a d A TLA S LUX U RY J
n
ETS LLC ,

sTEvENM G RI
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MORE

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s. oF/#-w. .
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Def nt .
enda s
/

ORDER DENYI THE PARTI CROSS- OTI
NG
ES'
M
ONS FOR SUM M ARY JUDGM ENT

I
DES 1 1
67. 721
THI CAUSE i be or t Cour u n De e
S
s f e he
t po
f ndant,Ronni Chowdr Ata Aviton
s
y, ls
ai

LLC (t l Avi i ',AtasAvi i Sals& Le i LLC C% lsSaes',a Ata Luxur
t as aton' l
At
)
aton e
asng,
Ata 1 ' nd ls
)
y

J t,LLC' (Ata Lu u y' (olciey t ee a t' M o in f rS mma yJ g n (
es
S t ls x r ' c l tv l , r fnd ns' to o u r ud me t DE
l
) e
)
1 a Pli if Fresra Aic a tUSA Lt ' (t anif',M oton f SummayJ
67) nd antf, e te m rr f
d.s t itf ) i or
pl
r udgme
nt

o P ril mma yJ d me t( 1 2 . Th pat sha efld S ae n so M ae ilF c a d
r a t Su r u g n DE 7 1
a
e ri v ie ttme t f tra a t n
e
evi nc t s ppor t rmotonsa have r s
de e o u
t hei
i
nd
e ponde an r ple t ea h moton f s mm a y
d d e id o c
i or u
r

j d me t S eDEs1 8 1 ,1 0 1 ,1 3 1 4,1 3 1 4,1 5 1 6 l 7 1 8 1 9 1 ,1 9
u g n. e
6 , 69 7 , 71 7 , 7 8 , 8 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 , 91 9 ,
201 a 202. The m a tr a e now rpe f r e . The Cour has c r uly c i r d t
, nd
te s r
i or eviw
t
a ef l onsde e he
flngsa a t hme st r t aswe la t entr doc ti t sc e.
ii
nd tac nt he e o,
l s he ie ke n hi as
1
.

BACK GROUND

Pli ifi a f - oftc por ton f
antf s orpr i or a i ounde i 2007. g 1 3 1 p.1 !1 DE 1 8 1 p
d n
DE 7 - , , ;
8 -, .

1 !1. Re c Pos icil i t prsde a c e opeai ofier of Pli if I
, 1
bec a ol- li s he e i nt nd hif rtons fc
antf. d
1

Def nda Atas Avi ton,
e nt l
ai

(v ls Aviton') was a lmie la lt c porton
t a
At
ai ',
i td ibiiy or ai

ic r rtd i 2 6 g 1 3 1 p.1! DE 1 8 1 p.1 ! ) Ata Avito wa wo n u
n o poae n 00 . DE 7 - ,
2;
8 - , , 2 . ls ain s u d p
i 201 1 Atas Aviton Sal & Le i LLC (l ls Sae ' i a lmie la lt
n 3. d. l
ai
es
asng,
s a ls' s i td ibiiy
At
)

c mo ain ic r o ae i 2 3 g 1 3 1 p 1 ! ;DE 1 8 1 p.1 : 1 Ata S lswa
o r to n o p rtd n 01 . DE 7 - , . , 3
8 - , , 3 . ls ae s
no c uci busne s as of e ry 201 a i ha be n dor a snc t n. I
t ond tng
i s
al
6, nd t s e
m nt i e he
d

Ata
ls

Lu u y J t,LLC (t lsLu u f',i almie l b l y c mp n ic r rtd i Ap i 2 6
x r es
û a x r l s i td i ii o a y n opo ae n rl 01 .
At
a t
g 1 - ,p 1 ! DE 1 8 1 p.1 : 1 Ata Lu u y d e b sne si Flrd .
DE 73 1 . ,J
4;
8 - , , 4 . ls x r o s u i s n o ia

Ro n
ni

Chowdr i t s e or c r lng s r hol r oft cop or t de e nt a ha or ha a
y s he ol
ontoli ha e de
he
ae f nda s nd s
d

ma a i g r e i t e c r o ae d fn a t. g 1 3 1 p.2,! DE 1 8 1 p. 1 : 1
n gn ol n h o p rt e e d n s DE 7 - ,
5;
8-,
, 5.
Pos i cil m e Chow d y i 2008, bu t y ha no cont t a n unt l ea l 201 w he
ol- li t
r n
t he
d
ac gai
i ry
3
n

Pos icil c aced Chowdr t r que ta c on ata a ton. 1
ol- li ont t
y o e s dvie
r ns c i
d.

I t s
n he umm e of201 Pl ntf ea ne a r e r f e i t a
r
3, ai if r d ef ral e n he mount of $ 580, 0.
2, 95 00

fo Ty u W ig , d. : r ' f rPlitf' r l i t es l o a ar rf. ( 1 3 1 p.
r m r s n s Lt (ç us' o anifs oe n h ae f n ic a t DE 7 - , 2,
Ty )
! ;DE l 8 1 p 12 : 1 Ch wd y a d Ata Avain ha n t n t d wi t e 2 1
6
8 - , p. - , 6 . o r n ls ito d ohig o o t h 0 3
h
ta s cin ( 1 3 1 p 2 ! ; 1 8 1 p. : 1 l J l o 2 3, s l- l a dCh wd y
rn a to . DE 7 - , . , 7 DE 8 - , 2, 7 . n uy f 01 Po o icil n o r
i
me i Bo Raon a dic s d t Tyr rfralfe. ( 1 1 p.2,!8;DE 188 1 p.2,
t n ca t nd suse he us eer e DE 73- ,
-,

: 1 Cho r v ln e rd t a c p Plitf rf ra fe it Ata Avain' P b n
8.
wd y ou te e o c e t an ifs eer l e no ls ito s NC a k
ac ount a ma ta f r i ac or wih Pli ifs i tu tons 1 The pa te do not
c
nd ke r ns e s n c d t antf nsr c i . d.
ri s
ag eeast how muc dic e i Chowdr ha t us t f
r
o
h s r ton
y d o e he unds f
. #.
On J y 22,201 Pos i cil s nt Chowdr an e ai i t u tng hi t pr pa e a W ul
3, ol- li e
y
m l ns r c i
m o e r
9

s ng t tmoney wa bei pai t AtasAviton asaûc uli f ,'t t$1, 475 wa
howi ha
s ng d o l
ai
ions tng ee' ha 290,
s
we e t be wied t W hie M o a n J t ,LLC,t t$1 000 wast be wie t Pl n if a
r o
r o
t
unt i e s
ha 60,
o
r d o aitf , nd
t t t r m ai r oft f nds w oul be tdi c s l t r' ( 1 - ,p.1 !1 DE 1 3 p.1
ha he e nde
he '
u
d
s s us ed a e .' DE 68 1
, ;
8, ,
2

!1. P s l- l i tu td Ty ust ta se te f e it te c r rt P ba k a c u to
j o oicii nsr ce r o rn fr h e no h opo ae NC n c o n f
l
Ata Av ain. g 1 3 1 p.2 ! ; DE 1 8 1 p.2 ! ) Ty u te h d $ ,8 ,5
ls ito
DE 7 - , , 9
8 - , , 9 . r s h n a 25 09 0
ta f red fom isc por t SunTr tBa a counti o AtasAviton' cor r t PN C Ba
r nse r r t or a e
us nk c
nt l
a i s po ae
nk
a co . f Chowdr confnne r eitoft tanseron J y 26,201 1 ;DE 1 1 p.
c unt #.
y
i d ec p
he r f
ul
3. d
68- ,

1 ! DE 1 3 p.1 ! 1 Ch wd y ma etet ta sesa drce . ( 1 3 1 p. !1 ;
, 2;
8 , , 2 . o r d h wo rn fr s ie t d DE 7 - , 3, 1
DE 1 8 1 p.2,:1 ) Th slf $11 0,75 o t mo e i Ata Avain' b n a c t .
8 -,
1. i et ,3 4 f he n y n ls it s a k c omt
o
( 1 3 1 p. , 2; 1 8 1 p. , 2; 1 - , 6 :1 DE 1 3 p 2 ! 1
DE 7 - , 3 !1 DE 8 - , 2 !1 DE 68 1 p. , 2; 8 , . , 6 .
W ihi one wee Cho y c us s t nta l a lof t r m ai ng $1 1 475 t be
tn
k, wdr a ed ubsa ily 1
he e ni
, 30,
o
tans e r fom t A tas A vi to cor a e PN C Ba ac ount i o t A tas Sal s c por t
r f r ed r
he l
a i n por t
nk c
nt he l
e or a e

P Ba ka c u t ( 1 3 1 p. , 3 DE 1 8 1 p. , 3 . Thi o c re i a la tt
NC n c o n . DE 7 - , 3 :1 ;
8 - , 2 !1 1
s c u rd n t e s wo
s pa a etans tons one i t a
e r t r ac i -n he mountof$1 355on J y 31 201 a one i t a
30,
ul , 3, nd
n he mountof
$1000, on Augus 1 2013.
, 000
t ,

Chowdr was t onl pe s n w ih a hor t t m a
y
he y r o
t ut iy o ke

wihdr wal fo t Ata Saesa c ,a heha s ntt $1 1 475 by J nua y 30,201
t a s r m he l s l c ount nd
d pe he , 30,
a r
4,

O n meol P ro a a d b sn s e Pe S S ( 1 3 1 p .34, 0 ;DE 1 8 1 p. , 4 .
n u r t e s n l n u i e s X n e . DE 7 - , p - !1 4
s
8 - , 2 !1 1
OnJ n a y3 2 4 Po o icil i tu td Ch wd yt rtr t e$11 0,75 ( 1 3 1 p.
a u r 0, 01 , s l- l nsr ce o r o eu n h ,3 4 . DE 7 - ,
i
4 :1 ;DE 1 8 1 p 2 3 !1 1 Ch wd ysae i aJ n r 3 , 01 e i t th c ul n t
, 5
8 - , p. - , 5 . o r ttd n a uay 0 2 4 mal ha e o d o
rt r te mo e rg ta y. ( 1 3 1 p.4 !1 ;DE 1 8 1 p. !1 ) P oicil t e
eu n h n y ih wa DE 7 - , , 6
8 - , 3, 6 . os l- li h n
s ntnumer ema l,t xtmes a s voi mais a phone c lst Chowdr a Ata Sals
e
ous
is e
s ge , ce l, nd
al o
y nd l s e '
vi pr sde a ge a c
ce e i nt nd ner l ouns l S.St ve Ka alkas de a ng t tt y r ur t m o
e,
e n r e , m ndi ha he et n he ney.

( 1 1 p.4, 7; 1 1 p.3, 71
DE 73- , :1 DE 88- , :1 .
l Fe uay201 Pl ntf rt ne c e t hep rc rt money. g 1 1 p.4,
n br r 4, ai if eai d ouns l o l e ove he
DE 73- ,
!1 DE 1 - ,p.3,:18 . Pl ntf co elc ace Kare s on Ma c 6,201 a
8;
88 1
1 ai ifs uns ont td lka
rh
4, nd
de a d t tt mone ber t d.
m nde ha he
y
eunw

On Febnz r 1 201 Ka alka s tPl ntf a
a y 0, 4, r e s en ai if nd
3

isc u s la lte t a ie z d a d a c u td f rt e mo e . g 1 3 1 p 4 5 : 9;DE
t o n e etr h t tmie n c o ne o h n y DE 7 - , p. - , 1
he unds woul be r t ne t
d
e ur d o
1 8 1 p.3 :1 1 Kaae a p o sd t tte b ln e of t f
8 - , , 9 . r lk s r mie ha h aa c
Pl ntf by M a c 1 201 1 The lte waspr r a Chowdr sr que ta wih hi
ai if
r h 3, 4. d.
et r
epa ed t
y' e s nd t s

a t o i g 1 3 1 p 5 ! 0; 1 8 1 p 3 : 1 On Ma c 6 2 4, an ifrs nd d
u h rt DE 7 - , . , 2 DE 8 - , . , 20 .
y.
rh , 01 Plitf epo e
t Ka alkas a Chowdr t oug Pl ntf s c
o r e
nd
y hr h ai if ouns lvi e a l ( 1 1,p.5,:21 DE
e a m i. DE 73;

1 - ,p.3,:21. Pli ifscou elpr de t wieta fri or ton a ac ee
88 1
1 antf
ns ovi d he r rnse nf mai nd ompltd
l S f m W - 1 Pl i if s c
R or
9. d. a ntf ouns la s as f c i ton t tpa e i t a o
e l o ked or onfnna i ha ym nt n he m unt

of$11 0, bema no ltrt n M ach 1 201 ( 1 1 p.5,!21 DE 1 1 p.3,
,3 475
de ae ha r 3, 4. DE 73- ,
;
88- ,

: 1 On M ac 1 ,2 4 Ch wd y s n a e i t P oicil i rs o s t ar q s f r
21.
rh 3 01 , o r e t n mal o os l- li n e p n e o e uet o
pa e a i or e he t tt f
ym nt nd nf m d r ha he undsha be us t r a ar a ta a ton a t t
d en ed owa ds n icr h r ns c i nd ha
he woul nee tm e t s ur r plce tf nds i t e ntt t tans ton di notcl e
d d i o ec e e a men u
n he ve hat he r ac i
d
os .

( 1 - ,p.2,! DE 1 p.2, .
DE 68 1
7; 83, :71
Chowdr a Pos icil c r ponde fom a o m ael J 7,201 t J 20,
y nd
ol- li ores
d r
ppr xi t y une
4 o une

201 r ar ngt mone ( 1 1 p.2,1 9;DE 1 pp.3- 1 91 OnJ y7,201
4,eg di he
y. DE 68- ,
5883,
4, 58- .
ul
4,
Pos icil s nt a e a lt Chow d y a ki f a sa us upda e on t pa e of t m one
ol- li e n m i o
r s ng or t t
t
he ym nt he
y.

( 1 8 1 p. ,:1 DE 1 3 p 4, 0 . Ch wd yr s o de t a h wa atmpi gt co e
DE 6 - , 2 0;
8 , . !1 j
o r e p n d h t e s te tn o ls
o a ta a ton t r t n f
n r ns c i o e ur undst Pl ntf, ha t r wasno cosngda eyet a t tt m one
o ai if t t he e
l i
t
, nd ha he
y
c d bepai fom t tcl i
oul
d r ha osng. 1 Chowd y s nta here a lt Pos icil on Se e be
d.
r e not m i o ol- li
ptm r
11 201 i or ng he t the washopi f t aic ah ta a to t c os s s t tt
, 4, nf mi
r ha
ng or he r r r ns c i n o l e oon o ha he

r s lig mo e c ul be pad t Plitf. ( 1 8 1 p 2 3,!1 ;DE 1 3 p.5 ! 1 .
e utn
ny o d
i o anif DE 6 - , p. 1
8 , , 1J
Chowdr a Pos icil s nte ch ot r a tonalco r s
y nd
ol- li e a
he ddii
r e ponde aboutt pe ng aic ah
nce
he ndi
rr
t a a ton on Oc obe 1 201 D ec m be 5, 201 J nuar 1 201 a J nua y 20,201
r ns c i
t r 0, 4,
e r
4, a
y 4, 5, nd a r
5.

g 1 - ,p.3, 51 1 DE 183, 5, 2- 51
DE 68 1
! 2- 5;
p. !!1 1 .
4

Thepa tesdiput whehe t m one i d a t stm ea how m uc m o y Chowd y
ri s e
t r he
y s ue t hi i nd
h ne
r

a do hs c mp nis o P an if g 1 3 1 p.5 j 2 2 )DE 1 8 1 p.3 ! 2 2 1
n /r i o a e we litf. DE 7 - , , 52 - 3
8 - , , 5 2- 3 .
No e o t emo e h sb e r tme t Plitf. g 1 3 1 p.6 : 4;DE 1 8 1 p 34,
n f h n y a e n eu d o an if DE 7 - , , 2
8 - , p. : 4 . On J n ay 8 2 6 Plitf ma e af r ld ma d t Ch wd y u d rFlrdascvl
21
a u r , 01 , an if d o ma e n o o r n e o i ' i i
t e t tt t frt ert r o ismo e . ( 1 3 1 p. , 2 ; 1 8 1 p. , 28 .
h f saue o h eu n f t n y DE 7 - , 6 ! 8 DE 8 - , 4 ! 1
Fr J y 31 201 t J nua y 27,201 Chowd y c us d ove 3 ta f r r ngi fom
om ul , 3, o a r
4,
r a e
r 0 r nse s a ng r

$1 000 t $1000, t be m a fom Ata Avi ton' a Atas Saes c por t a c s
0, o , 000 o
de r
ls ai s nd l
l ' or a e c ount .

( 1 3 1 p 7 ! 0 DE 1 8 1 p. , 3 1 Bewe n J n ay a dNo e e o 2 6 Ch wd y
DE 7 - , . , 3 ;
8 - , 4 ! 0 . t e a u r n v mb r f 01 , o r
rc i e a la t$ 416 86 fo Ata Sae 'a c u t. g 1 3 1 p. , 31 DE 1 8 1 p 4
e ev d t e s 7 ,3 .4 r m ls ls c o ns DE 7 - , 7 ! ; 8 - , . ,
: 1 . Hewr e hi el ac k i t amountof$5 , 64 fom Ata Saes a co f
31
ot ms f hec n he
41338. r
ls l ' c unt or
ç i s Expe e Rei
f ne s
Bus
ns
mbur e e 201 9 1 He a s m a ta f r fom hi pe s l
s m nt
5. d.
9
lo de r ns e s r
s r ona

ac
c ounti o t Ata Saes a ounti t t ala
nt he l s l cc
n he ot mountof a las $556,
te t
600.

Chowdr
y

ope d Ata Sa e s ty bef e he cl ed Ata Aviton,a he ope Ata Luxur s ty
ne l s l s horl
or
os
ls a i nd
ned l s
y horl

beor heso
f e tppedc
onduci busne sasAtasAviton. ( 1 1 p.7, DE 1 1 p.4,
tng i s
l
ai
DE 73- , !32; 88- ,
:321 AtasAviton,Atas Sae ,a AtasLuxur alha orhad t s add e s 1
. l
ai
l ls nd l
y 1 ve
he ame r s . d.
Ne t rAtasSaesnorAtasLuxur ha orha any empl e ,c
ihe l
l
l
y d
ve
oye s omputr ,ofi e pm e ,
e s tce qui nt

o ohe a st. g 1 1 p.7, DE 1 1 p.4,!33 .
r t r s es DE 73- , !33) 88- ,
1
Fr J y t Oc obe of201 Chowdr m a num e ousca h wihdr w al f om t Ata
om ul o t r
3,
y de
r
s t a s r he l s

S lsc r o aea c u ti attla u to e $ 00 0 g 1 3 1 p. , 3 DE 1 8 1 p. ,
ae op rt c o n n o a mo n v r 7 ,0 . DE 7 - , 8 ! 4;
8 -, 4
:341 Heha nodoc nttonorr ole tonast how t f wees nt f Cho y
.
s
ume ai
ec lci
o
he unds r pe . #.
wdr
wr e num e ous c c f om A tas Sal s'cor a e ba ac ount t cove pe s l e ns ,
ot
r
he ks r
l
e
por t nk c
o
r r ona xpe es

i l ng r nta lgalfe . ( 1 1 p.8,!35;DE 1 1 p.4,!351 Frm J y t
ncudi e nd e e s DE 73- ,
88- ,
. o ul o
De m be of 201 Chow dr m a r pe t d A TM ca h w ihdr w a s fom t Atas Sa e
ce r
3,
y de e a e
s
t a l r
he l
ls
5

co por t PN C Bar a co f pe s l e ns s i udi chid c r a tps f s r ce
r ae
l c unt or r ona xpe e , ncl ng l a e nd i or e vi
k
pr de s a us d c por t a ount t pa f pe s l c e tbil,cot ng,a utlte .
ovi r, nd e or a e cc s o y or r ona r di ls l hi
nd iiis
r
l
s
c
es
g 1 3 1 p 8 ! 6 DE 1 8 1 p.4 : 6 . Chowdry fequenty used hi Amerian Expr s
DE 7 - , . , 3 ;
8 -, , 3 )
c edi ca d,whih was pad f by Kar lka ,t c rma ofChowdr s e nss (
r t r
c
i or
ae s o ove
ny
y' xpe e . DE

1 3 1 p.8 ! 7; 1 8 1 p. , 3 1 Th Ata S lsc m o aea c u ti t il c p tlz d
7 - , , 3 DE 8 - , 5 ! 7 . e ls ae o rt c o n s hny a iaie ,
a Ch wd y o c so al p t i c s fo oh ra c u t. ( 1 3 1 p 8 9 : ;DE
nd o r c a in l us n a h r m te c o n s DE 7 - , p. - , 38
y
1 - ,p.5, . Thec e tc r de f t Ata Saesc port a co i pad mont y by
88 1
:381
r di a d bt or he ls l or ae c unt s i
hl
l ns fom Ka a e m os l 1
oa r
r l kas
ty. d.

Kaaeka rpe t yma asre oflr el t AtasSae a AtasLuxur (
rl s e aedl de e is a g oans o l ls nd l
y. DE
1 - ,p. !40;DE 1 1 p.5,! . Thel nsweer pad t Kaalkasfom t AtasSals
73 1 9,
88- ,
40j
oa
r e i o r e r he l
e
a c ,a Kaae ssg t c c t rpa t el ns g 1 1 p.9,: ;DE 188 1
c ount nd rlka ined he he ks o e y hos oa . DE 73- ,
41
-,

p.5 ! q Kaae a wa r p i ne ry $10 00 0 fo No e e 2 5 t J n ay 2 6
, 41. rlk s s e ad a l ,0 ,0 r m v mb r 01 o a u r 01 .
g 1 3 1 p. : 2; 1 8 1 p.5 : 2 . Ka ae sla d mo e t Ata Lu u y wh c
DE 7 - , 9, 4 DE 8 - , , 4 1
r lka o ne n y o ls x r , ih
c re tyo shm a o t$ 0 ,0 . g 1 3 1 p. , 4 ; 1 8 1 p. , 4 1 Ata Lu u y
u rnl we i b u 2 00 0 DE 7 - , 9 : 3 DE 8 - , 5 : 3 . ls x r
ha no pa r doc e i t tl n. 1 AtasLuxur alo r peaedl m a sgnii ntl ns
s
pe s um ntng ha oa
d. l
y s e t y de i fca oa

t Chowdr g 1 1 p.9,!44;DE 1 1 p.5,:4 . AtasLuxur i t nl c pialze
o
y. DE 73- ,
88- ,
41 l
y s hi y a t i d.
( 1 - ,p. : DE 1 1 p.5,: 1
DE 73 1 9, 45; 88- ,
45 .
I c
n onnec i w ih flng a 201 t x r t n,Tynz s it t i o m a i ga he e
ton t ii
3 a e ur
s ubm ted he nf r ton t r d
fom a W - t t i had i s t Atas A vi ton t t I r pr s ntng t tTyr pa d Ata
r
9 ha t
s ued o l
a i o he RS, e e e i ha
us i l s

Avito ac uli f i t a
ain ons tng ee n he mountof$2, 0, 0. g 1 1 p.2, DE 1 p.2, .
58 95 DE 68- , !5; 83, :51
A ta Avi to di notfl a t x r t n i 201 a t r i no e de i t r c d t t
l s ai n d
ie a e ur n
3, nd he e s
vi nce n he e or ha

i e rEl atx rt n. g 1 1 p.1 !46;DE 1 - ,p.5,!461 AtasSaesfl atx
t ve ed a eur DE 73- , 0,
88 1
. l l ied a
rt n i 201 butdi nottl atx rt n i 201 201 or201 g 1 1 p.1 :47;DE
eur n 4,
d
ie a eur n 3, 5,
6. DE 73- , 0,

1 8 1 p.5 ! 7 . Atm S ls 2 4 tx rt r s o t ti l t$1 62 a d e r e n
8 - , , 4 1 ls ae ' 01 a eu n h ws ha t os 2 ,68 n an d o
ic me 1 . Ata Lux r h sn ttld atx rtr o a e tn in. g 1 3 1 p.1 , 48
no . d
ls u y a o ie a eu n r n x e so DE 7 - , 0 ! ;
DE 1 8 1 p. , 48 . Ch wd yfldatxr tr i 2 4 b t ti 2 3 2 5 o 2 6 g
8 -, 5 : 1
o r ie a eu n n 01 , u no n 01 , 01 , r 01 . DE
1 3 1 p. 0 ! 9; 1 8 1 p. , 4 1
7 - , 1 , 4 DE 8 - , 5 : 9 .
At Pos icil' Fe u y 5,201 de ii s t siid t t s ha no s e a
ol- lis br ar
8 poston, he e tfe ha he d t e n ny

c e k wrte fo Ch wd y sp ro a a c u tt Ata Lu u y. g 1 - ,p.4 ! 2 ()
h c s i n r m o r ' es n l c o n o ls x r DE 68 1
t
, ! 4a;
DE 1 3 p.7 ! 4(). Po o icil c ul n tie tf a y d c me t s o n adr c ta se
8 , , 2 a)
s l- li o d o d n iy n o u n s h wig ie t r n fr
off ndsfom Ata Saest Atas Luxur c d noti ntf a doc e ss
u
r
ls l o l
y, oul
de iy ny
um nt howi a die t
ng
rc
ta froft Tyr f
r nse
he us undst AtasLuxur c d noti ntf a documen ss wi t tAta
o l
y, oul
de iy ny
t ho ng ha ls
Luxur die ty wihd e f
y rcl
t rw '
unds fo Atas Sal ' bank a ount coul not i ntf a
rm
l
es
cc ,
d
de iy ny
d
ocume ss
nt howi t tAtasLuxur be ft fom t money t wasi taly ta f re by
ng ha l
y neied r he
hat
nii l r ns e r d
Tyr ,a c d noti ntf a doc e s s wi a diec ta f r of a Tyr f nds t
us nd oul
de iy ny
um nt ho ng
r t r ns e
ny
us u
o

Ata Luxur ( 1 1 pp. 5, 4(- ;DE 18 pp.79, fk).
ls
y. DE 68- , 4- !!2 fk)
3, - !24(- q
I.
I

DEFENDANTS'M OTI FOR SUM M ARY JUDGM ENT I 1
ON
DE 671

A . M oton
i

Dee d n s fld ter Mo in f r S mmay J d me t g 1 7 a d S ae n o
fn a t ie h i to o u r u g n DE 6 1 n ttme t f
Maei Fa t ( 1 - 1on M ac 1 2018. l Dee t'moton,t y frtarue t t
tral cs DE 68 1
rh 5,
n fndans
i he is g ha
Pl ntf has f ie t sa e c us s ofac i f cvi t f and conve son bec us a e es
ai if
a ld o t t a e
ton or i l he t
ri
a e n xpr s
c ta t e se as a ma tr of f tand bec us t f
on r c xit d
te
ac
a e he unds wer not s fcinty i ntfa e.
e
ufi e l de ii bl

( 1 pp.9- 41 Dee nt ne cone t tPl ntf c nnotpir et c oat vei t
DE 67,
1 . fnda s xt tnd ha ai if a
e c he om r e l o

o ti aj d me ta an tAta Lu u y a d ta P an ifh s a c mplt lc o e d n et
b an u g n g i s ls x r n h t litf a o ee a k f vie c o
s
uppor is c ai s a i tAtasLuxur 1 a pp.15 19.
t t l m ga ns l
y. d. t
l s
n uppor of t i m oton, D e e
t
he r
i
f ndant f l d t i Com pe l d Res
s ie he r
le
pons t Pl i tf s
es o a n if
7

Fis Se o ltro ao isNo.8 & 9 ( 1 7 1 ;a J l 2 ,2 3 e i fo Po oicil t
rt t f ne r g tre
DE 6 - 1 uy 2 01 mal r m s l l o
- i
Ch wd y ( 1 8 2 ;a c p o te wie ta se i o to fo Ty ust Ata Avain
o r DE 6 - 1 o y f h r r n fr nfnnain r m r o ls ito
(6 - 1 e i c repo d n e b t e Ge f An rws o Ty s Kaae s a d Po ol cil
1 8 3 ; mal o rs n e c ewe n o f d e f nl, r lka , n s i li
fo J l 2 a d 2 ,2 3 wih a W - atc e ( 1 8 4 ;e i c repo d n e b t e
r m u y 4 n 5 01 t
9 ta h d DE 6 - 1 mal o rs n e c ewe n
Ge f d e o Ty u a dd fn ec u e fo De e r2 7 ( 1 8 5 ; lsAv ain'
of An rws f r s n e e s o ns l r m c mbe 01 DE 6 - 1 Ata ito s
PNC Ba sae nt fom M a 24,201 t o h Dec mbe 31,201 ( 1 61 Ata
nk ttme s r
y
3 hr ug
e r
3 DE 68- ; ls

Lu u y sP Ba k sae n sfo S p e r7 2 6tr u h Fe nzr 1 201 ( 1 8 7 ;
x r ' NC n ttme t r m e tmbe , 01 h o g b a y , 8 DE 6 - 1
doc nttonr gadi Ata Aviton' rvoc i ( 1 81 e ept fom t Nove r
ume ai e r ng ls ai s e aton DE 68- ; xc r s r he
mbe

1 2 7d po iin o Po ol cil ( an ifs3 ()6 rp e e ttv )( 1 9 1;e c mt fo
, 01 e sto f s i li Plitf 0b () e r sn aie DE 6 - 1 x e s rm
te J n ay 5 201 d p iin o Po ol cil ( an ifs 3 ()6 rp e e ttv )( 1 0 1;
h a u r , 8 e osto f s i l Plitf' 0b ( ) e r s naie DE 7 -1
- i
t De aai of Ro Chowdr g 1 - 1 e i c r ponde e fo Pos icil t
he clrton
nni
y DE 71 1 ; mal ores
nc rm
ol- li o

Cho r d td J l 2 ,2 3 g 1 - 1 e i c repo e c fo Cho r t Po oicil
wd y ae uy 2 01 DE 712 ; mal o rs nd n e r m
wd y o s l- li
dae M ac 1 201 ( 1 -) e i c r pondenc bewee Chowdr a Pos icil
td rh 3, 4 DE 713 ; mal ores
e t n
y nd ol- li

d td J y7 2 4 ( 1 - ;1 - 1 e i c repo e c b t e P oicil a dKaae a
ae ul , 01 DE 714 716 ; mal o rs nd n e ewe n os l- li n r lk s
dae J 201 ( 171-j e i c r ponde e fom Cho y t Pos icil dae
td une 4 DE
5 ; mal ores
nc r
wdr o ol- li td

S p e e 1 ,2 4 ( 1 - 1 e i c re p n e c fo Ch wd y t Po ol cil d td
e tmb r 1 01 DE 717 ; mal o rs o d n e r m o r o s i l ae
- i
Ocobe 10,201 ( 1 - ;e i cor ponde e bewee Chowdy and Pos icil dae
t r
4 DE 7181 mal res
nc t n
r
ol- li td
l r
we
y
ol- li e
Jnuay 201 ( 1 - ;emai corespondence bet en Chowdr and Pos icil dat d
a r
5 DE 7191
N ove be a D e m be 2 5 g 1 - 0 ; n e i c re p n e ebewe n Ch wd y a d
m r nd ce r 01 DE 71 1 ) a d mal o rs o d nc t e
o r n

Pos icil daedJ r 20,201 ( 1 - 1 .
ol- li t anuay
5 DE 71 1 1
B . Res
ponse

Plitf fld a Re pons g 1 n opposton t Defnda s M oi f Summay
anif ie
s e DE 86)i
ii o e nt' ton or
r

J
udgmen,a Re pons ( 1 t Dee nt'Stt ntofM ae ilFa t,a Su e na
t
s e DE 831 o fnda s aeme
tra cs
pplme tl
8

De lrto o Ca lE.Go d ab Es .g 1 4 wih e hiisat c e t o p s Dee d ns
caain f r
l fr , q DE 8 ) t x bt ta h d o p o e fn a t'
Moton frSu r J
i o mma y udgme ,a aDe aai ofRe c Pos icil ( 1 . Pli if
nt nd
clrton
bec a ol- li DE 85) antf
frt a s rs t t no c r c e ss bewe n t pa te ,as t e de e does notesabls t
is s e t ha
onta t xit t e he ri s
he vi nc
t ih he
ee e s ofa c r t s any de e e t Pl ntf ' cvi t f a c
lm nt
ontac , o
f ns o ai ifs i l he t nd onver i cli s ba e on
son am
sd

t e e itnc o ac n rc i u a iig g 1 8 p 2 1 1 Plitf ne tag e ta t e
h x se e f o ta t s n valn . DE 6 , p. - 0 . an if x r u s h t h

fnd a is e ae ie tfa e s De e d n s r u n ta s mmay j d me t s ul b
u s t su r d n i bl, o fn a t'a g me t h t u r u g n ho d e
g a e i fvo ofDe enda s a t Pl ntf s co ri a ci lt h c us of a ton i
r ntd n a r
f nt s o ai if
nve son nd vi he a es
ci s
me il s I a pp.1 1 Fi ly,Pl ntf c e t tDe enda s M oton f Summ a y
rtes . d t
0- 2. na l ai if ont nds ha f nt '
i or
r

J d me ts o l as b d nid t te e tn i s e s s mma yj d me to Plitf s v i
u g n h ud lo e e e o h x e t t e k u r u g n n an if el
piri cai ast AtasLuxur ( 1 pp.1 15 . Pli ifmanti t tDeenda t
ecng l m o l
y. DE 86,
3- 1 antf i ans ha f ns

h v n ta d e sd t ef c t a Plitf sij re ae o g ig o t a Ch wd y su eofAta
a e o d r se h a t h t an if nu is r n on r h t o r ' s
ls
Lu u yt c n iu t a odp y n i apr xmaec us ofP an ifsij re . 1 . t 1
x r o o tn e o v i a me t s o i t a e litf nu is d a p. 4.
C. Re y
pl

Dee nt fl a Re y ( 1 ,i whih t y frt ague t tDeenda s we e
fnda s ied
pl DE 991 n c he is r ha f nt r
a horze t us t f
ut i d o e he undsi quesi by Pli tf . f a p.4. Def nt ne c e t t
n
ton
a n if #. t
enda s xt ontnd ha
t undiput d ma e i f c s e t bls t tt pa te ha an a e ntr ga di t f
he
s e
t ral a t sa ih ha he ri s d
gr eme e r ng he unds i
n
que ton. I a p 4- Def nda s fnal a g t tPl ntf ha no pr s nt s fce
si
d t p. 6.
e nt
ly r ue ha ai if s t e e ed ufi int
e de t r butDe e
vi nce o e
f ndan s a gum e sast Ata Luxur J t a pi r i t c o ae ve l
t' r
nt
o ls
y e s nd e c ng he op r t i.
1 a pp.7d. t
8.

11
1.

PLAI FF' M OTI FOR SUM M ARY JUDGM ENT I 1721
NTI S
ON
DE

A . M oto
in

Plitf fldi M oin frS mmayJ d me to P ri,S mmayJ d me t( 1 2 ,
anif ie t to o u r u g n r a t l u r u g n DE 7 )
s
p
Sttmen ofUndiputd M aei Fa t i Suppor ofisM oin f Summay J me (
ae t
s e tral cs n
t t to or
r udg nt DE
9

1 3 1,a d t e De lrto o Ca lE.God ab,Es .( 1 3 2 wi n meo s e hbi
7 -1 n h caain f r
lfr
q DE 7 - ) t u r u x i t
h
s
a tche on M a c 1 , 201 . Fis,P an ifa g e t ti i e tt dt s mmayj d me to
ta dl
rh 5
8 rt litf r u s ha t s nil o u r u g n n
e

la lt onbot isco ri a isci lt h cli . ( 1 p.41 Pl ntf ase t t t
ibiiy
h t nveson nd t vi he ams DE 72, . ai if s rs ha
t undipu e m a e i f ct de onsr t t Defnda sCho y,AtasAviton,a Atas
he
s t d t ral a s m ta e hat e nt
wdr
l
ai
nd l
Sals c ve td ispr ry. I a pp.4- Pl ntf alo a s t t tt undiput d ma e il
e on re t ope t
d. t
7. ai if s s ers ha he
s e
t ra

fcss o t tCh wd ya td wi ter q st f lno itn t warn s mmayj d me t
a t h w ha o r ce t h e uii eo ius ne t o ra t u r u g n
h
e
o t cvi t f c . 1 a pp.8- 1
n he i l he t ount d. t
1.
Se ond, ai ifc endst ti i en ild t c pe a o y a te e da
c
Pl ntf ont
ha t s tte o om ns t r nd r bl mage or i t
s , n he
at nai c
ler tve, ompe aor a punii da a be aus i haspr ve t eeme sofci lt h
ns t y nd
tve m ges c e t
o n he l nt
vi he

a dc n rin g 1 2 p 1 - 3 . Plitf as a s rst a t eCo r s o l tmp rrl
n o veso . DE 7 , p. 1 1 j anif lo se t h t h u t h ud e o aiy

ej i Ch wd y fo c n u tn b sn s o ds o igo a s t p ru n t s ci n81 .3 ( )
non o r r m o d ci g u ie s r ip sn f s es u s a t o e to 20 5 6 ,
Fl i St t e . 1 a pp.13- 5.
or da a ut s d. t
1
Thid,Pl ntf as e t t ti i e il d t pi r e t cor a e ve lon is conve s on a
r ai if s r s ha t s ntte o e c he por t i
t
r i nd

ci lt f c s g 72,pp.15- 1 Pli ifc endst tt undiput maeilf t
vi het ount. DE
21 . antf ont
ha he
s ed tra acs
s
how t tt el m en s ofpi r ng t ve lha bee m e he e f
ha he e t
e ci he i ve n t r . #.

Ata h d t te De lrto o Ca lE.Godfr ,Es .( 1 3 2 ae te f lo n
tc e o h caain f r
l ab q DE 7 - ) r h o lwi g
e bis t f lta ci ofGe fAndrws Nove r6,201 de iin ( 1 31 t f l
xhi t:he ul rns rpt
of
e '
mbe
7 posto DE 73- ; he ul
ta ci ofRo Cho y' J y 1 201 de ii g 1 4) t f lta ci ofRo
rns rpt
nni wdr s ul 8, 7 poston DE 73- ; he ul r ns rpt
nni
Chowdr sNove r2,201 de iin ( 1 51 t f ltans rptofStve Kaae s
y'
mbe
7 posto DE 73- ; he ' r ci
ul
e n rlka '
J y 1 2017de ii ( 1 6 ;e i c rs
ul 8,
poston DE 73-1 mal oreponde bewee Chowdr a Pos icil
nce t n
y nd ol- li
dae J nuay 20, 201 ( 1 91 e l core ponde bewe n Chowdr a Ge f
td a r
4 DE 73- ; mai rs
nce t e
y nd of

Andrws dae J y 201 ( 1 11 ; emal c r ponde e bewe n Pos icil a
e
td ul
3 DE 73- )
i ores
nc t e
ol- li nd
'Se aloft e biswe efl unde s l Se DE 1
ver
he xhi t r ied
r ea. e
74.

10

Kaae a d td F b u r 2 4 ( 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 e i c re po e c fo Kaae a t
rlk s ae e r ay 01 DES 7 - 2; 7 - 3 ; mal o r s nd n e r m r lk s o
Po o icil d td F b u r 1 ,2 4 wi d a c re p n e c fo Ch wd y atc e (
s l- li ae e r ay 0 01 , t r h o r s o d n e r m o r ta h d DE
h
1 3 1 1 e i c re po d n eb t e Cho r ,P s l- lia da at r e f rPlitf fo
7 - 4 ; mal o rs n e c ewe n wd y o oicil n n to n y o an if r m
Fe n ay a Ma c 2 4 ( 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 e i c re p n e e fo Po oici it
b zr nd rh 01 DES 7 - 5; 7 - 6 ; mal o r s o d nc r m s l- l o
l
Chowdy dae Aprl7,201 ( 1 1 ;emalc r ponde e bewe n Pos icil a
r td i
4 DE 73- 71
i ores
nc t e
ol- li nd
Kaaeka dae J 201 ( 1 1 1 emalc rs
rl s td une 4 DE 73- 8 ; i oreponde bewe n Pos icil,Kaalkas
nce t e
ol- li r e ,
a Chowdr daed J 201 ( 1 1 ;e lc r ponde e bewe n Karlka a a
nd
y t une 4 DE 73- 91 mai ores
nc t e
ae s nd n

atr e f r Pli tf d td Ma c 1 ,2 4 ( 1 3 21;Dee a t Ch wd y' Co rce
to n y o anif ae
r h 3 01 DE 7 - ) fnd n o r s re td

Re p n e a d Ob e to s t Plitf' Fis S t o I tro ao is g 1 3 2 ;De e d n
s o s s n j cin o anifs rt e f n er g t re DE 7 -41 fn a t
Chowdy' Repons t Pli ifsFis Re tf Admisons ( 1 251 doc ntton
r s s e o antf rt ques or
si DE 73- ; ume ai

rg r n t eta fro fmd fo Ty z t Ata Avain ( 1 3 2 1 Pli tf sc u s ls
e adig h rnse f t s r m n s o ls ito DE 7 - 7 ; anif o n e'
Noie ofDe nd f Trbl Da es f Ci lThe tdae J nuay 8 201 ( 17 281
tc
ma or e e mag or vi f td a r , 6 DE 3- ;
doc
umentton r ga di t ta f s of f nds fom Atas Aviton t Pl i if a t W hie
a i e r ng he r nser
u
r
l
a i o antf nd o
t

M o n an J t LLC ( 1 3 2 ) Dee d n Ata Av ai n' Repo e a d Obe to t
u ti es
DE 7 - 9 ; fn a t ls ito s s ns s n
j cins o
Plitf s Fis Se o ltro ao is ( 1 3 3 1 De e d n Ata S ls Re p n e a d
anif rt t f n er g t re DE 7 - 3 ; f n a t ls ae ' s o s s n
Obe to s t Plitf s Fis Se o l tro ao is ( 1 3 3 1 Dee a tAta Lu r s
j cin o anif rt t f ne r g tre DE 7 - 4 ; fnd n ls xuy'

Re p n e a d Ob e to s t Plitf s Fis S t o I tro ao is ( 1 3 3 4 t e f l
s o s s n j cin o an if rt e f ner g tre DE 7 - 5 ; h ul
ta srp o J me A. o esJ n ay 1 20 8de o i o g7 - 1 t ef l ta s rp o Re e c
r n cit f n s M s ' a u r 6, 1 p st n 1 4 1; h u lr n cit f b c a
i
Pos icil' No mber1 2017 de ii ( 17 21 Ata Aviton' 201 tx rt n g
ol- lis ve
,
poston DE 4- ; ls ai s 4 a eur DE
l 31 c cki gesfom ba ac ount ofDefnda s( 1 41 Ata Luxur sOpeai
74- ; he ma r
nk c s
e nt DE 74- ; ls
y' rtng
Ag e me ( 1 51 a c sae nt f Ata Luxlr sPNC Ba a ot s( 1 61
r e nt DE 74- ; c ount ttme s or ls zy'
nk cc mt DE 74- ;

c e k i g s fo At s S ls b n a c u t ( 1 4 7 ;Dee da tCh wd y' Co eld
h c ma e r m l ae ' a k c o n DE 7 - ) fn n o r s mp le
a
Res est Pli ifsFis Se ofI er t isNo.8& 9 ( 1 81 ba saeme sf
pons o antf rt t ntrogaore
DE 74- ; nk tt nt or

Ata Avain fo J n 2 , 3t r u h J y 31 2 3 ( 1 4 9 ; rng isr cin fo
ls ito r m u e 9 201 h o g ul , 01 DE 7 - 1 wii n tu to s r m
Pos icil t Chowdr daedJ y22,201 ( 1 1 ;ba sae nt f Ata Sae fom
ol- li o
y t ul
3 DE 74- 01 nk ttme s or ls ls r

mulpl y as g 1 4 1 1 a d c re p n e c fo P Ba k t Plitf sc u e d td
t e e r DE 7 - 1 ; n or s o d n e r m NC n o an if o ns l ae
i
Au us 2 1 g 1 4 1 .
g t 0 7 DE 7 - 21
On M ay 1 201 Pli tf alo fl a Notc of Fii De e nt' Compele
4,
8, a n if s ied
ie
lng f nda s
ld

Ame d d Re p n e t I tro ao is a Pr d cin Re u ss ( 21 1wi Dee d n s
n e s o s s o ne r g tre nd o u to q e t DE 9 t fn a t'
h
di co r r pons a t che
s ve y es
es ta d.
B. Response

Def nt fld t i Re pons i Opposton t De e nt' M oto f Sum ma y
enda s ie her s e n
ii o f nda s
i n or
r

J d me t ( 1 7 a d Re p n e ( 1 8 t Plitf S ae n o Un ip td M ae il
u g n DE 8 ) n s o s DE 8 1 o anifs ttme t f d s ue
tra
Fa t ,w ih a t che e bis Fis ,D e e
c s t ta d xhi t . r t f ndan s a gue t tt e a e ge ne i s s ofm a e i l
t r
ha her r nui s ue
tra

fc ta p e ld s mmay j d me t i Plitf sf v ra t c n e so . ( 1 7 p.8 .
a t h t r cu e u r u g n n anif a o s o o v ri n DE 8 , 1
The a g t tt t di put d f c s s
y r ue ha he m s e a t how t tD e e
ha f ndan s w e e a horze t us t f ,and
t r ut i d o e he unds
Pl ntf a r e t Def nda s us oft f
ai i f g e d o
e nt ' e he unds 1 a pp.8- 0. D ef nt f r he as e t ha
. d. t
1
enda s u t r s r t t

t r a e ge ne is ofma e i f ctr ar ng t û pi oft f
he e r nui s ues
t ral a eg di he t
kee ng he undsi quesi ' ndt t
n
ton'a ha
t r wa i ufi e s gr ga i of t f nds r que t s t f
he e s ns fcint e e ton
he u
e sed o he unds a e not s fce l
r
ufi inty
i ntfa e. 1 a pp.1 1
de ii bl d. t
0- 2.
Se ond,De e nt a g t t t r a e ge ne is of ma e il f c t t pr l
c
f nda s r ue ha he e r nui s ues
t ra a t ha ecude

s mmayj dg n i Plitf fv ra t cvi te t ( 1 7 p 1 1 Th y a s r ta t e
u r u me t n an ifs a o s o i l h f. DE 8 , . 2 . e se th t h
s m e a g e s r r ng c
a
r um nt ega di onve s o r cied a
r i n e t bove a y t c vi t f as wel. I a p. 1
ppl o i l he t
l d t
2.
D e e nt a s m ai ai t Ai en a cr di lt a e bot i s t be dec ded by t
f nda s l o
nt n hat tnt t nd e biiy r
h s ues o
i
he

f c -i r a r pr s nt to of t e de e of ti ,'s Pli if ca
a ttnde he e e ai n
he vi nc
ral' o antf nnot e t bls f l ous
sa ih e oni
i t nt a t s s a i t pr e ngs 1 a p. 1 Def nt f t r a s tt t t pa te '
n e t hi t ge n he oce di . d. t
3. enda s ur he s er ha he ri s
12

a re n c n e igt f n si q e to p e ld ss mmayj d me tf rPlitf a t cvi
g e me t o c m n he u d n u si n r cu e u r u g n o anif s o i l
t f orc
he t onve s on. 1 a p.1
ri
d. t 4.

Thid,De e nt c end t t t r a e ge ne is of m a e i f c t t pr c ude
r
f nda s ont
ha he e r nui s ues
t ral a t ha e l

s mmayj d me ti Plitf sfv ra t u j te rc me t ( 1 7 p.1 1 Th y ag e
u r u g n n anif a o s o nus n ih n . DE 8 , 7 . e r u
e s e ul
he
t t Chowdr has al ys m ai ai d t t Ata Aviton i owe a f e a a r s t of t
ha
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UDGED ta Dee d ns
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