Nettleman III v. Florida Atlantic University

Filing 36

ORDER AND OPINION GRANTING DEFENDANT THE FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY BOARD OF TRUSTEES' MOTION TO DISMISS COM PLAINT granting 20 Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim. Closing Case. Motions Terminated: 20 Defendant's M OTION TO DISMISS 9 Amended Complaint FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM filed by Florida Atlantic University Board of Trustees. Signed by Judge Donald M. Middlebrooks on 1/5/2017. (lan) NOTICE: If there are sealed documents in this case, they may be unsealed after 1 year or as directed by Court Order, unless they have been designated to be permanently sealed. See Local Rule 5.4 and Administrative Order 2014-69.

UNI
TED STATES DI
STRI COURT
CT
SO UTHERN DI
STRI O F FLO RI
CT
DA
CASE NO .1 81339- V- l
6CI M DDLEBRO OKS
CHARLES A . ETTLEM AN ,11
N
1,
Pli if
a ntf,

THE FLORI ATLANTI
DA
C
UNI
VERSI BOARD OF TRU STEES,
TY
De en nt
f da .
/

O RDER AND OPI ON GRANTI DEFENDANT TH E FLO RI ATLANTI
NI
NG
DA
C
UNI
VERSI BOARD OF TRUSTEES'M OTI TO DI I COM PLAI
TY
ON
SM SS
NT

THI CAUSE comes be or t Cour upon De e ntThe Fl i Ata i Uni r iy
S
f e he
t
f nda
orda lntc ve st

Bo r o T use s ($AU' M oi nt DimisPlitf Ame d dCo litC$ to ', ie
a d f r te ' 1
F ' to o s s an ips n e mp an Mo in' fld
)
)
o S pe e 2 ,2 6 ( 2 ) Pli tf Ch re A.Nete n l1(G tlma ' fld a
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Ne
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Repo ei Opposton on Ocobe 11,201 ( 23 ,t whih FAU r id on Nove
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eple
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201 ( 28) Fort ras sae beow,FAU' M otoni g a e
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he e ons ttd l
S i s r ntd.
BACKGROUND

Nete n i a lnd s v yi e nee a pr esorofge i ( 9,Amen d
tlma s a ur e ng ngi r nd of s
omatcs. DE
de

Co lit h r ia tri mpl, a ! 9 .l 2 0 , ec e td ai a ka e' fta hngmaeil
mpan , een fe l
co .' t ) n 0 8 h r ae b c g 'o e c i
'
p
tras
(h t aeil' , whc i ld d t o mon sie , lb rt r e rie , h me r
t e i t ras'
M
) ih ncu e t we it l s a o ao y xecs s o wo k
p
d
a sg me t,it o itr e r s u c s q iz s a de ms' (d a ! 1 ) tlma r gse e
sin ns lss f n en t e o r e , uz e , n xa . 1 . t 0 ,Nete n e itr d
'
t M aera swih t Unie Stt Copyrg Ofi e unde Copyrg Reg. o.7X0007969504.
he t il t he td aes
i ht fc
r
i ht
N -

(d.a ! 1 .The emaeil a eus df t pu pos ofta ng k ontnui e tonc s s
1 t 2)
s tras r e or he r e e chi ' i ng ducai oure
c
t lnd s vey s e nees a at ne . (d.a ! 11 . l ad to t usng t Matras
o a ur or , ngi r, nd tor ys' 1 t ) n diin o i he eil
'

hi s f Ne te
m el, tlman lc est m t G rouscolege and u ve steson ape - e e t rba i '
iens he o ç i
va
l s
ni r ii
rs m se ss.
'

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f ..

FAU h rd Nete n i t e s mme o 2 1 a a a j nc p o e s t ta h ac u s
ie tlma n h u r f 0 4 s n d u t r f sor o e c o re
c l d F n a n asofSu v yn f rt e F l 2 4 smetr (#.a ! 1 ) To ta h t e
al u d me tl
e
r e ig o h al 01 e se . f t 3 ,
ec h
c s ' c cul , ete a us d hi M a e i sa ma t m a ia e onlneby upl di
our e s uni um N tlm n e s t ral nd de he va lbl i
oa ng

te t Blc b ad FAU' t n ie lanngma a e n s tm. (d.a ! 1 ) Blc o r
h m o a k o r,
S % ln e r i - n g me t yse ' I t 4 . a kb a d
o
'
m a be a es e ko y by t pr es orofr cor t e ole sude s FAU' i e ne
y
cc s d knl
he of s - -e d, he nr ld t nt,
S ntr t

t hnol s
ec ogy uppor saf,a t pr a dea ' (d. ! 1 .
t t f nd he ogrm n.' I at 5)
Ats
ome poi tt r afer FAU ofe e Netema a poston t tac t c s a n f
n he e t ,
fr d tl n
ii o e h he our e gai or

t Sp ig20 5sme tr f a ! 1 ) Nete nd cie b c u eh h da c p e af l-i
he rn 1 e se .(#. t 7 . tlma e ln d e a s e a c e td u l me
t

po iin es wh r . (d) l De e e 2 4 Dr Ya Yo g (t ng' te Ch i ofa d
sto le e e 1 .. n c mb r 01 , . n n d
Yo ', h ar n
)
pr f s i FAU' De rm e of Ci l Enviomne a & Ge ai s Engi ee i r que t
o es or n
S pa t nt
vi,
r
nt l
om tc
n rng, e sed
t tNete a per tt r pl e
ha tlm n mi he e ac ments v ng pr e s t us hi M aera s f t Sp i
ur eyi
of s or o e s t il or he rng

2 5 s metr (d.a ! 1 ) Net ma d ne t er q e tb c us ,a h if r d Yo g h
01 e se . I t 6 . tl n e id h e u s e a e s e n o me n , e
e
lc ns d hi M a e i s t uni r ii f a f e a c d not a l FAU t us t m fe o
ie e s t ral o ve stes or e nd oul
low
o e he r e f
d
e y o s
r , te
umed t tt
ha he
c ag . (d.a ! l ) W hen Yong di notr pl t hi demural Netlm an ass
h re 1 t 8.

is eh d c n ld d (d. t 1 )
su a o cu e . l a ! 9 .
Lat i 201 Nete a a FAU r ume t i r a i hi Du i t Fal 201
er n
5, tlm n nd
es d her eltons p. rng he l 5

s m e tr a trt t n- ure s v yi pr es orwas de t FAU as d,and Ne te n
e se , fe he he c r nt ur e ng of s
pored,
ke
tl ma

a re , otk hi plc frt erman e oft s me tr (# a ! 2 - 3 . On eh b c me
ge d t a e s a e o h e id r he e se . / . t ! 2 2 ) c e e a
t pr es orofr co d f t cour e Ne te
he of s - -e r or he
s , tl man l
ogged i o Blck r onl t dicove t t
nt a boa d, y o s r ha
t out ng s ve ng pr e s had b n u ii ng hi M a e i s t t a t c s c cu um
he goi ur yi
of s or
ee tlzi
s t r al o e ch he our e uni l

f t tsmet .(d.a ! 24) I si tngt mat f t ,Nete n t l r t ough
or ha e ser l t
. nvetgai he ter urher tlma hen eaned hr

Blc r a Dr
a kboa d nd opbox t tS ny ofhi M aei s'wee as us by t pr esors who
ha i
ma
s tral' r lo ed he of s t)

tu h tec rei te S rn a S mme 201 s me tr .(#. t! 252 ) Atn p itd d
a g t h ou s n h p i g nd u r 5 e se s / a ! - 6 . o on i
Ne te n a horze FAU t m a us oft M atra sorr c veany c pe a i f t rus
tl ma ut i
o ke e he
e il
e ei
om ns ton or hei e

i te s r e i c u s . (d.a ! 28 . Net ma as n tst a FAU h s a o td iso
n h u v yng o re 1 t ) tl n lo oe h t
e
a d pe t wn
i elecua pr ry polc whi h t r a st f culy me be a t c i t o r ofwor
nt l t l ope t
iy
c i e t he a t
t
m r s he opyrgh wne
ks
t t a e c ea e i pe nty a at t f uly m e
ha r r t d nde nde l nd
he ac t
mbers own i ta i f r ta tona
'
niitve o r dii l

a a e cp r o e . (d a !31& Ex. a 3 .
c d mi u p s s' 1 . t
'
A t)
Netlma tld a co ai a i tFAU on J y 27 201 ( 1 , He a nde t
te n le
mpl nt gans
ul , 6. DE )
me d he
c antonc on Augus 23,201 ( 9) TheAme d Compl nt(k
ompli
e,
t
6. DE .
nde
ai çcomplif' ase t
an ) s rs
t saut yc esofa tonagans FAU;( )co rghti rnge ntu r1 U. C.j 1 e
wo tt or aus
ci
it
1 py i nfi me nde 7 S.
06, t

s q.( mp .a ! 415 ) a d ( )atrto o c p rg tma a e n i o main u d r 1
e Co l t ! - 3 ; n 2 leain f o y i h n g me t nfr to n e 5

U. C.j 1 0 ()(d a ! 5 - 6 . I a dto te Co an alg sta b i rn ig o h s
S.
2 2 a i. t ! 3 6 ) n d iin,h mplit le e h t y nfign n i
co rg e M atra wihoutduepr s oflw,FAU vi atd Netl man' c tt i lrght
py i htd
eil t
oce s a
ol e
te
s onsiutona i s

e n tn fo te F u te t Ame me to t eUn td SttsCo si to (d. t! 67 81.
ma aig r m h o re n h
nd n f h ie ae n tt in. 1 a ! - )
u
FAU fldteisa tMo int Dimisp ru n t Fe R. v P.1 b ( ) ( 2 a 1.
i h n tn to o s s u s a t o d. Ci. 2()6 . DE 0 t )
e
LEGAL STANDARD

A moi t dimisunde Rul 1 b)6)c le t l ls tcinc ofacompli .
ton o s s
r e 2( ( halnges he ega ufi e y
ant
Se Fe R.Ci P.1 b)6) n a s sng t lga s fcincy ofacompli ' ale tons t
e d.
v. 2( ( .l sesi he e l ufi e
ants lgai ,he
Cou ti b
r s ound t a y t pl di sa r ari ult d i Bel Atantc Cor v Twombl 550
o ppl he ea ng t nda d tc a e n l l i
p. .
y,

U.. 4 ( 0 7 a dAs c o v I b l 5 U.. 6 , 78( 0 ) a i,h c mplit' s .
S 5 4 2 0 ) n h rh , q a , 56 S 6 2 6 2 09 .Th t s te o an i t .
mu
.

cont i s fc e f c ualm a t r a e ed as tue,t t t t a c a m t r le t ti pl i e on
a n ufi i nt a t
te , cc pt
r o sa e l i o e i f ha s aus bl

isfc '' Am.De alAs ' v Ci Cor ,605 F. 1
t a e.'
nt sn . gna p.
3d 283,1 (11h Ci.201 ( otng
289 t r 0) qu i
Two y 55 U. at57 .tDimis i t r or pennitd whe ont bassofadipostve
mbl 0 S. 0) i s sal s heef e
te
n he i
s ii

3

is e oflw , c tu i oft f c ua ale tonswils ppor t c us ofa ton.' Gl e
su
a no onsr cton he a t l lgai
l u
t he a e
c i ' ov r

v LigetGr tI c,4 9 F.d 1 0 1 08( 1h Ci. 0 6 (ne n lq o ain o te )( i n
. g t p. n . 5 3 3 4, 3 1 t r 2 0 ) itr a u tto s mitd et g
i
Ma s alC/ Bd o
r h l y. . fEdu .v Ma s a l Ga Dit, 9 F. d 1 71 1 7 ( 1hCi. 9 ).
c . rh l C@. s s.9 2 2 1 , 1 4 1 t r 1 93)
W he r viwi a moton t dimi s a c tmus c tue pl ntf c pl nti t
n e e ng
i o s s , our
t onsr
ai ifs om ai n he

lgh m os f or bl t pl i if a t ke t f ct ale tons sa e t en as tue. See
i t
t av a e o antf nd a he a ual l ga i
t t d her i
r

Erc onv Par ,551U. 89,93 ( ;Chrso rv Har y 536U. 403,406 (
iks . dus
S.
2007) itphe . bur
S.
2002)
;

Br o s v Ble Cr s t Ble S ed o Fl. I c, 1 6 F.d 1 6 , 1 6 ( 1h Ci. 1 9 )
o k , u o s o u hil f a, n . 1 3 3 4 3 9 1 t r 9 7 .
Ho ve ,pl a ngs t t i r no m or t n c usons ar no e il d t t as umpton of
we r e di
ha ' e
a
e ha oncl i , e t ntte o he s
i
t uh. W hie lgal conc usons c n pr de t fame k of a c pl i , t y mus be
rt
l e
l i
a
ovi he r wor
om ant he
t

s
uppore by f t a lgatons. l al 556 U. a 678;s e alo Si tai v Coc col
td
acual le i ' qb ,
'
S. t
e s nalr nal , a- a

Co,5 F. 1 2,1 ( 1h Ci.2009)(ttngt ta unwa rntd de to off c i not
. 78 3d 25 260 1 t r
sai ha n
ra e ducin a t s
consdee tu f pur eofdeemi ngwheheracli i l lys ûce )
i rd r e or pos
tr ni
t
am s egal uf int,
Ge r l apli tf i notr quie t de a lalt f c supon whih he ba e hi cai .
ne aly, a n if s
e r d o t i l he a t
c
ss s l m

Fe R. v. 8()2) he , e8a ()rquiesas ta pli satme oft cli t t
d, Ci P. a( .Rat r Rul ()2 e r hor nd an t e nt he am ha
f il notfest def ntofbot t cai a t s
a ry ii he enda
h he l m nd he uppori gr
tng ounds Twombl 550 U. a
.
y,
S. t

555- Howe r i e 8a ( silrquiesa tho ng, rt rt ablnke a s ton,of
56.
ve, t
Rul ()2) tl e r
s wi ' ahe han a t seri
e il me t r le .'l a 55 n. Pl ntf' t i to t pr de t û r
ntte nt o e if' d. t 6 3. ai ifs i gai n o ovi he g ounds of hi
obl
'
s
' ilm e t r if r r m or t n lbel a c l i , a f mul c r ct ton oft
entte nt o ele equies e ha a s nd oncusons and or ai e ia i
he

eeme sofac eofa ton wilnotdo. I a 555 ( tto omit . tFa t lalgai
l nt
aus
ci
l
' d t
'
ciain ted) ' cua le tons

mu tb e o h t r ie( anips rg tt rle a o et es e uaielve, ntea s mpi n
s e n ug o as plitf ) ih o eif b v h p c ltv e l o h s u to
t tal oft a l ga i i t c pl nta e tue. I
ha 1 he le tons n he om ai r r ' d
'

4

DI
SCUSSI
ON
Thevi lt ofNetema sCom pli tt nson t r s uton ofa uns tl is i t
abiiy
tl n'
a n ur
he e ol i
n eted s ue n he
Elve h Cic t unde wha c r sanc s i a doest Copy i Re e es Clrfc ton
e nt r ui:
r
t icum t e , f ny,
he
rght m di
a ii a i

Ac (i
ti
CRCA' a ogaet Stt 's r i i
' br t he aes ove egn mmuniy,purua t Se ton 5oft Fo te h
)
t
s nt o ci
he ure nt
Ame
ndm e ?
nt

Sover gn i
ei mmuniy le a t he r of t i t ntM oton be us FAU a g , a
t is t he a t hc nsa
i
ca e
r ues nd
Nete n ap a s t conc i t Compli ,t t FAU c tt e a sa e age y a She
tl ma pe r o
ede n he
ant ha
ons iut s tt
nc s '
t

g v r ig bo y o ap bl u ie st . ( 2 a 4 Co l a ! 3 . Flrda lw d tn s a
o enn d f u i nv ri ' DE 0 t ; mp . t ) o i a ei e
c
y'
u v riyb ad o tu te a a' tt a e cy o s b v so l'frp r os so d lmii te
niest o r f r se s s i ae g n l) r u diiinl' o u p e f ei tng h
s
sope ofs r gn i niy. Fl Stt j 768. ( . M e nwhie,t Elvent Ame nt
c
oveei mmu t
a. a.
282)
a l he e h
ndme

ga t i nt fom s i n tj tt sae te ev s b tas t l tt a e ce a e tt s
rn s mmu i r ut o us o tts h ms le , u lo o s ae g n is nd nii
y
s
e

t tf n to a a am o t sae' Ro sv Jfe s n C/ De 'o at ,7 F.d 6 5 6 9
ha u cin s n r f he tt . s . efr o y. p t fHe lh 01 3 5 , 5
'
( 1h Ci.2 2 (n en lq oainso t d . Th r i n d s u et a F i a i nn o t e
1 t r 01 ) itr a u tto mie ) e e s o ip t h t AU s n l
t
a fh
sa e' ha woul o he wie qua iy f s r gn i muniy. W e e FAU i mune fom s tunde
tt 't t
d t r s
lf or ove ei m
t
r
m
r ui
r
t El ve h Am e e ,i woul ha t c e t be s d i or r t co e wihi t
he e nt
ndm nt t
d ve o ons nt o
ue n de o m
t n he

Cour' J idi i - whi i ha notdone.
ts' s cton
ur
ch t s
N on hels ,a bot Pa tesr ogni ,Congr sma ln c ra n ca e ,...a oga et
et e s s h ri ec ze
es y, i e ti s s
i
br t he
St t s s r gn i muniy.' Por Aut Tr -iu on Cor v Fe ne 495 U . 299,304
a e ' ove ei m
t '
t h. ansl ds
p. . e y
S.

( 990) Abr ton i per si e whe t condii a e stsi ( ) Congr s
1 .
ogai s misbl
n wo
tons r aifed: 1
es

t n q i o al e p e s llisitn t a r g t t ei ni ;a d( )i n rs gcs p ru n
i e u v c ly x r se s t ne t o b o ae h mmu t n 2 k g e s a tl u s a t
u
y
co
t av l e ecs o p we , Se n l T ieo a v Fl rd , 7U. 4 , 5( 9 6 ( tr a
o ai x r ie f o r' mio e rb fFl. . o ia 51 S. 4 5 1 9 ) i en l
d
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n
quoai omit . W ih rs c t t s c p ong,t Suprme Co tha hed t t
ttons ted)
t e pe t o he e ond r
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e
ur s l ha
Congr s ca
e s nnota tpurua t a ofisAri e 1power t e nd t s pe oft f de al
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s nt o ny t tcl
s o xpa he co
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5

c u t'Aril lIj rs ito l a 7 - 3 (i'e Elv nh Ame d n r srcst j d ca
o rs t e l u idcin. d. t 2 7 df
c
-h e e t
n me t e tit he u iil
powe unde Aril 11 a Aril Ic nnotbe us d t cic ve t consiutonallmia i
r
r tc e 1 , nd tc e a
e o r um nt he
tt i
i ttons

pa e u o fd r l u idito ' . l oh rwo d ,is fra af d r lsau ee a tdp ru n
lc d p n e e a j rs cin.) n te r s n o a s e ea ttt n ce u s a t
'
t Ari e I pur t t a oga e t St t ' s r i i
o tcl
pors o br t he aes ove egn mmuniy,i i voi Conve s y,t
t t s d.
r el he

Supr me Cour a fr e i Se i e Trbe t t t Fouree t Am e e ' Enf c m e
e
t fim d n m nol i ha he
t nh
ndm nts
or e nt

Clus ( ci 5)pr desalgii t ba i f a ogai #.a 59,65- (ii Fiz rc
a e Se ton
ovi
e tmae ss or br ton.f t
66 ctng tpatik

v Bi e , 2 U, 4 5 ( 9 6 ) U..
. t r 4 7 S. 4 1 7 ); S CONS . me d. V,j5 (-h Co g e ss alh v p we
z
T a n XI
il e n r s h l a e o r
i'
t e ore,by a o it lgilton,t pr sons oft s a tce.) Tha i be us ihe
o nf c
pprprae e sai he ovii
hi ril ' . t s ca e f
'
t
Foure h Ame e ,ado e we la r t a i of t Elve h Amend e a t
tent
ndm nt
pt d l he he dopton
he e nt
m nt nd he
r tfc ton of t Consiuton,ope a e t a tr t pr - xitng baanc bet e sa e a
a ii ai
he
tt i
r t d o le he e e si
l e we n tt nd
f r lpo rac eve by Aril lla t Elve h Am e
ede a we hi d
tce I nd he e nt
ndme .'1 at65 66.
nt' d.
He e,Nete a s Compl nta lgest tFAU vi aed bot f r c i htsa ut
r
tlm n'
ai le
ha
olt
h ede al opyrg tt es
and t Fouree h Am e e . St t or la lt as t sa e enttes s
he
t nt
ndm nt aut y ibiiy
o tt
ii uppos dl se s fom
e y tm r
CRCA,whi h e e sy atempt t a oga e sae s r gn i uniy,t r by s ts yi t
c xpr s l t
s o br t t t ove ei mm t he e a if ng he
trt pr of t Se nol Trbe a oga i t t Se nol Trbe,51 U. a 55. The Ac
s s ong
he mi e i br ton es. mi e i
7 S. t
t
pr des i r ev par:
ovi ,n el ant t
Any St t any i tument iy ofa Stt a any of e or e oye ofa St e
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nsr
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mpl e
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or i tu
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alt
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sc a pa t hal t
i mune,unde t Elvent Am e
m
r he e h
ndmentoft Consiuton oft Unie St t
he
tt i
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orund a ot rdoc rne ofs r gn i
er ny he
ti
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t r
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17U. C,j511a .Cong e sr nf c t spolc es r ,c i ng:
S.
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r s ei ores hi iy lewhe e ontnui
us ve i s
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r
Anyo who vi a e a of t excl i r ght of t co i ow ne as
ne
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10 a, or who i rs copis or phonor cords i o t Unied Stt i
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6

vi ai ofs ton 602,i a i rng oft c i htorrghtoft au hor as
ol ton
ec i
s n nfi er he opyrg
i
he t ,

t ca e ma be Forpur e oft s c ptr ( t r t n s ci 506 ,a
he s y .
pos s hi ha e ohe ha e ton ) ny
r e e t c i hts l be de m e t i l t rght conf red by s ton
ef r nce o opyrg ha l
e d o ncude he i s
er
eci

106 a .Asus i t ss bs to t t m i ny ' i l a Stt a
A()
ed n hi u ecin, he er i one' ncudes ny ae, ny
a
i tum e alt of a St e, a a ofi e or empl e of a St e or
nsr nt iy
at nd ny fc r
oye
at
i tum e alt ofa St t ac i i hi orhe ofi alc c t Any St t , a a
nsr nt iy
a e tng n s
r fci apa iy.
ae nd ny

s c isr me tl y ofie ,o e o e ,s alb s b e tt te p o so so
u h n tu nai , fc r r mply e h l e u j c o h r viin f
t
t s tte i t s me m a r and t t s m e e entas a no
hi il n he a
nne
o he a
xt
ny ngove nm e al
r nt
t iy,
ntt

l a j501a .
d. t
()
The mor difc t quesi i whe he Cong e s e td CRCA tpu s ntt a va i
e fi ul
ton s
t r
r s nace
û r ua o
ld

e r s ofpowe , Se nol Trbe,51 U. a 55. The El ve h Cic thas ar dy f und
xe cie
r' mi e i
'
7 S, t
e nt r ui
lea o
t t i lght of CRCA ' l sa i hit r icongr s i e
ha , n i
S egiltve so y, s
e s nt nded t a ogae sae s r gn
o br t t t ove ei

i nt u e isAril I owe . Na 1As ' o a d o a mac v Bd o g nso he
mmu i nd r t t e p r' t sn fBo r s fph r y . . fRe e t ft
y
c
'
Unv s - o Ga ,63 F.d 1 9 ,1 3 ( 1h Ci.2 1 ( een fe C
i. 't f . 3 3 2 7 31 1 t r 01 ) h ri a tr i
y
NABP' . Be a s t e
' c ue h
)

Su rmeCo r h dp e iusy rj ce Aril IsCo y ih a dPae tClu ea av ldg o n
pe
u t a r vo l ee td t e ' p rg t n tn a s s ai r u d
c
t a ogat sae s e g i
o br e tt over i n mmuniy vi t Pae Re e Ac , s e Fl Prpai
t
a he tnt m dy
t e
a. e d

Poss c
te ondar Educ Ex ns Bd.v Col,Savigs Bank,527 U. 627 ( 999) t Elve h
y
. pe e
. l
n
S.
1 , he e nt

Cic tr a o e t a ' itwo l b ic ng u u t h l ta Co g e sma a r g t t eStt '
rui e s n d h t i l ud e n o r o s o od h t n r s y b o ae h aes
g
s r i i uniy unde ' t s
ove egn mm t
r' he ame clus t or aci br
a e k
f
tons oughtunde CRCA.' NABP,633
r
'
F. a 131 1 Thus i hel t tt Copyrg a PaentClus c d nots
3d t 4- 5.
, t d ha he
iht nd t
a e oul
uppor CRCA '
t
S
e r ieofabr ton a hort 1 at1 5. t s m etme, t l ngua ofNABP a a ed
xe c s
ogai ut iy. d. 31 1At he a i he a
ge
ppe r
t l vet doorope f a e a e ofSe i 5 oft Foure h Am e
o ea he
n or n mbr c
cton
he
tent
ndme asas ceof
nt
our

a ogai gi n t rgh f t l algai . 1 a 1 6- 9 (esrci hol ng t
br ton, ve he i t acua le tons d. t 31 1 r titng di o

1FAU r i on t shol ng t a gue t tNete a s saut y cai sm us be dimi s d. But
eles hi di o r
ha tlm n' t t or l m
t
s se
t twoul onl b tu i Nete a s cli sr t d e l i y on Ari l 1 Be us he a s
ha
d y e r e f tlm n' am ese xcusvel
tce . ca e
lo
as e t a Fouree h A m endm e f unda i n,I m us - a di t Cour i NABP - a s s t
s rs
t nt
nt o
to
t s d he
tn
s es he
m e isoft tgr
rt ha ound.
7

cr
icumsa s pld i c pl nt see /.# . Th u s o i ta,wi te Aril I r u e
t nce e n om ai ,
n w)2
e ph t s ht t h t e o t
h
c
f e l e t ke t unl k a oga i - a cons nty,Ne te
or cos d, he y o oc br ton nd
eque l
tl man' saut y c i
s t t or opyrght
cli s- i t Foure h Amendme .
am
s he
tent
nt
As dic s N ete a s Compli pais t saut r c es of a i n wih a Due
s us ed, tlm n'
ant r he t t o y aus
cto
t
Pr es cai unde t Foure nt Amendme . To be n wih,t e blng pr sonsoft
oc s l m
r he
te h
nt
gi t he na i
ovii
he
Enf c m e Clus enc
or e nt a e
ompa s t powe t e f ct t t Due Pr s Clus t ough
s he
r o fe ua e he
oce s a e hr

a p o raelg sain.Ci o e n v Flr s 5 U. 5 7, 1 ( 9 7 .Th tlgsainc n
p r p it e ilto
t fBo r e . o e , 21 S. 0 5 9 1 9 ) a e ilto a
y
begea e t r r medyi S ct lvi ai ' oft Fouree h Am e e ,Unie St e v
r d owa ds e
ng t ua oltons' he
a
t nt
ndm nt
t d ats .

Ge r a, 5 U. 1 , 1 ( 06 , o c n pr
o gi 46 S, 51 51 20 ) r a ophylcialy tr t tc
a tc l a ge ionduc not is l
t
tef

u c n ttto a' i t ee i a i o g u n e a d p o rin lt bewe n t ( n o ttto a)
n o si in l f h r s ' n r e c n r po t aiy t e he u c nsi in l
u
'
c
o
u

ij r t b p e t tdo r me id a dteme n a o tdt t te d. Cj o e ne 5 U.
nu y o e rv n e r e de n h a s d pe o ha n ' @ fBo r , 21 S.
'
a 518 53 Ne tema a us FAU ofde i ng hi ofa pr ry i er twihoutduepr s
t , 3. tl n cc es
prvi
m
ope t nt es t
oce s

oflw,a t at mpt t alegea 'a t lvi ato ' erGe gi Se NABP,633 F. a
a nd hus te s o l
n 'c ua ol i n'und
or a. e
3d t

1 1 (nalzi neal i ntc lcl m unde Sa t lvi ai 'fa wor ;s e alo ( 23 a
3 6 a y ng ry de ia ai
r icua olton' rme k) e s DE
t
8- , ctngt Ge gi .
9 ii o or a)3

2Thi i i con r tt t Fi Cic t whih h hel CRCA t be,c t orc l û n i ope
s s n tas o he hh r ui, c as d
o
a eg ialy, i mpr r
a
e r s ofCong es i
xe cie
r sonall giltve powe .' Chave v ArePublc Pr s ,204 F, 601,607
e sa i
r'
z . t
io e s
3d

( hCi,2000)(ugge tng t tCongrs woul ha ne d,butdi no have apur et r y
5t r
s si ha
es
d ve ede
d t , pos o el
on t Foure nt Amendmen , bu h di i a e nt t t CRCA' br adt wa not
he
te h
t t ol ng, n ny ve , ha
S e h s

c n re t n prp ri aet teijr s u h t b qe e td .
o gu n a d o ot t o h nuy o g to e rv ne )
on

3l is Re y,FAU ct s t a f no e i NABPSwhlh quesi whet r a k oc a due
n t pl
ie o oot t n
c
tons
he i edur l
pr
p o s cli a t ly f ls u rGeor a' fame k. NABP,633 F.d at1 6,n.2. The
r ce s am c ua l a l nde
gi s r wor '
'
3
31
3
Elven h Cic t deci d t pur ue t s lne of i uiy bec us i hel t t e
e t r ui
lne o
s hi i
nq r
a e t d ha , ven as umi
s ng
Geo gi s a i a i t f t a l ga i i t tca e w er i uf i e . 1 FA U r w ih
r a' pplc ton, he ac ual le tons n ha s
e ns fci nt d.
uns t

te fon t' lgc t ofra fca atc o an d e p o es cam roe i c p rq t
h o toes o i o fe ail t k n y u rc s li o td n o yih
a

i rnge n .( 28a 3- .Thi agume comest l e,a FAU di notbifi i isi ta
nfi me t DE
t 4) s r
nt
oo at s
d
re t n t nill
moi Thet yi t r or k e d wai d. l r Egi ,571F.d 115 11 (1 t Ci.
ton.
heor s heef e i me
de
ve ' n e di
'
3
6, 63 lh r
200 . la e sonl FAU' cii sofNete n' pl di ,whih a s t t ortca
9) ddrs y
S rtque
tlma s ea ngs c s ume he he ei l
pos i lt of t Four e nt A m e
s biiy
he
te h
ndm e ' Due Pr es Cl us s t i ng CRCA ' a oga i
nts
oc s a e us a ni
S br ton
of s r g i m u t
ove ei n m niy.
8

I NABP,t El nt Cicui c ede t t$ c i i a pr ry i e e tpr e t d
n
he eve h r t onc d ha 1 opyrght s ope t ntr s ot c e
a
unde t Due Pr s Clus ' NABP,633 F. a 1317. Howe r t cour not d t t Due
r he
oce s a e.
'
3d t
ve , he
t e hat he
Pr s Cl e does notgua a ee t ta i vi lbe a e t r t i pr t, onl t t t
oce s aus
r nt ha n ndi dua
bl o e a n opery
y ha he

pr ry notbe deprve k t due pr es oflw.' 1 a 1 6- 7 ( i Zi r v
ope t
i d ' hout
wi
oc s a ' d. t 31 1 quotng nemon .
Bu c 494 U. 11 1 (990 ) The eor,t is befr t Cour waswha pr e swa
r h,
S, 3, 25 1 ). r f e he sue o e he
t
t oc s s
duet t i rnge upon pli if I a 1 7.The c ti nttedt optons: t rapr or
o he nfi da ntf. d. t 31
our de i
i wo i eihe
e-

pos- prvai heai Se i ( s usi t c tonsunde whih oneort ot ri due)
tde i ton rng. e d. dic sng he ondii
r c
he he s .
The Elvent Cicui hel t a pr - prvai he rng wasunf asbl a notr quie wher
e h r t d hat e de i ton a i
e i e nd
e rd
e
t co antdi notale t tt uni riy def nda a t d on a e tbls d sa epr dur
he mpli d
lge ha he ve st
e nt c e
n sa ihe t t oce e
t twa i i d t de i i vi soft i c i ht .' 1 a 1 8( tngRi e
ha s i gne o prve ndi dual
des
her opyrg s ' d. t 31 ci
i t nhous v
t
e.

De b C/ ,764F. 1 ( 1h Ci.1 5) (
Kal z.
2d 451 1 t r 98 ) emphassi orgna) Bec us t pli ift r
i n ii l. a e he antf he e
di notm a t ar umen ,t opi on di not e uae wheher t sa e f ied t pr de
d
ke he g
t he ni
d
val t
t he tt al o ovi

a e u t p s- e rv to rme is i. t1 9 at o g i ald dt al u fce c l' tn ad
d q ae o td p iain e de , d a 31 , lh u h t l e o i fiinly 'sa d r
u
s
f pl di s h a cai , i 4
or ea ng uc
l m d.

FAU ag e ta,j s a i NABP,Nete n fie t ie tf a e tbl h d sae
ru s h t u t s n
t ma ald o d niy n sa i e tt
l
s
pr e e desgne t de i hi ofhi c i e M a e i l Tha woul obvi t t ne f
oc dur
i d o prve m
s opyrght d t ra . t
d
ae he ed or
a pr - prva i he rng. Addii l i c e ,Nete a di nots tcinty a lge a
e de i ton a i
tonaly, t ontnds tlm n d
ufi e l le n

a e e ofpos- prvai r m e es l pa tc a ,he di no a e s whe he he c d ha
bs nc
tde i ton e di . n riul r
d t ddr s
t r
oul ve
fld a c
ie
omm o l t ta i n agans FAU. Nete a r s
n aw or cto
i t
tlm n e ponds t t he post muli e
ha
ied
tpl

pr edu e t tha t pur e ofde i ng hi ofhi pr ry i e es. M or r he i it,
oc r s ha ve he pos
prvi
m
s ope t nt r t
eove , nsss

4 I di t , t El ve h Ci c t r f e ed t di ti c ts fndi t t G e gi pr de
n c a he e nt
r ui e er nc he s rct our ' i ng ha
or a ovi d
sa u or c mon l w,a a i srtve r medi a obs r e f t rt tt pl ntf ha
t t t y, om
a nd dm nitai e
es nd e v d urhe ha he ai if d
fl d a sa e br a ofc r c a ton a t rt f de alc e wasdim is NABP,633 F. a
ie
t t e ch
onta t c i fe he e r as
s s ed.
3d t
1319.
9

he ne d nota e st a iabiiy ofc
e
ddr s he val lt
omm o 1w t tr di s a t s sa - t h e n i
n a or eme e t hi t ge houg ve f
s h r me e wer a iabl t woul notpr dean a quae pos- prvai he rng.
uc e di s e val e, hey
d
ovi
dt t
tde i ton a i
On t pr d prva i font Iagr e wih FAU t tN ete a doe no r ie a sngl
he e- e i ton r ,
e t
ha tlm n
s t as
i e

esa ihed sae pr edur e nci a desgn t srp hi ofapr t i er s . TheCo pl nt
t bls
t t oc e vi ng
i o ti m
opery nt e t
m ai
a r g r ly t t'FAU ha e c td m uli e p oc dur pup os t d prve Pli ifofhi
ve s ene a l ha '
s na t
tpl r e es
ed o e i
antf
s

p o et itrs i h se p rg t, ( mpl a !7 ) Thi p rsn i tio e t a c mmo at
r p ry ne et n i o y ih s' Co . t 2 . s h a ig s al rd o e o d t
'
t de
he mands ofNABP butdoe notis l a lge a pa tc arpr edur . W ihoutmor i i
s
te f le ny ri ul oc e
t
e, t s
me el a S or a cr ia i 'ofa e e nta t hed t a docrna t t Twomby,550 U . a
r y i muli ect ton' n l me tac
f
o
ti l es.
l
S. t
545. Tha r f e e i ,howe r f l d by t e alegai t tc d a g y be c tue
t e er nc s
ve , olowe
hr e l tons ha oul r uabl
onsr d
as mor s cii pr edur :
e pe fc oc es

t t FAU tnt ntona l a delbe a el i no e Dr
ha
l e i ly nd
i
i rt y g r d .

Nete a sr s e t FAU ' i r a tusng hi M a e i s i or t us t M atra s
tlm n' e pons o
S nquiy bou i
s t ral, n der o e he
eil

wihoutdee ton by hi a wihou ha ng t c
t
tci
m nd t t vi o ompe ae hi '(d.a ! 73) ( t ti
ns t m' i t
; 2) ha t
i n e i ly a dei r t l al we ot pr e s st ac es a dis m i t t M a e i l
d t ntonal nd lbe a ey lo d her of s or o c s nd s e na e he t ras
i

vateBlc b ad lanig ma a e n s tm, u t rn tei fi e n'(d.a !7 ) a d
i h a k o r e r n - n g me t yse f rheig h n rng me t i t 4 ; n
'
( )t t(th lmisplc d o a c s t Blc b ad - ta s ta o l p o e s r a t er
3 ha t l e i t a e n c e s o a k o r h ti, h t ny r fso s nd h i
g
suden s c n s e t ma e i l posed t r - a e desg t pr ve Pl ntf a sm ia l
t t a e he t ras t he eon r
i ned o e nt ai if nd i l ry-

stae oh rfo b c mi a r o t tifi g me t (d a ! 7 ) Ho v r e c o te e
i td te r m e o ng wae f h n rn e n' i. t 5 . we e , a h f h s
u
'
puttve d oc dur ' i i ufi e ,unde t sa r s f t i NABP a t c esr i
a i f e es' s ns fcint
pr
r he t nda d et orh n
nd he as eled
upon t r n,t ti rFAU' oblga i t pr deNete a apr - prva i he i
he ei o rgge
S i ton o ovi
tlm n
e de i ton arng.
The ma n pr e wih e ch of N ete a s e mpl s i t t none of t m a e
i oblm
t a
tlm n' xa e s ha
he r
ç s a i he sa e pr e es' a t t r i c e pl t i NABP. Se NA BP,633 F. a
i t bls d t t oc dur ,' s hat e m s ont m a ed n
e
e
3d t

1 7 ( i Huds v Pal r,468 U. 51 53 (98 )( ai ng t tpr d i ton
31 quotng
on . me
S. 7, 2 1 4) expl ni ha e-eprvai
r di a e d mpr tc lwhe e a l sofpr pery i oc sone by a r ndom ,una horz ac
eme es r i aci a
i
r os
o t s ca i d
a
ut ied t

10

by a sae e oye r t rt n by an e t ihe sa e pr dur be us ' i t e i tnce
t t mpl e, a he ha
sabls d t t oce e ca e' n hos nsa s

the sae c nnotknow whe s h de rvai wilocc ' . The co e ofa i sa ihe
û tt a
t
n uc p i tons l ur'
)
nc pt n i tbls d
e
sa e pr edur ' condii ng t pr de i ton he rng r r m e e e ged i a s i of
tt oc e'
toni he e- prva i
a i equie nt m r
n eres

SuprmeCour opi ons Se Pa r tv Ta or 451U. 527,537- ( 981,overue onot r
e
t ni . e r at . yl ,
S.
38 1 ) r ld
he

gr sb Danil v Wilams 47 U. 3 ( 6) Lo v Zi r Bru hCo. 455U.
ound y
es . li , 4 S. 27 198 ; gan . mme man s
,
S.
422, 436- ( 982) Huds n,468 U. a 531 3 Zi r
37 1 ;
o
S. t - 4; ne mon,494 U. a 1 1
S. t 28- 30. An
esabls d sae pr ed e t e e st t m e hanim t tefec sa de i ton o c rbut s t
t ihe t t oc ur t f r o he c s ha f t
r
prva i r onti e o

ca e a de i to ' Rit nhous ,764 F. a 1
us
prvai n.
' te
e
2d t 456,n. J e alo Vi on v Campbel C@.
5; e s ns .
l

Fic Cour,820 F. 1 1 ( t Ci, 1 . I i t s me ha s t t efcuaes a
s al
t
2d 94, 99 6h r 987) t s hi c nim ha fe t t
k
i r e polcy.' NABP,633 F. a 1 7.Thatpolc ca t ke t f m ofd or r l s
gove nm nt i '
3d t 31
i y n a he or
t mal u e ,
f
r gultons a sa ut ' e ctd t ough a i i r tve,oreve l s ai ,pr es .' Ea t r
e ai , nd tt es' na e hr
i be a i
del
n egil tve oc s' s e

Hou ev Fel r,91 F. 1 1 ( h Ci.1 . Butt polcy c d alo dei fo a
s . de 0 2d 387, 403 7t r 990)
he i oul s rve r m
c
omm it e or s fcinty s ni r ofi ils i or decsons mad û a c e- c se bass'
te
ufi e l e o fca ' nf mal ii
e i
on as by- a
i.
'
l I eiher s ena i t polcy unde l ng t pr dur mus be dic ee,a tc a e a
d. n t
c ro, he i
ryi he oce e
t
s r t ri ult d, nd

ge rly-pplc bl
neal a ia e.SeeNABPS633 F. a 1 (i ralis i whehe i i f e e bl
3d t 318 i
The e sue s t r t s ors ea e

t a idv d as- idvd asg n r l , so po e t NABP s c al -wo l b d p ie of
h t n ii u l n iiu l e e a l a p s d o
y
pe sc l
y
u d e e rv d
pr ry itr t whe t sae acor a t puruant t t etbls d sae pr edur '
ope t neess n he tt t s c
s
o he sa ihe tt oc e.)
'
(
empha i adde . W ha doe notcountasa e tbls d pr e ei t a e e ofd te
ss
d)
t s
n sa ihe oc dur s he bs nc
t tr
be

p o e u e (h t wo l h v prv n e tede rv to ' Rie h s , 6 F.da 1 5 .
r c d r s tal ud a e e e td h p iain. t n ou e 7 4 2 t 4 6
' t
Alhough Ne te
t
tl man cha a t rze FAU' a t a o isons as i oc dur s' t r a e
rcei s
S c s nd m s i
i e e ,' he e r
pr
no ale tons t t FA U ofi i s wer i pl m e i a ge a i ed g
l ga i
ha
fc al
e m e ntng
ner lz
over en polc t
nm t i y o
a opr a e c r ght d m a eral Tha FA U, s ii aly Yong,di not r pl t N e tem a s
ppr i t opy i e
t i.
t
pec fc l
d
e y o tl n'

me sge(
sa Compl a !73 s
. t ) howsonl a i vi lfiueofco
y n ndi dua alr
mmuni ton,nott ope ai
cai
he rton

11

of a e tbls d pr edur . I al gi t t FAU a l d i he pr e s s t a ce s a
n sa ihe oc e n le ng ha
lowe i r of s or o c s nd
ot

d se nae t e Maeil' tr u h Blc b ad (d.a ! 7 ) Nete n r ie a ij r ta
is mi t h tras' h o g a k o r i t 4 , tlma as s n n u y h t
wo d f es ea y ha m onl hi pe s ly. Eve i he m e ns t i y t t FAU pe m it d
ul or e bl r
y m r onal
n f
a o mpl ha
r te
pr e s s t us e h ot ' wor m or br dl he doe notr er t a r e r ulton,
of s or o e ac hers
ks
e oa y,
s
ef o ny ul, eg a i
saut ,or i or decson t ta horz s h a tviy. W ihoutt s contnt Nete a s
tt e
nf mal ii ha ut ied uc c i t
t
hi
e , tlm n'
a lga i i tnt mount t a ac us ton of i dm i sr tve ne i nce'f FAU' f l e t
le ton s a a
o n c ai
l nita i
a
glge ' or
S aiur o
i tt e i te pr e e ' t tm i tha bl d a es t hi M aeral . Rit
nsiut i t r oc dur s' ha gh ve ocke cc s o s t i s tenhou ,764
be
se
F.2d a 1
t 456.Thesmei tueoft lmison who c n a e sBl kboa d. (d.a !75)5 A sa
a sr
he i t
a cc s ac r 1 t
.

gl l m at , al t ee of t e al gai a e difc t t r conc l wih Nete n' own
oba
ter 1 hr
hes le tons r fi ul o e
ie t
tl ma s

a srin ta FAU çnsi td apoiy' or s e tt ec p rg t o f c t me es (#. t!
se t h t
o
s tt e
i u
l 't e p c h o y ih s f a ul mb r. / a !
c
y
29- .Thenaurli ee efom t i ele t lprpet polc i t tanyi rngi a tviy
40)
t a nf rnc r he nt lcua o ry iy s ha
nfi ng ci t
woul ha be c r r t t gove ni r e a t e or ç r
d ve en onta y o he
r ng ul nd her f e $ andom ,u ut i e ac .
a
na horz d t'
'
NABP,633 a 1 1
t 3 7.

Bec us Netlm a f l t alege t tFAU r id on a e t ihe sa c pr e r t
a e te n ais o l
ha
ele
n sabls d tt oc du e o

de i hi ofpr ry,due pr e s di notr quie a pr - prva i he rng - s l a t
prve m
ope t
oc s d
e r
e de i ton a i
o ong s i
a

me ni ulposll prv ton rmedyf t l si a l e. ds 468 U. a 533. Tha
a ngf
t-de iai e
or he os s vaiabl '
'Hu on,
S. t
t
me ns c r r t Ne te a s c e i
a , onta y o tlm n' ont nton,t Cour m us consde whet t Compli
he
t
t
i r
her he
ant

a quaey pl dsan abs e ofpos- prvai r dis NABP,633 F,d a 1 9 (fpr
de tl ea
enc
tde i ton eme e .
3 t 31 i ede i ton pr s notf asbl,pli ifk oul onl esabls a a t ldue pr es vi a i i
prva i
oce s
e i e antf s d y t ih n cua
c
oc s olton f

is fce l ale dt tt Stt f ldt pr deade epos- prvatonr
t ufiinty lge ha he ae aie o ovi
quat tde i i emedis'.
e'
)
5I e i i unc ea f om t Com pl i w he hert s f a ur s e m ed f om a dec s on on t
nde d, t s l r r he
a nt
t hi e t e t m
r
ny i i
he
pa tFAU orwheheri i buiti t Blc
r
t t s l-n o a kboa d, Thi pa tc a alegai alo f l bec us a
r
s riul r l ton s ais a e, t
m os,i a lge not t t t lm is we e desgne t de i e pr es or of c r ove t r
t t le s
ha he i t
r
i d o pr v of s s
ontol r hei

c i s butt tt yweede i t c ce a de i ton.NABP,633a 1 8( ai if
opyrght, ha he r sgned o on al ny prvai
t 31 pl ntf
S t i ntf a esa i he sat pr ed e whi h ha a ispu pos t de i ton of a
i
mus de iy n t bls d t e oc ur
c
s s t r e he prva i

prtce i ees)(mphassi o i nal.
oe td ntr t e
i n rgi )
12

1 do not a ee wih Nete n' r a ng of fo
gr
t
tl ma s e di
gan v Zi r
,
mme man Br h Co t t a
us
ha n
.

i pe
nde ndentt r a ton i ne s arl i qua e whe i i t o y pos- de i ton pr es
o t c i s ce s iy nade t
n t s he nl
t prva i
oc s
a ia e, Lo
val bl
gan r ie a e t gene a prnci lt ta pos- prvaton he rng ofa ki i
et r t d he
r l i pa ha
tde i i
ai
ny nd s

i ufi intwhe aswast ca e t r , t pl i ifc l d a esa ihe sa e pr edu e
ns fce
n,
he s he e he antf halenge n t bls d tt oc r .
Lo
gan,455 U. a 43 The Supr m e Cou twe on t s y t t i t e cicums a es a t t
S. t 6.
e
r nt o a ha , n hos r
t nc , or
r med w a Spa tc a l 'un l uli m a ng t pl n if i ntr y whol .' l at 437. But
e y s ' ri ulry' hepf n ki he aitf i iel
e
e ' d.
t t pr poston does not hol i t r r e st ton - whe t r i no e t bls d sa e
ha o ii
d n he eve s iua i
n he e s
s a ihe tt

pr edu e I t de i ton wa unpr dit bl a a pr de i ton pr s t r by
oc r . f he prva i
s
e c a e nd
e- prva i
oce s he e
f e os d,a sa e pr vi s alt pr es du Sby m a ng a lbl a t tr m e t tco d
or cl e
t t o de l he oc s e s
ki vaia e or e dy ha ul
a qua ey r r s t l s. Zi mon,494 U. a 1
de t l ed e s he os ' ner
'
S. t 29.
He e,Netema a s rs t t éhe St t of Fl i has no s aut r s m e or cli s
r
tl n s e t ha s
t
ae
orda
t t o y che
am -

r e pr dur t a e seihe c i ti rnge e ora f r ci lrgh scli , bot of
eviw oce e o ddr s t r opyrgh nfi m nt
ede al vi i t am
h

whih ae f rlca esofaci ' (
c r edea us
ton. Compl at! 80) The e algai do note
'
.
. s le tons
xhaus t
t he
m e ofno f r r m e es As FAU obs ves Nete a does nota tnd t t pos i lt
nu
n-ede al e di .
er , tlm n
te o he sbiiy

t thec d be madewhol by flng aco mon 1 t ts t6 As a resu l, t Compli td
ha
oul
e
ii
m
aw or ui.
t he
a n oes
nots fcinty a lget tFl i f l t pr de a
uf e l le ha orda ais o ovi dequae pos- prvai r medi .
t
tde i ton e
es

l f l t tNete a spla ng doe notaleg adue pr es vi a i t tc d be
t olows ha tlm n' e di
s
l e
oc s olton ha oul
vi caed by t Foure nt Ame e ' Enf c ntClus Im us c ude,i t ,t t
ndi t
he
te h
ndm nts or eme
a e.
t oncl
n um ha
Ne tema hasnotesa ihe a ba i f r CRCA t a oga e FAU' s r i i
tl n
t bls d
ss o
o br t
S ove egn mmuniy i t s
t n hi
i t nc 7 Acc di y, i i
ns a e.
or ngl t s

6Si neihe pa t a g st poitand t Com pl ntdoe notad e si,Iwilnota s s t
nce t r ry r ue he n
he
ai
s
dr s t
l
s e s he
m e isoft sque ton ofFl i l w .
rt
hi
si
orda a

7 s sa i wih u yrjdc frt rao s Fis,i NABP,h Elv nhCic ts getd
Dimisls to t eu ie o wo e sn . rt n
te e e t rui ug se

t hy he i a pos i lt of f c ua alega i ns t tm i s ts y t NABP s a r NABP,
he pot tc l sbliy
a t l l to ha ght a i f he
t nda d.
13

ORDERED a ADJUDGED t t The Fl i Ata i Uni r iy Boa d of Tr t es
nd
ha
orda lntc
ve st
r
use '

M oton t DimisPli ifsAmende Compl nt( 20)i GRANTED. Pli ifChal A.
i o s s antf
d
ai DE
s
antf res
Nete n,IlsAmende Compli ( 9)i DI I
tlma I'
d
ant DE s SM SSED W I
THOUT PREJUDI
CE. The
Clr ofCo ts lCLO SE THI CASE a DENY alpe ngm otonsA S M O OT.
ek
ur hal
S
nd
l ndi
i

dy f
e h, Fl i , t s /e a o
or da hi

DONE AND ORDERED i Cha be s a W e t P
n
m r, t s Z

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J nua y,201
a r
7.
Z

yz
.

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D O A LD M .M I D LEBR OO K S
D
UN I
TED STATES D I
STRI J D GE
CT U

A1 Couns lofRec d
l
e
or

633 F, a 1 6- 9. Se
3d t 31 1
cond,t sout ome a l N ete a t avoi pr cl i is ,s d
hi c
lows tlm n o
d e uson s ues houl
he pur ue s a e l w r m e e
s t t a e di s.
14